Academic literature on the topic '1970-2020'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic '1970-2020.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "1970-2020"
1
Streuff, Jan, Antonio M. Echavarren, José Manuel González, et al. "Kilian Muñiz (1970–2020)." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 20 (2020): 7720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202004481.
Full text
2
Streuff, Jan, Antonio M. Echavarren, José Manuel González, et al. "Kilian Muñiz (1970–2020)." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 20 (2020): 7648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004481.
Full text
3
Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur. "Jöklabreytingar (Glacier variations) 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2020 og 2020–2021." Jökull 72, no. 1 (2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2022.72.071o.
Full textAbstract:
Sjálfboðaliðar félagsins fóru til sporðamælinga á haustmánuðum 2021. Alls bárust upplýsingar frá rúmlega 30 sporðamælistöðum. Langflestir sporðar hopa og er hörfunin mest á Tungnaárjökli og austanverðum Skeiðarárjökli þar sem hluti af sporðunum hefur losnað frá og hafa þeir hvor um sig styst um 400 m þar sem mælilínan liggur. Sporðlónin framan jöklanna valda erfiðleikum við mælingar eins og undanfarin ár.
4
Saunders, H. Mark. "Wencke du Plessis (1970–2020)." Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound 61, no. 6 (2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vru.12904.
Full text
5
Nofero, Hardian, and Najmi Najmi. "Perusahaan Bus A.N.S (1970-2020)." Jurnal Kronologi 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jk.v4i1.313.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang sejarah perusahaan bus A.N.S dalam bidang transportasi angkutan darat, termasuk salah satu perusahaan otobus terbesar di Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian sejarah dengan langkah yaitu: heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perusahaan bus ANS didirikan oleh H. Anas St. Jamaris sejak tahun 1970, perusahaan milik keluarga mampu bertahan dan eksis saat ini. Sebelumnya nama bus ini adalah Sangsaka dan Pantjabakti. Perkembangan perusahaan bus ANS mengalami tiga tahap, Awal berdiri (1970-1975), Masa berkembang (1975-1998), Masa strategi pelayanan (1998-2020). Pada tahun 1998 perusahaan mengalami pasang surut saat krisis moneter, Sehingga tarif angkutan dan suku cadang semakin mahal, tarif pesawat murah awal tahun 2000, kemunculan angkutan travel dan minibus. Akibatnya penumpang beralih kepada angkutan travel dan pesawat terbang karena lebih efisien. Tahun 2018 H. Anas St. Jamaris sebagai pimpinan mengembangkan perusahaan dengan cara melakukan peremajaan unit bus, membeli unit bus baru dan sistem pembelian tiket bus secara online. Seiring berjalannya waktu H. Anas St. Jamaris melebarkan sayap usahanya, usaha tersebut diantaranya SPBU dan Hotel.
 
6
Hannesdóttir, Hrafnhildur. "Jöklabreytingar 1930–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2019 og 2019–2020." Jökull 71, no. 71 (2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33799/jokull2021.71.115.
Full textAbstract:
Sjálfboðaliðar félagsins fóru til mælinga síðastliðið haust en þó nokkrir komust ekki til að mæla vegna tilmæla sóttvarnaryfirvalda um að ferðast ekki á milli landshluta á haustmánuðum. Alls bárust upplýsingar frá tæplega 40 sporðamælistöðum. Langflestir sporðar hopa og er hörfunin mest á Síðujökli og austanverðum Breiðamerkurjökli eða í kringum 200 m. Hins vegar mælist framgangur á örfáum sporðum í sunnnanverðum Vatnajökli, sem nú er auðvelt að bera saman við hraðasviðsmyndir úr gervitunglagögnum.
7
Данилевич, М. В., О. В. Романчук, Р. С. Коваль та Н. О. Федчишин. "РОЗВИТОК КІНЕЗІТЕРАПІЇ У ФРАНЦІЇ (1970–2020)". Медична освіта, № 1 (20 квітня 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/me.2414-5998.2021.1.11967.
Full textAbstract:
У статті проаналізовано розвиток кінезітерапії у Франції з 1970 до 2020 р. Наукову новизну роботи пояснюємо фактором того, що до сьогодні історія кінезітерапії у Франції не привертала уваги українських науковців, навіть не зважаючи на той факт, що якість надання медичних та реабілітаційних послуг у системі охорони здоровʼя цієї держави вважають однією з найвищих у світі.
 У результаті проведеного аналізу виявлено, що у 80-х та 90-х роках ХХ століття відбувалося вдосконалення системи підготовки фахівців з кінезітерапії. У цей час було уточнено понятійно-категоріальний апарат, запропоновано визначення професійних дій, технік, методик; окреслено повноваження й обовʼязки кінезітерапевтів; запроваджено диплом працівника медичної сфери, спільний для багатьох парамедичних професій.
 Зазначено, що у 2002 р. спеціальною постановою пацієнтам був наданий доступ до їхньої історії хвороби. У 2006 р. регламентовано перелік медичних засобів, які масажисти-кінезітерапевти можуть використовувати, засновано Національне обʼєднання масажистів-кінезітерапевтів. У 2008 р. був прийнятий, а у 2020 р. доповнений Кодекс деонтології у кінезітерапії.
 Реформа системи підготовки масажистів-кінезітерапевтів розпочинається з 2015 р. зміною тривалості навчання з трьох на чотири роки, не враховуючи однорічний курс, спільний для всіх, хто навчається на медичних спеціальностях, а оцінка частини модулів здійснюється в університетах.
 Інститути, які провадять підготовку фахівців галузі, сьогодні вводять доказову практику, що має на меті набуття необхідних компетенцій для пошуку теоретичної та клінічної інформації, її оцінювання щодо доцільності подальшого використання у професійній діяльності. У галузі починають активно застосовуватися цифрові технології. Політика у сфері охорони здоровʼя і новітні технології зумовили обовʼязкове ведення професійної документації, зокрема інформаційної картки пацієнта, яка вважається параметром якості та безпеки, і дозволяє повністю відслідковувати всі надані пацієнту медичні послуги.
 На сьогодні у Франції функціонує ціла низка організацій, робота яких стосується професійної діяльності масажистів-кінезітерапевтів. У 2016 р. запропоновано нове визначення галузі, однак тривають дискусії стосовно найменування самої сфери, ролі масажиста-кінезітерапевта, його співпраці з іншими фахівцями.
8
Fyson, Donald, Karine Hébert, and Cynthia Kelly. "In Memoriam Jarrett Rudy (1970-2020)." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 73, no. 4 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071203ar.
Full text
9
Streuff, Jan, Claas Hövelmann, and Alvaro Iglesias. "Nachruf auf Kilian Muniz (1970 ‐ 2020)." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 68, no. 7-8 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20204099935.
Full text
10
Mantala–Bozos, Kalli. "Dr Kalli Mantala–Bozos 1970–2020." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 338 (2021): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2021.1.338.11.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "1970-2020"
1
BOURDEAU, BEATRICE. "Evolution du parc automobile francais entre 1970 et 2020." Chambéry, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CHAMS028.
Full textAbstract:
Pour pallier l'absence de statistiques rigoureuses concernant la nature du parc automobile en france et dans le but d'effectuer des inventaires precis d'emissions de polluants par les transports routiers, nous avons mis au point un modele informatique de calcul du parc a partir de donnees reelles. Il nous permet d'evaluer le parc statique (vehicules qui existent) a partir des immatriculations de vehicules neufs et de leur rythme de vieillissement, et le parc roulant (vehicules qui circulent) en tenant compte des usage de ces vehicules. Connues pour le passe et le present, ces donnees ont ete extrapolees pour le futur afin de pouvoir modeliser le parc entre 1970 et 2020. L'interet principal de notre demarche est de mettre en evidence les diverses evolutions technologiques du parc automobile et des trafics en etudiant precisement la nature des vehicules immatricules neufs sur notre territoire. Le parc statique des vehicules particuliers et des vehicules utilitaires legers est constamment croissant entre 1970 et 2020. Celui des poids lourds, suite a de fortes diminutions des immatriculations a certaines epoques, oscille sans augmenter tres nettement. Les circulations sur l'ensemble du territoire et sur tous les reseaux (en ville, sur route ou sur autoroute) se sont considerablement developpes depuis 1970, combinant a la fois l'accroissement des effectifs et des usages des vehicules, ainsi que la longueur du reseau dans le cas de l'autoroute sur laquelle la circulation augmente particulierement pendant les 50 annees d'etude.
2
Pinzoni, Enrico <1996>. "Critica dantesca contemporanea. Dieci studi per mezzo secolo (1970-2020)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19697.
