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1
Green, A. Richard, Jeffrey K. Aronson, and Peter M. Haddad. "Examining the ‘psychopharmacology revolution’ (1950–1980) through the advertising of psychoactive drugs in the British Medical Journal." Journal of Psychopharmacology 32, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1056–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881118796810.
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Background: Many modern pharmaceutical products were launched during 1950–1980, as reflected in advertisements in the British Medical Journal ( BMJ). One of the first therapeutic areas to benefit from novel effective medications was psychiatry. Methods: We examined BMJ advertising material between 1950 and 1980, including every other issue over six-month periods (October–March) in 1950/1951, 1955/1956, 1957/1958, 1960/1961, 1962/1963, 1965/1966, 1967/1968, 1970/1971, 1972/1973, 1975/1976, 1980/1981. We recorded numbers of adverts for all pharmaceutical products and for psychiatric drugs; we also recorded trade names, generic names and marketing company. Results: Advertising in BMJ peaked in the 1960s and declined markedly in the 1970s. Adverts for psychiatric drugs as a percentage of total pharmaceutical product advertising was broadly similar during 1955–1980, but with peaks in 1960/1961, 1970/1971 and 1975/1976, reflecting the entry of several novel compounds into the market. The peak marketing of antipsychotic drugs, sedatives and anxiolytic drugs was in 1960 and of antidepressants 1970. The time course of the rise of tricyclics and the switch from barbiturates to benzodiazepines can be seen. Drugs for psychiatry rose from ninth (1955/1956) to fourth (1975/1976) in terms of the number of products in the top 10 therapeutic areas. There is no evidence that they were advertised more aggressively (number of adverts/number of products). Conclusions: The birth of modern psychopharmacology is reflected in th e advertising of psychiatric drugs in BMJ. Many drugs currently used, or their closely related successors, were launched in the early to mid-1960s. This rise in modern pharmaceuticals preceded several other major therapeutic areas.
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Yotopoulos, Pan A. "A 'World' Distribution of Income and of Real Poverty and Affluence (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): 275–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i3pp.275-308.
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Since the early 1970s, when income distribution became an operative objective of economic development (Chenery et al. 1974), knowledge on the subject has certainly improved. A number of analytical treatises have focused on the issue Pen (1971), Atkinson (1970), Cline (1975) and, more important, data on income distribution are routinely reported for about a score of developing countries (LDCs) and as many developed countries (Des) World Bank (1986), Jain (1975), Paukert (1973). These data deal with the within-country relative income distribution and report one or more of the common inequality measures. Moreover, for some countries measures of absolute poverty exist which report, e.g., the population that lives below a "poverty level", defmed in terms of consumption (calories) or income (for example, Dandekar and Rath (1971), Bardhan (1970), (1973), Fishlow (1972). Such measures of absolute poverty, if aggregated over a number of countries, give a measure of relative world poverty and an idea of how it is distributed between- countries. Cross-country comparisons have also been based on ranking various countries on the basis of their measures of relative income distribution.
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Palm, Günther, and Bertram Pöpel. "Volterra representation and Wiener-like identification of nonlinear systems: scope and limitations." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 18, no. 2 (May 1985): 135–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500005163.
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After the work of Marmarelis & Naka (1972, 1973) in the catfish retina, systems analysis using stochastic stimuli has had a boom in the seventies (e.g. McCann & Marmarelis, 1975; Eckert & Bishop, 1975; French & Wong, 1977; Lipson, 1975; McCann, 1974; Naka, Marmarelis & Chan, 1975; Spekreijse & Reits, 1982; Trimble & Phillips, 1978; Terzuolo et al. 1982). White-noise analysis was considered to be a general tool for investigating nonlinear systems gaining a maximum of information with a minimum of assumptions about the system. The modification of the original Wiener theory (Wiener, 1958; Cameron & Martin, 1947; McKean, 1972) by Lee & Schetzen (1965) made the theory fairly easy to implement into widely available computers and thus accessible to a larger number of experimenters.
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Robitaille, Norbert. "Application des tests statistiques à des populations exhaustives : l’exemple de la mortalité." Articles 9, no. 1 (January 6, 2009): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600811ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Le présent article est une réflexion concernant la pertinence d’appliquer des tests statistiques à des mesures fondées sur des populations exhaustives. Il appuie cette réflexion sur l’ensemble de Sainte-Lucie, petite île des Antilles pour laquelle on a observé de 1971 à 1975 la série de décès et de taux de mortalité suivante : 1971 : 796 (7,75%), 1972 : 947 (9,12%), 1973 : 840 (8,01%), 1974 : 829 (7,82%) et 1975 : 819 (7,65%) décès. La question posée par cet article est de savoir si les fluctuations observées dans les décès et les taux sont le fait du hasard.
