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Journal articles on the topic '1970s'
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1
Eero, Margit. "Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 6 (May 3, 2012): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss051.
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Abstract Eero, M. 2012. Reconstructing the population dynamics of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) in the Baltic Sea in the 20th century. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1010–1018 . Long time-series of population dynamics are increasingly needed in order to understand human impacts on marine ecosystems and support their sustainable management. In this study, the estimates of sprat (Sprattus sprattus balticus) biomass in the Baltic Sea were extended back from the beginning of ICES stock assessments in 1974 to the early 1900s. The analyses identified peaks in sprat spawner biomass in the beginning of the 1930s, 1960s, and 1970s at ∼900 kt. Only a half of that biomass was estimated for the late 1930s, for the period from the late 1940s to the mid-1950s, and for the mid-1960s. For the 1900s, fisheries landings suggest a relatively high biomass, similar to the early 1930s. The exploitation rate of sprat was low until the development of pelagic fisheries in the 1960s. Spatially resolved analyses from the 1960s onwards demonstrate changes in the distribution of sprat biomass over time. The average body weight of sprat by age in the 1950s to 1970s was higher than at present, but lower than during the 1980s to 1990s. The results of this study facilitate new analyses of the effects of climate, predation, and anthropogenic drivers on sprat, and contribute to setting long-term management strategies for the Baltic Sea.
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Burlutskyi, Andriy. "Scenic Speech in the «New Ukrainian Theatre»: Specificity of Functioning." Bulletin of KNUKiM. Series in Arts, no. 34 (June 5, 2016): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.31866/2410-1176.34.2016.158193.
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The paper identifies specificity of forming and functioning of scenic speech in the period of formation of the «new Ukrainian theatre», whose framework chronologically unites the «silver» era (the 1920s) and the Ukrainian soviet theatre (the political theatre of the 1930s–1950s, the theatre of war time, the theatre of aesthetic innovations of the 1950s–1960s, and the «searching» theatre of the 1970s–1980s).
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Adom Getachew Talks to Ashish Ghadiali. "World makers of the Black Atlantic." Soundings 75, no. 75 (September 1, 2020): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/soun.75.11.2020.
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In Worldmaking After Empire, Adom Getachew challenges standard histories of decolonisation, which chart the story of a simple shift from empire to independent nationhood. She shows that supporters of decolonisation have always sought to create something much more than nationalisms: they have engaged in a dynamic and rival system of revolutionary worldmaking, seeking an alternative international system that could replace the old inequitable dispensation. She charts this decolonial project from its roots in the works of Black Atlantic thinkers like W.E.B. Du Bois and C.L.R. James in the 1920s and 1930s. The key events she tracks are the challenges the project faced in the United Nations in the 1940s and 1950s; attempts at regional federation in late 1950s and 1960s; and the emergence of the New International Economic Order in the 1960s and 1970s. This a twentieth century tradition now ripe to be reclaimed and revived.
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Saleniece, Irēna, and Maija Grizāne. "Searching for New Identities: The Belarusian Minority in the Latvian-Belarusian Borderlands from the 1920s to the 1990s." Lithuanian Historical Studies 28, no. 1 (November 22, 2024): 131–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02801005.
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The research presented here is based on life stories that were collected during fieldwork in the Latvian-Belarusian borderland from 2003 to 2020 by the Oral History Centre of Daugavpils University. These oral testimonies of Belarusians disclose the circumstances that facilitated or interfered with their involvement in local society, and the changes which occurred in their sense of self-identity. The results of a comparison of three groups of Belarusians demonstrate major differences between identity, formed during the existence of the independent state, the Soviet period, and the post-Soviet period in Latvia’s history. The groups concerned are: (1) Belarusians born during the 1920s and 1930s in the territory of Latvia; (2) Belarusians born during the 1920s and 1930s who moved to the territory of Latvia in the 1940s and 1950s; and (3) Belarusians born during the 1940s and 1950s who moved to the territory of Latvia in the 1960s and 1970s. Belarusians of group 1 mostly integrated successfully into Latvian society, preserving their ethnic identity to some extent. The Soviet migrants (groups 2 and 3), influenced by communist ideology and russification, with some exceptions mostly identified with the ‘Soviet people’, ignoring ethnicity. These Belarusians integrated successfully into Soviet Latvia, but after the collapse of the USSR they had problems recognising the political changes, and needed support in finding their own place in Latvian society.
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Lippy, William H., Leonard P. Berenholz, and John M. Burkey. "Otosclerosis in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s." Laryngoscope 109, no. 8 (August 1999): 1307–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199908000-00022.
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Gałuszka, Agnieszka, Zdzisław M. Migaszewski, and Neil L. Rose. "A consideration of polychlorinated biphenyls as a chemostratigraphic marker of the Anthropocene." Anthropocene Review 7, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019620916488.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic pollutants of anthropogenic origin, were widely used in many industrial applications worldwide roughly from the 1930s to the 1970s. Both the use and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls contributed to their ubiquity in different environmental compartments, and they show extremely high persistence because of their high physical and chemical stability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental archives located in different parts of the world usually show an initial increase in the 1940s–1950s and maxima in the 1960s–1970s followed by a sharp decline following the ban in their use. Thus, the increase in polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations would appear to be suitable as a chronostratigraphic marker in Anthropocene strata. This manuscript discusses the polychlorinated biphenyls record in different environmental archives in the context of temporal and spatial trends in production and application of these compounds as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in the chemostratigraphy of the Anthropocene series.
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Duan, J., L. Wang, L. Li, and Y. Sun. "Tree-ring-inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability." Climate of the Past 9, no. 6 (November 4, 2013): 2451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2451-2013.
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Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1868–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 140 yr, and typical melting periods occurred in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) were characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August–September all-India monsoon rainfall (AIR) (r1871-2008 = −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation does not affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
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Duan, J., L. Wang, L. Li, and Y. Sun. "Tree-ring inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability." Climate of the Past Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 2, 2013): 3663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-9-3663-2013.
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Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1865–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 143 yr, and typical melting periods occurs in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) is characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of the Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August-September all-Indian monsoon precipitation (AIR) (r1871–2008= −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation doesn't affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
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Pavlovskaya, A. Y. "Siege diary and memory of war in 1950s–1970s: stages of archiving and canonization of egodocuments in public discourse." Memoirs of NovSU, no. 6 (2023): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.6(51).637-645.
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The article examines the discourse of the siege diary in the context of the cultural memory of the Great Patriotic War in the 1950s–1970s. The author shows that current understandings of the siege diary as a historical source and a symbol have its own genealogy, the roots of which are in the 1940s. Analyzing the processes of archiving and canonization of siege diaries, the author comes to the conclusion that it is possible to distinguish three stage of the discourse about the siege diary, which are based on the ideas about the value of the document and the range of its possible interpretations. The first period (1950s–early 1960s) is characterized by attention to the literary integrity of the texts, while the second (1960s–1970s) is the time of the discovery of the historical and factual value of the siege diaries. The period that began in the late 1970s with the publication of The Siege Book by D. Granin and A. Adamovich is associated with the idea of the unconditional value of the siege diary.
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Didenko, К. "INVOLVEMENT OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSIDERATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND CITY BUILDING PRACTICE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-185-191.
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Social aspects of the formation of architectural complexes in metropolian Kharkov have not yet been analyzed in homeland architectural theory. The study into "Kharkov constructivism", due to unfortunate historical ocurrence, is still in fact at the initial stage. Thesises of Kharkov authors illuminate this phenomenon in general or analyze some of the most significant sights. Approaches to the study of social aspects of architecture and urban development went through several stages. Architectural theory of the late 1940s- the beginning of 1950s was sharply critical of the architectural and urban planning experiments in the 1920s. The XXth century Soviet history of architecture in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by ideological rehabilitation of constructivism, including social experiments of the 1920s - early 1930s. A turn from apologetics of the 1960s - 1980s to critical analysis of the architecture and urban development of the avant-garde was indicated at the beginning of 2000s by the studies considering Soviet architectural and urban planning practice in the context of public behavior management as a tool for structuring general population to achieve political goals. Foreign studies into the Soviet avant-garde sprang up in the 1970s - early 1980s affected by Western sociology where architecture began to be viewed as a tool for managing social processes and new types of structures and models of urban planning organization- as “a transition from social to material”. Many studies highlighted the influence of Soviet architectural and urban planning programs of the 1920s and 1930s on the system and structure of public consciousness. There was established that large-scale housing, cultural and domestic construction was carried out as part of the capital's administrative and government center creation programs and the formation of an industrial complex. There were identified four conceptual approaches for housing construction, they were consistently implemented during the realization of the two above-mentioned programs: garden city, communal house, housing complex and social city. In these programs, the concepts of "garden city" and "communal houses" were practically tested and reasonably rejected, and the most productive models were residential complexes and social city. Keywords: social construction, architectural and urban concepts, soviet human, metropolian Kharkov.
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Torma, Franziska. "Frontiers of Visibility." Transfers 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030203.
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This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.
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Goldstein, Melvyn C. "The United States, Tibet, and the Cold War." Journal of Cold War Studies 8, no. 3 (July 2006): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2006.8.3.145.
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This article examines U.S. policy toward Tibet from the end of the 1940s to the end of the 1980s, especially the 1950s and 1960s. U.S. policy during this period operated on two levels. At the strategic level, the United States consistently supported China's claim of sovereignty over Tibet. But at the tactical level, U.S. policy varied a great deal over time, ranging from the provision of military and financial aid to Tibetan guerrilla forces in the 1950s and 1960s to the almost complete lack of official attention to Tibet in the 1970s and early 1980s. The article explains why the U.S. government has never accepted Tibet's claim to independence and why the question of Tibet, after falling into obscurity in the 1970s, reemerged on the U.S. agenda in the mid- to late 1980s. The article highlights the cynicism that has often characterized tactical shifts in U.S. policy.
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Canak, William, and Berkeley Miller. "Gumbo Politics: Unions, Business, and Louisiana Right-to-Work Legislation." ILR Review 43, no. 2 (January 1990): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399004300206.
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The authors examine business community involvement; in right-to-work (RTW) campaigns in Louisiana during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1970s. They find that the entire business community supported RTW in the 1940s and 1970s. In the 1950s, some small businesses and major corporations avoided public involvement due to fear of retaliation by unions or the Long government of that era, but those same companies helped initiate and organize the campaigns of the 1940s and 1970s. RTW campaign successes were linked to interunion conflict and social conditions that weakened coalitions of unions and their allies. In each decade, RTW campaigns were influenced by national and international economic and political factors.
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Bashilov, V. A., and V. I. Gulyaev. "A Bibliography of Soviet Studies of the Ancient Cultures of Latin America." Latin American Antiquity 1, no. 1 (March 1990): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971707.
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The study in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of the earliest history of native Latin Americans falls into two distinct periods. The first, associated with an interest in the ancient Mexican and Peruvian civilizations, can be divided into two stages: the 1920s to the early 1940s, when Soviet scholars first acquainted themselves with antiquities from the region and used them for historical parallels; and the late 1940s and early 1950s, when Soviet historians turned to an analysis of Latin American materials. The second period went through three stages: the first, from the early 1950s to the early 1960s, mainly was dominated by Yury Knorozov, who was engaged in deciphering the language of the Maya, and Rostislav Kinzhalov, who studied their art and culture. During the second stage, the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, more scholars and research institutions undertook studies of the early cultures of Latin America. The thematic range became wider as well, covering—besides Mesoamerica and the central Andean region—the Intermediate region and the Caribbean. The third stage, which started in the late 1970s and continues to the present day, witnesses ethnographers and archaeologists pooling their efforts in studying the region. There were several conferences in which specialists engaged in various fields of Latin American studies participated. Their contacts with foreign colleagues became wider; Soviet archaeologists and ethnologists took part in fieldwork in Latin America. The primary aims today are to introduce Soviet readers to archaeological materials from a number of cultural-historical regions (such as the southern fringes of Mesoamerica, Amazonia, the southern Andes, etc.), to detail Soviet studies of cultural complexes and historical processes in ancient America, and to compare them to the processes that took place in the Old World, with the aim of establishing shared historical “laws” and patterns.
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Sopin, Artyom Olegovich. "The Individual and Contemporary in Yuliy Raizman's Late Work." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik33144-153.
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The article examines the films made in the 1960s and 1970s by the filmmakers who became popular in the 1920s and 1930s. Some particular aspects of their adaptation to the new means of artistic expressiveness and adherence to certain themes are analyzed as exemplified by the work of Yuliy Raizman who collaborated with screenwriter Ye. I. Gabrilovich, namely, by their mutual films Your Contemporary (1967), A Strange Woman (1977) and Raizman's Courtesy Call (1972).
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Novaes, Allan. "“The Battle for Men’s Minds”: Subliminal Message as Conspiracy Theory in Seventh-Day Adventist Discourse." Religions 15, no. 10 (October 17, 2024): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15101276.
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This article describes the presence of a subliminal thesis—with conspiratorial and apocalyptic content—in the discourse of the Seventh-day Adventist tradition based on a documentary analysis of Adventist publications from the 1900s to the 1990s. The history of the development of this thesis is classified into three periods: (1) Proto-Adventist Subliminal Thesis, from 1900s to 1940s, with a discourse of anti-spiritualist emphasis; (2) Adventist Subliminal Thesis’ First Wave, from 1950s to 1960s, with a discourse of anti-media emphasis in the context of James Vicary’s experiments in the 1950s; and (3) Adventist Subliminal Thesis’ Second Wave, from 1970s to 1990s, with a discourse of conspiratorial emphasis in the context of the satanic panic of the 1980s and 1990s. The Adventist subliminal thesis is configured in a way of thinking that considers (1) the human being as a “mass-man” and culture as “mass culture”; (2) the media as having the power of manipulation and mental control; (3) adherence to moral panic phenomena as reactions to media threats to traditional values; and (4) the cosmic narrative of the Great Controversy as a worldview for understanding media messages and products as part of a satanic conspiracy.
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Quinn, Norman W. S. "Reconstructing Changes in Abundance of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park, Ontario, 1860-2004." Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i3.142.
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The history of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park since the 1860s is reviewed and placed in the context of changes to the forest, weather, and parasitic disease. Deer seem to have been abundant in the late 1800s and early 1900s whereas Moose were also common but less so than deer. Deer declined through the 1920s as Moose probably increased. Deer had recovered by the 1940s when Moose seem to have been scarce. The deer population declined again in the 1960s, suffered major mortality in the early 1970s, and has never recovered; deer are essentially absent from the present day Algonquin landscape in winter. Moose increased steadily following the decline of deer and have numbered around 3500 since the mid-1980s. Beaver were scarce in the Park in the late 1800s but recovered by 1910 and appear to have been abundant through the early 1900s and at high numbers through mid-century. The Beaver population has, however, declined sharply since the mid-1970s. These changes can best be explained by the history of change to the structure and composition of the Park's forests. After extensive fire and logging in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the forest is now in an essentially mature state. Weather and parasitic disease, however, have also played a role. These three species form the prey base of Algonquin's Wolves, Canis lycaon, and the net decline of prey, especially deer, has important implications for the future of wolves in the Park.
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Neatby, H. Blair. "Presidential Address: Visions and Revisions: The View from the Presidents’ Offices of Ontario Universities Since the Second World War." Historical Papers 23, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030978ar.
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Abstract Ontario universities have been transformed since the 1940s. University presidents have played a crucial role in shaping these changes. In the 1950s they defended the concept of the liberal arts college, partly because other options seemed too risky. In the 1960s the government provided the finances and the presidents, separately and jointly, responded to the diverse demands of governments, faculties, and students. By the 1970s, the institutions had adapted to expansion, to a shift in balance between teaching and research, and to an emerging provincial system without any major crises or characters. Since the 1970s the government's policy of financial constraint has dominated discussions, with related debates on accessibility and private sector research. The university presidents have not yet defined new goals which the government considers realistic.
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Krasilnikova, E. I. "Historical Past and Historical-Cultural Heritage of Buryats as Reflected in Journal ‘Sibirskie Ogni’ (1920s-1980s): Memory Politics Aspect." Nauchnyi dialog 13, no. 4 (May 25, 2024): 408–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2024-13-4-408-429.
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The aim of the article is to characterize representations of the history and historicalcultural heritage of the Buryats in the pages of the Sibirskie Ogni journal from the early 1920s to the late 1980s in the context of state memory politics. The methodological framework of the study was the field of “Memory Studies.” Conclusions were drawn about the intense ideologization of the historical past of the Buryats on the pages of the Sibirskie Ogni journal at all stages of the Soviet period, as well as the journal's disregard for Buryat heritage associated with the traditions of Buddhist East. Six stages of representation were identified. In the first stage (1920s), Buryat authors freely wrote in the journal about Buryat history, expressed historical grievances against Russia, and sought recognition of the value of Buryat historical-cultural heritage. In the second stage (1930s), only articles by Russian authors about Buryat history in a critical tone were published in the journal. In the third stage (1940s-1950s), Sibirskie Ogni journal printed articles with crushing criticism of inconvenient versions of Buryat history presented in national literature. In the fourth stage (1960s-1970s), Buryat history was not discussed at all in the journal. In the fifth stage (1980s), a flourishing of Buryat culture was proclaimed under the influence of Soviet leadership. After the collapse of the USSR, much was rethought and perceived as a historical mistake. The Sibirskie Ogni journal began publishing articles again on Buryat literary traditions, epic poetry, etc.
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Booker, Vaughn. "“An Authentic Record of My Race”: Exploring the Popular Narratives of African American Religion in the Music of Duke Ellington." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 25, no. 1 (2015): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2015.25.1.1.
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AbstractEdward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington (1899–1974) emerged within the jazz profession as a prominent exponent of Harlem Renaissance racial uplift ideals about incorporating African American culture into artistic production. Formed in the early twentieth century's middle-class black Protestant culture but not a churchgoer in adulthood, Ellington conveyed a nostalgic appreciation of African American Christianity whenever hewrote music to chronicle African American history. This prominent jazz musician's religious nostalgia resulted in compositions that conveyed to a broader American audience a portrait of African American religiosity that was constantly “classical” and static—not quite primitive, but never appreciated as a modern aspect of black culture.This article examines several Ellington compositions from the late 1920s through the 1960s that exemplify his deployment of popular representations of African American religious belief and practice. Through the short filmBlack and Tanin the 1920s, the satirical popular song “Is That Religion?” in the 1930s, the long-form symphonic movementBlack, Brown and Beigein the 1940s, the lyricism of “Come Sunday” in the 1950s, and the dramatic prose of “My People” in the 1960s, Ellington attempted to capture a portrait of black religious practice without recognition of contemporaneous developments in black Protestant Christianity in the twentieth century's middle decades. Although existing Ellington scholarship has covered his “Sacred Concerts” in the 1960s and 1970s, this article engages themes and representations in Ellington's work prefiguring the religious jazz that became popular with white liberal Protestants in America and Europe. This discussion of religious narratives in Ellington's compositions affords an opportunity to reflect upon the (un)intended consequences of progressive, sympathetic cultural production, particularly on the part of prominent African American historical figures in their time. Moreover, this article attempts to locate the jazz profession as a critical site for the examination of racial and religious representation in African American religious history.
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Powell, Douglas R., and Karen E. Diamond. "Approaches to Parent-Teacher Relationships in U.S. Early Childhood Programs during the Twentieth Century." Journal of Education 177, no. 3 (October 1995): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749517700306.
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The nature of parent-teacher relationships in early childhood programs, including interventions for children with disabilities, is examined within a sociopolitical context across five eras of the twentieth century. Two general approaches are discerned: practices that view parents as learners in need of expert information and advice about child rearing, prevalent through the 1950s, and strategies involving parents as partners with educators in program decision-making, which began to surface in the 1960s. Attention is given to the influence of the Parent Teacher Association in the early 1900s as a response to societal changes stemming from the Industrial Revolution; contributions of the child study movement of the 1920s to parent education activities; effects of the Great Depression on ideas and practices related to individuals with disabilities; the growth of parent advocacy on behalf of children with disabilities; and the influence of the civil rights movement of the 1960s and widespread demographic changes of the 1970s on parent-teacher relationships. Current issues in forming and sustaining parent-teacher partnerships in early childhood programs are identified.
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Santiago-Delefosse, Marie, and Maria del Rio Carral. "The rapid expansion of (mainstream) health psychology in France: Historical foundations." Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 372–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317714484.
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This article traces the historical evolution of ongoing theoretical debates in psychology in France from the 1940s until today. Its aim is to show how the conjunction of certain conditions led to a rapid expansion of American-derived mainstream health psychology during the 1980s. The authors describe the French context in the post-World War II period and outline the implementation of ‘clinical psychology in health settings’ in the 1950s, under the influence of Daniel Lagache. The strong critiques of the new psychology profession in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s are examined. Our conclusion reflects upon future implications of ongoing rivalries between different approaches to psychology.
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Majumdar, Sumit. "Utilization of Different Categories of Resources in Indian Industry." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 22, no. 4 (October 1997): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919970405.
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In this paper, Sumit Majumdar analyses the patterns of utilization of various key resources — production staff, administrative staff, physical capital, and working capital — in the Indian indus try between the period 1950-51 and 1992-93. The ratio of optimal to actual input usage is calculated for the four key resource inputs. It is found that Indian industry was relatively efficient in the 1950s, but efficiency had plummeted in the 1960s and 1970s relative to the 1950s. The regression of industrial performance in the 1960s and 1970s was reversed in the 1980s. However, in the 1990s, the Indian industry has merely caught up with a performance level once attained in the 1950s and no dynamic progress in its performance over time is noted.
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Ovchinnikov, Pavel, and Marina Leonidovna Zaitseva. "Moscow Jazz School of the 1950s and 1960s: leading soloists and collectives." PHILHARMONICA. International Music Journal, no. 2 (February 2023): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-613x.2023.2.40897.
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The subject of the study is the creativity of the leaders of the Moscow jazz school of the 1950s and 1960s: the variety orchestra at the Moscow State Orchestra under the direction of E. Rosner, the jazz orchestra of the Central Chamber of Artists Yu. The Saul Variety Orchestra conducted by O. Lundstrom. The article summarizes the results of the study of the domestic jazz art of the 1950s and 1960s, substantiates the trend in the development of instrumental jazz, and characterizes the repertoire policy of Moscow jazz ensembles. The hypothesis of the influence on the development of the national jazz art of the 1950s and 1960s of those innovations that were formed in American and European jazz of the 1940s and 1950s is substantiated. The characteristics of the performing styles of the leading metropolitan soloists and collectives are given, their role in the development of the Moscow jazz school is determined. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the performing styles of the leading Moscow jazz soloists and ensembles of the 1970s and 1980s, which allowed us to substantiate the hypothesis of the influence on the domestic jazz art of trends formed in American and European jazz of the 1940s and 1950s. They are based on the principle of dominance of small groups of participants, the desire to improve technical and expressive capabilities all instruments of the ensemble, based on the use of the artistic potential of the solo parts. The peculiarity of the Moscow jazz ensembles, which along with Leningrad and Baltic ensembles were the flagships of the national jazz art of the 1970s and 1980s, was the strengthening of experimental orientation in the field of expanding the timbre palette of ensemble sound through the use of electronic instruments and sonoristics techniques. The tendency of advancing the timbre-coloristic aspect of musical sound to the forefront of creative searches brings the sphere of jazz and academic art of the second half of the XX century closer.
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Vesić, Ivana, and Vesna Peno. "The structural transformation of the sphere of musical amateurism in socialist Yugoslavia: A case study of the Beogradski madrigalisti choir." New Sound, no. 51 (2018): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1851043v.
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In this paper we focused on investigating how the sphere of musical amateurism functioned in Yugoslavia in the decades following the end of WWII. Observing through changes in the role and significance of amateur music ensembles, specifically choirs, in Yugoslav society from the late 1940s until the late 1960s/early 1970s that were manifest in their de-massification, gradual professionalisation and extensive use in cultural diplomacy, we sought to explain that this involved multiple factors - above all, the shifts in Yugoslav international policy after the confrontation with the Soviet Union in 1948, and, consequently, the revisions of its cultural policies. Their influence was observed through a detailed examination of the activities of the Beogradski madrigalisti choir, from its foundation in 1951 until the late 1960s/early 1970s. Although it was unique among Yugoslav choirs in many respects, the early history of this ensemble clearly reflected the demand for excellence in the sphere of amateur performance from the 1950s onwards, one of the most prominent indicators of its deep structural transformation.
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Paliienko, Sergii. "PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC HISTORY IN THE SOVIET ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE 1940S – 1960S: DECLARED PRINCIPLES AND FORMS OF PRACTICAL REALIZATION." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 43 (2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2021.43.6.
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The background of institualization of the Soviet theoretical archaeology, which was a subdiscipline and phenomenon existing from the early 1970s till the early 1990s, is one of important topics. A study of ethnogeny and ethnic history problems on the base of archaeological data was one of the main features of the Soviet archaeology in the second half of 1940s – 1960s. That’s why it is actual to recognize which main principles were declared in this field, how they were changed and practically realized. There are no books dedicated to the history of the Soviet archaeology in the 1940s – 1960s or to the mentioned above topic but certain aspects have been studied by scholars. Sources of this research are publications from the journal “Soviet archaeology” including leading articles and documents from scientific archives of the IA NAS of Ukraine and the IHMC RAS. The Soviet archaeologists started to work under ethnogeny and ethnic history problems in the middle of the 1930s and researches were going on after the WW2. In the Soviet republics complex archaeological and ethnographic expeditions began their activity and joint sessions with ethnographers and linguists were held for the purpose of complex examination of certain ethnic nationalities Since the beginning of the 1950s an identification of archaeological cultures, determination of their interrelationship and correlation with ancient language communities were defined as the main way to study ethnic history. This approach was used in researches on almost all periods and was actual at the beginning of the 1970s. Paleoethnologic problematique was important in activity of central archaeological establishments of the USSR and the UkSSR. Archaeologists were authors of fundamental books on the history of certain folks of the USSR. But during the 1960s these problems were scarcely discussing on methodological workshops of the IA AS USSR and its Leningrad branch and there papers on this topic were almost not presented on meetings of the academic council and departments in Leningrad. That time an ethnical interpretation of archaeological cultures became an obligatory part of fundamental archaeological research that’s why there were discussions only on certain problems. But a difference in approaches of scholars and insufficient elaboration of methodological principles for ethnic history studies aroused interest to theoretical issues which was one of causes of the Soviet theoretical archaeology appearance in the early 1970s.
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Horáček, Martin. "Czy to zawsze kwestia stylu? Problem właściwej terminologii architektonicznej w renowacjach zamków w Czechach i na Morawach od lat 90-tych XIX wieku do lat 20-tych XX wieku." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 18 (December 30, 2023): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/odk.3447.
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This study addresses castle renovations from the turn of the twentieth century up until the present, focusing on their stylistic aspect. Although castles (both ruined and inhabited) have been considered prominent subjects of heritage conservation since the beginning of the conservation movement, they require architectural additions to further their integration into contemporary life, even if a strictly conservationist approach is applied. In contrast to nineteenth-century European attitude to conservation, the twentieth- and twenty-first-century conservation professionals mostly recommend that the new elements comply with the preserved composition or scale, leaving the question of their style (i.e. a coherent architectural vocabulary) open. The study examines selected Czech examples that feature a substantial newly-added layer (Gothic in Bouzov, the 1890s–1900s; Art Nouveau and Art Deco in Nové Město nad Metují, the 1910s–1920s; Classical in Prague Castle, the 1920s–1950s; Technocratic in Lipnice, the 1970s–1980s; Romantic in Častolovice, the 1990s; Minimalist in Helfštýn, the 2010s). Drawing on these examples, the analysis raises the following questions: how should new additions relate to the authenticity and integrity of the renovated monuments and what variables influence this relationship? Should conservation authorities regulate the vocabulary of modern interventions?
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Rohlf, Greg. "Women as State-Builders in Qinghai Province: Evidence from the 2000 Census." China Quarterly 190 (June 2007): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741007001294.
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AbstractDuring the Qing dynasty, the expansion of the Chinese empire was led by male-dominated institutions. This pattern continued into the first decades of the People's Republic of China. Qinghai province was on the receiving end of largely male population transfers beginning in the 1950s. In the 1960s and 1970s, in-migration continued at lower levels but the gender balance of in- and out-migration shifted. Official population figures show that the population of Han women grew faster than Han men in the 1960s and 1970s despite ongoing male resettlement and sex ratios at birth that favoured males. The faster rate of growth for Han women is therefore most likely to be the result of population transfers to Qinghai, rather than births or deaths. One can also see evidence of population transfers of women in the 1960s and 1970s in two middle-aged cohorts of Qinghai's urban population in 2000 that are dominated by females. It is likely that this bulge in the numbers of middle-aged women in Qinghai's municipalities has been produced by population transfers and that it reflects a state policy to adjust the imbalanced gender ratios it had created in the 1950s.
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Nudeshima, Jiro, and Takaomi Taira. "A brief note on the history of psychosurgery in Japan." Neurosurgical Focus 43, no. 3 (September 2017): E13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.6.focus17255.
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In Japan, there has been no neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders since the 1970s. Even deep brain stimulation (DBS) has not been studied or used for psychiatric disorders. Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders has been thwarted by social taboos for many years, and psychiatrists today seem to simply ignore modern developments and therapies offered by neurosurgery such as DBS. As a result, most patients and their families do not know such “last-resort” options exist.Historically, as in other countries, frontal lobotomies were widely performed in Japan in the 1940s and 1950s, and some Japanese neurosurgeons used stereotactic methods for the treatment of psychiatric disorders until the 1960s. However, in the 1960s and 1970s such surgical treatments began to receive condemnation based on political judgment, rather than on medical and scientific evaluation. Protest campaigns at the time hinged on the prevailing political beliefs, forming a part of the new “left” movement against leading authorities across a wide range of societal institutions including medical schools. Finally, the Japanese Society for Psychiatry and Neurology banned the surgical treatment for psychiatric disorders in 1975. Even today, Japan’s dark history continues to exert an enormous negative influence on neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.
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Kurki, Tuulikki. "Non-Russian Language Space and Border in Russian Karelian Literature." Culture Unbound 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 1095–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1461095.
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This article examines Finnish language literature in Russian Karelia on the Russian–Finnish national borderland from the 1940s until the 1970s. It focuses on the concepts of the non-Russian language space and border that are constructed and studied in the context of three novels: Iira (1947), Tiny White Bird (1961), and We Karelians (1971). The article claims that the non-Russian language space and the national border started to be understood differently from the official degrees dictated by Moscow, as found in literature already from the late 1950s and early 1960s. From the 1950s onwards, the historical, linguistic, and cultural roots across the national border and the Finnish population were allowed to be recognized in literature. Furthermore, this article claims that in the 1970s, literature was able to represent such regional history, and also the closeness and permeability of the national border that influenced the lives of the Soviet Karelian non-Russian speaking population and their identity formation. This led to different ideas of the national border, in which the border and its functions and meanings became gradually more multi-voiced, ambivalent and controversial, in comparison to the conceptualization of the border as presenting a strict, impermeable boundary.
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Fushimi, Hiroji, Koukichi Kamiyama, Kouichi Kitaoka, and Kouichi Ikegami. "Fluctuations of Sedimentary Environments of the Gyajo Glacier, Khumbu Region, East Nepal." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1985aog6-1-258-260.
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Studies on the snow-layer stratigraphy were carried out at the Gyajo glacier, Khumbu region, East Nepal from 1973 to 1978. The ages of the snow layers were determined by stratigraphy and tritium analyses, and the fluctuations of sedimentary environments of the Gyajo Glacier, the lower type of a glacier located below 6,000 m in the Nepal Himalayas, were clarified from 1940s to 1975 in relation to the climatic changes. The results are: (1) It is likely that one snow layer per year is preserved divided by dirt bands: there are depositional periods ranging for 4-9 years, interrupted by depositional gaps (lacuna) lasting several years. Such stratifications contrast with such higher glaciers as the Khumbu Glacier, where two snow layers per year are formed with continuous deposition. (2) The ages of snow layers were determined by variation of tritium concentrations due to the thermonuclear tests series of 1950s-1970s. From 1940s to 1960s, the net annual balances have a decreasing trend from 450 to 45 mm, while annual balances are relatively large at the start of the 1970s, ranging from 540 to 270 mm, due to the increased precipitation.
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Fushimi, Hiroji, Koukichi Kamiyama, Kouichi Kitaoka, and Kouichi Ikegami. "Fluctuations of Sedimentary Environments of the Gyajo Glacier, Khumbu Region, East Nepal." Annals of Glaciology 6 (1985): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500010533.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on the snow-layer stratigraphy were carried out at the Gyajo glacier, Khumbu region, East Nepal from 1973 to 1978. The ages of the snow layers were determined by stratigraphy and tritium analyses, and the fluctuations of sedimentary environments of the Gyajo Glacier, the lower type of a glacier located below 6,000 m in the Nepal Himalayas, were clarified from 1940s to 1975 in relation to the climatic changes. The results are: (1) It is likely that one snow layer per year is preserved divided by dirt bands: there are depositional periods ranging for 4-9 years, interrupted by depositional gaps (lacuna) lasting several years. Such stratifications contrast with such higher glaciers as the Khumbu Glacier, where two snow layers per year are formed with continuous deposition. (2) The ages of snow layers were determined by variation of tritium concentrations due to the thermonuclear tests series of 1950s-1970s. From 1940s to 1960s, the net annual balances have a decreasing trend from 450 to 45 mm, while annual balances are relatively large at the start of the 1970s, ranging from 540 to 270 mm, due to the increased precipitation.
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Crawford, C. J. "Evidence for spring mountain snowpack retreat from a Landsat-derived snow cover climate data record." Cryosphere Discussions 7, no. 3 (May 31, 2013): 2089–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-7-2089-2013.
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Abstract. A Landsat snow cover climate data record (CDR) of visible mountain snow-covered area (SCA) across interior northwestern USA during spring was compared with ground-based snow telemetry (SNOTEL) snow-water-equivalent (SWE) measurements and mean surface temperature and total precipitation observations. Landsat spring SCA on 1 June was positively correlated with 15 May and 1 June SWE, negatively correlated with spring temperatures (April–June), and positively correlated with March precipitation. Using linear regression with predicted residual error sum-of-squares (PRESS) cross-validation, spring SCA was reconstructed (1901–2009) for the mountains of central Idaho and southwestern Montana using instrumental spring surface temperature records. The spring SCA reconstruction shows natural internal variability at interannual to decadal timescales including above average SCA in the 1900s, 1910s, 1940s-1970s, and below average SCA in the 1920s, 1930s, and since the mid 1980s. The reconstruction also reveals a~centennial trend towards decreasing spring SCA with estimated losses of −36.2 % since 1901. Based on the inferred thermal relationship between temperature and snow, strong evidence emerges for mountain snowpack retreat triggered by spring warming, a signal that includes both feedback and response mechanisms. Expanding snow cover CDRs to include additional operational satellite retrievals will add temporal SCA estimates during other snow accumulation and melt intervals for improved satellite-instrumental climate model calibration. Merging Landsat snow cover CDRs with instrumental climate records is a formidable method to monitor climate-driven changes in western US snowpack extent over 20th and 21st centuries.
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Erickson, David J. "Community Capitalism: How Housing Advocates, the Private Sector, and Government Forged New Low-Income Housing Policy, 1968–1996." Journal of Policy History 18, no. 2 (April 2006): 167–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2006.0003.
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The commonly accepted story about the U.S. welfare state is that it developed between the 1930s and the late 1960s and then suffered a series of policy and political setbacks during the 1970s, which triggered a political backlash. Conservative politicians from Richard Nixon to Ronald Reagan successfully harnessed white middle-class anger over government programs in order to roll back the welfare state. At first glance, the fate of federal programs that subsidize apartments for low-income tenants confirms this narrative: the federal government created housing programs during the New Deal; it added to them significantly during the 1960s. In the late 1960s and 1970s, bad press, conservative attacks, and policy mistakes triggered cutbacks in the 1980s.
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Győri, Róbert. "Communist Geography Instead of Nationalist Geography: The New Cadres and the Case of Sándor Radó." Hungarian Cultural Studies 8 (January 22, 2016): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2015.222.
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This article provides an introduction to the scholarly career of Sándor Radó (1899-1981), one of the leading Hungarian geographers and cartographers of the 1960s and 1970s. Belonging to a generation of newcomers who took control of every aspect of Hungarian scholarly life in the 1950s after the ousting of the old elite, Radó’s scholarly path was not unique. The complete transformation of Hungarian geography was deeply embedded within this broader process, as its nature, approaches, conduct, and institutional organization was rearranged along Marxist-Leninist ideological lines. A critical examination of Radó’s career and his scientific work, therefore, helps us to understand how Hungarian science functioned during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and provides insight into the practice of career and institution building, and thus reveals the atmosphere within which scientific results were achieved.
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ZHURKOVA, DARIA A. "Reflecting on “Red Laughter”: English-Language Studies of Soviet Comedy." Art and Science of Television 18, no. 4 (2022): 13–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30628/1994-9529-2022-18.4-13-40.
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In this article, I address foreign English-language works on Soviet film comedy, tracing the waves of researchers’ interest to it, and identifying the time periods as well as film directors attracting scholars most often. The first surge of interest in Soviet film comedy came in the first half of the 1990s and was largely associated with the fall of the Iron Curtain. The major subject of research during those years were Soviet avant-garde cinema of the 1920s, musical comedies of the 1930s, and films of the Perestroika period. The second wave came in the 2010s with the emigration of a large number of Russian scholars who had personally witnessed the Soviet Union. Thanks to them, the range of the studied material has significantly expanded through the analysis of film comedies of the 1960s and 1970s. The main thematic directions and topics in the study of the comedy genre are structured in accordance with the history of film timeline. Soviet comedies of the 1920s–1930s are of specific interest to foreign researchers in terms of the ideological regulation of art, as well as in terms of how the mythology of the new socialist society was formed, and how Soviet filmmakers adapted or rejected Western standards. In the comedies of the 1960s and 1970s, scholars analyze the discordance between declared and unspoken humor and study the Aesopian language of famous comedy film directors (Ryazanov and Gaidai above all). Finally, in late-Soviet films, researchers note the growth of absurdist motifs as a sign of a complete and no longer hidden disillusionment with communist ideals.
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Passmore, V., and R. Towner. "A History of Geological Exploration in the Canning Basin, Western Australia." Earth Sciences History 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.2.jm774585j6382583.
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The Canning Basin in northern Western Australia is a large, relatively remote, mainly desert-covered Phanerozoic basin covering 595 000 sq km. Aborigines probably first entered the basin area 30-40 000 years ago, but the main European expeditions were not until the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Geological exploration in the basin has been largely devoted to the discovery and exploitation of natural resources, primarily oil. Earliest geological traverses were conducted by geologists of the Geological Survey of Western Australia (GSWA). The accidental discovery of traces of oil in a water well in 1919 in the northern part of the basin diverted exploration to assessment of sediments and structures for petroleum potential. The earliest phase of oil exploration was a pioneering phase, concentrating on surface mapping and surface delineated structures as drilling sites, that was dominated by the Freney Kimberley Oil Company. West Australia Petroleum Ltd became the most active oil exploration company in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, using geophysics as an exploration tool in petroleum search in the basin. The late 1970s and 1980s saw an influx of companies and the application of diverse scientific approaches to the oil search. Persistence was rewarded in 1981 and 1982 with the discovery of the Blina and Sundown fields, small commercial oil accumulations. Commonwealth Government involvement in exploration was initially in the form of financial aid to exploring companies or commissioning specialist consultants for special studies. In the 1940s and 1950s and again in the 1970s the Bureau of Mineral Resources carried out basin-wide regional geological mapping in conjunction with the GSWA; onshore and offshore geophysical surveys were conducted until the 1970s. Exploration has revealed exploitable resources in the basin besides oil - diamonds, lead-zinc, coal, salt, phosphate, uranium, and heavy minerals. Only lead-zinc has present economic viability.
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Jaiser, Gerhard. "Tense Harmony: Thai Cinema and Popular Music." Plaridel 15, no. 1 (June 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2018.15.1-04jaiser.
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This paper follows the development of the special connection between Thai cinema and Thai popular music from the 1920s onward. The main argument is that the two dominant musical styles of luk krung and luk thung have become representative of different social groups within Thailand and that this diversification can also be found in Thai cinema. Luk thung, identified with the rural poor, was mostly rejected by producers and audience during the 1950s and 1960s. Only from the 1970s onward did a cinematic style that represented this sector of Thai society and culture develop. In this sense, one can view Thai cinema as an archive of Thai popular music.
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Lang, Kevin, and Russell Weinstein. "The Consequences of Teenage Childbearing before Roe v. Wade." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20130482.
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Using five cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth, we estimate the effect of teen motherhood on education, labor market, and marriage outcomes for teens conceiving from 1940 through 1968. Effects vary by marital status at conception, socioeconomic background, and year. Effects on teens married at conception were limited. However, teen mothers conceiving premaritally obtained less education and had a weaker marriage market. Teen mothers of the 1940s–1950s, affected by subsequent economic and social changes, were disadvantaged in the labor market of the 1970s. In the 1960s, teens for whom motherhood would be costly increasingly avoided pregnancy. (JEL I21, J13, J16, J23, J24, N32)
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Bishop, Claire. "The Perils and Possibilities of Dance in the Museum: Tate, MoMA, and Whitney." Dance Research Journal 46, no. 3 (December 2014): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767714000497.
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This article argues that the art world's current fascination for dance follows on from a previous high point of interaction in the late 1960s and 1970s, and before that, a moment in the late 1930s and early 1940s. It traces these first, second, and third waves of dance in the museum at three institutions: the Tate in London, and the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York. Three institutional histories are sketched, drawing out the differences between their approaches. The conclusion presents the four most pressing possibilities/problems of presenting dance in the museum: historical framing, spectatorship, altering the work's meaning, and financial support.
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Cherney, Brian. "How I Might Have Become a Composer." Personal Views 37, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059883ar.
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Brian Cherney reflects on his childhood and youth in Peterborough, Ontario, in the 1940s and 1950s and his musical studies at the University of Toronto. He considers the varied influence that family, recordings, CBC broadcasts, attending live concerts, piano lessons, reading about music, and spending time in Europe in the late 1960s had in shaping his emerging interest in becoming a composer. Cherney considers that it was only in the mid-1970s, after his appointment to McGill in 1972, that he developed the self-awareness, critical insight, and confidence to become a mature composer … someone who dared, in T.S. Eliot’s words, to “disturb the universe.”
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Delanghe, Henri. "Postwar Japanese Cotton Textile Investment in Brazil, 1955–1980." Enterprise & Society 6, no. 1 (March 2005): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700014300.
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The literature suggests that cotton textiles should be unattractive for foreign direct investment (FDI). The product is largely undifferentiated; sellers need an intimate knowledge of local markets; and textiles use process technology, which multinational firms cannot monopolize. Indeed, since the 1970s, cotton textiles has been one of the few industries in Brazil in which local capital dominates, joint ventures prevail, and American firms are almost completely absent. Yet, between 1955 and the mid-1970s, Brazil saw significant foreign direct investment in textiles from Japanese firms. There were two successive waves of Japanese investment in the Brazilian cotton textile industry. The first ran from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s. The second took place from the late 1960s to the mid-1970s. Four Japanese textile firms participated in the first wave—Kanebo, Toyobo, Tsuzuki, and Unitika. Four more—Daiwa, Kurabo, Nisshinbo, and Omi—participated in the second wave.
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Кукулин [Kukulin], Илья [Ilya]. "Приватизация бунта: “вторая жизнь” раннесоветского монтажа [Privatization of a riot: “Second life” of the early Soviet montage]". Sign Systems Studies 41, № 2/3 (7 листопада 2013): 266–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2013.41.2-3.08.
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Privatization of a riot: “Second life” of the early Soviet montage. This paper deals with montage in the broad sense of the term: it is discussed not as a principle of film editing, but as an aesthetic method based on the contrasting combination of elements; in the case of literary narrative, montage can be defined as a contrasting parataxis. Being understood in that sense, montage became an international “grand style” of the post-WWI epoch. In the Soviet Union this new method had many ideological connotations. It represented history (the historical process as such) as creative and cruel violence. Otherwise, art montage was a method of designing the utopian vision. The following development of montage in Russian culture could be defined as a change of its semantic. It was expelled from the Socialist Realism mainstream (excluding poster graphics), but survived in unofficial art of the 1940s and became postutopian. During the “Thaw” period (the late 1950s to the early 1960s) montage methods could indicate the connection of an author with the Soviet or Western European avant-garde of the 1920s. The reconsideration of those methods followed two different ways: imitation of the “resurrection of revolutionary impulses” or deconstruction of Soviet historical and social imagination – also with the tools of montage. This very intensive dialogue with the aesthetic tradition of the 1920s came to an end at the beginning of the 1970s. The authors of uncensored art and literature in that period polemicized not with the 1920s, but with the 1960s. The “living” translation of the early Soviet montage aesthetics has been settled.
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Llorca-Jaña, Manuel, Diego Barría Traverso, Diego del Barrio Vásquez, and Javier Rivas. "Malnutrition Rates in Chile from the Nitrate Era to the 1990s." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 12, 2021): 13112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413112.
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Following Salvatore and the WHO, in this article, we provide the first long-term estimates of malnutrition rates for Chile per birth cohort, measured through stunting rates of adult males born from the 1870s to the 1990s. We used a large sample of military records, representative of the whole Chilean population, totalling over 38 thousand individuals. Our data suggest that stunting rates were very high for those born between the last three decades of the nineteenth century and the first two decades of the twentieth century. In addition, stunting rates increased from the 1870s to the 1900s. Thereafter, there was a clear downward trend in stunting rates (despite some fluctuations), reaching low levels of malnutrition, in particular, from the 1960s (although these are high if compared to developed countries). The continuous decrease in stunting rates from the 1910s was mainly due to a combination of factors, the importance of which varied over time, namely: Improved health (i.e., sharp decline in infant mortality rates during the whole period); increased energy consumption (from the 1930s onwards, but most importantly during the 1990s); a decline in poverty rates (in particular, between the 1930s and the 1970s); and a reduction in child labour (although we are less able to quantify this).
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Mamonova, Irina G. "Kinetic Art: The Leningrad Experience, the 1920s–1990s." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Arts 13, no. 3 (2023): 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu15.2023.306.
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Kinetic works of Leningrad artists have never been studied as a separate topic. In 1965–1967, kinetic art broke into the Leningrad art scene with bright projects of a Moscow artist collective called “Dvizhenie” (“the Movement”). Soon, several young Leningrad artists became active members of the collective. At the beginning of the 1970s, the impulse given by the “Dvizhenie” led to the formation of an independent Leningrad art collective which worked on color music kinetic art performances but broke up short afterwards. Is it possible to talk about some kind of a separate Leningrad branch of kineticism? Leningrad artists whose works in the 1960s, the 1970s and later periods were related to the kinetic art perspective, and even explicitly aligned with it, did not identify themselves with kineticism. Even in the 2010s, no one talked about kineticism in connection with some exhibitions in Saint Petersburg which presented completely kinetic works of art. Today, in the wake of the growing interest in this movement in Russia in the context of recent exhibitions, the concept of kineticism has expanded to include new names. The article considers activities of Leningrad artists associated with this art movement in the field of theatrical kinetic performances (the “Dynamic” collective), three-dimensional counter-relief objects (L. Borisov), color light music and paintings visualizing music (V. Afanasyev), and architectural design / color light music projects (A. Lanin). The study also traces parallels between proto-kinetic works of Leningrad avant-garde of the 1910s–1920s, and works of Leningrad kinetic artists of the 1960s–1970s.
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Arekeeva, S. T., and L. P. Fedorova. "ROLE AND PLACE OF PERIPHERAL WRITERS’ ARTISTIC CREATION IN THE HISTORY OF UDMURT LITERATURE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 4 (August 26, 2022): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-4-889-894.
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The article studies the role and place of peripheral writers in the history of the development of Udmurt literature on the example of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan representatives. It highlights four generations of authors: a) generation of the 1900s-1920s, b) 1920s-1950s, c) 1950s-1970s, and d) 1980s-2010s. It identifies iconic figures of each period and studies the historical and cultural backgrounds that caused the phenomenon of their emergence. For the first time in the history of Udmurt literature, it attempts to make a comparative analysis of the socio-cultural factors that influenced the emergence of writers’ artistic personality among Udmurts of Zakamsk and Zavyatsk and caused the conceptual differences in their works in terms of understanding the world and human being. The article highlights and provides the general and specific features peculiar to the world perception and creative style of the authors that come from Tatarstan and Bashkortostan. It pays attention to specific creative personalities and their contribution to the development of Udmurt literature.
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Smith, Evan. "'A last stubborn outpost of a past epoch': The Communist Party of Great Britain, national liberation in Zimbabwe and anti-imperialist solidarity." Twentieth Century Communism 18, no. 18 (March 30, 2020): 64–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/175864320829334825.
Full textAbstract:
The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) had been involved in anti-colonial and anti-imperialist campaigns since the 1920s and in the late 1950s, its members were instrumental in the founding of the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM). In the 1960s and 1970s, this extended to support for the national liberation movement in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. From the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, the CPGB threw its support behind the Soviet-backed Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU), instead of their rival, the Chinese-backed Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). When both groups entered into a short-term military and political alliance in 1976, the Patriotic Front, this posed a possible problem for the Communist Party and the AAM, but publicly these British organisations proclaimed solidarity with newly created PF. However this expression of solidarity and internationalist links quickly untangled after the 1980 elections, which were convincingly won by ZANU-PF and left the CPGB's traditional allies, ZAPU, with a small share of seats in the national parliament. This article explores the contours of the relationship between the CPGB, the broader Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain and its links with the organisations in Zimbabwe during the war of national liberation, examining the opportunities and limits presented by this campaign of anti-imperial solidarity.
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Ness, Norman F. "Pioneering the swinging 1960s into the 1970s and 1980s." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 101, A5 (May 1, 1996): 10497–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96ja00138.
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Thompson, Katherine F., and Elaine R. Homestead. "Middle School Organization through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s." Middle School Journal 35, no. 3 (January 2004): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2004.11461433.
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Mathews, Timoty. "Observations from the U.S. Federal Income Tax to Distinguish Between Measures of Progressivity and Redistributive Capacity." Central European Public Administration Review 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2016.1.01.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides insights on the attributes of a tax that are measured by two different classes of progressivity indices – those defined by Kakwani (1977), Suits (1977), Stroup (2005), and Mathews (2016) and those defined by Musgrave & Thin (1948) and Reynolds & Smolensky (1977). Index values are determined for the U.S. Federal Income Tax from 1929 through 2010. These values illustrate that the indices of Kakwani, Suits, Stroup, and Mathews gauge the progressivity of the tax, while those of Musgrave & Thin and Reynolds & Smolensky measure the redistributive capacity of the tax. In the early 1940s the progressivity of this tax significantly decreased at the same time when the redistributive capacity of the tax significantly increased. Since the mid-1970s this tax has (i) been more progressive than it was from the early 1950s through the mid-1970s and (ii) redistributed income to a greater degree than it did from the early 1950s through the mid-1970s.