Full textAbstract:
Dopo una breve introduzione alla critica dantesca dell'ultimo cinquantennio, di essa sarà analizzato un campione di dieci monografie notevoli di altrettanti autori, composte in quest'arco di tempo e divenute fondamentali o di grande importanza all'interno degli studi di dantistica: "Studi su Dante", di Erich Auerbach (1963); "Un'idea di Dante. Saggi danteschi", di Gianfranco Contini (1976); "La poesia della 'Divina Commedia'", di Charles S. Singleton (1978); "Dante filosofo e poeta", di Rocco Montano; "Dante. La poetica della conversione", di John Freccero (1986); "La 'Commedia' senza Dio. Dante e la creazione di una realtà virtuale", di Teodolinda Barolini (2003); "Human Vices and Human Worth in Dante's 'Comedy'", di Patrick Boyde (2000); "La nobiltà di Dante", di Umberto Carpi (2004); "L'io e il mondo. Un'interpretazione di Dante", di Marco Santagata (2011); "Qualche idea su Dante", di Mirko Tavoni (2015). Per ciascun volume si fornirà una schedatura di indice e schema, di tesi espresse e percorsi esplorati, e di un elenco ragionato di recensioni e di citazioni ricevute.
3
Villain, Victor. "Sociologie du champ de la construction en terre crue en France (1970-2020)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2067.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement de la construction écologique participe à la légitimation de l’emploi des matériaux de construction pouvant alimenter la lutte contre le changement climatique. Parmi ces matériaux, la terre crue demeure peu investie en comparaison de matériaux biosourcés tels que le bois ou la paille. Alors que l’emploi de la terre était historiquement répandu en France, les procédés de construction qui lui incombent (bauge, pisé, torchis, adobe) ont été destitués au cours des XIXème et XXème siècles. Pourtant, depuis environ cinq décennies, un champ de la construction en terre participe à faire la promotion de ce matériau. Dans cette recherche, il s’agit de montrer comment le champ de la construction en terre a pris forme et quelle forme il a prise en analysant les formes d’intérêt historiquement variables pour la construction en terre qu’exige le champ et qu’engagent les agents, c’est-à-dire de dialectiser l’histoire du champ et l’histoire sociale incorporée des agents qui s’investissent pour entretenir et actualiser l’histoire sociale réifiée de la construction en terre crue. Cela permet aussi d’analyser les conditions sociales de possibilité d’un développement de la construction en terre crue en France, notamment pour mesurer les conditions sociales de possibilité d’une transformation de la construction conventionnelle pour participer à une transformation du monde social favorable à la lutte contre le changement climatique. Cette thèse s’appuie sur différents matériaux empiriques (entretiens, archives, observations ethnographiques, statistiques) et mobilise la sociologie des champs pour analyser les relations objectives entre les champs et les agents engagés dans le champ de la construction en terre crue, qui varient selon les luttes internes et externes au champ, notamment par l’action publique qui contribue à définir son autonomie et ses rapports de subordination. Cette recherche fait l’hypothèse que le champ de la construction en terre est un champ de forces qui est au principe de luttes économique et politique pour le maintenir ou le transformer, notamment en orientant l’action publique, afin que les agents qui y sont engagés puissent, selon ce qui est en leur pouvoir, actualiser ou créer les conditions les plus favorables à leur accomplissement, c’est-à-dire à l’ajustement de leurs dispositions à leurs conditions d’existence. La première partie de la thèse aborde la genèse du champ de la construction en terre crue en montrant comment, de l’émergence à la dissolution sociale de la bauge dans l’espace rural breton et du pisé de terre dans l’espace urbain lyonnais, la construction en terre est réinvestie à l’échelle nationale à partir des années 1970 et conduit à l’autonomisation du champ au cours des années 1980. La deuxième partie s’attache à décrire l’activité économique de la construction en terre. Il s’agit de s’intéresser, d’une part, à la structure des professionnels de la construction en terre et à leur prise de position économique et, d’autre part, à caractériser socialement les particuliers qui habitent dans une maison en terre construite ces dernières décennies à travers leur position sociale, leur trajectoire résidentielle et les stratégies résidentielles qu’ils mettent en œuvre. La troisième partie s’attache plus particulièrement à la lutte politique des agents engagés dans le champ pour maintenir ou transformer son principe de vision. En abordant l’institutionnalisation de la construction écologique comme catégorie de l’action publique, il s’agit d’étudier l’appropriation de cette catégorie par les agents à travers la lutte qu’ils mènent pour faire voir et valoir leur principe de vision au sein du champ<br>The development of green building contributes to the legitimation of the use of construction materials that can take part in the fight against climate change. Among these materials, raw earth remains little invested in comparison with bio-based materials such as wood or straw. While the use of land was historically widespread in France, the construction processes incumbent on it (cob, rammed earth, mud, adobe) were removed during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, for about five decades, a field of earthen construction has been involved in promoting this material. In this research, it’s about to show how the field of earthen construction has taken shape and what form it has taken by analyzing the historically variable forms of interest for earthen construction that the field requires and that the agents invest, that is to dialectize the history of the field and the incorporated social history of the agents who invest themselves in maintaining and updating the reified social history of earthen construction. This also makes it possible to analyze the social conditions of possibility of a development of earthen construction in France, in particular to measure the social conditions of possibility of a transformation of conventional construction to participate in a transformation of the social world favorable to the fight against climate change. This thesis is based on different empirical materials (interviews, archives, ethnographic observations, statistics) and mobilizes the sociology of fields to analyze the objective relationships between the fields and the agents involved in the field of earthen construction, which vary according to internal and external struggles in the field, in particular through public action which participates to define its autonomy and its relations of subordination. This research hypothesizes that the field of earthen construction is a field of forces which is at the base of economic and political struggles to maintain or transform it, in particular by orienting public action, so that the agents who are there committed can, according to what is in their power, actualize or create the most favorable conditions for their accomplishment, that is to say for the adjustment of their dispositions to their conditions of existence. The first part of the thesis is interested in the genesis of the field of earthen construction by showing how, from the emergence to the social dissolution of the cob in the Breton rural space and the rammed earth in the urban space of Lyon, earthen construction was reinvested nationally from the 1970s and led to the autonomy of the field in the 1980s. The second part attempts to describe the economic activity of earthen construction. The focus is, on the one hand, in the structure of earth construction professionals and their economic strategies and, on the other hand, in socially characterizing the agents who live in a earthen house built in recent decades through their social position, their residential trajectory and the residential strategies they implement. The third part focuses more particularly on the political struggle of the agents engaged in the field to maintain or transform its principle of vision. By approaching the institutionalization of ecological construction as a category of public action, it’s about of studying the appropriation of this category by the agents through the struggle they lead to make see and assert their principle of vision within the field
4
Colange, Céline. "Réalignements et désalignements du vote en France : 1981-2005." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL553.
Full textAbstract:
"Dans un contexte souvent affirmé de "nationalisation" des comportements électoraux, les cartes de la géographie des votes à l'issue des scrutins récents, traduisent une nette réorganisation de la répartition des suffrages. A un désalignement sur les clivages régionaux ou sociologiques traditionnels selon le rapport gauche / droite, succède un réalignement partisan lié à l'opposition rural-urbain. Cette thèse insiste sur la forte structuration socio-spatiale des votes, notamment ceux en faveur des nouveaux partis (nationalistes, souverainistes, écologistes, ruralistes. . . ) qui ont construit leur identité et leur discours en référence à un concept territorial. Notre problématique consiste à appréhender les évolutions récentes de la carte électorale française à une échelle géographique fine: le canton et la commune. Cette démarche est novatrice car elle permet de faire le lien avec les variables sociales mais aussi de mettre en évidence différents effets spatiaux imperceptibles à l'échelle du département ou de la circonscription. En conciliant l'approche écologique ainsi que les méthodes et les outils de la géographie quantitative et de l'analyse spatiale, cette étude propose quelques pistes de réflexion pour comprendre la forte territorialisation des votes observée en France. "<br>In an often marked context of "nationalization" of the electoral behaviour, the mapping of the votes at the end of the recent polls, translate a clear reorganization of the distribution of the votes. To a misalignment on traditional regional or sociological cleavages based upon left force / right forces opposition succeeded realignment in favour related to the regional or sociological opposition. This research emphasizes the strong socio-spatial structure of the voting behaviour with a particular focus on those in favour of new political parties who are building their identity and their speech in reference to a territorial concept. Our problematic consist to dread the recent evolutions of the French electoral map to a fine geographic scale: the canton and the municipality. This innovative method allows to make the link with the social data but also to place in prominent position various imperceptible spatial effects on the scale of the department or of the country. By reconciling the ecological approach as well as the methods and the tools of the quantitative geography anf the spatial analysis, this study proposes some tracks of reflection to understand the strong territorialization of the votes observed in France
5
Bermúdez, González María Antonia. "El proyecto intelectual de la narrativa nicaragüense: de la utopía a la paradoja (1970-2020)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672522.
Full textAbstract:
El campo cultural nicaragüense se desarrolla en una modernidad dependiente en donde conviven formas económicas y sociales pre-modernas y modernas, hecho que sitúa a la sociedad en la paradoja de convivir entre dos mundos, el de la aldea global posmoderna y el de la local, periférica, alejada de las metrópolis rectoras de los hábitos, gustos, y modas culturales. Ello genera la carencia de una cultura democrática que facilita la instauración de regímenes de carácter dictatorial frente a los cuales los intelectuales han de tomar posición: en la medida en que la coyuntura se aboca a una situación límite, mayor es la responsabilidad de los escritores y artistas, que, ejerciendo una actitud crítica, se comprometen en aras de exigir justicia y libertad. En el ejercicio de la cultura de la resistencia, las formas narrativas expresan las contradicciones vitales del ser humano y la búsqueda permanente de la comprensión de la evolución social e histórica del país.<br>The Nicaraguan cultural field develops in a dependent modernity where pre-modern and modern economic and social forms coexist, which places society in the paradox of coexisting between two worlds, that of the global postmodern village and that of the local, peripheral, away from the governing metropolises of cultural habits, tastes, and fashions. This generates the lack of a democratic culture that facilitates the establishment of dictatorial regimes which intellectuals have to take a position against: to the extent that conjuncture reaches an extreme situation, the greater the responsibility of writers and artists who, exercising a critical attitude, commit themselves in order to demand justice and freedom. In the exercise of the culture of resistance, narrative forms express the vital contradictions of the human being and the permanent search for the understanding of social and historical evolution of the country.
6
FERRARI, SIMONE. "LOS DERROTEROS DEL PALABRANDAR. ESCRITURAS DE RESISTENCIA DESDE EL PUEBLO NASA EN COLOMBIA (1970-2020)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/818905.
Full textAbstract:
Nel corso degli ultimi cinquant’anni (1970-2020), le comunità indigene nasa del Dipartimento del Cauca (Colombia) si sono confrontate con processi necropolitici di segregazione territoriale e di violenza sistemica (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), alimentati dalla secolare problematica del mancato riconoscimento delle terre ancestrali, dal conflitto armato interno colombiano, dall’attività delle transnazionali estrattiviste che operano nella regione e dalla proliferazione della problematica del narcotraffico (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). Per fronteggiare questi radicati dispositivi di espropiazione, violenza e silenziamento etnico, la popolazione nasa ha progressivamente riconfigurato le strategie di difesa della propria autonomia culturale e politica (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016).
Nel quadro continentale del consolidamento organizzato delle rivendicazioni indigene, culminato nell’ultimo decennio del XX secolo nella cosiddetta emergencia indígena (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), le comunità nasa hanno plasmato modalità di resistenza multidimensionali, dove la tradizionale difesa pacifica dei confini territoriali è stata accompagnata da impulsi alla tutela dei propri spazi del sapere. Nel corso degli ultimi due decenni si sono strutturate strategie di salvaguardia dell’identità culturale comunitaria fondate sull’idea della custodia del “territorio dell’immaginario” (Almendra, 2017) dai dispositivi di invasione discorsiva e simbolica propri del necropotere (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): un meccanismo di protezione di epistemologie, cosmovisioni, lingua e spiritualità nasa, attuato a partire dalla delineazione di una nuova concezione autonoma della parola, tanto nell’esperienza dell’oralità come nelle sue espressioni scritte (Escobar, 2016).
In questo contesto di studio, la tesi investiga un corpus di scritture realizzate da membri delle comunità indigene nasa in epoca contemporanea (1970-2020). La ricerca propone un’interpretazione della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, elaborata nell’ambito delle epistemologie nasa, come strumento ermeneutico centrale per la comprensione delle scritture analizzate e degli attuali immaginari di resistenza della popolazione caucana. La proposta del palabrandar si configura nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) della scrittrice di etnia nasa-misak Vilma Almendra Quiguanás come una modalità autonoma di riflessione sull’esercizio della parola, concepita in una relazione di interdipendenza ontologica con l’azione di beneficio per la comunità (Almendra, 2017).
La ricerca è strutturata in due tappe. Nei primi due capitoli si propone uno sguardo di analisi diacronico del processo di costituzione del prisma epistemologico della nozione-pratica del palabrandar, a partire dallo studio della produzione scritta di due autori nasa: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) e Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). Gli scritti del sacerdote cattolico di etnia nasa Ulcué Chocué, parzialmente inediti, sono interpretati come antecedente fondamentale della concezione autonoma della parola configurata nel testo Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. Nel corso dell’analisi, si suggerisce una collocazione delle connotazioni epistemiche del palabrandar all’interno di una cartografia gnoseologica dei saperi indigeni dell’Abiayala, intesa qui nella sua integralità di pluriverso di enunciazione ed espressione delle conoscenze ancestrali in una dimensione di futuralità (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018).
Nella seconda parte della tesi si elabora un’analisi orientata a delineare le forme semantiche e simboliche attraverso cui la nozione del palabrandar si traduce in pratica di scrittura. Si propone uno studio delle produzione scritte di alcuni membri della comunità nasa, interpretate nella loro dimensione di testualità oralettegrafiche (Rocha Vivas, 2017), ovvero scritture conformate da codici multidimensionali che possono trovare la loro espressione finale in un libro o in altri spazi di trasmissione del sapere nasa, come le pietre o le pareti (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In questa prospettiva, il corpus di analisi si compone di alcuni passaggi testuali del volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura di Vilma Almendra Quiguanás e di una serie di scritture (graffiti) realizzate da membri della comunità nasa nello spazio pubblico del territorio di Toribío, decodificato attraverso la contestualizzazione alle epistemologie nasa degli strumenti teorico-metodologici forniti dagli studi sul Paesaggio linguistico in aree di tensione sociale (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016).
La traiettoria esegetica elaborata si struttura metodologicamente a partire dall’inquadramento delle scritture contemporanee del popolo nasa in uno spazio ontologico del sapere autonomo, inserito in un processo di dialogo con alcune proposte delle scienze sociali e umane che riproduce la dimensione interculturale delle attuali dinamiche di negoziazione del sapere nelle comunità nasa (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Categorie come ‘scrittura’, ‘resistenza’ e ‘territorio’ si interpretano quindi a partire dalle significazioni assunte nell’universo epistemologico nasa (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). Il percorso ermeneutico adottato è sostentato da un lavoro sul campo presso diverse comunità nasa del settore nordorientale del Cauca, realizzato attraverso cinque viaggi nel territorio tra il settembre del 2018 e il settembre del 2020. Oltre alla realizzazione di una ricerca di archivio presso la Biblioteca Parrocchiale di Toribío, il lavoro sul campo è consistito in conversazioni, interviste e intercambi con membri della comunità nasa, partecipazione in assemblee e rituali, nell’intento di dialogare con gli spazi del sapere indigeno caucano in ogni sua dimensione di espressione: l’oralità, la ritualità, l’incontro collettivo e la scrittura (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).<br>In the last fifty years (1970-2020), indigenous Nasa communities in the Cauca Department (Colombia) have faced necropolitical processes of territorial segregation and systemic violence (Mbembe, 2006; Rozental, 2017), fomented by the century-old problem of the failure to acknowledge their ancestral homelands, by the internal Colombian armed conflict, by the activity of the transnational extractive industries operating in the region, and by the proliferation of narcotraffic (Peñaranda Supelano, 2012; Navia Lame, 2013; Peñaranda Supelano, 2015; CRIC, 2020). To face these entrenched devices of expropriation, violence, and ethnic silencing, Nasa people have progressively reconfigured the strategies in defence of their cultural and political autonomy (Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Valero Gutiérrez, 2016).
In the framework of the organised strengthening of indigenous claims in the continent, culminating in the so-called emergencia indígena in the last decade of the 20th century (Bengoa, 2007; Bengoa, 2009), Nasa communities have forged multidimensional modalities of resistance, in which the traditional pacific conservation of territorial boundaries combines with the need to safeguard their own knowledge space. In the last two decades, Nasa communities have developed strategies to safeguard their communal cultural identity. These strategies are based on the idea of the defence of the “territory of the imagination” (Almendra, 2017) from the devices of discursive and symbolic invasion typical of necropower (López Barcenas, 2007; Walsh, 2010): a protective mechanism of Nasa epistemologies, cosmovisions, language, and spirituality, whose starting point is represented by the outline of a new autonomous conception of the word, in both the oral experience and its written expressions (Escobar, 2016).