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SMITH, SARAH M., ROGER A. BEAVER, WISUT SITTICHAYA, and ANTHONY I. COGNATO. "One hundred eighteen taxonomic changes among Xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." Zootaxa 5194, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.1.
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An ongoing study of the ambrosia beetle tribe Xyleborini has resulted in numerous taxonomic changes mostly representing new generic/species combinations which remove species from the once all-encompassing Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864 to other genera based on revised taxonomic concepts. These changes are here listed. Terminalinus Hopkins, 1915 is removed from synonymy with Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912 and reinstated as a valid genus. Five species are removed from synonymy and reinstated as valid species: Amasa brevipennis (Schedl, 1971), Amasa fulgens (Schedl, 1975), Ambrosiophilus immitatrix (Schedl, 1975), Ambrosiophilus semirufus (Schedl, 1959), Microperus leprosulus (Schedl, 1936). The following 97 new or restored combinations are proposed: Ambrosiophilus bispinosulus (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus compressus (Lea, 1894) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus latecompressus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus pertortuosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus tomicoides (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus tortuosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Euwallacea obliquecauda (Motschulsky, 1863) comb. nov., all from Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915; Coptodryas decepta (Schedl, 1979) comb. nov., Microperus pusillus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., both from Arixyleborus Hopkins, 1915; Coptodryas pseudopunctula (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., from Cnestus Sampson, 1911; Microperus abbreviatus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Microperus amphicauda (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., Microperus borneensis (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., Microperus comptus (Sampson, 1919) comb. nov., Microperus gorontalosus (Schedl, 1939) comb. nov., Microperus pullus (Schedl, 1952) comb. nov., Microperus tenellus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Microperus vafer Schedl, 1957 comb. nov., all from Coptodryas Hopkins, 1915; Ambrosiophilus pityogenes (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Arixyleborus scapularis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Beaverium dihingicum (Wood, 1992) comb. nov., Beaverium rufonitidus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Coptodryas brevior (Eggers) comb. nov., Terminalinus dipterocarpi Hopkins, 1915 comb. res., Terminalinus sexspinatus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Terminalinus terminaliae (Hopkins, 1915) comb. res., Truncaudum leverensis (Browne, 1986) comb. nov., all from Cyclorhipidion Hagedorn, 1912; Planiculus kororensis (Wood, 1960) comb. nov., Planiculus loricatus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Planiculus murudensis (Browne, 1965) comb. nov., all from Euwallacea Reitter, 1915; Terminalinus anisopterae (Browne, 1983) comb. nov., Terminalinus indigens (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov., Terminalinus macropterus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Terminalinus major (Stebbing, 1909) comb. nov., Terminalinus pilifer (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Terminalinus posticepilosus (Schedl, 1951) comb. res., Terminalinus pseudopilifer (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Terminalinus sulcinoides (Schedl, 1974) comb. nov., all from Fortiborus Hulcr & Cognato, 2010; Microperus micrographus (Schedl, 1958) comb. nov., Microperus truncatipennis (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., both from Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913; Ambrosiophilus immitatrix (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov., Ambrosiophilus semirufus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Arixyleborus crenulatus (Eggers, 1920) comb. nov., Arixyleborus strombosiopsis (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov., Beaverium batoensis (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov., Beaverium calvus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Beaverium obstipus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Beaverium rufus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Coptodryas cuneola (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion amanicum (Hagedorn, 1910) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion impar (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion inaequale (Schedl, 1934) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion kajangensis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion obiensis (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion obtusatum (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion perpunctatum (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion repositum (Schedl) comb. nov., Cyclorhipidion separandum (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Debus abscissus (Browne, 1974) comb. nov., Debus amplexicauda (Hagedorn, 1910) comb. nov., Debus armillatus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Debus balbalanus (Eggers 1927) comb. nov., Debus blandus (Schedl, 1954) comb. nov., Debus cavatus (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Debus cylindromorphus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Debus dentatus (Blandford, 1895) comb. nov., Debus excavus (Schedl, 1964) comb. nov., Debus fischeri (Hagedorn, 1908) comb. nov., Debus hatanakai (Browne, 1983) comb. nov., Debus insitivus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Debus persimilis (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Debus subdentatus (Browne, 1974) comb. nov., Debus trispinatus (Browne, 1981) comb. nov., Diuncus taxicornis (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov., Euwallacea agathis (Browne, 1984) comb. nov., Euwallacea assimilis (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Euwallacea bryanti (Sampson, 1919) comb. nov., Euwallacea latecarinatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Euwallacea pseudorudis (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Euwallacea semipolitus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Euwallacea temetiuicus (Beeson, 1935) comb. nov., Immanus duploarmatus (Browne, 1962) comb. nov., Leptoxyleborus sublinearis (Eggers, 1940) comb. nov., Peridryocoetes pinguis (Browne, 1983) (Dryocoetini) comb. nov., Stictodex halli (Schedl, 1954) comb. nov., Stictodex rimulosus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Terminalinus granurum (Browne, 1980) comb. nov., Terminalinus indonesianus (Browne, 1984) comb. nov., Terminalinus moluccanus (Browne, 1985) comb. nov., Terminalinus pseudomajor (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov., Terminalinus sublongus (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov., Terminalinus takeharai (Browne) comb. nov., Terminalinus xanthophyllus (Schedl, 1942) comb. res., Tricosa abberrans (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Xenoxylebora truncatula (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov., Xyleborinus figuratus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Xylosandrus cancellatus (Eggers, 1936) comb. nov., all from Xyleborus. Fifteen new synonyms are proposed: Anisandrus ursulus (Eggers, 1923)(= Xyleborus lativentris Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion amanicus (Hagedorn, 1910)(= Xyleborus jongaensis Schedl, 1941 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion bodoanum (Reitter, 1913) (= Xyleborus takinoyensis Murayama, 1953 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff, 1878) (= Xyleborus okinosenensis Murayama, 1961 syn. nov.); Cyclorhipidion repositum (Schedl, 1942) (= Xyleborus pruinosulus Browne, 1979 syn. nov.); Debus persimilis (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus subdolosus Schedl, 1942c syn. nov.); Debus robustipennis (Schedl, 1954) (= Xyleborus interponens Schedl, 1954 syn. nov.); Euwallacea destruens (Blandford, 1896) (= Xyleborus procerior Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Euwallacea nigrosetosus (Schedl, 1939) (= Xyleborus nigripennis Schedl, 1951 syn. nov.); Euwallacea siporanus (Hagedorn, 1910) (= Xyleborus perakensis Schedl, 1942 syn. nov.); Microperus quercicola (Eggers, 1926) (= Xyleborus semistriatus Schedl, 1971 syn. nov.); Stictodex dimidiatus (Eggers, 1927) (= Xyleborus spicatus Browne, 1986 syn. nov.); Stictodex halli (Schedl, 1954) (= Xyleborus cuspidus Schedl, 1975 syn. nov.); Terminalinus Hopkins, 1915 (= Fortiborus Hulcr & Cognato 2010 syn. nov.); Terminalinus moluccanus (Browne, 1985) (= Xyleborus teminabani Browne, 1986 syn. nov.).
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Luchin, Vladimir A., and Vladimir I. Matveev. "Interannual variability of thermal state of the cold subsurface layer in the Okhotsk Sea." Izvestiya TINRO 187, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-187-205-216.
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Long-term variability of the cold subsurface water (CSW) in the Okhotsk Sea is analyzed on the base of all available oceanographic data collected in March through August of 1946-2015 (total 65,742 stations). The Integral Heat Content (IHC) is calculated for each station and average annual IHC anomalies of the cold subsurface water are determined by month and by 2-degree grid. The IHC anomaly series are analyzed using the EOF analysis. Cycles with period of approximately 30 years are revealed in the variations of the subsurface layer heat content. Thus, in the 1946-1950, its temperature decreased, but it grew since 2009-2010 to 2015. The warming of CSW was also observed in the 1951-1964 and 1978-1994, while the cooling was in the 1965-1977 and 1995-2008. Based on this criterion, the CSW thermal condition in certain years is classified as «extremely cold» in 2001, as «cold» in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2012, as «normal» in 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, as «warm» in 1948, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1974, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2015, and as «extremely warm» in 1963. Statistically significant correlation is found between changes of the CSW thermal conditions and long-term variations of atmosphere and ocean climate indices, as well as local patterns of the atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent onshore and offshore areas of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
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Baker, R. W. "The Role of Debris-Rich Ice in Flow Near the Margins of Glaciers (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s026030550000152x.
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The margins of many ice sheets and ice caps are marked by the presence of alternating layers of debris-laden and clean ice. The role of this ice in flow and sediment transport near the margins of glaciers has been the subject of considerable controversy between glacial geologists and glaciologists for over three decades.Glacial geologists (Goldthwait, 1951, 1960, 1971, 1975; Bishop, 1957; Souchez, 1967, Boulton, 1970, 1972; Hambrey, 1976) commonly refer to the debris-bearing ice bands as “thrust planes” or “shear planes”, apparently seeing them as reverse faults which transport rock debris from the glacier bed to the surface in a “conveyor-belt-like” manner (Goldthwait, 1975, p. 192). As supporting evidence for the shear-plane mechanism, glacial geologists have offered only qualitative observations and none seem to have actually observed it in action. Glaciologists on the other hand, particularly Weertman (1961), Hooke (1968; 1973), and Hooke and Hudleston (1978), have objected to this concept on physical grounds and have presented convincing arguments for doubting that it is mechanically sound. In spite of the controversy surrounding it, the shear-plane mechanism has gained wide acceptance among geologists and physical geographers and has been perpetuated in recent years through a number of popular introductory geology and physical geography textbooks (e.g. Embleton and King, 1975; Judson, Deffeyes, and Hargraves, 1976; Leet, Judson, and Kauffman, 1978; Press and Siever, 1982; Hamblin; 1982).
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Baker, R. W. "The Role of Debris-Rich Ice in Flow Near the Margins of Glaciers (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026030550000152x.
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The margins of many ice sheets and ice caps are marked by the presence of alternating layers of debris-laden and clean ice. The role of this ice in flow and sediment transport near the margins of glaciers has been the subject of considerable controversy between glacial geologists and glaciologists for over three decades. Glacial geologists (Goldthwait, 1951, 1960, 1971, 1975; Bishop, 1957; Souchez, 1967, Boulton, 1970, 1972; Hambrey, 1976) commonly refer to the debris-bearing ice bands as “thrust planes” or “shear planes”, apparently seeing them as reverse faults which transport rock debris from the glacier bed to the surface in a “conveyor-belt-like” manner (Goldthwait, 1975, p. 192). As supporting evidence for the shear-plane mechanism, glacial geologists have offered only qualitative observations and none seem to have actually observed it in action. Glaciologists on the other hand, particularly Weertman (1961), Hooke (1968; 1973), and Hooke and Hudleston (1978), have objected to this concept on physical grounds and have presented convincing arguments for doubting that it is mechanically sound. In spite of the controversy surrounding it, the shear-plane mechanism has gained wide acceptance among geologists and physical geographers and has been perpetuated in recent years through a number of popular introductory geology and physical geography textbooks (e.g. Embleton and King, 1975; Judson, Deffeyes, and Hargraves, 1976; Leet, Judson, and Kauffman, 1978; Press and Siever, 1982; Hamblin; 1982).
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Cranston, P. S., and D. R. Oliver. "ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE NEARCTIC ORTHOCLADIINAE (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 5 (May 1988): 425–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120425-5.
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AbstractFive new species, Apometriocnemus beringensis, Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bifurcatus, Doithrix dillonae, Hydrobaenus piloculus, and Paratrissocladius lawrencensis, are described. The following new combinations are established: Bryophaenocladius astis (Roback 1951b); Compterosmittia nerius (Curran 1930); Parakiefferiella subaterrima (Malloch 1915); Paratrichocladius nitidus (Malloch 1915); Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer 1926); and Zalutschia sivertseni (Aagard 1979). New genus name synonymies are Maricladius Sublette, 1970 with Parakiefferiella Thienemann, 1936; and Prosmittia Brundin, 1956 with Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer, 1932. New species name synonymies are Spaniotoma (Trichocladius) senex Johannsen, 1937 with Trichocladius nitidellus Malloch, 1915 (= Acricotopus nitidellus); Hydrobaenus traenis Roback, 1957b with Hydrobaenus astis Roback, 1957b (= Bryophaenocladius astis); Compterosmittia clavigera Saether, 1982 with Camptocladius nerius Curran, 1930 (= Compterosmittia nerius); Cricotopus flannagani Saether, 1971 with Cricotopus macraei Saether, 1971; Gymnometriocnemus marionensis Saether, 1969 with Metriocnemus subnudus Edwards, 1929 (= Gymnometriocnemus (Gymnometriocnemus) subnudus); Gymnometriocnemus (Raphidocladius) acigus Saether, 1983 with Metriocnemus brumalis Edwards, 1929 (= Gymnometriocnemus (Raphidocladius) brumalis); Limnophyes spatulosus Saether, 1975 with Limnophyes borealis Goetghebuer, 1933; Limnophyes cristatissimus Saether, 1975 with Camptocladius fumosus Johannsen, 1905 (= Limnophyes fumosus); Limnophyes hudsoni Saether, 1975 with Limnophyes immucronatus Saether, 1969; Hydrobaenus hudsoni Saether, 1977 with Chaetocladius (Parachaetocladius) abnobaeus Wülker, 1959 (= Parachaetocladius abnobaeus); Parakiefferiella torulata Saether, 1969 with Camptocladius subaterrimus Malloch, 1915 (= Parakiefferiella subaterrima); Trichocladius helis Roback, 1957b with Orthocladius nitidus Malloch, 1915 (= