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Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1960s-1980s

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Academic literature on the topic '1960s-1980s'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1960s-1980s"

1

Solomon, Bill. "Fiction: The 1960s to the 1980s." American Literary Scholarship 2018, no. 1 (2020): 267–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00659142-8118580.

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Gireva, L. D. "Soviet Pedagogical Innovations, 1960s through 1980s." Russian Education & Society 38, no. 12 (1996): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393381220.

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Wood, Fred B. "Global Alpine Glacier Trends, 1960s to 1980s." Arctic and Alpine Research 20, no. 4 (1988): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551338.

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Pod’iapol’skii, Sergey A. "Soviet Nationalities Policy of the 1960s - early 1980s." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 9, no. 04 (2016): 904–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-2016-9-4-904-926.

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Lippy, William H., Leonard P. Berenholz, and John M. Burkey. "Otosclerosis in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s." Laryngoscope 109, no. 8 (1999): 1307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199908000-00022.

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Bauroth, Nicholas. "Regime Approaches to Obscenity Policy: 1960S to 1980S." Journal of Urban Affairs 20, no. 4 (1998): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.1998.tb00429.x.

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Bedford, D. P., and R. G. Barry. "GLACIER TRENDS IN THE CAUCASUS, 1960s TO 1980s." Physical Geography 15, no. 5 (1994): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723646.1994.10642526.

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Tedd, Lucy A. "Library management systems in the UK: 1960s–1980s." Library History 23, no. 4 (2007): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581607x254794.

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Bruno, Albert V., and Joel K. Leidecker. "Causes of new venture failure: 1960s vs. 1980s." Business Horizons 31, no. 6 (1988): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-6813(88)90024-9.

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Berman, Andrew G. "Orthodox samizdat in Chuvashia in the 1960s–1980s." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, no. 1 (2021): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.113.

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The article is devoted to the phenomenon of Orthodox church samizdat in the second half of the 20th century. The term Orthodox samizdat used in this article refers to a set of texts reproduced in an artisanal way and distributed in church goers circle without the sanction of the church or secular authorities. In the conditions of Soviet reality, the church circles were a deep periphery of public life and was formed from the marginalized or those pushed out by the Soviet authorities to the social margins. The specific position of church people in the USSR determined the repertoire of samizdat texts and their ideological orientation. The source base for this article was formed by a large library of church samizdat left after the death of Elizabeth Feodorovna Zakharova, an active parishioner of the Vvedensky Cathedral in Cheboksary. Zakharova was a typical representative of the church goers. The article reviews the genres of works that were available as the samizdat in Zakharova’s library: liturgical texts, artisan copies of pre-revolutionary publications, spiritual verses, thematic collections, folklore, apologetic literature, eschatologicaland conspiralogical texts, etc. One of the peculiarities of the existence of Orthodox samizdat in Chuvashia was that many texts circulated in translations into the Chuvash language. Among the features of Cheboksary samizdat is the replication of the prosaic translation of John Milton’s poems “Paradise Lost” and “Paradise Regained”. Church samizdat performed a number of important functions in church circles: it solved the problem of demand for liturgical and doctrinal literature in deficit conditions, shared uncensored texts, rallied church people and could besource of additional income. In general, church samizdat was an important part of the culture of the church circle during the Soviet era. The spelling and punctuation features of the original unpublished sources are preserved in the article when cited.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1960s-1980s"

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Haga, Koichi. "The critique of virtual shifting discursive space in Japanese literature, 1960s-1980s." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1682825951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Meadows, Rita Emily. "The portrayal of older adults in basal reading textbooks of the 1960s and 1980s." Gainesville, FL, 1986. http://www.archive.org/details/portrayalofolder00mead.

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Churchill, Lindsey Blake. "Imagining the Tupamaros resistance and gender in Uruguayan and U.S. revolutionary movements, 1960s-1980s /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04052010-215137.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2010.<br>Advisor: Robinson A. Herrera, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page viewed on July 23, 2010. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 168 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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Gilbert, Susannah. "Transgressive networks : mail art, circulation and communication in and out of Latin America, 1960s-1980s." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605175.

