Journal articles: '1956-1989'

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Kurczewska, Joanna. "Polish Sociology - From 'October' to 'June' (1956-1989)." Czech Sociological Review 41, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2005.41.4.07.

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Trammer, Hubert. "Rozważania nad periodyzacją dziejów polskiej architektury po 1918 roku zainspirowane wystawą „Tożsamość. 100 Lat polskiej architektury”." Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/teka.1467.

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Zaproponowana przez twórców wystawy Tożsamość. 100 lat polskiej architektury periodyzacja dziejów polskiej architektury po roku 1918 z podziałem na okresy 1918−1939, 1939−1956, 1956−1970, 1970−1989 i 1989−2018 budząc wątpliwość stanowi punkt wyjścia do refleksji, przeglądu innych periodyzacji dziejów architektury tego czasu oraz przedstawienia własnych propozycji w tym zakresie.

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Алипиева, Антоанета. "Пламен Дойнов – Поколение и поезия. 1956–1989." Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne, no. 17 (November 6, 2019): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pss.2019.17.22.

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The article deals with Plamen Doynovʼs idea of the poetic generations during the time of the socialism. There are the connections between the administrative power and the poets, between the ideological directives and the poetry as an autonomous area. The author suggests the idea of the periodization within poetry during the socialism.

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Skyba, Ivanna. "GOVERNMENT-CHURCH RELATIONS IN HUNGARY IN 1956 – 1989." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 1 (42) (May 20, 2020): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(42).2020.202263.

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Harms, Victoria. "A Tale of Two Revolutions: Hungary’s 1956 and the Un-doing of 1989." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 3 (July 21, 2017): 479–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417703184.

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This article is part of the special section titled The Genealogies of Memory, guest edited by Ferenc Laczó and Joanna Wawrzyniak This article investigates the evolution of Hungary’s memory of 1956, from the counterrevolution to the dissident struggle for rehabilitation in the eighties, its relation to the change of regimes in 1989, and its subsequent appropriation for nationalist purposes in defiance of a European memory regime. Mnemonic warriors like Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and historian Mária Schmidt have championed 1956 as a struggle for freedom and independence and symbols of Hungarian martyrdom and bravery. Only recently a new-found Central European unity in adversity has been observed: the “counterrevolution” against the European Union. Perusing interviews, samizdat articles, public appeals and speeches, and other documentary evidence, including historical analyses, this article identifies mnemonic actors and strategies to assess the intricate relationship between 1956 and 1989. The analysis of museum exhibitions, statues, monuments, and national symbols helps reveal the varying significance ascribed to 1956 before and after 1989. The study relies on the conceptual groundwork of Michael Bernhard and Jan Kubik. It contributes to arguments put forth by historians James Mark, Anna Seleny, Nora Borodziej, and Árpád von Klimó.

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Park, Byong-Kwon, Soon-Keun Chang, Ho Il Yoon, and Hosung Chung. "Recent retreat of ice cliffs, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-633-635.

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Comparison of aerial photos shows that the ice cliff in Marian Cove, Maxwell Bay, southwestern King George Island, retreated approximately 250 m between 1956 and 1986, but advanced about 40 m between December 1986 and January 1989. The advance in the late 1980s seems to be related to the cold austral winters of 1986-88. A topographic survey in January 1994 revealed that the ice cliff in Marian Cove had again retreated around 270 m since January 1989; approximately the same as from December 1956 to December 1986. in Potter Cove, the ice cliff retreated approximately 400 m from 1956-89. The more pronounced retreat here may be attributable to shallower water depths (<30m). These ice cliffs retreats are discussed as a possible consequence of recent regional warming.

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Скиба, І. І. "Державно-церковні відносини в Угорщині в 1956 - 1989 рр." Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія: Історія, вип. 1 (42) (2020): 232–38.

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Tomeš, Igor. "The Metamorphoses of the Czechoslovak Welfare State, 1956-89." Soudobé dějiny 20, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2013): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51134/sod.2013.004.

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Кульчицький, С. "Боротьба кримських татар за повернення на Батьківщину (1956-1989 рр.)." Український історичний журнал, no. 2 (539), березень - квітень (2018): 75–109.

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10

Le Gallais, D., C. Préfaur, C. Dulat, J. Macabies, and J. Lonsdorfer. "Sickle Cell Trait in Ivory Coast Athletic Champions, 1956-1989." International Journal of Sports Medicine 12, no. 05 (October 1991): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024725.

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Auffant-Vázquez, Vivian. "Leopoldo Zea en Puerto Rico." Latin American Journal of Development 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 2760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46814/lajdv3n4-077.

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Esta investigación presenta el contenido temático respecto al Primer Seminario de Historia de las Ideas en Puerto Rico del 3 al 8 de diciembre de 1956 convocado por el Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, institución que patrocina a la Colección Historia de las Ideas de América la cual dirige el Dr. Leopoldo Zea en 1956. Esta participación intelectual es la primera en Puerto Rico del filósofo mexicano. En ella se enlaza la Isla a la corriente filosófica latinoamericana. Este aspecto lo destacará Zea posteriormente en un artículo del tomo publicado sobre el Sesquicentenario de Eugenio María de Hostos celebrado en 1989. This research presents the thematic content of the First Seminar on History of Ideas in Puerto Rico from December 3 to 8, 1956, convened by the Pan American Institute of Geography and History, institution that sponsors the Collection History of Ideas of America, directed by Dr. Leopoldo Zea in 1956. This intellectual participation is the first in Puerto Rico of the Mexican philosopher. It links the island to the Latin American philosophical current. Zea will emphasize this aspect later in an article of the volume published on the Sesquicentennial of Eugenio Maria de Hostos celebrated in 1989.

