Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1960s-1980s'

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2010.<br>Advisor: Robinson A. Herrera, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of History. Title and description from dissertation home page viewed on July 23, 2010. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 168 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The circulation of ideas and images outside institutions, particularly mail art and its legacies, has been neglected in art history, while many mail art works remain un-researched and un-exhibited. The reappraisal of mail an networks provokes a critical examination of the historical moment of the 1960s to 1980s, as well as its relationship to present day art practice. This thesis tells some of the stories of mail art's complex history across and beyond Latin America, tracing a multifaceted trail of contacts and exchanges both within and outside the continent. It considers the ways in which artists used cultural and geographical distance productively to rethink key issues in art to question the status of the an object, to disavow the institutionalised art world and to propose new forms of expression and community. In so doing, the thesis probes some of the most fundamental issues facing those thinking about transnational artistic production from the 1970s until the present day. The thesis is not a straightforward history of the mail art movement in Latin America. Rather, it attempts to harness the aesthetic of chance, disarray and transgression that marks mail art, focusing on 'nodes' in the mail art network and radiating outwards. These crucibles of activity include the group of mail artists active in Recife (particularly Paulo Bruscky) and the Museum of Contemporary Art at the University of Sao Paulo (MAC-USP) in Brazil; the Beau Geste Press in the UK, run by David :Mayor, Felipe Ehrenberg and Martha Hellion; the small city of La Plata (through the work of Edgardo Antonio Vigo) and the Buenos Aires-based Centre for Art and Communication (CAYC) in Argentina; as well as Clemente Padio's activities in Montevideo, Uruguay. While the study focuses on a core group of artists hailing from Latin American countries, at times we find ourselves in the UK, East Germany or North America, echoing mail art's ability to transcend borders and geographical boundaries. The transgression of a host of ordering systems emerges as a central preoccupation of artists within this network.

O objectivo deste estudo é averiguar a intensidade e o ritmo das adaptações no sistema de informação interno de uma grande empresa multinacional, observada a partir de uma unidade situada na periferia da economia europeia. O estudo centra-se na empresa Compagnie Saupiquet, uma empresa francesa de conservas que se expandiu internacionalmente e consiste numa análise do arquivo histórico da sua fábrica de Setúbal. Tomando-se como referência o ano de 1963, com base nos documentos analisados, fez-se uma reconstituição do sistema de informação interno desse ano. A análise dos anos 70 e 80 é comparativa, isto é, pretende mostrar as diferenças e as semelhanças destes anos relativamente ao ano de 1963. Durante os anos 70, a empresa transformou-se numa organização diversificada, reforçando a departamentalização e a hierarquia de gestores profissionais e promovendo a descentralização das responsabilidades. A informação foi institucionalizada e passou a ser partilhada por todos os gerentes das fábricas e presidentes das empresas do Grupo. /ABSTRACT - The aim of this study is to examine the intensity and the rhythm of the adaptations of the internal information system in a large multinational enterprise. The enterprise is observed from a unity which is located in the periphery of the European economy. The study is focused on Compagnie Saupiquet, a French enterprise, which expanded at an international level. It consists of an analysis of the historical archive of the Setúbal factory of that enterprise. 1963 was established as a reference with the internal information system of this year being reconstructed on the basis of the analyzed documents. The analysis of the seventies and eighties is comparative, i.e., it intends to present the differences and similarities of these years as compared to 1963. During the seventies the enterprise became a diversified organization by reinforcing departmentalization and hierarquical professional management and by promoting responsibility decentralization. The information became institutionalized and shared by all the factory managers and presidents of the Group enterprises.

For the past fifty years social psychologists have attempted to understand inherently social phenomena within an individualistic and static conceptual framework afforded by the Cartesian paradigm. In contrast, contemporary traditions of social psychology, especially in Europe, reflect the cultural and evolutionary principles of the Hegelian paradigm. According to this approach, social phenomena are constructed through the coordinated activities of inherently social individuals in relationship both with each other and with their cultural and physical environments. I use this perspective to develop Moscovici's theory of social representations and our understanding of the dynamics and transformation of social knowledge. Drawing on recent developments in both the philosophy of science and the sociology of knowledge I reject Moscovici's distinction between the reified universe of science, which, he claims, is devoid of social representations, and the consensual universe of common-sense, which is impregnated with them. A programme of historical research is reported in which I trace the evolution and diffusion of Tajfel's theory of intergroup relations and the emergence of a social dimension in the social psychology of groups. This study demonstrates the dynamics by which scientific knowledge is transformed. These dynamics involve the social processes of interaction and communication and are characterized both by a delicate balance between tradition and innovation, and by an interdependence among individual scientists, the community of scientists to which they belong and the wider society in which the community is embedded. The thesis as a whole has important implications for understanding the processes of science and for the conduct of research in the social sciences.

This project honors and recognizes the art and activism of four Black woman--Nina Simone, Nikki Giovanni, Elizabeth Catlett, and Ntozake Shange that contributed to the revolutionary movements of the 1960s through the early 1980s. This thesis examines the works and political challenges of Black women by asking what elements in their artistry/activism addressed issues specifically related to Black women's unique position in America during the Black Revolution and feminist movements? Both primary and secondary sources such as literature from advocates of the Black Arts Movements and the lyrics, poetry, and visual art of the four Black women artists were used to gain perspectives to answer the thesis major questions. The creative visions and activism of these Black women expressed the dire need for the issues of Black women to be heard and also to address all forms of oppression that Black women experience with race, gender, social or economic status, and even cultural identity. The works of these Black women were radical and were also cultural reflections of Black women embracing their idiosyncratic position as Black women despite the climate of perpetual deceptions used either by White Western ideologies or Black male chauvinism. This thesis concluded that when the concerns of Black women are attended to by their own strengths of character and merits, they are also able in return to contribute to their own self-empowerment as well as to the development of racial, gender, and community uplift.

This study seeks to investigate how authority patterns have changed over time in the Indian districts Guntur and Krishna, by focusing on authority patterns as social relationships. Previous research on authority patterns often focuses on authority patterns as regime types, describing whether a regime is democratic or autocratic. This study takes a different approach using Harry Eckstein’s definition of authority pattens as a subset of human asymmetric relationships, relationships constructing the hierarchy in society. Social hierarchies guide human behaviour and predicts well-being and even survival, why it is important to understand their nature. In order to answer the research question of this thesis, a qualitative method and a ”strategy of change” (comparison over time) is used. Three points in time are analysed: the 1960s, 1980s and 2010s. In 1961 political scientist Myron Weiner conducted a field study regarding political participation in five Indian districts, and in 1985 the professor of international affairs Atul Kohli redid his study in order to compare local politics over time. The main contribution of this thesis is to pick up where Kohli left off, and once again analyse contemporary local politics in one of the districts and compare the findings to Weiner’s and Kohli’s. This design offers a unique opportunity to compare local Indian politics, and authority patterns, over the course of nearly 60 years. It is shown that authority patterns have changed over time, mostly because of the intertwined process of changing caste dynamics. However, the findings indicate that authority patterns in itself is an ambiguous concept, why future research is needed to get a deeper understanding of the nature of authority patterns.

This dissertation looks into the lives and experiences of early Taiwanese Canadians in Vancouver (1960s-1980s). The focus is particularly placed on how transnational migration experience has impacts on their self-image, national identity, and behaviours in the public sphere. An ethnographic research approach is taken to collect data of life histories through interviews, group interviews, and participatory observations in the community. It is found that early Taiwanese immigrants underwent enormous political pressure from their sending country. And this has in turn made Taiwanese immigrant community show a high degree of group solidarity and signs of radicalization over issues of identity politics. It is argued that the transnational social setting in the host society has engendered the chance for a reflexive examination of one’s national identity through interaction with the host society, the sending society, and other ethnic groups. And in particular it is also argued that the experience and the responding actions have led Taiwanese immigrants to proactively participate in public affairs. Theoretically the research broadens the understanding of conditions of nationalism by proposing a perspective giving transnational factors more weight in providing a framework for analysing complex phenomena of nation and nationhood in a rapidly transforming world.