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The circulation of ideas and images outside institutions, particularly mail art and its legacies, has been neglected in art history, while many mail art works remain un-researched and un-exhibited. The reappraisal of mail an networks provokes a critical examination of the historical moment of the 1960s to 1980s, as well as its relationship to present day art practice. This thesis tells some of the stories of mail art's complex history across and beyond Latin America, tracing a multifaceted trail of contacts and exchanges both within and outside the continent. It considers the ways in which artists used cultural and geographical distance productively to rethink key issues in art to question the status of the an object, to disavow the institutionalised art world and to propose new forms of expression and community. In so doing, the thesis probes some of the most fundamental issues facing those thinking about transnational artistic production from the 1970s until the present day. The thesis is not a straightforward history of the mail art movement in Latin America. Rather, it attempts to harness the aesthetic of chance, disarray and transgression that marks mail art, focusing on 'nodes' in the mail art network and radiating outwards. These crucibles of activity include the group of mail artists active in Recife (particularly Paulo Bruscky) and the Museum of Contemporary Art at the University of Sao Paulo (MAC-USP) in Brazil; the Beau Geste Press in the UK, run by David :Mayor, Felipe Ehrenberg and Martha Hellion; the small city of La Plata (through the work of Edgardo Antonio Vigo) and the Buenos Aires-based Centre for Art and Communication (CAYC) in Argentina; as well as Clemente Padio's activities in Montevideo, Uruguay. While the study focuses on a core group of artists hailing from Latin American countries, at times we find ourselves in the UK, East Germany or North America, echoing mail art's ability to transcend borders and geographical boundaries. The transgression of a host of ordering systems emerges as a central preoccupation of artists within this network.

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Neves, Ana Catarina da Palma. "Empresas e sistemas de informação em perspectiva histórica - a Fábrica Saupiquet em Setúbal (1960s-1980s)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16307.

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O objectivo deste estudo é averiguar a intensidade e o ritmo das adaptações no sistema de informação interno de uma grande empresa multinacional, observada a partir de uma unidade situada na periferia da economia europeia. O estudo centra-se na empresa Compagnie Saupiquet, uma empresa francesa de conservas que se expandiu internacionalmente e consiste numa análise do arquivo histórico da sua fábrica de Setúbal. Tomando-se como referência o ano de 1963, com base nos documentos analisados, fez-se uma reconstituição do sistema de informação interno desse ano. A análise dos anos 70 e 80 é comparativa, isto é, pretende mostrar as diferenças e as semelhanças destes anos relativamente ao ano de 1963. Durante os anos 70, a empresa transformou-se numa organização diversificada, reforçando a departamentalização e a hierarquia de gestores profissionais e promovendo a descentralização das responsabilidades. A informação foi institucionalizada e passou a ser partilhada por todos os gerentes das fábricas e presidentes das empresas do Grupo. /ABSTRACT - The aim of this study is to examine the intensity and the rhythm of the adaptations of the internal information system in a large multinational enterprise. The enterprise is observed from a unity which is located in the periphery of the European economy. The study is focused on Compagnie Saupiquet, a French enterprise, which expanded at an international level. It consists of an analysis of the historical archive of the Setúbal factory of that enterprise. 1963 was established as a reference with the internal information system of this year being reconstructed on the basis of the analyzed documents. The analysis of the seventies and eighties is comparative, i.e., it intends to present the differences and similarities of these years as compared to 1963. During the seventies the enterprise became a diversified organization by reinforcing departmentalization and hierarquical professional management and by promoting responsibility decentralization. The information became institutionalized and shared by all the factory managers and presidents of the Group enterprises.

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Purkhardt, S. Caroline. "Social representations and social psychology : a theoretical critique with reference to the psychology of groups 1960s-1980s." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1155/.

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For the past fifty years social psychologists have attempted to understand inherently social phenomena within an individualistic and static conceptual framework afforded by the Cartesian paradigm. In contrast, contemporary traditions of social psychology, especially in Europe, reflect the cultural and evolutionary principles of the Hegelian paradigm. According to this approach, social phenomena are constructed through the coordinated activities of inherently social individuals in relationship both with each other and with their cultural and physical environments. I use this perspective to develop Moscovici's theory of social representations and our understanding of the dynamics and transformation of social knowledge. Drawing on recent developments in both the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge I reject Moscovici's distinction between the reified universe of science, which, he claims, is devoid of social representations, and the consensual universe of common-sense, which is impregnated with them. A programme of historical research is reported in which I trace the evolution and diffusion of Tajfel's theory of intergroup relations and the emergence of a social dimension in the social psychology of groups. This study demonstrates the dynamics by which scientific knowledge is transformed. These dynamics involve the social processes of interaction and communication and are characterized both by a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, and by an interdependence among individual scientists, the community of scientists to which they belong and the wider society in which the community is embedded. The thesis as a whole has important implications for understanding the processes of science and for the conduct of research in the social sciences.

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Henderson, Abney Louis. "Four Women: An Analysis of the Artistry of Black Women in the Black Arts Movement, 1960s-1980s." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5236.

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This project honors and recognizes the art and activism of four Black woman--Nina Simone, Nikki Giovanni, Elizabeth Catlett, and Ntozake Shange that contributed to the revolutionary movements of the 1960s through the early 1980s. This thesis examines the works and political challenges of Black women by asking what elements in their artistry/activism addressed issues specifically related to Black women's unique position in America during the Black Revolution and feminist movements? Both primary and secondary sources such as literature from advocates of the Black Arts Movements and the lyrics, poetry, and visual art of the four Black women artists were used to gain perspectives to answer the thesis major questions. The creative visions and activism of these Black women expressed the dire need for the issues of Black women to be heard and also to address all forms of oppression that Black women experience with race, gender, social or economic status, and even cultural identity. The works of these Black women were radical and were also cultural reflections of Black women embracing their idiosyncratic position as Black women despite the climate of perpetual deceptions used either by White Western ideologies or Black male chauvinism. This thesis concluded that when the concerns of Black women are attended to by their own strengths of character and merits, they are also able in return to contribute to their own self-empowerment as well as to the development of racial, gender, and community uplift.

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Bergman, Solveig. "The politics of feminism : autonomous feminist movements in Finland and West Germany from the 1960s to the 1980s /." Åbo : Åbo Akademi university press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41007642w.

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Sayeed, Asad Ullah. "Political alignments, the state and industrial policy in Pakistan : a comparison of performance in the 1960s and 1980s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627556.

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Arvids, Matilda. "Authority Patterns Over Time : a comparison of asymmetric relationships on a local level in India between the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432718.

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This study seeks to investigate how authority patterns have changed over time in the Indian districts Guntur and Krishna, by focusing on authority patterns as social relationships. Previous research on authority patterns often focuses on authority patterns as regime types, describing whether a regime is democratic or autocratic. This study takes a different approach using Harry Eckstein’s definition of authority pattens as a subset of human asymmetric relationships, relationships constructing the hierarchy in society. Social hierarchies guide human behaviour and predicts well-being and even survival, why it is important to understand their nature. In order to answer the research question of this thesis, a qualitative method and a ”strategy of change” (comparison over time) is used. Three points in time are analysed: the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. In 1961 political scientist Myron Weiner conducted a field study regarding political participation in five Indian districts, and in 1985 the professor of international affairs Atul Kohli redid his study in order to compare local politics over time. The main contribution of this thesis is to pick up where Kohli left off, and once again analyse contemporary local politics in one of the districts and compare the findings to Weiner’s and Kohli’s. This design offers a unique opportunity to compare local Indian politics, and authority patterns, over the course of nearly 60 years. It is shown that authority patterns have changed over time, mostly because of the intertwined process of changing caste dynamics. However, the findings indicate that authority patterns in itself is an ambiguous concept, why future research is needed to get a deeper understanding of the nature of authority patterns.

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Books on the topic "1960s-1980s"

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Key, Geoffrey. Geoffrey Key 1960s - 1980s. Portico Library & Gallery, 1989.

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Bushin, Vladimir. Social democracy and Southern Africa, 1960s-1980s. Progress Publishers, 1989.

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Jennings, Rebecca. Out and about: Sydney's Lesbian social scene, 1960s-1980s. Pride History Group, 2009.

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Shaw, Martin. Student movements of the 1960s: View from the 1980s. University of Hull, 1986.

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Shaw, Martin. Student movements in the 1960s: A view from the 1980s. University of Hull, Dept. of Sociology and Social Anthropology, 1986.

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Paper dolls of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s: Identification & value guide. Collector Books, 2005.

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Cherry, Janet. Spear of the Nation (Umkhonto weSizwe): South Africa's freedom fighters, 1960s-1980s. Ohio University Press, 2012.

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Omi, Michael. Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986.

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Howard, Winant, ed. Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1980s. Routledge, 1989.

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1952-, Liu Xiaoyuan, and Mastny Vojtech 1936-, eds. China and Eastern Europe, 1960s-1980s: Proceedings of the International Symposium: Reviewing the history of Chinese-East European relations from the 1960s to the 1980s, Beijing, 24-26 March 2004. ETH Zürich, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "1960s-1980s"

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Earner-Byrne, Lindsey, and Diane Urquhart. "Contraceptive Mentalities, 1960s–1980s." In The Irish Abortion Journey, 1920–2018. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03855-7_4.

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Blamires, Harry. "Recent voices The 1960s to the 1980s." In Twentieth-Century English Literature. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18511-5_10.

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Rossi, Lucio, and Alexander V. Zlobin. "Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnets: The Early Days (1960s–1980s)." In Nb3Sn Accelerator Magnets. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16118-7_3.

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Darian-Smith, Kate. "Mapping Migration in Melbourne’s Emotional Cityscapes, 1960s–1980s." In Urban Emotions and the Making of the City. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003162599-7-7.

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Shelton, Marie-Denise. "A New Cry: From the 1960s to the 1980s." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.x.33she.

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Talani, Leila Simona. "The City of London and British Economic Policies: 1960s to 1980s." In Globalization, Hegemony and the Future of the City of London. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230349452_3.

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Gola, Carlo, and Alessandro Roselli. "The Structure of the Banking System Between the 1960s and the 1980s." In The UK Banking System and Its Regulatory and Supervisory Framework. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230235779_1.

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Trigos, Ludmilla A. "The Decembrists and Dissidence: Myth and Anti-Myth from the 1960s–1980s." In The Decembrist Myth in Russian Culture. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230104716_7.

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Doose, Katja, and Jonathan Oldfield. "Natural and anthropogenic climate change understanding in the Soviet Union, 1960s–1980s." In Climate Change Discourse in Russia. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351028660-2.

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Demsky, Jeffrey. "Why All the Swastikas?: UK Rock Stars’ Nazi/Holocaust Encounters, 1960s–1980s." In Nazi and Holocaust Representations in Anglo-American Popular Culture, 1945–2020. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79221-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "1960s-1980s"

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Paramonov, Viacheslav. "Industrial Automation in the USSR in the 1960s-Middle 1980s: Stagnation or Breakthrough?" In 2017 Fourth International Conference on Computer Technology in Russia and in the Former Soviet Union (SORUCOM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sorucom.2017.00033.

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TIKHONOV, A. L. "MAIN TRENDS IN TRAINING OF BUILDING PERSONNEL IN THE BURYAT ASSR IN THE 1960S-1980S." In Scientific conference, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0521-6-2018-147-149.

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Batalov, Andrey. "The Struggle for the Historicity of Research Methods in 1960s-1980s and the Role of “Drevnerusskoe Iskusstvo” Periodical Issues in Studying Russian Medieval Architecture." In Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahti-19.2019.30.

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Smith, April, and Kenneth J. Karwoski. "U.S. Operating Experience With Thermally Treated Alloy 600 Steam Generator Tubes." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22139.

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Steam generators placed in service in the 1960s and 1970s were primarily fabricated from mill-annealed Alloy 600. Over time, this material proved to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in the highly pure primary and secondary water chemistry environments of pressurized-water reactors. The corrosion ultimately led to the replacement of steam generators at numerous facilities, the first U.S. replacement occurring in 1980. Many of the steam generators placed into service in the 1980s used tubes fabricated from thermally treated Alloy 600. This tube material was thought to be less susceptible to corrosion. Because of the safety significance of steam generator tube integrity, this paper evaluates the operating experience of thermally treated Alloy 600 by looking at the extent to which it is used and recent results from steam generator tube examinations.

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Küppers, Christian, and Michael Sailer. "Fabrication of MOX Storage Rods for Direct Final Disposal As Method for Immobilisation of Surplus Plutonium." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1270.

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Abstract The German strategy of handling spent fuel was focussed on reprocessing since the 1960s although the German breeder projects are phased out since the late 1980s. Therefore, considerable plutonium was separated from German spent fuel and not reused. Some materials are not storable without periodical treatment and must be processed. The question arises whether a product can be fabricated that is also suitable for final disposal. Fabrication of “MOX storage rods” is considered to be the best treatment, especially under German conditions, for this purpose. This treatment can also reduce costs significantly, probably up to one third. The storage rod option is based on techniques of which Europe has large-scale technical experience and only existing facilities are needed. Relevant amounts of plutonium could be processed in a relatively short time, this means several tons per year, starting before 2005.

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Bal, Oğuz. "Theoretical Foundations of Privatization and Results in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00614.

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Liberal economic order, businesses efficiency, productivity and profitability, competition for work is present in accordance with the principles defended private property order. As sistematical the main foundations of economic liberalism created by Adam Smith. Then, his prenciples developed by evolving Classic School, continued to the sovereignty until the Great Depression of 1929. I.World War took place in an environment dominated by Classical Ekol During, and after the war, from the principles of Classical School had not doubt. In 1936, John Maynard Keynes, the basic assumptions of the classical school refused. Following the II. World War; the 1950s and 1960s,sounds of the proponents of the liberal principles, was not strong as much as Keynesians. In the 1970s, emerged the world's most developed economy ABD, the high unemployment and inflation. Until 1973, wasn’t confronted with a serious crisis. Content of the neo-liberal economic policies between 1975-1980 was adopted. Since the 1980s, heavily affecting the world economy started to implement neoliberal policies. Acceleration of privatization, taxes, discounts for large scale unemployment, increase monetary measures to keep inflation under control was applied. In this article, on eight chapters were created. In the chapters, concept, scope and content, historical background of privatization, investigated material causes that give rise to privatization, the basic bases of privatization, the ideological foundations of privatization. Privatization aims were discussed, and was given examples of countries is characterized by intense privatization. The general results and in Turkey latests cases were discussed.

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Pioro, Igor. "Heat-Transfer at Supercritical Pressures." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23403.

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The first works devoted to the problem of heat transfer at supercritical pressures started as early as the 1930s. E. Schmidt and his associates investigated free-convection heat transfer to fluids at the near-critical point with the objective of developing a new effective cooling system for turbine blades in jet engines. In the 1950s, the idea of using supercritical “steam”-water appeared to be rather attractive for steam generators / turbines to increase thermal efficiency of fossil-fired power plants. Intensive work on this subject was mainly performed in the former USSR and in the USA in the 1950s–1980s. Therefore, the most investigated flow geometry at supercritical pressures is circular tubes with water as the coolant. Currently, using supercritical “steam” in fossil-fired power plants is the largest industrial application of fluids at supercritical pressures. At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, some studies were conducted to investigate the possibility of using supercritical water as a coolant in nuclear reactors. Several concepts of nuclear reactors were developed. However, this idea was abandoned for almost 30 years, and then regained momentum in the 1990s as a means to improve the performance of water-cooled nuclear reactors. Main objectives of using supercritical water in nuclear reactors are increasing the efficiency of modern nuclear power plants, which is currently 30–35%, to circa 43–50%, and decreasing operational and capital costs by eliminating steam generators, steam separators, steam dryers, etc. Therefore, objectives of the current paper are to assess the work that was performed and to understand specifics of heat transfer at supercritical pressures.