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HAMADUN, FAIRULADILAN, NASIRIN ABDILLAH, NORMAN YUSOFF, and NUR SYAHIRAH ANANI NOR ADZLI. "REPRESENTASI STAILISTIK FILEM HANG TUAH (1956)." International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v9i1.387.

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Abstrak Hang Tuah (1956) merupakan salah satu filem adaptasi Melayu yang terkenal dalam sejarah perfileman tanah air. Filem ini dikatakan cuba mengangkat karya kesusasteraan Melayu klasik melalui Hikayat Hang Tuah dan Sejarah Melayu. Memandangkan filem ini bersifat adaptasi, maka sering menjadi perhatian dalam kalangan sarjana. Antara aspek yang sering menjadi daya tarikan mereka adalah soal kesetiaan dalam aspek naratif seperti plot, lakonan, gaya bahasa, latar dan tema. Namun demikian, artikel ini hadir dengan melihat kepada aspek lain iaitu stailistik yang mana merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam pembuatan filem seperti sinematografi, mise en scene dan penyuntingan. Aspek stailistik filem Hang Tuah (1956) cuba diselami dengan mengaplikasikan teori historical poetic of cinema oleh David Bordwell (1989). Sebagai kerangka analisis utama dalam artikel ini, maka historical poetic of cinema cuba menjawab persoalan kajian; bagaimanakah aspek sejarah mampu memberi kesan terhadap stailistik filem Hang Tuah (1956)? Analisis kandungan turut dipilih sebagai instrumen kajian utama untuk memperolehi data daripada buku, artikel jurnal dan filem. Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa filem Hang Tuah (1956) cenderung kepada stailistik model pembuatan Hollywood. Walau bagaimanapun, keadaan persekitaran industri perfileman Melayu era 1950-an cuba mengubah stailistik filem Hang Tuah (1956) kepada acuan filem India. AbstractHang Tuah (1956) is one of the famous adaptation films in Malay cinema. The film endeavours to uplift the classical Malay literature through the Hikayat Hang Tuah and Sejarah Melayu. Since Hang Tuah (1956) is an adaptation film, it has always attracted the scholars’ attention. Among the main attractions is the matter of loyalty in the narrative aspects such as plot, acting, language style, background and theme. However, this article looks at other aspect namely stylistics. This important element of stylistics in film production includes cinematography, mise en scene and editing. The stylistics aspect of Hang Tuah (1956) was investigated by applying the historical poetic theory of cinema by David Bordwell (1989). As the main analytical framework in this article, historical poetic of cinema attempts to answer the research question of how the historical aspects can affect the style of Hang Tuah (1956) film? Content analysis was chosen as the main instrument for obtaining data from books, journal articles and films. The analysis found that Hang Tuah (1956) tends to resemble Hollywood production model. However, the environment of Malay film industry around 1950’s had influenced the stylistics of Hang Tuah (1956) film to be shaped by an Indian mould.

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Petrescu, Dragoş. "Building the Nation, Instrumentalizing Nationalism: Revisiting Romanian National-Communism, 1956–1989." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 523–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902985728.

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When approaching the issue of Romanian national-communism, it is Nicolae Ceauşescu's flamboyant display of chauvinistic nationalism that comes immediately to mind. Thus, it may come as a surprise for many to learn that it was in fact Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, the Stalinist leader of the Romanian Workers’ Party (RWP) and Ceauşescu's predecessor, who initiated in the mid-1950s a return to the local traditions and subsequently to an ethnic understanding of the Romanian nation. True, under the reign of Ceauşescu, the communist regime engaged in sustained policies aimed at reinforcing the ethnic ties among the Romanian majority and assimilating the historic ethnic minorities. But, in the case of Romanian communism, a nationalistic turn had already been initiated during the year 1956, under the rule of Gheorghiu-Dej. At the same time, it took a rather long period, i.e. 1956–1968, for Romanian national-communism to mature.

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14

Boel, Bent. "Western Trotskyists and subversive travelling in Soviet Bloc countries, 1956–1989." Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2017): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25739638.2017.1396669.

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15

Skirius, Juozas. "BALFʼo parama lietuviams už geležinės uždangos ir komunistinėje Lenkijoje 1956–1989 m." OIKOS: lietuvių migracijos ir diasporos studijos 22 (2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2351-6561.22.3.

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16

Gagyiova. "Legitimizing Socialism? Hard-Currency Stores and Western Goods in Hungary, 1956–1989." Hungarian Studies Review 48, no. 1 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hungarianstud.48.1.0019.

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Świtek, Gabriela. "The Borderlines of the Thaw: Graphic Art from the Federal Republic of Germany in Warsaw’s “Exhibition Factory” (1956–1957)." Biuletyn Historii Sztuki 82, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 127–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/bhs.638.

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The aim of the essay is to delineate the political and artistic contexts of two exhibitions of graphic art from the Federal Republic of Germany held in the Central Bureau of Art Exhibitions, the main state art gallery in Warsaw (1956–1957). The historians consider the year 1956 – similarly to the years 1968 or 1989 – to be an important caesura in the political and social history on the global scale. In the history of modern art in Poland, the year 1956 is also perceived as a period crucial to changes in artistic life (Polish thaw). As the first show of West German artists in post-war Poland, the Exhibition of the Works of Graphic Artists from the Federal Republic of Germany opened in Warsaw on the same day when Nikita Khrushchev delivered his celebrated “Secret Speech” in Moscow (25 February 1956). The exhibition Poster Art in the Federal Republic of Germany was organized in 1957, after the events of the Polish October (1956). The idea to juxtapose art exhibitions with political events of their era follows contemporary reflections on the phenomenon of noncontemporaneity and on the heterogeneous nature of the visual time of art and exhibition histories.

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Frie, Anne Kirstine, Garry B. Stenson, and Tore Haug. "Long-term trends in reproductive and demographic parameters of female Northwest Atlantic hooded seals (Cystophora cristata): population responses to ecosystem change?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 3 (March 2012): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-140.

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More than 2500 ovaries were collected from Northwest Atlantic hooded seals ( Cystophora cristata (Erxleben, 1777)) in the period 1956–2006 during moulting (data blocks: 1956–1960, 1970–1972, 1978), postmoulting (data blocks: 1990–1994, 1996–2006), and whelping (data blocks: 1967–1972, 1973–1976, 1979, 1983–1987, 1989–1995). Mean age at primiparity (MAP) was estimated as the mean age of females with a single corpus albicans or a corpus luteum from a postimplantation pregnancy. MAP was stable at 4.2–4.5 years during 1956–1978, increasing to 4.9–5.2 years in 1979 and to 6.1 years in 1989–1995 (later data insufficient). Patterns of corpus accumulation indicated occasional skipped pregnancies. This may have affected the accuracy of MAP estimates but not the main trends. Declining proportions of parae younger than 10 years after 1979 are consistent with effects of delayed maturation, reduced adult hunting mortality, and (or) increased juvenile mortality. From the 1990s, declining adult pregnancy rates are suggested by decreasing trends in proportions of older multiparae (8+) and other ovary-based proxies for pregnancy rates. Hooded seal abundance was largely stable from 1960 to the mid-1990s and changes in population parameters over this period are therefore more likely due to effects of ecosystem change on per-capita resource levels than population-mediated density dependence.

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Schweitzer, András. "Apor, Péter. 2014. Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary – The Afterlife of the First Hungarian Soviet Republic in the Age of State Socialism. London: Anthem. 228 pp. Illus (Hungarian edition: Apor, Péter. 2014. Az elképzelt köztársaság. A Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság utóélete 1945–1989. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. 228 o.)." Hungarian Cultural Studies 8 (January 22, 2016): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2015.202.

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Apor, Péter. 2014. Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary – The Afterlife of the First Hungarian Soviet Republic in the Age of State Socialism. London: Anthem. 228 pp. Illus (Hungarian edition: Apor, Péter. 2014. Az elképzelt köztársaság. A Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság utóélete 1945–1989. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. 228 o.) Reviewed by András Schweitzer, 1956 Institute, Budapest

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Perret, Françoise. "Les actions du CICR en Hongrie et au Moyen-Orient en 1956." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 78, no. 820 (August 1996): 448–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100049315.

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Comme le rappelle Françoise Perret dans son étude sur l'action du CICR en Hongrie, 1956 est d'abord l'année de la déstalinisation, lancée par le fameux rapport de Khrouchtchev devant le XXe Congrès du Parti communiste de l' Union soviétique. Cet événement a changé le cours de I'histoire du XXe siècle, et l'insurrection qui a éclaté en octobre 1956 à Budapest en a été une conséquence directe. Avec son étude intitulée «L' action du CICR en Hongrie», Françoise Perret, chargée de recherches au CICR, rappelle l' intervention du CICR pendant ces journées dramatiques pour la Hongrie. Depuis lors, l'histoire a une fois de plus changé de cap, avec l'écroulement du régime communiste en 1989.

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Ament-Kovács, Bence. "Cottage Industry Co-Operatives with Applied Folk Art Profile in Hungary after World War II." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 65, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 187–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/022.2020.00008.

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This study deals with the history of the Hungarian cottage industry co-operatives with applied folk art profile after World War II. Since publications in this topic concerning Hungary are scarce, this framework is dedicated to the circumstances under which these co-operatives which employed a high number of people and operated quite successfully up to the beginning of the eighties, came into existence, their operations and the scope of objects produced by them, which are identified as applied folk art today. Having the economic, political and cultural environment of the Rákosi- (1949–1956) and Kádár-era (1956–1989) in mind, just as well, as the current approach of creators and ethnographers to the activity of the co-operatives.

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Perret, Françoise. "La acción del CICR en Hungría y Oriente Próximo en 1956." Revista Internacional de la Cruz Roja 21, no. 136 (August 1996): 444–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0250569x00021282.

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Como recuerda Françoise Perret en su estudio sobre la acciôn del CICR en Hungría, 1956 fue ante todo el año de la desestalinización, iniciada por el famoso informe de Kruschov ante el XX Congreso del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética. Este acontecimiento cambió el curso de la historia del siglo XX y la insurrección que estalló en octubre de 1956 en Budapest fue una consecuencia directa de é En «a acciódel CICR en Hungría» Françoise Perret, encargada de investigaciones en el CICR, describe la operació del CICR durante esos dramáticos dís vividos por Hungrí. Desde entonces, la historia ha cambiado una vez mé de rumbo con la caída del régimen comunista en 1989.Aúm resonaban los disparos en Budapest cuando estalló la guerra en Oriente Próximo. En su segundo estudio, Françoise Perret analiza «La acción del CICR durante el conflicto de Suez de 1956». La situación en Oriente Próximo también se ha transformado profundamente desde entonces

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Kulchytskyi, S. "The Struggle of the Crimean Tatars for Returning to Their Homeland (1956-1989)." Ukraïnsʹkij ìstoričnij žurnal, no. 2 (September 4, 2018): 75–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhj2018.02.075.

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Kaldybayev, Azamat, Yaning Chen, and Evgeniy Vilesov. "Glacier change in the Karatal river basin, Zhetysu (Dzhungar) Alatau, Kazakhstan." Annals of Glaciology 57, no. 71 (March 2016): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a005.

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AbstractWe investigated glacier changes in the Karatal river basin, the largest basin in Zhetysu (Dzhungar) Alatau, Kazakhstan, for the periods 1956–89, 1989–2001 and 2001–12, based on Landsat TM/ETM+ data analysis. In 1989, we found 243 glaciers with a total area of 142.8 km2; by 2012 these had shrunk to 214 glaciers with a total area of 109.3 km2, a decrease of 33.5 km2 over 23 years (1.02%a-1). This very high shrinkage rate is likely connected with a general trend of increasing temperatures, and small glaciers being situated at the relatively low altitude of the outer Zhetysu Alatau ranges. We also analyzed the shrinkage rate of glaciers based on their differences in size, altitude and aspect of slopes, as well as other topographic parameters, in four sub-basins where glacier shrinkage varied between 18% and 39%. Weather-station climate data showed a significant temperature increase and stable precipitation trends over the study period. We conclude that glacierized areas of the Karatal river basin are located in the most unfavorable conditions for glaciation, and as a result showed a higher shrinkage rate than other glacierized areas of the Tien Shan from 1956 to 2012.

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Meisenheimer, K., and H. J. Röser. "Comparison of Radio and Optical Polarization in Extended Extragalactic Radio Sources: II. Implications for the Magnetic Fields." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 140 (1990): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900190837.

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Although optical synchrotron light from an extragalactic source - the jet in M 87 - has been discovered more than 30 years ago (Baade 1956) there are still only a handful extended radio sources with established optical synchrotron emission (see Röser 1989 and references therein, also Meisenheimer et al. 1989b). We outline the relevance of optical studies and summarize some results concerning the magnetic fields in extragalactic radio sources.

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Anderson, Jennifer. "The Pro-Soviet Message in Words and Images: Dyson Carter and Canadian “Friends” of the USSR." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 18, no. 1 (June 17, 2008): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018259ar.

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Abstract Dyson Carter, Sovietophile and member of the Communist Party of Canada, spent most of his career promoting the USSR to North Americans. He served as President of the Canadian-Soviet Friendship Society (CSFS) from 1949 to 1960, edited the CSFS newsletter News-Facts about the USSR from 1950 to 1956, and published the popular pro-Soviet magazine Northern Neighbors from 1956 until 1989. His work was supported from Moscow by the All-Union Society for Friendship with Foreign Countries (VOKS), and his writing had wide appeal on the Canadian left. Based on recently released archival material from Russia and Canada, as well as oral history, this story of propaganda and persuasion in Cold War Canada offers a new perspective on the history of the Canadian left.

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Pető, Andrea, and Ildikó Barna. "‘Unfettered Freedom’ Revisited: Hungarian Historical Journals between 1989 and 2018." Contemporary European History 30, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000229.

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In his 1992 article, ‘Today, Freedom is Unfettered in Hungary,’ Columbia University history professor István Deák argued that after 1989 Hungarian historical research enjoyed ‘unfettered freedom. Deák gleefully listed the growing English literature on Hungarian history and hailed the ‘step-by step dismantling of the Marxist-Leninist edifice in historiography’ that he associated with the Institute of History at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HAS) under the leadership of György Ránki (1930–88). In this article he argued that the dismantling of communist historiography had started well before 1989. Besides celebrating the establishment of the popular science-oriented historical journal, History (História) (founded in 1979) and new institutions such as the Európa Intézet – Europa Institute (founded in 1990) or the Central European University (CEU) (founded in 1991) as turning points in Hungarian historical research, Deák listed the emergence of the question of minorities and Transylvania; anti-Semitism and the Holocaust; as well as the 1956 revolution. It is very true that these topics were addressed by prominent members of the Hungarian democratic opposition who were publishing in samizdat publications: among them János M. Rainer, the director of the 1956 Institute after 1989, who wrote about 1956. This list of research topics implies that other topics than these listed before had been free to research and were not at all political. This logic interiorised and duplicated the logic of communist science policy and refused to acknowledge other ideological interventions, including his own, while also insisting on the ‘objectivity’ of science. Lastly, Deák concluded that ‘there exists a small possibility that the past may be rewritten again, in an ultra-conservative and xenophobic vein. This is, however, only a speculation.’ Twenty years later Ignác Romsics, the doyen of Hungarian historiography, re-stated Deák's claim, arguing that there are no more ideological barriers for historical research. However, in his 2011 article Romsics strictly separated professional historical research as such from ‘dilettantish or propaganda-oriented interpretations of the past, which leave aside professional criteria and feed susceptible readers – and there are always many – with fraudulent and self-deceiving myths’. He thereby hinted at a new threat to the historical profession posed by new and ideologically driven forces. The question of where these ‘dilettantish or propaganda-oriented’ historians are coming from has not been asked as it would pose a painful question about personal and institutional continuity. Those historians who have become the poster boys of the illiberal memory politics had not only been members of the communist party, they also received all necessary professional titles and degrees within the professional community of historians.

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Holmgren, E. Börje, and Marianne Forsgren. "Epidemiology of Tick-borne Encephalitis in Sweden 1956–1989: A Study of 1116 Cases." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 22, no. 3 (January 1990): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365549009027050.

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Słowiński, Konrad. "Lokalne władze partyjno-państwowe wobec Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego w latach 1956-1989. Zarys problematyki." Roczniki Humanistyczne 66, no. 2 Zeszyt specjalny (2018): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2018.66.2s-5.

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Mazurkiewicz, Adam. "Modny „pan władza”. O strojach funkcjonariuszy MO w polskiej powieści milicyjnej lat 1956–1989." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 25 (July 28, 2020): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.25.19.

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Creation of the militiaman — treated as a representative figure for the specific type of literary character typical for militia literature — was functionalised in such a way to present militiamen as heroes on and off duty. This is why they used their inconspicuous appearance as a “weapon” for fighting against criminals. The worldly gentleman allowed the creation of the image of an “ideal mil-itiaman”. These two strategies were supposed to evoke trust towards the investigative and policing organs, overused during the Stalinist period. In that way, “the supermen in blue uniforms” (a term created by Stanisław Barańczak) (re)gained their humanity becoming appealing to the readers; all in compliance with the ideological premises, however, due to different reasons than the national policymakers wished. Thus, the reconfigurations of the image of the militia official in “neo-militia literature”, having a demystifying tone, show to what extent the image created by the writers of militia literature remained artistically prominent. However, nowadays not only this demystifying notion, but also militia literature is regaining its popularity, the proof being the activity of its readers on the internet. The reason why these stories — very often full of propaganda — are interesting for readers may be their documentary values. It seems, however, that it is especially the depiction of the heroes perceived not as represent-atives of the policy, but as single units coping with the everyday struggles of living in the PRL (The Polish People’s Republic), that has the greatest influence on the popularity of this genre.

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Berridge, W. J. "The frailties of prisons in post-colonial Sudan: from rehabilitation to retribution, 1956–1989." Middle Eastern Studies 52, no. 3 (January 5, 2016): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2015.1084293.

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SÆTHER, O. A., and L. C. FERRINGTON JR. "Nomenclature notes on some orthoclads (Diptera: Chironomidae)." Zootaxa 322, no. 1 (October 7, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.322.1.1.

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New nomenclatorial acts are proposed for chironomids in anticipation of publication on the Fauna Europaea, a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. Thienemanniella caspersi Sæther is proposed as a new replacement name for Th. similis Caspers & Reiss, 1989. Five new generic combinations are given: Dactylocladius albipennis Goetghebuer, 1921, Orthocladius (Dactylocladius) brevifurcatus Edwards, 1926, and Lindebergia bothnica Tuiskunen, 1984 are transferred to Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer; while Smittia lacunarum Goetghebuer, 1931 and Smittia (Pseudosmittia) terrestris Goetghebuer , 1943 are both transferred to Bryophaenocladius Thienemann. Twenty-two new synonyms are given: Pseudosmittia amamibifurca Sasa, 1990 is a junior synonym of Pseudosmittia mathildae Albu, 1968; Pseudosmittia antillaria Sæther, 1981 of Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921); Pseudosmittia arenaria flava Strenzke, 1960 of Pseudosmittia arenaria Strenzke, 1960; Smittia avicularia Goetghebuer, 1950 of Pseudosmittia trilobata (Edwards, 1929); Smittia brachyptera Goetghebuer, 1934 of Pseudosmittia conjuncta (Edwards, 1929); Pseudosmittia brevitarsis Brundin, 1947, Pseudosmittia kurobaokasia Sasa & Okazawa, 1992, Smittia oxoniana Edwards, 1937 not Edwards, 1922, and Pseudosmittia schachti Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia ruttneri Strenzke & Thienemann, 1942; Spaniotoma (Smittia) curticosta Edwards, 1929 of Pseudosmittia albipennis (Goetghebuer, 1921); Smittia hamata Freeman, 1956 of Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi, 1947); Pseudosmittia linguata Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia nishiharaensis Sasa & Hasegawa, 1988; Smittia longitibia Goetghebuer, 1933 and Pseudosmittia mediocarinata Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer, 1926); Spaniotoma (Smittia) recta Edwards, 1929 and Pseudosmittia togarisea Sasa & Okazawa, 1992 of Pseudosmittia oxoniana (Edwards, 1922); Spaniotoma (Smittia) scotica Edwards, 1929, Pseudosmittia togasitea Sasa & Pseudosmittia triplex Strenzke, 1950 is a valid species and not a synonym of P. forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921) as stated in Ashe & Cranston (1990). Pseudosmittia virgo montana Strenzke, 1950 is raised to species level as Pseudosmittia montana. The following names are nomina dubia: Camptocladius flaviventris Kieffer, 1921, Camptocladius hexalobus Kieffer, 1924, Camptocladius longicrus Kieffer, 1921, Pseudosmittia restricta Brundin, 1956, Smittia (Pseudosmittia) tenebrosa Goetghebuer, 1943, Camptocladius trifoliatus Kieffer, 1924, Smittia (Pseudosmittia) vicana Goetghebuer, 1943.

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Pál, Nagy. "Hajnáczky Tamás:"Egyértelmű, hogy a cigányok nem tekinthetőek nemzetiségnek". Cigánypolitika dokumentumokban 1956--1989. Gondolat, 2015." REGIO 25, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.17355/rkkpt.v25i4.197.

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Komaniecka-Łyp, Monika. "Polish Security Service Artifacts. Ministry of the Interior (1956-1989) Operational Equipment and its Presentation." International Journal of Intelligence, Security, and Public Affairs 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 182–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23800992.2020.1839845.

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Hudek, Adam. "SOMMER, Vítězslav a kol. Řídit socialismus jako firmu. Technokratické vládnutí v Československu, 1956–1989. [To run socialism like a firm. Technocratic Governance in Czechoslovakia, 1956–1989]. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny; Ústav pro soudobé dějiny." Historický časopis 68, no. 5 (December 20, 2020): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2020.68.5.9.

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Stankowska, Agata. "Pośmiertne życie rewolucji. O Dzienniku węgierskim Wiktora Woroszylskiego z perspektywy „nieustającej w swym ruchu historii”." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, no. 29 (March 1, 2017): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsl.2016.29.12.

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The article is devoted to the Hungarian revolution in 1956, witnessed and described by Wiktor Woroszylski in his Hungarian diary . His report from the fighting Budapest is as important as the comments added in 1976, 1981, 1986, and 1989, the milestones of the Polish way to freedom, described by one of its participants. In the comments, Woroszylski creates a vision of “history incessant in its movement”, marked by hope and disappointment. The author points out to similarities and relationships between freedom uprisings in various Soviet-dominated countries of Central Europe.

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Modzelewski, Wojciech Tomasz. "Polsko-rosyjskie pogranicze – od regionu izolowanego do transgranicznego." Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssp.2015.1.1.

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W artykule przyjęto założenie, że dwa regiony sąsiadujące, czyli posiadające wspólną, lądową granicę: województwo warmińsko-mazurskie i Obwód Kaliningradzki FR tworzą polsko-rosyjskie pogranicze. Widoczna jest ewolucja polsko- rosyjskiej granicy: od zamkniętej (do 1955 r.), poprzez selektywnie otwartą (lata 1956-1989), do granicy jako płaszczyzny współpracy (od 1990 r.). Wpływa to na ewolucję badanego pogranicza: od zamkniętego, izolowanego - do pogranicza, gdzie realizowane są wielowymiarowe, oddolne kontakty transgraniczne. Natomiast wprowadzenie w 2012 r. zasad małego ruchu granicznego i związany z tym dynamiczny wzrost ruchu granicznego służą kształtowaniu polsko-rosyjskiego regionu transgranicznego.

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Hummer, Kim. "THE STATUS OF PYRUS GERMPLASM IN THE US." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1142a—1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1142a.

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Pyrus communis L. germplasm came to North America with early settlers. Pyrus cultivars have markedly declined since the turn of the century when more than 2700 unique Pyrus cultivars and 10,000 cultivar synonyms were noted. In 1956, 844 Pyrus cultivars and selections were widely available. Fireblight, Erwinia amylovora (Burril) Winslow et al. 1923, and lack of cold hardiness were main causes of cultivated germplasm loss. During June through December 1989, I resurveyed 37 State Agricultural Experiment Stations which had pear collections in 1956, to determine the present extent of their collections. Only four had more than 100 cultivars; 12 had 10 to 100 cultivars; 21 had less than 10. Experiment stations have decreased their collections because of funding cuts and program redirection. The National Clonal Germplasm Repository at Corvallis, established in 1981, has a collection of 811 unique cultivars and representatives of 26 Pyrus species. About 194 cultivars published in 1908 are in the NCGR collection. At least 424 of those listed in 1956 still exist. Oriental species and other foreign selections not previously available are actively being acquired. About 80% of the clones in the NCGR collection are virus negative; about 10 % reside in backup in vitro storage. Fireblight damage has not been observed thus far. With continued federal support, Pyrus germplasm availability should remain more stable than the decline seen in the last 90 years.