ArcView and ArcInfo were used to identify and delineate areas contaminated by fluoride, sulfate, chloride, and nitrate in the Woodbine Aquifer. Water analysis data were obtained from the TWDB from the 1950s to 1990s covering 9 counties. 1990s land use data were obtained to determine the relationship with each contaminant. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to calculate relationships between variables. Land uses had little effect on distributions of contaminants. Sulfate and fluoride levels were most problematic in the aquifer. Depth and lithology controlled the distributions of each contaminant. Nitrate patterns were controlled mainly by land use rather than geology, but were below the maximum contaminant level. In general, contaminant concentrations have decreased since the 1950s.

This Bachelor’s Thesis introduces a previously unexplored visual artist to the field of Art history: Renata Wrede. Born in 1923 and active until her death in 1998, Renata Wrede produced a varied and colorful corpusof paintings, lithographies, drawings, sculptures, textile designs and pottery, most–but not all -of which is in the possession of her family. Herrigorous artistic training, deep engagement with her other passion –horses –and personal struggles for independence combined to create a varied style with anthropomorphizing images of -among many motifs-horses. Four of these images, taken from different periods of her life as an artist -are analyzed in this thesis paper. The focus on the analysis of the four works is the role of the horses in the picture: What do they do? How do they contribute to the composition? Why are they there? With the help of Renata Wrede’s autobiographical three books, Mitt romerska lejon (My Roman Lion), Juvelskrinet (The Jewelry Box) and Ior och hästarna (Ior and the Horses), the pictures are analyzed from the information provided by the writer and artist herself. The appendix includes a collection of Renata Wrede’s works (incomplete, but extensive) put together by the author of this thesis.

Cette thèse examine l’image de mode éditoriale en contexte(s), au sein de la presse magazine américaine entre les années 1960 et les années 1980, à travers une étude de cas sur les publications mainstream Vogue, Harper’s Bazaar et un nouveau magazine, Interview. On postule que la production photographique de ces trois titres représente à la fois le cœur de leur activité et de ces objets matériels, en raison de leur positionnement, de leurs codes et de leurs objectifs. On étudiera comment, dans ce cœur et à travers ses « grandes » séries éditoriales, se dégage un certain rapport à l’image comme plateforme entre une production collaborative et des réceptions, ainsi qu’une fonction de négociation par rapport au contexte historique. A travers l’étude des conditions de production des images, puis à travers leur analyse, et enfin par l’examen de leurs circulations, on démontrera l’existence d’une norme mainstream manifestant un certain conservatisme. Puis nous nous interrogerons sur les négociations éventuelles avec cette norme, sans cesse contestée, changeante en surface mais tenace.Un examen attentif de l’ensemble des tensions et des compromis au fil des moments de flottement que sont les décennies 1960 à 1980 nous permettra d’aboutir, sur la période étudiée, au constat qu’il existe bien un système articulé autour d’un discours hégémonique très difficile à questionner tant il est puissant et, en fin de compte, fermé. Ainsi, de manière transversale à tout notre travail, il émergera que l’ensemble des images de mode éditoriales est varié, mais lissé par un discours des magazines construit sur le long terme. Pourtant, il offre aussi bien des modèles que des contre-modèles, des contre-discours et des contre-points qui tous se déploient dans un cadre strict et souple, fermement orienté et adaptable, même s’il comporte quelques possibilités de subversion, toujours exercées à la marge. On conclura, en définitive, à la puissance de ce système, normé quoique toujours à l’équilibre entre des tensions contradictoires, structuré autour d’un format très fort, se nourrissant et s’exprimant par l’image de mode qui reste son fleuron<br>This doctoral thesis examines fashion editorials through a case study of three American magazines in context, from the 1960s to the 1980s: Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar, two mainstream publications, and a new magazine then, Interview. It is postulated that the photographic editorial production of those magazines is central to them – as material objects, and as the core of their activity as well, both aspects enabling and unfolding their positions, their codes and their purposes. By looking at major editorial series, I explore how these images stand out as "contact zones" between a highly collaborative production process and their receptions, and how their function is also one of negotiation with regards to its context.A close analysis of the conditions of production, the content and the circulations of these images demonstrates that magazines express undeniable conservatism through the perpetuation of a mainstream norm. However, as this norm constantly changes on the surface, I argue that conditions regularly emerge for it to be negotiated. An attentive study of the tensions and compromises unfolding in the « uncertain moments » that characterize the period running from the 1960s through the 1980s demonstrates the existence of a powerful system. Structured around a coherent and hermetic narrative, it proves indeed hard to challenge. Yet, as this thesis argues, the ensemble of editorial fashion images homogenized by these long-term processes is in fact varied and diverse. If these images construct models, they also offer counter-models, counter-narratives and counter-points. All these possibilities converge into a strict but agile framework, firmly oriented by its producers but adaptable, even though its subversive potential is only realized at the margins.This system—structured around a powerful format—is highly restrictive yet it still performs a constant balancing act between conflicting tensions and goals, fueled by and unfolded in the fashion images at its core