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Kuhlmann, Ulrike, and Simon Bove. "Refurbishment of orthotropic steel bridge decks by bolted solutions." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1111.

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<p>An increasing number of steel road bridges in Germany, but also in Europe and North America, show severe fatigue damages induced by the increase in heavy traffic loads. In addition, these road bridges from the 1960s to the 1980s were executed with fatigue-critical details, which are no longer state of the art today. Longitudi- nal stiffeners of orthotropic steel bridge decks, fitted between the cross girders are an example. Due to the particular importance of these bridges, e.g. crossing the Rhine, for the regional infrastructure network, the refurbishment has to be realized under consideration of the running traffic. Thus, refurbishment solutions are needed that are robust and durable with the least possible intervention in the current traffic. Bolted bearing- type shear connections are particularly suitable in this context, as they can usually be classified in higher fa- tigue detail categories than welds. However, for longitudinal stiffeners with a closed cross section such as a Y- shape or a trough shape normal bolting is not applicable. Therefore, the development of a refurbishment solution using mechanical fasteners and considering the only one-sided accessibility of stiffeners with a closed section by the use of blind rivets was the focus of two German research projects [1], [2]. In this paper, this innovative refurbishment solution by means of mechanical fasteners including blind rivets is presented. Fa- tigue tests on large-scale components consisting of longitudinal stiffeners butted up to a cross girder web with and without repair measure as well as small size fatigue tests on blind rivets were realized. First results of the currently still ongoing research [1] are presented.</p>

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Montoya, Catalina, Lina María Escobar-Ocampo, and Claudia María Vélez-Venegas. "Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6201.

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Marinilla´s cultural landscape and spacial characterization (Colombia). Catalina Montoya Arenas¹, Lina María Escobar Ocampo¹, Claudia Maria Venegas Velez¹ ¹Facultad de Arquitectura, UPB. Circular 1 N°70-01 Medellin, Colombia. E-mail: catalina.montoyaarenas@upb.edu.co, lina.escobar@upb.edu.co, claudia.ve7@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Cultural landscape, social management, heritage, spacial transformations, tourism Conference topics and scale: Stages in territorial configuration The historic center of Marinilla, National Monument since 1959, is located sixty minutes from Medellin at San Nicolas Valley. It has exceptional landscape conditions, highly productive lands, and a large percentage of the water reserve that supplies the region and the country, giving the territory an economic center character since the colony. These physical values make part of collective imagination as a recreation area and an opportunity for development in the 1960s, according to the construction of large national infrastructure works. At the same time, it was object of armed conflict in the 1980s and 1990s, and more recently, directly related to the spatial dynamics of the region: unplanned urban expansion, changes in land use and vegetation cover, with effects on the cultural landscape. In a post-conflict situation, the economic strategies of different actors trust on tourism as a social-spatial management strategy to improve the territory. However, the identity of rurality shows spatial imbalances without recognizing elements of historical construction whose legacies must be revealed to ensure equitable development. To do this, we propose an approach from the cultural landscape in a revision of the historical, symbolic and relational transformation through five systems (anthropic, productive, political, symbolic and spatial), analyzing competitiveness, tourism, landscape and social management, in different scales and during three historical moments. References (100 words) Busquets, J., and Cortina, A. (2009). Gestión del paisaje: Manual de protección, gestión y ordenación del paisaje. Ariel, Barcelona. Sierra, P. A. (2003). Periferias y nueva ciudad: el problema del paisaje en los procesos de dispersión urbana. Universidad de Sevilla. Barrera, S. (2014). Consideraciones teóricas para el análisis del paisaje. La Metodología de Los eventos relacionales. Perspectivas sobre el paisaje. Varón, D. C. Z. (2015). El derecho al paisaje en Colombia.: Consideraciones para la definición de su contenido, alcance y límites. U. Externado de Colombia. Olmo, R. M. (2008). El paisaje, patrimonio y recurso para el desarrollo territorial sostenible. Conocimiento y acción pública. Arbor, 184(729).

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Reports on the topic "1960s-1980s"

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.

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