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Magdó, Zsuzsánna. "Magyarország, Románia és a nemzetiségi kérdés, 1956–1989, György Földes (Budapest: Napvilág Kiadó, 2007), 562 pp." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 3 (May 2009): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0090599200017967.

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D'Elia, Nicola. "Historiography as a political battlefield (1956–1989): Italian left-wing historians on early German Social Democracy." Modern Italy 20, no. 2 (May 2015): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2015.1025375.

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The debate surrounding German Social Democracy during the era of the Second International represents an important chapter in the historiography of post-Second World War Italy. At the same time, it also marks some crucial moments in the political and intellectual life of Republican Italy. This article aims to show the close relationship between the investigation of the past and the ongoing political struggle that has characterised research on this issue. Study of the topic was practically monopolised by left-wing historians, who, in dealing with the history of German Social Democracy, aimed also to direct the political strategy of workers’ parties. Considering the studies appearing after the 1956 crisis and in the mid-1970s, such a goal seems evident. It was only during the 1980s that the research opened itself to different perspectives – no longer influenced by ideological controversies.

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Perkowski, Piotr. "Barbara Klich-Kluczewska, Rodzina, tabu i komunizm w Polsce, 1956–1989, Liberian, Kraków 2015, ss. 295." Klio - Czasopismo Poświęcone Dziejom Polski i Powszechnym 42, no. 3 (March 30, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/klio.2017.039.

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Jemielity, Witold. "Wpływ władz państwowych na obsadę stanowisk kościelnych w Diecezji Łomżyńskiej w latach 1945-1989." Prawo Kanoniczne 49, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2006): 211–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2006.49.3-4.09.

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Immediately after the Second World War the Bishop appointed Parish-Priests on the base of the concordat regulations issued in the year 1925, while, on the other hand, he appointed curates by himself. On motion of the decree issued on this February 9th in the year 1953 filling up vacancies for both Parish-Priests and Curates was completely dependent on the will of the government The decree issued on this December 31st in the year 1956 and binding till the year 1989 refered to Parish-Priests only. In the 60's the voivodship authorities repeatedly rejected Bishop's applications so he refered the matter to the ministry. The main reason of the State authorities' denial was defianse of the priests as regards registration of the catechetic points and keeping stock-books. Since the 70's government authorities less and less resticted the power of the Bishop as regards filling up church vacancies and since 1989 the Bishop has gained complete freedom on this matter.

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Felland, C. M., L. A. Hull, D. A. J. Teulon, and E. Alan Cameron. "OVERWINTERING OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN PENNSYLVANIA." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 5 (October 1993): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125971-5.

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Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), originally distributed throughout western North America (Bryan and Smith 1956), have since spread to greenhouses in the eastern United States and Canada, and to many other parts of the world (Brodsgaard 1989). Populations have established outdoors in the southeastern United States (Chamberlin et al. 1992) and in several other warm regions of the world (Brodsgaard 1993). but have failed to establish in Ontario (Broadbent and Hunt 1991) and the northern parts of Europe (Brodsgaard 1993). We have not found reports of western flower thrips overwintering outdoors in the northeastern United States.

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Rainer M., János. "Discourses of Contemporary History in Hungary after 1989." East Central Europe 44, no. 2-3 (December 11, 2017): 216–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04402011.

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The study examines Hungarian historiography since the Hungarian democratic transformation. Its main question is how Hungarian history writing was able to reformulate itself during the short period after 1989. In academic and public discourse one can observe parallel processes of de-ideologization and re-ideologization towards a one-sided commitment to the national(istic) viewpoint. The study starts by setting the general scene and examining the politics of memory within the fields of general focus, i.e., the discourses of memory politics and institutions. Afterwards, it discusses two focal themes in greater detail: 1956 and the Kádár era on one hand, and the Horthy era on the other. The discussion follows the order in which these themes emerged in the discourse. It also contains a short overview of the memory politics linked to the given theme as well as the various currents in history writing, narrating and interpreting these important issues of the national historical canon.

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Hiddleston, Jane. "Lyotard's Algeria: Experiments in Theory." Paragraph 33, no. 1 (March 2010): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0264833409000741.

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This article explores the changing position of Lyotard's writing on Algeria within his corpus. The essays gathered together in La Guerre des Algériens: Ecrits 1956–63 (The Algerians’ War: Texts 1956–63), and published much later in 1989, are certainly among his most overtly politically engaged. These pieces track the progress of the War of Independence from the early signs of unrest in 1952 to what Lyotard perceives as the divisive effects of FLN ideology in the aftermath of independence, and the collection as a whole underlines not only the conflict between coloniser and colonised but also that between the rural masses and the bourgeoisie. Nevertheless, despite his commitment to Algerian independence at the time of writing, Lyotard later lamented the failings of these essays. He also alters his stance on his own use of Marxism, and condemns his attempts to offer a Marxist revolutionary critique. He then chose to republish the work in 1989, yet this volte-face testifies to the author's ongoing ambivalence towards his own writing on decolonization. At one moment, Lyotard mocks and undermines his own efforts to understand and systematize the mechanics of the liberation movement. Yet he then goes on to suggest that the Algerian conflict exemplifies his later concept of the ‘differend’. This unease both within and towards the volume La Guerre des Algériens will be the focus of this article. The essays’ eclecticism, and Lyotard's own altering response to them, can be understood as an early testimony to an increasing scepticism towards Marxism in French critical thought, and, at the same time, towards what Lyotard conceived as dogmatic ‘theory’, in the context of decolonization in Algeria.