The advent of Area Studies and Comparative Literature in US academia developed in response to (or, more aptly, as a result of) the Cold War in the 1960s, with locations such as the Middle East relegated to Area Studies due to the strategic importance that knowledge of its histories, cultures, and languages had for global (read: US) geopolitics. On the other hand, the discipline of Comparative Literature constituted the expansion of US literary studies due to the influx of European intellectual refugees, with scholars and practitioners formulating the field around texts in, primarily, German and Romance languages in conversation with Anglophone texts. Over the past two decades, this Eurocentric model of Comparative Literature has been challenged, and, to some extent, subverted. Yet more often than not, modern Persian Literature is consigned to the realm of Area Studies in general and a Middle Eastern discourse in particular. My dissertation, “Disorderly Political Imaginations: Comparative Readings of Iranian and Caribbean Fiction and Poetry, 1960s-1980s,” addresses this gap by placing Iran and Persian literature front and center of a comparative project that includes canonical writers from the anglophone and francophone Caribbean. Additionally, “Disorderly Political Imaginations” considers intellectual figures and their literary productions that contributed to the liberation of individual and social consciousness. These figures created unique forms and languages of revolt that deviated from the prevailing definitions of committed, political, or national literature. In The Darker Nations: A People’s History of the Third World, Vijay Prashad sets a precedent for comparing Iran and the Caribbean in his chapter titled “Tehran,” by connecting Gharbzadegi (Westoxification or Occidentosis)—the cultural and socio-political manifesto of Jalal Al-e Ahmad—and Aimé Césaire’s négritude. On a broader, geopolitical level, he concomitantly connects imperial schemes in the “nominally independent” Iran and Caribbean region, along with the forms of resistance to them. Yet, for a chapter titled “Tehran,” the focus is mostly the contribution of other Third World projects to that of Iran’s. Conversely, “Disorderly Political Imaginations” centers Iran as a comparable case meriting comprehensive analysis in Third World cultural and political projects. Furthermore, rather than study the works of Al-e Ahmad and Césaire as exemplary cultural projects of resistance, I choose to investigate alternative modes of political thought and writing that move beyond the framework of “resistance”—modes that are not always considered as contributing to the political landscape. The “disorderly” politics and the “disorderly” creations of the writers under study thus take to task the idea of political literature during the decades of global decolonization, motivated by Jean Paul Sartre’s littérature engagée (engaged literature). In three chapters, I study Iranian literature of the mid to late 1960s in comparison to African diasporic literature from the Caribbean of the late 1970s to mid 1980s. The oft-overlooked issue of gender in national liberation projects of the time is addressed in my first chapter, “Scarecrows and Whores: Women in Savashoun and Hérémakhonon,” as I compare the two novels by Simin Daneshvar and Maryse Condé. The multilingual female protagonists in the novels of Condé and Daneshvar act as both literal and cultural interpreters and intermediaries in the narratives. I then extend my analysis of these protagonists’ precarious positions to the equally precarious intellectual positions of their creators in political discourses. By using Condé’s delineation of disorder in “Order, Disorder, Freedom and the West Indian Writer” as a necessary marker for freedom in both thought and creativity, central arguments of my dissertation about disorderly political imaginations are also presented. In “Disrupted and Disruptive Genealogies in the Novels of Hushang Golshiri and Édouard Glissant,” I compare Golshiri’s Shazdeh Ehtejab (Prince Ehtejab) and Éduoard Glissant’s La case du commandeur (The Overseer’s Cabin). Building upon Michél Foucault’s concept of “subjugated knowledges,” I demonstrate how their protagonists’ insistence on finding answers to the political questions of the present in the historical past (of empire and slavery respectively) leads to their insanity, and how, concomitantly, the formal characteristics of these narratives (such as their in-betweenness in terms of genre, language, and mode of address) offer “noncoercive knowledge” (to use Edward Said’s phrasing from The World, the Text, and the Critic) in lieu of answers. While taking into consideration the world literary traditions these novelists are engaging with, my analysis moves beyond a poststructuralist critique; instead, I privilege these writers’ own historical, socio-political, and cultural contexts in literary analysis, both distinctively and in comparison with one another. In “Poet-Travelers: The Poetic Geographies of Sohrab Sepehri and Derek Walcott,” I analyze how they both create a poetic language of revolt and liberation that, while affirming multiple literary and linguistic traditions, cannot be dismissed as derivative or unoriginal. In this comparative reading, I study their particular use of enjambments and anaphora, the combination of an autobiographical, monologic poetic voice with that of dramatic dialogues, a plethora of travel imagery and vocabulary that reflect the poets’ own multitudinous travels, the disparate religious, mythic, and folkloric traditions they draw from, and ultimately, the unique languages they create. In comparing these texts, I consider the different and particular historical moments they were written in, which is a revolutionary moment for Iran, and for the Caribbean texts is a postcolonial moment. The political nuances of these different contexts thus effect the timbre of the texts, and these divergences in articulation are analyzed as well. “Disorderly Political Imaginations” thus does not create a homogenizing, globalized study of literary texts. In that same vein, my research demonstrates the valence that incorporating neglected subjects (in this case, Persian language and literary studies) into Comparative Literature can have in understanding the hegemonic structures of power at play in knowledge production, both locally and globally.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-11, Section: A, page: 4345. Adviser: Harriet Murav. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-232) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

In recent literature, it has been stated that Native children adopted into non-Native homes do not fare well emotionally or culturally. But to place ourselves in another era; the decades of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, where the child welfare systems were overrun with Native children needing to be placed in long term homes, begs us to examine the systemic and political structures at play. Also, to examine the homes that these children were placed in and embrace a different perspective: the stories of the non-Native adoptive parents. This research study delves into the adoption experiences of eight non-Native adoptive parents and empirically examines their stories, resulting in many significant similarities and common themes with the main one being, the situation that these families found themselves in at times was not ideal but they transcended adversity to the best degree they could. Native children are no longer adopted out to non-Native families at the high rate that they once were. The political atmosphere of today differs significantly from the era that became known as the "Sixties Scoop". However, this study may contribute to the body of literature surrounding Native/non-Native adoption and could impact long term fostering policy and practice if the data were to be extrapolated into today's context.

A typical 1960s Type 2 Construction steel MRF hospital structure in Quebec, representative of a prevalent construction philosophy of the time, was investigated and modelled in OpenSees using an advanced strength degradation model. The structure was then subjected to a nonlinear time-history analysis (NLTHA) for Montreal (MTL) and Vancouver (VAN) ground motions and was found to be deficient under the design hazard levels. Retrofits were proposed for the two orthogonal frames at both sites using a performance-based approach. An experimental program determined that the connections had less ductility than expected and began deteriorating around 2.0% interstorey drift. The OpenSees model was updated according to the experimental connection behaviour and the predicted NLTHA performance of the structure worsened. The proposed retrofit designs for both orthogonal frames in both MTL and VAN were updated with the new connection behaviour and final retrofit designs were proposed.

碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>性別研究所<br>98<br>From the past researches on female factory workers during industrialization period in Taiwan, most of them put emphasis on analyzing the structural constraints which oppressed these young female labors. It’s generally agreed that under a conspiracy between patriarchy and capitalism, they were made filial and obedient daughters and factory workers. However, seldom could we find their subjectivity and agency. More than that, the relationships between the transformation of labor fields of these working daughters, their wage-earning ability and intra-household resource allocations are also needed to be concerned. My research materials are collected through oral history interviews conducted with 11 female factory workers once working in the Export Processing Zones in Kaohsiung during the 1960s-1980s. Viewpoints of Third World feminism highlighting the importance of difference and intersecting oppression and post-structural feminism featuring subjectivity are both adopted in the research to examine the whole picture of these female factory workers’ working lives, their agency in the factory lives, and the relationships between their wages, dowries and household resources. And the findings are the followings. The first daughters in the family seemed to sacrifice for the family most. But because of severe poverty of their natal family, they took the father figure to take care of the family and have active patrilineal identity. They worked for sustaining the continuity of their family. Besides, they even denied the giving of dowry for saving the family’s expense on it. And for those from better family circumstances, they could keep parts of wage as personal savings or budget for their dowry. Having a job in the Export Processing Zones offered them a stable and adequate living condition different from what they had in the period of agricultural economics. It represented one way to pursue modernity. Although they went to work partly due to patriarchal culture and economic reasons, the research finds out that by working they could accumulate resources and put them on education and dowry, or even changed the power relationship between them and their mothers-in-law. They not only elevated their position in gender hierarchy, but also achieved some goals which had been deprived because of gender oppression in the past. They were no longer only a victim figure as described in the past literature. Knowing from the findings, we realize that the way to interpret their situation should not be just from the gender perspectives. From the standpoint of Third World feminism, we could get rid of universal and uniform picture of Orientalism imagination. Meanwhile, seeing the oppression as intersectionality, we can further observe diversified subjectivities of these women factory workers and rethink the relationship between women’s work and their family.

碩士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>性別研究所<br>99<br>This thesis examines the discourses on the promotion of the Lippes Loop and the experiences of the women users in Taiwan’s Family Planning Program in the period between 1960s and 1980s. The materials include oral history interviews with 10 Lippes Loop users, 4 other IUD users, 1 gynecologist, 1 midwife, 1 family planning worker, and other historical documents. By analyzing several relevant groups for Lippes Loop, including the government, the medical community, and women users, I found that the government used goal-oriented strategy to promote the use of Lippes Loop. In addition, the medical community, with its professional and cultural authority, played an important role in promoting IUDs in public, and individual physicians were instrumental in installing IUDs in their medical practice. However, by examining various medical journals it appears that members of the medical community did not share the same opinions regarding Lippes Loop. Finally and most importantly, the choices that the users made were affected by the historical circumstances. It is only through revealing the experiences of women users, we may see the other side of the Taiwan Family Planning Program. Taiwan’s Family Planning Program has been much acclaimed; it is often described as a miracle. Yet, little attention has been paid to the gender politics involved in the implantation of the so-called miraculous program. Women were treated much like experimental subjects, and their reported reactions to the device were often ignored as over-sensitiveness; the physicians often condescended on women’s ways of dealing with the Loop. Only when one looks into these historical circumstances, including individual women’s condition, their notions of the body and their tacit knowledge, does one begin to understand their lived body experiences.