Academic literature on the topic '1961-1995'
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Journal articles on the topic "1961-1995"
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Kucherov, Gregory, Pierre Lescanne, and Peter Mosses. "Valentin Antimirov (1961–1995)." Theoretical Computer Science 155, no. 2 (1996): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(96)90119-x.
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Tettamanzi, Régis. "LOUIS-FERNDINAND CÉLINE DEVANT LA CRITIQUE 1961 1995." A Cor das Letras 1, no. 1 (2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/cl.v1i1.1747.
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Coomans, August, Pieter A. A. Loof, and Michel Luc. "Redescription of Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 and observations on X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 and X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)." Nematology 1, no. 1 (1999): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854199507893.
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AbstractX. nigeriense Luc, 1961 is redescribed on the basis of type material and specimens from Ivory Coast; the male of this species is described for the first time. X. nigeriense apud Bos and Loof (1985) and apud Sakwe and Coomans (1993) are both considered to be populations of X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. A population of X. mampara Heyns, 1979 is described from Lesotho. Some data are given on the juvenile stages of X. dihysterum and X. mampara. Redescription de Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 et observations sur X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995 et X. mampara Heyns, 1979 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) - Xiphinema nigeriense Luc, 1961 est redecrit a partir du materiel type et de specimens provenant de Cote d'Ivoire; le male de cette espece est decrit pour la premiere fois. X. nigeriense apud Bos et Loof (1985) et Sakwe et Coomans (1993) est considere comme appartenant a X. dihysterum Lamberti et al., 1995. Une population de X. mampara Heyns, 1979 provenant du Lesotho est decrite. Des donnees sont fournies sur les stades juveniles de ces deux dernieres especes.
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Apergis, Nicholas, and Sophia Eleftheriou. "Measuring Price Elasticity of Aggregate Demand in Greece: 1961-1995." Public Finance Review 28, no. 5 (2000): 452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114210002800504.
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Mutch, Carol. "New Zealand Social Studies 1961–1995: A View of Curriculum Change." Citizenship, Social and Economics Education 1, no. 1 (1996): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/csee.1996.1.1.5.
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The development, nature and role of social studies within the curriculum of New Zealand's primary and intermediate schools between 1961 and 1995 is analysed to show the way in which the particular historical circumstances of the country and the broader changes in society have been formative factors. It is argued that changes in New Zealand's economic and political international relationships have led to a reorientation that has been reflected in the design of the curriculum, while changes in the perceptions of the relationship between the descendants of the original Maori population and the newer European immigrant population have led to a re-evaluation of both the social content of the curriculum and of its overall purposes.
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Coloe, Susan V., and Robert W. Baird. "Dermatophyte infections in melbourne: trends from 1961/64 to 1995/96." Pathology 31, no. 4 (1999): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003130299104792.
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Nazareth, Peter, LeRoi Jones, Amiri Baraka, and Paul Vangelesti. "Transbluesency: The Selected Poems of Amiri Baraka / LeRoi Jones (1961-1995)." World Literature Today 71, no. 1 (1997): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152664.
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Vollmer-Schmolck, Heike, Sandra Garbelotto, and Klaus Schmidtke. "Der Berühmte-Personen-Test des Altgedächtnisses für öffentliche Daten 1961-1995." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 11, no. 1 (2000): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1016-264x.11.1.12.
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Zusammenfassung: Der Berühmte-Personen-Test ist ein deutschsprachiges Verfahren zur Evaluation des Altgedächtnisses für öffentliche Daten. Er deckt den Zeitraum von 1961 bis 1995 in sieben Jahrfünft-Schritten ab. Ein Testteil prüft semantisiertes Wissen, ein weiterer Detailwissen zu den Personen. Zur Item-Auswahl wurde eine Validierungsstudie mit 60 Probanden durchgeführt. Dabei wurden eine gleiche Schwierigkeit der sieben Jahrfünftskalen, hohe Altersdiskriminationsfähigkeit der Items sowie inhaltliche Eindeutigkeit angestrebt. Leistungsunterschiede bestehen zwischen zwei Schulbildungs-Gruppen. Das Verfahren erlaubt, das Altgedächtnis gesunder und gedächtnisgestörter Probanden über eine weite Zeitspanne zu evaluieren. Dabei können auch zeitliche Gradienten und materialspezifische Leistungsunterschiede beurteilt werden. Der Fragenkatalog ist im Internet unter der Adresse www.verlag.hanshuber.com/zeitschriften/zneurp/ abrufbar.
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Salim, Agus. "DEMONSTRASI PENGGUNAAN ALAT PENANGKAP CUMI-CUMI (Loligo sp.) SQUID JIGGING M. V. SEAFDEC-2 DI LAUT CINA SELATAN." BULETIN TEKNIK LITKAYASA Sumber Daya dan Penangkapan 6, no. 1 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/btl.6.1.2008.25-28.
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Laut Cina Selatan merupakan landas kontinen dengan rata-rata kedalaman mencapai 70 m dengan keadaan dasar perairan yang datar dan stratifikasimassa air dipengaruhi oleh musim (Wyrtki, 1961).Luas Laut Cina Selatan termasuk wilayah perairan Indonesia diduga 595.000 km2 (SCS, 1979; Cholik et al., 1995).
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Lopes, Jorge O., Jane M. Costa, Leandro A. Streher, Clovis Clock, Marcelo S. Pinto, and Sydney H. Alves. "Criptococose não associada àAIDS no Rio Grande do Sul: relato deoito casos e revisão daliteratura sul-riograndense." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30, no. 5 (1997): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821997000500003.
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Relatam-se oito casos de criptococose não associada à AIDS diagnosticados em Santa Maria, RS, no período 1961-1995. É revisada a literatura sul-riograndense sobre a micose e comentada a prevalência da infecção pela var. neoformans em pacientes sem doença predisponente nas regiões subtropicais.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1961-1995"
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Lang, Barbara. "Mythos Kreuzberg : Ethnographie eines Stadtteils : 1961-1995 /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Campus Verlag, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37122625d.
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Thompson, Bankole. "The constitutional history and law of Sierra Leone (1961-1995) /." Lanham (Md.) : University Press of America, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389022691.
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Del, Balso Michael. "Is Canada de-industrializing? : the industrial restructuring of the manufacturing sector, 1961-1995." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34519.
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This study assesses critically the conceptualisation and operationalisation of variants of the de-industrialization thesis that have been proposed in Canada, the United States, and United Kingdom. A series of operational measures are identified and then applied to the case of Canada to determine if it has been losing its manufacturing base. Long term data on employment, output, investment, and trade are examined for the manufacturing sector as a whole. Certain general trends are also contrasted with those of other G-7 countries. Further, the study considers trends in the major manufacturing industries (two digit SIC) and in the sub-industry groups: automotive, steel, and pulp and paper. The data are mainly from Statistics Canada publications and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The evidence runs counter to the expectations of the de-industrialization thesis. Canada's manufacturing base has generally grown.
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Araujo, Romilda Alves da Silva. "A CONGREGAÇÃO SÃO PEDRO AD VINCULA EM MARA ROSA GO (1961-1995): MEMÓRIAS E REPRESENTAÇÕES." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2235.
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Previous issue date: 2011-05-06<br>The research purpose was to analyze the Congregation of São Pedro Ad Vincula trajectory in
Mara Rosa-GO, which icon is the Priest Lorenzo Martinez Arias. This priest came to the town
of Mara Rosa in 1961 to take on the Santo Antônio de Pádua Parish (in Amaro Leite),
remaining in the position of vicar until his death, in 1995. It is worth noting that we searched
on Priest Lorenzo s mailing, the representations built by him around the people and place, as
well as around himself, his priesthood and the role he exercised. The sources used on the
research were: the data collection entitled Priest Lorenzo s writings , documents that belong
to the book tumble in the Santo Antônio Parish in Mara Rosa. We also used two small books
about the congregation history written by Ad Vincula priests. Another source was the
Congregation blog in Brazil. The results we reached made it possible to apprehend that priest
Lorenzo extended his role as the São Pedro Ad Vincula Congregation missionary beyond the
religious field. He exercised other activities as vicar. He was also near the local politics,
offering support and incentive on the realizations and projects that could bring benefits to
town and its people. And, at the same time, he was analyzing, arguing and, sometimes,
criticizing the government actions. He also appears involved on education. Firstly, on the
Congregation School and, after, on the public service as the Colégio Estadual Presidente
Castelo Branco principal. We concluded that the priest s realizations are fruit of his
comprehension on the role he had to fulfill as a missionary, regarding his congregation:
sacrifice himself for it. Which means, make it prosper in relation to the local people, bring
them some civility and make them participants of the Catholic Church. In the end, the
dedication with which he fulfills his mission can be understood as a consequence of the
representations he made about himself, and of its salvific mission: the congregation itself and
its souls<br>O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a trajetória da Congregação de São Pedro Ad Vincula
em Mara Rosa GO, cujo ícone é o Pe. Lorenzo Martinez Arias. Este padre chegou à cidade de
Mara Rosa em 1961 para assumir a Paróquia de Santo Antonio de Pádua (em Amaro Leite),
permanecendo na função de pároco até sua morte, ocorrida em 1995. Cabe ressaltar que
buscamos na correspondência do padre Lourenzo, as representações construídas por ele em
torno das pessoas e do lugar, bem como de si, seu sacerdócio e do papel que exerceu. As
fontes utilizadas na pesquisa foram: a coleção de documentos intitulada Escritos do Padre
Lourenzo , documentos pertencentes ao livro tombo na paróquia de Santo Antonio em Mara
Rosa. Também utilizamos dois pequenos livros sobre a história da congregação escrita por
padres Ad .Vincula. Outra fonte foi o blog da Congregação no Brasil. Os resultados aos quais
chegamos possibilitam apreender que padre Lourenzo estendeu seu papel como missionário
da Congregação de São Pedro Ad Vincula para além do campo religioso. Exerceu outras
atividades como Pároco. Esteve também próximo da política local, oferecendo apoio e
incentivo nas realizações e projetos que beneficiassem a cidade e seu povo. E, ao mesmo
tempo, analisando, discutindo e, às vezes, criticando ações do poder público. Também aparece
envolvido na educação. Primeiramente, na Escola da Congregação e, depois, no serviço
público como diretor do Colégio Estadual Presidente Castelo Branco. Chegamos à conclusão
de que as realizações do padre, são frutos de sua compreensão, sobre o papel que tem a
cumprir como missionário, em relação à sua congregação: sacrificar-se por ela. Ou seja, fazêla
prosperar em relação às pessoas do lugar; levar-lhes civilidade , e fazer-las partícipes da
igreja católica. Enfim, a dedicação com que cumpre sua missão, pode ser entendida como
conseqüência das representações que faz de si, e de sua missão salvífica: de almas e da
própria congregação.
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Darhouani, Lahcen. "Le rôle de l'État et l'impact du contexte islamique sur l'évolution du Crédit populaire du Maroc, 1961-1995." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq31703.pdf.
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Zielinski, Agata. "L'énigme du monde, un problème phénoménologique : lecture de M. Merleau-Ponty et E. Levinas." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010684.
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La prise au sérieux de l'énigme du monde (selon l'expression de Husserl) ne laisse pas indemne la démarche phénoménologique : Merleau-Ponty et Levinas, successeurs de Husserl, sont des représentants de ce mouvement. L'objectif de ce travail est de montrer en quoi les deux auteurs restent pour une part fidèles à l'intuition husserlienne (en reproduisant certains gestes caractéristiques de la phénoménologie), et comment la question d'une transcendance à partir du monde les amène cependant à se tourner vers d'autres horizons que la sphère transcendantale. La question du monde comme problème phénoménologique les conduit aux limites de la phénoménologie ; : c'est en effet le point où se nouent corporéité et altérite. Le corps et l'autre sont ces choses mêmes ; auxquelles le monde permet de retourner, suivant un processus de réduction qui produit un changement du sens de la constitution (le monde est à la fois constituant et constitué. Ce tournant survient à partir d'une critique convergente du solipsisme de la cinquième méditation cartésienne. La question du monde, inscrite dans l'histoire philosophique dont héritent les deux auteurs (1ere partie), devient description de l'être au monde ; et de la corporéité (IIème partie) faisant apparaitre des différences, notamment quant au sens nouveau accorde à la transcendance dans l'immanence (un sens d'indétermination) : pour Merleau-Ponty, il n'y a de transcendance que dans l'horizon du monde, alors que pour Levinas, la transcendance ne peut se donner dans les limites du monde, afin de rendre compte de l'incommensurable altérite d'autrui. L'énigme du monde se double ainsi du mystère d'autrui (IIIeme partie). La question des relations entre le sujet et autrui dans le monde prend alors la tournure de la responsabilité envers autrui et envers le monde. De l'énigme de l'évidence du monde, nous passons à la complexité du monde commun, la reprise de la réduction ouvrant des dimensions éthiques et politiques<br>Taking the enigma of the world; seriously - according to the wording of Husserl - does not leave the phenomenological process unscathed. Merleau-ponty and levinas, who followed Husserl's footsteps, are both representative of this movement. Our purpose is to demonstrate how both authors are in part faithful to Husserl's intuition when they reproduced some motions which are distinctive of phenomenology and yet how the question of the transcendance from the world led them to the limits other than the transcendantal sphere. The world as a phenomenological problem brought them to the limits of phenomenology ; (Merleau-Ponty). This is in fact where corporeity meets otherness. The body and the other are the things themselves ; to which the world may come back, according to a reduction process which inverts the direction of the constitution. The world is both constituting and constituted ; (levinas). This turning point is marked by a converging review of the solipsism ; found in the fifth cartesian meditation. The question of the world which belongs to the philosophical history inherited by both authors (1st part) becomes a description of being in the world ; and that of corporeity (2nd part). It shows differences between the two authors, in particular as regards the new meaning given to transcendance in immanence ; i. E. A meaning of indeterminism. For Merleau-Ponty, there is no transcendance out of the world whereas, for levinas, transcendance cannot be given within the limits of the world in order to account for the incommensurable alterity of the other. The enigma of the world ; is thus coupled with the mystery of the other (3rd part). The question of the connection between the subject and the other in the world then takes the shape of the responsability to the other and the world. From the enigma of the evidence of the world, we come to the complexity of the common world as its reduction opens up ethical and political dimensions
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Mombo, Charles Edgar. "Réception en France des romans d'Ahmadou Kourouma, Sony Labou Tansi et de Calixthe Beyala." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002212510204611&vid=upec.