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Agrawal, Amit, K. V. Murali Mohan, Vissa Santhi, Kishor V. Hegde, and Reddy V. Umamaheswara. "Recurrent extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma with scalp metastasis." Romanian Neurosurgery 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2014-0025.

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Abstract Extraneural metastasis from anaplastic ependymoma is uncommon. In a study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center where the authors reviewed 81 ependymomas cases (between 1956 and 1989) there were only five (6.2%) cases had extraneural metastases. We present a case of anaplastic ependymoma with scalp metastasis and discuss the possible mechanism of spread. In majority most of the cases of metastatic extracranial ependymoma patients have underlying progressive intracranial disease. Although these patients receive standard treatment for the primary tumor (Gross total resection and radiotherapy) and the management options for recurrences includes re-excision, focal reirradiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, or craniospinal radiotherapy for metastatic disease the long term outcome is not favorable.

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Kemper, Steven, K. M. de Silva, and Howard Wriggins. "J. R. Jayewardene of Sri Lanka: A Political Biography Volume Two: From 1956 to his Retirement (1989)." Pacific Affairs 69, no. 1 (1996): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760903.

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BÍLu, SVATOPLUK. "Taxonomic studies on Anthaxiina Gory & Laporte de Castelnau and Curina Holynski (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)." Zootaxa 555, no. 1 (July 2, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.555.1.1.

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Thailandia B l , 1990 is considered to be a subgenus of Anthaxia Eschscholtz, 1829, and the following new synonymies in Anthaxia are proposed: Anthaxia congolana Kerremans, 1909 = A. electra Cobos, 1967 syn. n.; A. crassa Obenberger, 1922 = A. proserpina Cobos, 1967 syn. n. = A. hunti Th ry, 1930 syn. n.; A. turneri Obenberger, 1931 = A. ceres Cobos, 1967 syn. n.; and A. dilatipes Obenberger, 1928 = A. pilosa Th ry, 1928 syn. n. Cylindrophora Solier, 1849 is considered a full genus (formerly a subgenus of Anthaxia) and transferred to Curina, and the problem of its type species is discussed. A new genus, Romanophora gen. n., is created for Anthaxia verecunda (Erichson, 1834) and placed in the Curina. The genus Brasilaxia Th ry, 1935 is discussed, and a new status for Bilyaxia Ho y ski, 1989 (formerly a subgenus of Anthaxia) is suggested together with new synonymy and new combination: Bilyaxia mariae (Cobos, 1956) stat. & comb. nov., B. bucki (Cobos, 1956) = B. kafkai B l , 1997, syn. n. A modified concept of Anthaxiina Gory & Laporte de Castelnau, 1839 and Curina Ho y ski, 1988 is proposed.

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SUGIERA, MAŁGORZATA. "Contemporary drama as a challenge for Polish theatre." European Review 9, no. 3 (July 2001): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870100031x.

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The aim of the paper is to show the impact contemporary drama has had on Polish theatre during the last 50 years. In this period, there were two innovative phases in Polish drama, both having a different impact on the theatre. After 1956, political changes allowed for noticeable transformations in the dramatic and stage conventions, which up to then were dominated by socialist realism. After 1989, political changes brought a few promising debuts, as well as new topics and means of expression, which had been almost completely absent from the Polish stage. At the same time, this paper tries to show in which respect Polish dramaturgy maintained its national uniqueness, while being influenced by world drama.

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Bicsák, Zsanett Ágnes. "RECEPCJA PEDAGOGIKI HERBARTA NA WĘGRZECH W ŚWIETLE PODRĘCZNIKÓW AKADEMICKICH." Forum Pedagogiczne 2, no. 2 (November 12, 2016): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/fp.2012.2.09.

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W artykule zaprezentowano dzieje węgierskiej recepcji myśli Herbarta od zakończenia drugiej wojny światowej do chwili obecnej. Autorka rozróżnia pięć etapów, które zostały zdefiniowane w odniesieniu do wydarzeń z najnowszej historii politycznej Węgier i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Datą, od której rozpoczyna się pierwszy okres, jest zakończenie drugiej wojny światowej. Początkiem drugiego jest krwawe stłumienie węgierskiego ruchu wolnościowego i powstania narodowego w 1956 roku przez armię radziecką. Trzeci okres łączy dążenie do obiektywnej prezentacji myśli Herbarta z ostatnią dekadą panowania socjalizmu w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Czwartym dominującym wydarzeniem jest zmiana systemowa, jaka dokonała się w 1989 roku. Piąty okres datowany jest od Pierwszej Ogólnowęgierskiej Konferencji Nauki o Wychowaniu, która obradowała w 2001 roku i otworzyła nowy rozdział w analizie postawionego problemu.

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Journal articles on the topic '1956-1989'

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