In this context, the present thesis investigates a corpus of writings realized by members of the indigenous Nasa communities in contemporary times (1970-2020). The research proposes an interpretation of the know-how of palabrandar, conceptualised in Nasa epistemologies, as the central hermeneutic tool for an understanding of the selected writings and of the actual images of resistance of the Cauca people. The proposal of palabrandar is defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura (2017) by the Nasa-Misak writer Vilma Almendra Quiguanás as an autonomous modality of reflection on the word, which is understood in a relationship of ontological interdependence with the action of benefit for the community (Almendra, 2017).
The research is structured in two phases. The first two chapters propose a diachronic analysis of the founding process of the epistemological prism of the know-how of palabrandar, starting from an investigation of the written production of two Nasa authors: Álvaro Ulcué Chocué (1943-1984) and Vilma Almendra Quiguanás (1979). The writings, some of them unpublished, of the Catholic priest of Nasa ethnicity Ulcué Chocué are interpreted as a fundamental antecedent to the word’s autonomous conception as defined in the text Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanas. The analysis seeks to discuss a positioning of the epistemic connotations of palabrandar within a gnosiological cartography of the indigenous knowledge of Abiayala, interpreted in its integrality of pluriverse of enunciation and expression of ancestral knowledge in a futural dimension (Escobar, 2016; Rocha Vivas, 2017; Escobar, 2018).
The second part of the thesis aims to outline the semantic and symbolic forms through which the notion of palabrandar translates into written expressions. The writings of some members of the Nasa community are discussed taking into account their dimension of oralitegraphic textualities (Rocha Vivas, 2017), that is textual productions shaped by the confluence of multidimensional codes, which can be expressed through books or other spaces where Nasa knowledge is transmitted, such as stones or walls (Faust, 2001; Rappaport, 2004; Rappaport, 2008; Perdomo, 2013). In this perspective, the analysed corpus consists of some textual passages from the volume Entre la Emancipación y la Captura by Vilma Almendra Quiguanás and of a series of written productions (graffiti) realised by members of the Nasa community in the public space of the Toribío territory. The latter has been decoded by contextualising and applying to Nasa epistemologies the theoretical-methodological tools of linguistic landscape research in areas of social tension (Shoamy y Gorter, 2008; Delgado, 2011; Rubdy, 2015; Woldemariam, 2016).
The exegetic trajectory developed in the thesis is structured methodologically by inserting the contemporary Nasa written productions in an ontological space of autonomous knowledge, which dialogues with proposals from the social and human sciences. This dialogical process reproduces the intercultural dimension of the actual dynamics of the negotiation of knowledge in Nasa communities (Rappaport, 2003; Bengoa, 2009). Consequently, categories such as ‘writing’, ‘resistance’, and ‘territory’ are interpreted according to the signification they possess in the epistemological Nasa universe (Rappaport, 2004; Wilches-Chaux, 2005; Perdomo, 2013; G. Ulcué, 2015; Sanabria Monroy, 2016; Muñoz Atillo, 2018). The adopted hermeneutic path is supported by fieldwork in different Nasa communities in the North-East Cauca region, and in particular by five research trips between September 2018 and September 2020. Fieldwork has consisted of archival research at the Parish Library in Toribío, conversations, interviews and interchanges with members of the Nasa community, the participation in meetings and rituals in the attempt to dialogue with the spaces of Cauca indigenous knowledge in every dimension of its expression: orality, rituality, collective gathering, and writing (Garzón Lopez, 2013; Rocha Vivas, 2017).
7
Hedvall, Albin. "Vad är utbildningen värd? : En studie av synen på kunskap och utbildning i statliga offentliga utredningars 1970—2020." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415218.
Full text
8
Mendiratta, Vibhuti. "Essays on gender issues in developing countries." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0109.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les pays en voie de développement, les conditions de vie des femmes sont très précaires. Les questions de recherche que je développe dans cette thèse se concentrent en particulier sur certaines problématiques de genre au Bénin et en Inde. Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse je montre qu'une baisse du niveau de pluie (durant la période de gestation ou pendant la première année de vie) a un impact négatif sur la taille des enfants, filles comme garçons, de moins de 3 ans en milieu rural en Inde. Par contre, je ne trouve aucun impact différencié en fonction du genre de l'enfant. Dans le second chapitre de ma thèse j'étudie si l'accès à l'électricité facilitent le quotidien de femmes en Inde. Les résultats indiquent que les efforts d'expansion du réseau électrique engagés par le gouvernement Indien dans les années 1980 et 1990 ont eu impact significatif sur la consommation et le revenus des ménages. Il s'avère en particulier que l'accès à l'électricité facilita l'offre de travail pour les hommes, et, ce faisant, eu un impact positif le revenu disponible des ménages. Enfin, l'expansion du réseau électrique permit aux femmes de bénéficié de l'électricité. Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre de ma thèse je montre que, en anticipation d'un programme d'enregistrement des terres mis en œuvre par le gouvernement du Bénin entre 2008 et 2011, certaines femmes ont perdu leur autonomie de gestion des terres qu'elles cultivaient tandis que d'autres sont passées de leur statut de cultivateur indépendant à celui d'aide familial. N. B: Une partie de mes travaux sont co-écrits<br>The relative status of women in the developing world is poor, compared to developed countries. I focus on some of these issues in India and Benin in this thesis. In the first paper, I find that adverse negative rainfall shocks (in gestation and first year after birth) negatively impact height for age and weight for age for both girls and boys aged 1-3 years old in rural India. I find no evidence of gender discrimination. There are many policies that could be implemented to mitigate gender bias. Electrification has been shown to benefit women by relieving their time burden. I find that India's expansion in rural household electrification in the 1980s and '90s brought significant gains to consumption and earnings, the latter through changes in market labor supply for men. In addition, women living in households without electricity benefit from village electrification. Finally, in the last paper, I find that in anticipation of a land registration program implemented by the Beninese government in 294 villages between 2008 and 2011, some women are denied control rights over land while others experience a reduction in their status from that of an independent cultivator to that of a tenant who is farming land belonging to another person. NB: some of the work is joint with other authors
9
Weinachter, Michèle. "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing et l'Allemagne : le double rêve inachevé." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030113.
Full textAbstract:
Jusqu'à la fin du XXème siècle, le projet européen de Valéry Giscard d'Estaing était de bâtir une Europe fortement intégrée grâce à la dynamique franco-allemande, sur la base de la parité entre la France et l'Allemagne. Durant son septennat, il a pu contribuer à certaines avancées en ce sens, à la faveur de sa bonne entente avec le Chancelier Schmidt. Mais son échec à l'élection présidentielle de 1981 l'empêcha de poursuivre son dessein. La chute du Mur en 1989 se produisit avant que l'édifice Ouest-européen ne fut achevé, et les lenteurs du processus d'intégration européenne dans les années quatre-vingt-dix ne permettront pas l'émergence de " l'Europe-puissance " que l'ancien Président appelait de ses vœux avant l'élargissement de l'Union européenne à de nombreux nouveaux membres<br>Until the end of the 20th century, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing's European design was to build a closely integrated Europe, thanks to the Franco-German dynamics, based on the notion of parity between the two countries. During his presidency, he was able to achieve some contributions in this respect, notably thanks to his good relation with Chancellor Schmidt. But his failure at the 1981 presidential elections prevented him from carrying out his aspirations. The fall of the Wall in 1989 took place before the Western European design was completed, and the delays of the European integration process throughout the 1990s were not to allow the emergence of such a European power as the former President aspired to, before the enlarging of the European union to many new members
10
Bianco, Tatiani Sobrinho Del. "Sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento regional: uma análise do potencial econômico dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no Oeste do Paraná 1970 - 2020." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2159.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Tatiani Sobrinho Del Bianco.pdf: 3941335 bytes, checksum: 389260f4ef8c218c8f73202bf660d0fc (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-03-13<br>The various activities inserted in the production processes are characterized by the generation of common solids (MSW) waste, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors capable of explaining the economic potential of MSW as a sustainable regional development factor, transforming the problem of MSW generation in new business opportunity. For this purpose, the methodology included the implementation of steps to characterize the source of MSW municipalities under study, analysis of the models and technologies used in MSW, and identification of potential bottlenecks in the economic sectors and the systematization of results by presenting a new economic model using MSW as inputs in production processes. The results showed that the municipalities under study had an average generation of 54.5 t / day of plastic; 12 t / day of glass; 6:06 l t / day of metal; 60.6 tons / day of paper; 5.5 ton / day from other waste types and 418.5 tons / day of organic. It was identified that the marketing of MSW aluminum, cardboard and PET is more expressive in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná. From this information it was possible to estimate the total gross revenue for the 30 municipalities in the study, which was approximately R$ 3,642,408.38, of which this was more notable in the municipalities of Cascavel, Foz do Iguacu and Toledo , which together were responsible for obtaining 57% of the total gross revenue for the cities analyzed. The systematization of the results showed that the new model of MSW, send about 5.6 tonnes/day of MSW to the municipal landfill of Toledo, representing a reduction of 92% of the total previously forwarded by using the traditional management model MSW. Thus, the development of this new management model would help the sustainable development of meso study, it would be able to generate income from the implementation of new models of factories, developing new technologies, increased service life and reduced need for increased of area landfills and thus will make the municipalities fall under the guidelines of the law 12.305/2010 PNRS.<br>As diversas atividades inseridas nos processos produtivos têm como característica comum à geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), sejam eles sólidos, líquidos ou gasosos. Diante disso, esse trabalho visa identificar elementos capazes de explicitar o potencial econômico dos RSU como fator de desenvolvimento regional sustentável, transformando a problemática da geração de RSU em oportunidade de novos negócios. Para tanto, a metodologia contemplou a execução de etapas de caracterização da fonte geradora de RSU dos municípios em estudo, análise dos modelos e tecnologias utilizadas na gestão dos RSU, identificação das potencialidades e gargalos nos setores econômicos e a sistematização dos resultados por meio da apresentação de um novo modelo econômico utilizando o RSU como insumos dos processos produtivos. Os resultados demonstraram que os municípios em estudo, apresentaram uma geração média de 54.5 t/dia de plástico; 12 t/dia de vidro; l 6.06 t/dia de metal; 60.6 t/dia de papel; 5.5 t/ dia de outros tipos de resíduos e, 418.5 t/dia de orgânicos. Identificou-se que a comercialização dos RSU de alumínio, papelão e PET é mais expressiva nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. A partir dessas informações foi possível estimar a receita bruta total para os 30 municípios em estudo, que foi de cerca de R$3.642.408,38, dentre os quais esta foi mais expressiva nos municípios de Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo, que juntos foram responsáveis pela obtenção de 57% da receita bruta total nos municípios analisados. A sistematização dos resultados demonstrou que o novo modelo de gestão dos RSU, enviaria cerca de 5.6 t/dia de RSU para o aterro sanitário municipal de Toledo, representando uma redução de 92% do total anteriormente encaminhado por meio da utilização do modelo tradicional de gestão dos RSU. Assim, o desenvolvimento desse novo modelo de gestão auxiliaria no desenvolvimento sustentável da mesorregião em estudo, pois seria capaz de gerar renda, a partir da implementação dos novos modelos de fábricas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, aumento da vida útil e redução da necessidade de aumento de área para aterros sanitários e, assim, fará com que os municípios fiquem em conformidade com as diretrizes da lei de 12.305/2010 do PNRS.
Books on the topic "1970-2020"
2
Martone, Andrea, and Gianni Di Dio. Andrea Martone: Opere 1970 - 2020. Spring edizioni, 2022.
Find full text
3
Pogozheva, Galina. Ostanovite loshadeĭ!: Izbrannye stikhotvorenii︠a︡ 1970-2020. Letniĭ sad, 2020.
Find full text
4
ter, Borg Lucette, and Kröller-Müller Museum, eds. Jan van Munster: In motion 1970-2020. Kröller-Müller, 2019.
Find full text
5
Wines, James, and Nadejda Bartels. James Wines and Site: Retrospective 1970-2020. Tchoban Foundation, Museum für Architekturzeichnung, 2020.
Find full text
6
Gohagen, J. R. Steer Town: A community transformed 1970-2020. [Publisher not identified], 2021.
Find full text
7
Estes, Richard J. The Social Progress of Nations Revisited, 1970–2020. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15907-8.
Full text
8
Bova, Raffaele. Raffaele Bova: Dipinti, disegni, azioni & perfomances 1970-2020. Gutenberg edizioni, 2021.
Find full text
9
Fritzbøger, Bo. Sustainable Development of Denmark in the World, 1970–2020. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98293-5.
Full text
10
contributor, Takita Yū 1932-1990, Matsumoto Reiji 1938 contributor, Sasō Akira 1961 contributor, et al., eds. Sensō x manga, 1970-2020: Biggu komikku orijinaru tokubetsu henshū. Kabushiki Kaisha Shōgakkan, 2021.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1970-2020"
1
Specht, Eckard, Erhard Quaisser, and Patrick Bauermann. "Aufgaben 1970–2020." In 50 Jahre Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61166-1_41.
Full text
2
Pandit, Abhijeet Vikas, and Vivek Kant. "Aviation Accidents in India: 1970–2020." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3087-2_25.
Full text
3
Hammele, Nadine. "3. Das Bedrohungsnarrativ von 1970 bis 2020." In Künstliche Intelligenz im Film. transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839467947-005.
Full text
4
Nunes Silva, Carlos. "Local Government in Cape Verde 1970–2020." In Local and Urban Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05847-9_3.
Full text
5
Cutting, Sam, and Joel Roberts. "Postmodernity and the contemporary novel 1970–2020." In Literature and the Critics. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127567-10.
Full text
6
Croke, Brian. "Reflecting on an Historiographical Half-Century, 1970–2020." In Engaging with the Past, c.250-c.650. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003277866-2.
Full text
7
Almada, Aquiles. "Urban Development in Cape Verde Between 1970 and 2020." In Local and Urban Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05847-9_2.
Full text
8
Rocha Fernandes, Rafael J. "Urban Planning in the Municipality of Praia 1970–2020." In Local and Urban Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05847-9_7.
Full text
9
Schneider, Tapio. "Climate 1970-2020." In Earth 2020. Open Book Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0193.04.
Full text
10
Montoro, Xabier Arrizabalo. "Chile, 1970-2020:." In La vía chilena al socialismo 50 años después. Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. CLACSO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1gm023v.34.
Full textConference papers on the topic "1970-2020"
1
Peixoto, João Paulo Campos. "Arquitetura neocolonial: A inserção da temática nas pesquisas de história da arquitetura brasileira (1970-2020)." In Anais do 7º Seminário Ibero-americano Arquitetura e Documentação. Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/154089.7-2.
Full text
2
Slettevold, Liv. "Drug addiction treatment in Norway Historic background and pharmacist role, 50 years perspective (1970 – 2020)." In 46th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS FOR THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY. Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/ishp46.177s.
Full text
3
Sujarwo, Mohamad Wawan, Farid Lukman Hakim, and Indarto Indarto. "Using Landsat to track land use and land cover (LULC) change from 1970 to 2020 in Mayang watershed, East Jawa." In THE 5th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURE AND LIFE SCIENCE 2021 (ICALS 2021): “Accelerating Transformation in Industrial Agriculture Through Sciences Implementation”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117111.
Full text
4
Kemile de Oliveira Cruz, Ingrid, and Dr Moab César. "HISTÓRIA E ECOLOGIA: AS POLÍTICAS INTERNACIONAIS DE DEFESA DO MEIO AMBIENTE E A POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL DO GOVERNO BOLSONARO (1970 – 2020)." In IV Semana Acadêmica de Pesquisa, Inovação e Extensão da UEMASUL. Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/sapiensuemasul2022.463552.
Full text
5
Mikhailov, V. V. "Analysis and object-oriented generalization of meteorological data in solving the bioclimatic mapping problem." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.60.47.061.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the paper is interrelation and character of changes in climate factors in Taimyr and the North of Evenki in the summer-autumn period between 1970 and 2020. Bioclimatic fields of the reindeer range as a form of object-oriented generalization of meteorological data have been constructed for the “average” and the most contrasting years in terms of temperature indices.
6
Mazurkin, Peter, and Ekaterina Efimova. "DYNAMICS OVER 50 YEARS OF AREA OF LANDS BY CATEGORIES OF THE INVENTORY OF THE VOLGA MUNICIPALITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARIY EL." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/07.
Full textAbstract:
The waves of dynamics for 1970-2020 are revealed. by categories of land cadastre in the Volzhsky region of the RME. The first two terms out of eight forms Weibull's law, showing a decrease of 3292 hectares in the area according to Mandelbrot's law. Since 1970, the decline has been 3.60%. For 50 years, there have been two leaps in the reduction of the total area. After the first jump, 20 years have passed from 1978 to 1998, and after the second jump - 21 years from 1999 to 2020. For agricultural lands, the trend shows a steady decrease in area. This trend is noticeable for the country's municipalities. The first component of exponential growth reflects the desire to expand the habitat. And the second term, according to the law of the power function, gives the counteraction of nature to people. This fact shows that there is no ecological balance between agriculture and nature. In territorial planning and forecasting in the conditions of the Russian Federation, arrays of tabular data are urgently needed for all municipalities of the country since 1970. Agricultural lands have especially strong dynamics in 18 components in the form of fluctuations. In Finland, an ecological balance has long been formed, even at the farm level. In Russia, in the legalized minimum territorial unit (municipality) in the total area, strong fluctuations have occurred. A sharp surge in the land fund of the Volzhsky region occurred during the socio-economic crisis from 992 to 2005. This proves the lack of awareness of decision-makers in land policy. Next, you need a conscious behavior in the distribution of the land fund of municipalities of the Russian Federation by categories and types of land.
7
Sanz García, Cecilia, Carmen Díez Medina, Francisco Javier Monclús Fraga, and Miguel Ángel Laurenzana Martins. "Exploración de paisajes periurbanos: procesos de transformación, elementos estructurantes del territorio y nuevas formas urbanas en el corredor del Ebro de Zaragoza (1970-2020)." In ISUF-h 2024 - FORMAS URBANAS DIVERSAS PARA ESPACIOS EN RECOMPOSICIÓN. Editorial Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4995/isufh2024.2024.17925.
Full textAbstract:
Esta comunicación se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación “Áreas estratégicas periurbanas en transformación. Retos eco-culturales en procesos de regeneración urbana en ciudades españolas” (PER-START), que analiza doce áreas periurbanas en seis ciudades españolas. Se suma aquí el análisis de dos nuevos ámbitos, lo que permite ampliar esta investigación al paisaje periurbano que se extiende a lo largo del corredor del Ebro, aguas arriba y aguas abajo del río. En esta contribución se realiza un análisis de los elementos estructurantes de ambos ámbitos –forma construida, infraestructuras y soporte territorial– en dos momentos precisos, 1970 y 2020. El estudio de las principales transformaciones territoriales en esos cincuenta años se realiza, por una parte, estableciendo una lectura paralela y cruzada de las dos zonas y, por otra, elaborando una taxonomía de formas urbanas que permite identificar cuáles son las nuevas formas que definen este territorio periurbano (grandes superficies industriales o comerciales, asentamientos dispersos, espacios de ribera, etc.). En definitiva, esta comunicación estudia la morfogénesis de estas dos áreas de Zaragoza aplicando metodologías experimentadas en algunos estudios morfológicos recientes del periurbano, con el fin de llegar a comprender mejor sus componentes, sus relaciones y, finalmente, sus posibilidades de regeneración, dinamización o preservación.
8
Mazurkin, Peter, and Ekaterina Efimova. "DYNAMIC COEFFICIENT FOR 50 YEARS OF AREA BY CATEGORIES OF THE LAND CADASTER OF THE VOLGA MUNICIPALITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARIY EL." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/06.
Full textAbstract:
In territorial planning and forecasting in the conditions of Russia, it is necessary to take into account the coefficients of dynamism of the area of all lands and by categories of the cadastre. On the example of the Volzhsky district of the Republic of Mari El, it can be seen that agricultural lands have contradictory three fluctuations, which decrease in amplitude until 2070. The largest number of fluctuations over 50 years occurred for two categories of lands: 3 - industrial lands (9 wavelets), 7 - stock (8 fluctuations). The maxima in modulus of the dynamism coefficient are as follows: Category 1 - 0.0799 in 1992; 2 - 0.0177 in 1976; 3 - 0.2384 in 1998; 4 - 0.0018 in 2000; 5 - 0.2714 in 1992; 6 - 0.0160 in 1999; 7 - 6.4204 in 2020; all lands of the Volzhsky region of the RME - 0.0135 in 1977. The most dynamic are stock lands. For agricultural land since 1970, there has been a constant half-life of 5.09737 years. In Russia, the Soviet system of land use in agriculture was preserved, and it was aimed at increasing dynamism. In this case, the first and third fluctuations are directed against (negative sign) the growth of the dynamism coefficient. Not enough attention is paid to the dynamics of agricultural land. The third wave will slow down: 1970 with a period of 4.7 years, in 2020 - 4.3 years, and according to the forecast by 2070 - 3.9 years. Such an increase in vibration frequency is already dangerous. Wavelets # 1 and # 4 of stock lands dynamism become especially dangerous, as they strongly influence the future. Stock wavelets # 3, # 5-7 are a thing of the past. And the rest of the wavelets will continue after 2020. Therefore, stock lands require special attention
9
Bufrem, Leilah Santiago, and Natanael Vitor Sobral. "Transgeracionalidade nas práticas de citação dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa da área de Ciência da Informação." In 9º Encontro Brasileiro de Bibliometria e Cientometria - EBBC. Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22477/ix.ebbc.409.
Full textAbstract:
Objetiva identificar indícios de transgeracionalidade nas práticas de citações dos Bolsistas de Produtividade em Pesquisa, da área de Ciência da Informação. As etapas metodológicas contemplam: I) identificação dos pesquisadores; II) constituição do corpus; e III) processamento e análise dos dados. Destaca como principais resultados os referentes mais profícuos entre as décadas de 1970 e 2020, identificando Jaime Robredo e Brookes como os únicos citados nas seis décadas diferentes consideradas nesta pesquisa, refletindo rigorosamente o conceito de transgeracionalidade proposto no estudo. Birger Hjørland é autor com maior quantidade de citações, presente nas quatro últimas décadas do período analisado.
10
Osadchyi, Volodymyr, Vasyl Grebin, Yurii Nabyvanets, et al. "The impact of climate change on the Desna River water regime and quality of surface waters." In Scientific-practical conference dedicated to World Meteorological Day "At the Frontline of Climate Action" and World Water Day "Water for a Peaceful and Sustainable Future". Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/conf_uhmi_cgo_2024.020.
Full textAbstract:
Вступ Наші попередні дослідження дозволили сформувати припущення про те, що внаслідок регіональних кліматичних змін у басейні р. Десна не можуть створитися умови для формування весняного водопілля з витратами > 8000,0 м³/с, як це спостерігалося в 1917, 1931 і 1970 рр. Підвищення зимових температур повітря сприяло перерозподілу водного стоку в бік його збільшення у зимовий період, яке у середньому склало 35% за останні 30 років. На фоні цього показники весняного стоку зменшились, а гідрограф набув більш розпластаної форми. Для підтвердження цієї гіпотези ми провели дослідження умов формування водного стоку Десни за період з 1895 по 2020 рр. У розрахунках брали до уваги температуру повітря, кількість атмосферних опадів і глибину промерзання ґрунту...
Reports on the topic "1970-2020"
1
Melad, Kris Ann. Harmonizing Philippine Census Data across Decades (1970–2020). Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.44.
Full textAbstract:
This research harmonizes Philippine Census of Population and Housing (CPH) data from 1970 to 2020 to address data consistency challenges across five decades. The study systematically reconciles evolving variable definitions, classification systems, and measurement scales to create a unified longitudinal dataset. Key harmonization challenges include accommodating changes in the education system, such as the K-12 reforms, tracking modifications to administrative boundaries over the years, managing the expanding data scope across census years, and addressing historical data preservation issues, particularly for the 1970 and 1980 censuses. The research involved the creation of translation tables and crosswalks for major classification systems, including the Philippine Standard Geographic Classification (PSGC), Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC), and Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC). Variable-specific harmonization protocols and guidelines for researchers using the harmonized data are also documented. The harmonization process standardized core demographic variables across all periods while preserving more detailed classifications where possible, though some variables necessarily lost granularity when harmonized to their lowest common denominator. Beyond producing a consistent dataset for longitudinal analysis, this study contributes to PIDS's agenda of strengthening statistical systems for evidence-based policymaking. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving future census data collection and harmonization practices to support effective policy development in the Philippines.
2
Vaillancourt, François, Amélie Sintes, and Feriel Grine. La rémunération des attributs linguistiques au Québec en 2020, son évolution depuis 1970 et le taux de rendement du bilinguisme des francophones en 2020. CIRANO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/bpkc2426.
Full textAbstract:
Ce texte présente la rémunération sur le marché du travail des attributs linguistiques des hommes et des femmes du Québec pour 2020 et son évolution depuis 1970. On y utilise des résultats produits avec des microdonnées mises à disposition des chercheurs par Statistique Canada et tirées de neuf Recensement du Canada et d’une enquête. Le cadre analytique retenu est celui de la théorie du capital humain. On présente les écarts de revenu de travail moyen et on les analyse en calculant les effets nets des attributs linguistiques sur le revenu de travail. Ceux-ci correspondent à la rémunération des attributs linguistiques en soi et sont obtenus par l’analyse multivariée (MCO). Dans la dernière partie du texte, nous présentons une estimation du taux de rendement interne (TRI) de l’apprentissage de l’anglais par les francophones. Les principaux résultats pour 2020 sont les suivants : - Les individus ayant les revenus moyens de travail (Figure 1) les plus élevés sont les bilingues (allophones (Allo B), anglophones (Anglo B) ou francophones (Franco B) : un bilingue connait l’anglais et le français). Suivent les unilingues anglophones (Anglo U) et francophones (Fran U) puis les allophones non bilingues. - En 2020, les groupes dont les attributs linguistiques sont mieux rémunérés (effet net, spécification de base) que ceux des francophones unilingues sont les francophones bilingues et les femmes anglophones bilingues (figure 2). Examinons maintenant l’évolution à travers le temps des effets nets des attributs linguistiques pour trois groupes-francophones bilingues (FB), anglophones unilingues (AU) ou anglophones bilingues (AB). La principale constatation est la nette rupture entre 1970 et 1980-2020 dans la sur-rémunération des hommes anglophones, unilingues ou bilingues (Figure 3). Une telle sur-rémunération n’était pas présente pour les femmes anglophones en 1970 (Figure 4). La conclusion générale que l’on peut tirer de ceci est que nos résultats sur les effets nets des attributs linguistiques pour 2020 sont similaires à ceux observés depuis le début du XXIème siècle. Le bilinguisme est mieux rémunéré que l’unilinguisme chez les francophones et les allophones, alors que les anglophones se tirent aussi bien d’affaire que les unilingues francophones. Le TRI d’un investissement linguistique varie fortement selon le niveau des coûts utilisé dans son estimation.
3
Lopes da Silva, Diego, Nan Tian, and Alexandra Marksteiner. Pathways for Reducing Military Spending in Post-civil Conflict Settings. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ywho8693.
Full textAbstract:
High military spending is a common and consequential legacy of civil conflict. Reducing military spending can yield valuable economic gains and further contribute to the recovery of post-civil conflict societies. However, little is known about the conditions that enable military spending reductions in a conflict’s aftermath. This SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security tackles this issue and provides a comparison of post-civil conflict conditions and military burden—military spending as a share of gross domestic product—outcomes. It builds on a comparative analysis of 19 post-civil conflict episodes between 1970 and 2020, as well as three detailed case studies, to identify common pathways to post-civil conflict military burden reductions. This research finds that reductions in military burden usually follow peace agreements that encompass trustworthy and legitimate verification mechanisms, the strengthening of institutional means to resolve grievances, and improvements in relations with neighbouring countries.
4
Gu, Yuanyuan, and Jhorland Ayala-García. Emigration and Tax Revenue. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.312.
Full textAbstract:
According to the World Migration Report 2020, the number of international migrants increased from 84 million in 1970 to 272 million in 2019, accounting for 3.5% of the world’s population. This paper investigates the aggregated effect of emigration on the tax revenue of sending countries with a focus on developing nations. Using a gravity approach, we construct a time-varying exogenous instrument out of geographic time-invariant dyadic characteristics that allow us to estimate the predicted emigration rate for every country. Then, we follow an instrumental variable approach where we use our predicted emigration rate as an instrument of the observed migration rate. The results show that the predicted emigration rate is a good instrument of the current emigration rate for developing countries, and that there is a positive aggregated effect of emigration on tax revenue of sending countries. The results vary depending on the type of tax: emigration increases goods and services tax revenue, but it decreases income, profit, and capital gains tax revenue.
5
Balza, Lenin, Laura Heras-Recuero, David Matías, and Ariel Yépez-García. Green or Growth? Understanding the Relationship between Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions. Inter American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012943.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between economic growth and environmental impact is a topic that has largely been studied through the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), which posits an inverted U-shape relationship between the two. We examine this link by analyzing GDP and CO2 emissions per capita from 1970 to 2020 using a panel of 136 countries. We estimate both the short- and long-run income elasticities of CO2 emissions across various regions and for rolling time periods. The analysis focuses on Latin America and the Caribbean, aggregating and disaggregating data by region and introducing alternative measures of CO2 emissions. Though our findings confirm the existence of the EKC at the global level, we do not find evidence of it for all regions. A monotonic positive relationship between income and emissions is observed for Latin America and the Caribbean. We also find that, in most cases, the income elasticity of production-based emissions is lower than that of consumption-based emissions. This distinction is particularly pronounced in the Latin American and Caribbean region, where the income elasticity of consumption-based emissions is estimated at 0.95, as opposed to 0.56 when using a production-based measure.
6
Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.
7
Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
8
Bergström, Ulf, and Mårten Erlandsson. Spiggens påverkan på rekryteringsområden för abborre och gädda i Östersjön. Institutionen för akvatiska resurser, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4bb5blrfa9.
Full textAbstract:
Storspigg har visat sig ha en negativ påverkan på rekryteringen av rovfiskar längs Östersjökusten, framför allt gädda och abborre, genom predation på ägg och larver. Detta leder till minskade rovfiskbestånd i kustzonen och en förlust av viktiga ekosystemfunktioner. I den här studien har vi kvantifierat omfattningen av denna störning med hjälp av rumslig och statistisk modellering där vi undersöker hur utbredning och abundans av rovfiskens reproduktionsområden förändrats över tid. I analyserna nyttjar vi data från de omfattande undersökningar av kustfiskens reproduktion längs ostkusten som gjorts med hjälp av tryckvåg från slutet av 1970-talet och framåt. Vi har tillämpat tre olika analysmetoder för att skatta förändringen i reproduktionsområden, i syfte att få en uppfattning om spannet i uppskattningarna. Vi har nyttjat två modeller från redan publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar, och även utvecklat en ny modell. Den ena av de två publicerade modellerna beskriver utvecklingen i täthet abborre och spigg över tid (Eriksson m fl 2021), medan den andra beskriver utvecklingen av ytor med rovfiskdominans (Eklöf m fl 2020). Den nyutvecklade modellen beskriver i sin tur förändringar i ytan lämpliga reproduktionsområden för abborre och gädda. De olika analyserna har i någon mån varierande geografisk täckning, som mest omfattande kuststräckan från norra Skåne län till södra Gävleborgs län. Sammantaget visar analyserna på betydande nedgångar i reproduktionen av abborre och gädda längs centrala Östersjökusten de senaste 30-40 åren. Resultaten visar att ytan fungerande reproduktionsområden för abborre och gädda minskat med i storleksordningen 40-65%, medan tätheten abborryngel kan ha minskat med så mycket som 80 %. Det är framför allt tidigare mycket produktiva rekryteringsområden för abborre och gädda längs öppna kuststräckor och i mellan- och ytterskärgårdar som gått förlorade. De tydliga sambanden mellan spigg och rekrytering av abborre och gädda indikerar att spiggen har varit en starkt bidragande orsak till nedgången, och framför allt att spiggen sannolikt blockerar en återkomst av abborre och gädda till områden där reproduktionen slagits ut. Förlusten av lokala rovfiskbestånd i skärgårdarna har en negativ påverkan inte bara på fisket, utan minskar även kustekosystemets förmåga att motstå de negativa effekterna av övergödning. En angelägen fråga för kommande forskning är att förstå mekanismerna bakom den dramatiska spiggökningen, och att identifiera metoder för att stärka reproduktionen och återetablera bestånd av abborre och gädda i de störda områdena.
9
Kløcker Larsen, Rasmus, and Maria Boström. “Renen får aldrig betesro”: Konsekvenser av Bolidens gruva och vägen i Stihkeområdet för Voernese sameby. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.008.
Full textAbstract:
Denna rapport presenterar en studie av Voernese samebys erfarenheter av de konsekvenser som gruvan i Stihkeområdet fört med sig, en gruva som drevs av Boliden Mineral AB mellan år 1976–1988. Det finns i dag ett stort kunskapsglapp angående vilka de faktiska konsekvenserna är av gruvindustri på renskötsel och annan samisk markanvändning. Detta är så vitt vi vet första gången som forskningen empiriskt belyser konsekvenserna av gruvindustrin och försöken till efterbehandling av gruvområdet utifrån en samebys egna erfarenheter och kunskap. Studien genomfördes 2019–2020 i ett samarbete mellan samebyn, Svenska Samernas Riksförbund och SEI. Datainsamlingen har bestått av arbetsmöten, intervjuer, workshops, dokumentanalys och kartering med stöd av RenGIS och forskning om störningszoner. Fokus i denna rapport är på just Voernese samebys erfarenheter, gruvans konsekvenser för andra samebyar eller icke-renskötande samer i området har därför inte inkluderats. Resultaten visar den omfattande påverkan som gruvan haft på samebyn, dels under driftperioden men i högsta grad också efteråt. Eftersom samebyn bedriver samrenskötsel i Stihkeområdet med Vilhelmina Södra sameby, på vars mark gruvverksamheten bedrevs, har samebyn påverkats både av direkta markförluster och betesskador från gruvområdet liksom andra störningarna under drifttiden. I nutid handlar de största konsekvenserna om påverkan från vägen som drogs i tidigare väglöst land och störningarna på renen från besöksnäringen. Detta har försvårat för renen att finna betesro, inneburit omfattande merarbete och ökade kostnader för samebyn vid samling och flytt, samt medfört stress och oro för samebyns medlemmar liksom även förlust av traditionell kunskap. Renskötseln försvåras även av kvarlämnade borrör och järnskrot från SGU:s provborrningar. Studien visar också hur samebyn exkluderades från beslutsfattandet när Bolidens gruva etablerades på 1970-talet och nu återigen har marginaliserats i samband med tillståndsprövningen för Vilhelmina Minerals planer för återupptagning av brytningen. Dessa forskningsresultat är viktiga för att korrigera en vanlig missuppfattning i den politiska och offentliga debatten kring gruvindustrin: att gruvindustri och renskötsel skulle kunna samexistera utan någon större påverkan på renskötseln. De bidrar också till en ökad förståelse för den omfattande påverkan som ett gruvprojekt, samt dess följdeffekter, kan ha på en grannsameby trots det att själva gruvområdet ligger utanför samebygränsen. I ett vidare perspektiv bidrar studien med ytterligare ett empiriskt baserat exempel på hur gruvbolag och stat marginaliserar samisk kunskap och missbrukar samebyars deltagande i miljöbedömningar. Dessa problem härrör främst från det faktum att svensk lagstiftning inte ger tillräckligt skydd för samiska rättigheter. Det hänger även ihop med statens tvetydiga roll i hanteringen av de intressekonflikter som uppstår när man både har en skyldighet att skydda samiska rättigheter och ska tillgodose olika samhälls- och företagsekonomiska intressen i utvinningen av mineraler. Denna brist på ansvarstagande, som samebyn upplever från statens sida, visar med all tydlighet att den koloniala exploateringen av naturresurserna i Sápmi inte är ett historiskt fenomen utan något som i högsta grad fortgår än i dag. Som ett exempel har inga ansträngningar gjorts för att se över om den begränsade ekonomiska ersättningen som staten genomförde under 1960–70 talet verkligen motsvarar de faktiska skador som samebyn fått uthärda. På kortare sikt skulle många förbättringar troligen kunna åstadkommas genom enskilda insatser för att adressera de problem som samebyn har i Stihkeområdet. Exempelvis skulle kommun och länsstyrelse kunna ingripa för att hantera de problem som besöksnäringen och friluftslivet orsakar och regeringen skulle kunna ge SGU i uppdrag att återställa tidigare prospekteringsverksamhet i Stihkeområdet. Vad denna studie främst belyser är dock behovet av en mer genomgripande strategi från statens sida för att komma till rätta med konsekvenserna av Bolidens gruvprojekt och dess följdeffekter. Utifrån senaste årens rättsutveckling torde det numera finnas goda möjligheter för staten att se över sitt ansvar för de skador som framkommit i Stihkeområdet.
10
Strömquist, Jennie, and Håkan Wickström. Rekryteringsindex för ål : metodutveckling för framtagning av index för ålrekryter. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54612/a.4c493aga8b.
Full textAbstract:
Ålbeståndets minskning i Sverige började uppmärksammas i början av 1970-talet då fångsterna av adult ål i yrkesfisket minskade kraftigt. I övriga Europa märktes en nedgång i fångsterna av glasål i början av 1980-talet. Som en del av arbetet med att förbättra situationen för europeisk ål utfärdade EU en förordning år 2007, som bland annat innebär att alla medlemsstater ska ta fram förvaltningsplaner för ål. Dessa ska innehålla åtgärder för återhämtning av beståndet av europeisk ål, med beaktande av regionala och lokala förhållanden. Sveriges ålförvaltningsplan fokuserar främst på ökad kontroll, inskränkningar i fisket, förbättrade möjligheter för blankål att vandra ut i havet, och stödutsättningar av importerade ålyngel. För att följa beståndets utveckling, och övervaka om åtgärderna får önskad effekt, används bland annat ett internationellt rekryteringsindex. Arbetet med att ta fram ett rekryteringsindex för Sverige påbörjades år 2010. Som ett första steg behövdes en lämplig metod för att skatta mängd ålyngel i ett vattendrag eller på en plats tas fram. En annan viktig aspekt är att rekryteringsindex inte ska vara påverkade av ålutsättningar. I Sverige märks alla importerade ålyngel sedan 2009 kemiskt med strontium (Sr) innan de sätts ut, vilket skapar en permanent Sr-märkning i ålarnas hörselstenar (otoliter) vilket gör det möjligt att skilja på utsatta ålar och naturliga rekryter. Eftersom denna provtagning är dödande (ålen måste dissekeras för att otoliterna ska kunna användas) så kan även annan viktig biologisk data samlas in, så som längd, vikt, parasitförekomst, och ålder. Denna rapport sammanfattar resultaten från arbetet med att ta fram ett rekryteringsindex för ål i Sverige. Metodutvecklingsförsök för att skatta mängd ålyngel och för att samla in ål för vidare provtagning, gjordes med fallfälla, nättingfälla och elfisken. Fallfälla och nättingfälla användes på sammanlagt 19 platser (2010–2013). Elfiske utfördes i 5-16 vattendrag årligen mellan 2010-2020, . Två av vattendragen valdes ut som ”referensvattendrag”, vattendrag som ligger långt från platser där importerad ål satts ut, där de rekryterande ålynglen borde bestå av naturliga rekryter. Detta för att kunna jämföra storleks- och åldersfördelning hos rekryter mellan vattendrag där populationen endast består av naturliga rekryter, med vattendrag där ålynglen både kan härstamma från importerade utsatta (Sr-märkta) ålyngel och naturligt invandrade. Försöken att samla in yngel med fallfälla i grunda kustområden, respektive med nättingfälla i rinnande vatten, resulterade i ett fåtal fångster. De låga fångsterna kan dels förklaras av praktiska problem med fällorna och dels att den låga tätheten av ålyngel gjorde att fällorna inte fungerade effektivt. Elfiske är den metod som ansågs mest framgångsrik, Största problemet med denna metod var att den inte fungerade tillfredställande vid låga tätheter vilket leder till att skattningar, och därmed jämförelser mellan lokaler blir osäkra. På alla platser som undersöktes (oavsett metod) fann vi ålyngel av naturligt rekryterat ursprung. Importerade utsatta (Sr-märkta) ålyngel återfanns endast på totalt fyra av de undersökta platserna Dessa fyra ligger i närheten av områden där man årligen sätter ut importerade yngel, varför förekomst av utsatta ålyngel var förväntat. Många platser där importerad utsatt ål inte återfanns ligger dock också i närheten av områden där ål sätts ut. Resultatet kan förklaras med att de utsatta ålynglen direkt simmar långt upp i vattendragen (uppströms de lokaler som undersökts), hellre än att stanna kvar i kustnära områden, alternativt att de av någon anledning simmar ut till havs igen, eller att dödligheten är hög. Detta i sig kan tyda på att de rör sig på ett annat sätt än de naturliga rekryterna. Resultatet innebär också att man inte enbart kan använda data över utsättningar för att få ett säkert svar på om ett rekryteringsindex är påverkat av utsättningar eller inte. Sammantaget visar dessa undersökningar att elfiske är den metod (av de tre metoder som undersökts) som lämpar sig bäst för att skatta mängd ål och för att samla in ålrekryter. Undersökningen visar också att flera av de undersökta lokalerna lämpar sig väl för att skapa rekryteringsindex, eftersom många områden inte hade någon förekomst av importerade och utsatta ålyngel.