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Étude de la réception en France des romans d'Ahmadou Kourouma, Sony Labou Tansi et Calixthe Beyala. A l'heure actuelle et en dépit de l'engouement que suscitent les romanciers négro-africains d'expression française, leur réception ne s'inscrit que timidement, voire impossible. Le fonctionnement de cette réception démontent tous les circuits inhérents à l'arrivée des écrivains en littérature, à leurs rapports (avec la langue française), à leur diffusion et à leur accueil dans tout ce qui constitue le circuit littéraire d'un texte. Les lieux de diffusion des textes, comme les universités et les bibliothèques ne favorisent pas cette réception. Encore moins la critique journalistique qui ne voit dans ces romans que l'exotisme, oubliant souvent leur fait spécifique. L'étude valorise ainsi ce qui semble répondre à l'accueil des romans de Kourouma, de Sony et de Beyala en France<br>Study of the reception in France of novels of Ahmadou Kourouma, Sony Labou Tansi and Calixthe Beyala. At present, in spite of the passion that aouse the African novelists of french expression, their reception is only registered timidly, even impossible. The operation of this reception dismounts all circuits inherent in the arrival of the writers in literature, with their relations (with french language), with their diffusion and their reception in all that constitutes the literary circuit of a text. The places of diffusion of the texts like the universities and the libraries do not support this recption. Even less the journalistic critics who see in these novels only exoticism, often forgetting their specific fact. The study develops thus what seems to answer the reception of Kourouma, Sony and Beyala en France
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Kobayashi, Toru. "Expérience et événement : le statut du corps chez Merleau-Ponty et Deleuze." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010608.
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La pensée du corps, que nous établissons principalement au croisement de Merleau-Ponty et Deleuze, nous conduit à la dimension productive de la Nature dans laquelle le corps vient se réhabiliter et institue le champ de l'expérience pour organiser le libre jeu des événements. La philosophie de la Nature conduit nécessairement la pensée phénoménologique à la limite, tout en renouvelant radicalement la pensée métaphysique qui se développe désormais en marge du monde sensible sans jamais le quitter. La notion merleau-pontienne de Chair et la notion deleuzienne de Corps sans organes jouent là un rôle définitif, en tant qu'elles tracent une ligne subtile de démarcation entre le champ vécu et la vitalité profonde qui le dépasse à l'infini. Dans la Nature profonde et sans fond, le corps se dépasse toujours lui-même. Le sens vital, appelé tantôt « auto-survol» tantôt « individuation », est non seulement un foyer de la biologie contemporaine, qui traite ce mouvement vital par la notion inventive de la Forme, mais aussi de la recherche esthétique sur l'énigme de l'expérience artistique, pour laquelle le problème de création ne fait qu'un avec la question du vivre. Nous aboutissons ainsi à la créativité absolument vitale, bien que presque mortelle, à la profondeur du corps vivant qui se perd et se retrouve dans l'obscurité hallucinatoire qui seule lui donne sens pour survivre.
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Lucero, Jorge Nicolás. "Nuevas perspectivas sobre el movimiento en la filosofía francesa : la reivindicación ontológica de M. Merleau-Ponty y G. Deleuze." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20070.
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Cette recherche analyse la revendication ontologique du mouvement autravers des philosophies de Maurice Merleau-Ponty et de Gilles Deleuze. Par«revendication ontologique» nous entendons, d’une part, que le mouvement estun sujet à part entière de la philosophie avant toute considération des sciencesspéciales, et d’une autre part, que cette perspective conçoit le mouvement danssa dimension d’être, c’est-à-dire hors le mouvement constitue la réalité en ellemêmeainsi que les conditions de l’espace et du temps, sans s’en subsumer.Tout au long de l’histoire, le mérite philosophique du mouvement a été ambigu,il a en même temps eu une signification fondamentale et souffert d’un dédainétonnant. Aristote a trouvé le mouvement à l’intérieur des choses, il proclamesa dimension ontologique et l’énonce comme le foyer de la nature dans toute sasplendeur. Or, la naissance de la science moderne et l’exigence de la dominationhumaine mène, à l’instar d’une nécessité historique, au remplacement duconcept ontologique du mouvement par un autre modèle éminemmentgéométrique, en transfigurant le mouvement dans un état sans processualité.Une revendication ontologique du mouvement vise donc à récupérer l’idéed’un mouvement-processus au coeur du réel, mais ceci ne signifie pas toutefoisrevendiquer l’aristotélisme. Contrairement à ceci, on affiche que Merleau-Pontyet Deleuze, sur un terrain déjà préparé par Bergson et par la phénoménologie,atteignent un concept ontologique du mouvement largement séparé des notionsaristotéliciennes et des modélisations anthropomorphiques, une séparation qui rend possible une méditation de la mobilité en tant que telle et qui convient à unephilosophie cosmologique. Ce travail contribue aussi à renforcer les étudescomparatives entre Merleau-Ponty et Deleuze, dont la littérature est vraimentmince et souvent réduite à une problématique spéciale. En revanche, onpropose dans ce travail un approchement par rapport aux projets ontologiqueset notamment par rapport à la question du mouvement<br>This work analyses the ontological vindication of motion towardsMerleau-Ponty and Deleuze’s philosophies. By “ontological vindication” weunderstand, firstly, that motion is an absolute philosophical subject before anyconsideration of the special sciences, and secondly, that this perspectiveexplains motion in its being’s dimension, that is to say motion constitutesreality creating space and time conditions without being subsumed to them.Throughout History, the philosophical importance of motion has beenambivalent, it has possessed a fundamental philosophical meaning at the sametime it has suffered and surprising disdain. Aristotle has found motion in theinnerness of things, proclaiming its ontological dimension and placing it in theheart of nature. Nevertheless, modern science, in search of nature’s domain,replaces the ontological value of motion with a geometrical model thatannihilates all processuality in the phenomenon. An ontological vindicationdesires to recover the idea of motion-process in the heart of reality, but withoutvindicate any aristotelianism. Thanks to Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze, we areable to propose an ontological motion beyond the Aristotelian categories andthe anthropomorphic models, which makes possible a meditation aboutmobility in itself and which is suitable to a cosmological philosophy. This workalso contributes to the studies between Merleau-Ponty and Deleuze, whoseliterature is barely absent and reduced to specials fields. On the contrary, wepropose an approach concerning to their ontological projects and, in particular,concerning to the question of motion
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Peddicord, Michael. "The effects of structural policies on terrorist incidents in democracies, 1975 to 1995." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6771.
Full textBooks on the topic "1961-1995"
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Rupp, Rebecca Ann. Treasury of Barbie doll accessories: 1961-1995. Hobby House Press, 1996.
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Suherman, E. Aneka masalah hukum kedirgantaraan: Himpunan makalah 1961-1995. Mandar Maju, 2000.
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Nositschka, Gudrun. Auf Wiedersehen in Leipzig: Deutsch-deutsche Freundschaften 1961-1995. Bouvier, 1995.
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Brown, Txarly. Achilibook: Biografía gráfica de la rumba en España 1961-1995. Editorial Milenio, 2013.
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Thompson, Bankole. The constitutional history and law of Sierra Leone (1961-1995). University Press of America, 1997.
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Baraka, Imamu Amiri. Transbluesency: The selected poems of Amiri Baraka/LeRoi Jones (1961-1995). Marsilio Publishers, 1995.
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Time out of mind: The diaries of Leonard Michaels, 1961-1995. Riverhead Books, 1999.
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Vega, Jorge de la. Jorge de la Vega: Obras 1961-1970, Buenos Aires, Octubre 1995. Centro Cultural Borges, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1961-1995"
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Pitjeva, E. V. "The Ephemerides of the Inner Planets from Spacecraft Range Data and Radar Observations 1961–1995." In Dynamics and Astrometry of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5534-2_33.
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"6. Growth of the Archdiocese (1961–1995)." In The Syriac Orthodox in North America (1895–1995). Gorgias Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463240387-011.
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"Kapitel 5. Das Modell in der Krise: die Gegenwart [1961-1995]." In Der Wille zur Nation. Vervuert Verlagsgesellschaft, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783964564528-006.
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Karydaki, Danae. "A Greek Neverland: the history of the Leros asylums’ inmates with intellectual disability (1958–95)." In Intellectual Disability in the Twentieth Century. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447344575.003.0006.
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Drawing on unexplored archives and oral testimonies, this chapter aims to trace and historicize the practices and policies towards people with intellectual disability on the Greek island of Leros. Two institutions that accommodated people with intellectual disability, the Leros Psychiatric Hospital and the Leros PIKPA asylum, were established on Leros in 1958 and 1961, respectively. The author focuses on the period between the establishment of the institutions and 1995, when the first attempt for the deinstitutionalisation of the Leros asylums was completed. The chapter emphasises the ways in which people with intellectual disabilities were mistreated and socially excluded by being abandoned to live under inhumane living conditions on a remote island while being, at the same time, infantilised in the discourse of mental health professionals, policymakers, andfellow inmates. Hence, not only does this paper shed light on an issue largely neglected by historians but also attempts to complement an international perspective of the history of intellectual disability.
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Brumm, Virdette L. "Phenylketonuria." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0042.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent disorder of amino acid metabolism. First described by Fölling in 1934, PKU is an autosomal recessive disorder involving mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene, which inhibits the normal metabolism of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in all proteins (Scriver et al. 2001). As a result, phenylalanine cannot be converted into tyrosine and accumulates in the blood and other tissues in untreated patients on a normal diet (Huijbregts et al. 2003; Pietz et al. 1998). The degree of impairment varies significantly among patients, resulting in a broad continuum of phenotypes (NIH Consensus Development Conference Report 2001). Phenylketonuria is the most common biochemical cause of mental retardation (Scriver et al. 1995). When untreated, increased phenylalanine concentrations in blood and tissues and low to normal tyrosine concentrations result in severe mental and neurological retardation (Scriver et al. 1995). In 1953, a treatment was discovered by Horst Bickel and his colleagues in England (Bickel et al. 1953). The treatment has become a standard of care and is based on a phenylalanine-restricted diet that consists of severe restriction of natural protein supplemented with all amino acids, except phenylalanine, to compensate for the shortage of amino acids through regular protein intake (Huijbregts et al. 2003). The work of Bickel and his colleagues proved that excessive phenylalanine resulted in neurological problems and that dietary treatment was beneficial. Patients with both classical and less severe forms of PKU require dietary protein restriction to prevent neurological sequelae and to ensure normal cognitive development. The first newborn screening program began in 1961 and initial results were reported by Guthrie and Susi (1963). The Guthrie bacterial assay for the filter paper blood test made it possible to identify PKU from a drop of blood from the heel of a newborn within the first days of life. It was then possible to begin treatment and thereby prevent mental retardation. Today, laws mandating newborn screening are in place in North American and Europe.
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Reilly, Judy, and Philip Lai. "Williams Syndrome." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0031.
Full textAbstract:
Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder stemming from a hemizygous deletion of about 20–28 genes from chromosome band 7.11.23q (Ewart et al. 1993) including the gene for elastin. Early estimates of incidence proposed 1 in 20,000 live births (Greenberg 1989), but current estimates are 1 in 7,500 (Stromme, Bjornstad, and Ramstad 2002). Williams syndrome was first recognized by a pediatrician, Dr. JCP Williams in 1961, who described a group of children with “elfin facies” and supravalvular aortic stenosis (Williams, Barratt-Boyes, and Lowe 1961). Shortly thereafter, Dr. Alois Beuren (1962) identified another group of children with similar features, including an intolerance to calcium. As such, this syndrome has also been called Williams-Beuren syndrome or infantile hypercalcemia. The early descriptions of children and adolescents with WS noted a set of characteristic facial and behavioral features: “an unusual command of language combined with an unexpectedly polite, gentle and open manner” (von Armin and Engel 1964). Twenty years later, WS caught the interest of cognitive scientists when it was seen as a possible case of spared language in the face of impaired cognition (Bellugi, Sabo, and Vaid 1988; Bellugi, Wang, and Jernigan 1994). The early studies noted that, in spite of IQs ranging from 40–70, with an average full-scale IQ of 55 (Bellugi et al. 2001) and significantly impaired visuospatial cognition, adolescents with WS had excellent language skills (Bellugi, Lai, and Wang 1997; Reilly, Klima, and Bellugi 1990). In the ensuing 20 years, recognizing WS as a unique opportunity to investigate genetic influences on brain development and cognitive and social processes, investigators have approached the puzzles of WS from multiple perspectives. In this chapter, we provide an overview of WS, focusing on its cognitive and neuropsychological profile from a developmental perspective and where known, the possible neural and genetic underpinnings of the WS profile. We close with a brief discussion of therapeutic interventions for WS. The WS deletion invariably includes the gene for elastin (ELN), which codes for an elastic protein in connective tissue that is abundant in large blood vessels such as the aorta (Lowery et al. 1995).
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Tilman, David. "Interspecific competition and multispecies coexistence." In Theoretical Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199209989.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Interspecific competition is an interaction in which species inhibit each other such that increased abundance of one species leads to lower growth rates of the other species. Numerous field studies have shown that interspecific competition is a major force determining species abundances for a wide variety of taxa in many different ecosystems (Harper, 1977; Tilman, 1982; Connell, 1983; Schoener, 1983; Aarssen and Epp, 1990; Goldberg and Barton, 1992; Casper and Jackson, 1997; Miller et al., 2005). Predator–prey interactions can also be of simultaneous importance in determining the abundances and dynamics of species (e.g. Sih et al., 1986), as can host–pathogen interactions (e.g. Hassell and Anderson, 1989; Hochberg et al., 1990; Dobson and Crawley, 1995; Mitchell and Powers, 2003) and mutualistic interactions (e.g. Kawanabe et al., 1993; Richardson et al., 2000; Stachowicz, 2001). Although this chapter focuses on competition, all types of interaction operate simultaneously in nature. Much of the early and continuing interest in competition has centered on how so many competing species coexist. G.E. Hutchinson (1959, 1961) posed the paradox of the plankton, asking how 30 or more species of algae could coexist in a few milliliters of lake or ocean water when there were only one, two, or three limiting resources and when the open waters of lakes and oceans were so homogeneous because of wind-driven mixing. Theory predicted that no more species could coexist than there were limiting factors or resources (e.g. MacArthur and Levins, 1964; Levin, 1970; Armstrong and McGehee, 1980). The same paradox occurred for terrestrial plants and animals. The Earth’s 250 000 species of vascular plants compete for a few limiting factors (usually a subset of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, water, and light).Alarge part of their diversity can, of course, be explained by the heterogeneity seen along major continental-scale and smaller-scale spatial gradients (Tilman, 1988). Expressed another way, these 250 000 vascular species are spread among perhaps 50 different biomes that occur in each of the five major biogeographic realms of Earth. One might expect different species in different biomes because of their differing climates.
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Van de Noort, Robert. "An archaeological theory of the sea." In North Sea Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199566204.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the wealth of information available on the North Sea, surprisingly few archaeologists have set out to study how people related to and connected to this sea, and other seas, in the past. In fact, we can distinguish four established traditions in archaeological research of the sea, all of which originated in the 20th century. First, many (or most) land-locked archaeologists working on any side of the North Sea have simply disregarded the sea itself, seeing it merely as the natural boundary of their study areas rather than considering its role in any significant way. At best, they are seeing the sea from the land, without genuinely engaging with it (cf. Cooney 2003: 323), although the panorama is slowly changing (e.g. cf. Bradley 1984 with Bradley 2007). Second, there are those archaeologists with an interest in long-distance exchange and exotic objects, who focused initially on the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods but have also been concerned, in more recent decades, with the early medieval period. Although these archaeologists have recognized the seas as conduits of long-distance exchange, they have rarely questioned how the practice of travel across the sea impacted on the social products of such exchange (e.g. Butler 1963, O’Connor 1980, Bradley 1984, Clarke, Cowie, and Foxon 1985, for the Neolithic and early Bronze Age; Hodges 1982, Loveluck and Tys 2006, for the early medieval period). Third, a group of archaeologists have studied the exploitation of the sea, especially for fish and salt, and the occupation and the reclamation of the edges of the sea in the Roman period and afterwards; but these studies have generally not strayed beyond the functional utilization of the sea and coast both for food and for land for food production (e.g. Clark 1961; Van den Broeke 1985; Andersen 1995, 2007; Rippon 2000; Smart 2003; Milner et al. 2004; De Kraker and Borger 2007). And fourth, maritime archaeologists’ focus has been on ships and waterside structures directly relating to shipping activities, but the development of a fuller appreciation of the significance of the sea and seafaring to past societies remains something of a distant aspiration (e.g. Ellmers 1972; McGrail 2003: 1).
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Orr, David W. "Ideasclerosis." In The Nature of Design. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148558.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
The time between innovations in technology and new products introduced into markets has steadily declined so that what had once taken decades has been reduced to months or a few weeks. As a result, we now have less time than ever to consider the effects of various innovations or systems of technologies on any number of other things, including our longer-term prospects. Contrast this pace, driven by the frenetic search for profit or power, with the rate of innovation in those things that would accrue to our long-term ecological health. This difference captures an important dimension of the problem of human survival in the twenty-first century. While we introduce new computing equipment every few months, we still farm in ignorance of Charles Darwin and Albert Howard. Land-use thinking has barely begun to reckon with the thought of Aldo Leopold. After hundreds of studies on the potential for energy efficiency, our use of fossil energy, if somewhat more efficient, continues unabated. In short, innovations that produce fast wealth, whatever their ecological or human effects or impact on long-term prosperity, move ever more quickly from inception to market, while those having to do with human survival move at a glacial pace if they move at all. Why? One possibility is that we are buried in an avalanche of information and can no longer separate the critically important from that which is trivial or perhaps even dangerous. This is certainly true, but it still does not explain why some kinds of ideas move quickly while others are ignored. Exhausted by consumption and saturated by entertainment, perhaps we have become merely “a nation of nitwits” (Herbert 1995) no longer willing or able to do the hard work of thinking about serious things. “The American citizen,” Daniel Boorstin once wrote, “lives in a world where fantasy is more real than reality” (Boorstin [1961] 1978, 37). A casual survey of talk radio, television programs, and World Wrestling Federation events would lead one to believe this to be true as well. But, again, it does not explain why ecologically important ideas fail to excite us as much as contrived ones. Maybe the problem lies in the political arena, now dominated by wealthy corporations.
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Evans, Christopher. "Archaeology against the State: Roots of Internationalism (1995)." In Histories of Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199550074.003.0014.
Full textAbstract:
From World Heritage Sites to World Systems, global perspectives have come to play a dominant role in archaeology. The proliferation of variously ‘world’ entitled journals and the publication of the many volumes that are the proceedings of the 1986 World Archaeological Congress (One World Archaeology) attest to the prominence of the idea of a world archaeology/prehistory. There is a tendency to place the birth of this highly influential concept some time in the 1960s, the decade of emotive satellite imagery of the planet and McLuhan’s ‘global village’. Capturing the public spirit, ‘world’ projects featured in United Nations/UNESCO and environmental initiatives of the 1980s. Interrelating the global and local, the very big and small, by transcending or bringing pressure to bear upon the ‘middle’—the nation—‘One World’ is a compelling and apt contemporary ideology. It has come to supersede ‘united nations’, whatever the basis of their unity, inasmuch as it suggests the possibility of a world without borders. This chapter explores the roots of this recent archaeological internationalism, postulating that its origins, at least in part, lie in late/ post-Second World War reactions to nationalist archaeologies of the 1930s. Marking a watershed for the discipline, this reorientation was largely determined by the question of the role of the state and encouraged by the promise of objective archaeological science. The ‘state’ issue, much to the fore in the 1930s and 1940s, is still of relevance. It reflects, for example, upon recent declarations of politically motivated archaeologies and the awareness of practice in relation to local/indigenous, national, and international concerns. ‘The world’ and its many pasts is a (too) vast arena. This study is concerned only with the formulation of an international perspective in British archaeology. Narrowing the focus even further, it specifically considers the ‘announcement’ of this concept within a conference held in London in the late war years by Grahame Clark and his subsequent fostering of a global archaeological programme in the decades preceding the publication of World Prehistory in 1961. Finally, comparison is made between Clark’s ‘project’ and the avowedly political agenda of latter-day (One) World Archaeology.
Conference papers on the topic "1961-1995"
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Schmid, Peter, and Emmanuel de Langre. "Transient Growth Before Coupled-Mode Flutter." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32200.
Full textAbstract:
Transient growth of energy is known to occur even in stable dynamical systems due to the non-normality of the underlying linear operator. This has been the object of growing attention in the field of hydrodynamic stability, where linearly stable flows may be found to be strongly nonlinearly unstable as a consequence of transient growth. We apply these concepts to the generic case of coupled-mode flutter, which is a mechanism with important applications in the field of fluid-structure interactions. Using numerical and analytical approaches on a simple system with two degrees of freedom and anti-symmetric coupling we show that the energy of such a system may grow by a factor of more than 10, before the threshold of coupled-mode flutter is crossed. This growth is a simple consequence of the non-orthogonality of modes arising from the non-conservative forces. These general results are then applied to three cases in the field of flow-induced vibrations: (a) panel flutter (two-degrees-of-freedom model, as used by Dowell (1995)), (b) follower force (two-degrees-of-freedom model as used by Bamberger (1981)), and (c) fluid-conveying pipes (two-degree-of-freedom model, as used by Benjamin (1961) and Paidoussis (1998)), for different mass ratios. For these three cases we show that the magnitude of transient growth of mechanical energy before the onset of coupled-mode flutter is substantial enough to cause a significant discrepancy between the apparent threshold of instability and the one predicted by linear stability theory.
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McDonald, Colin F. "The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-262.
Full textAbstract:
This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.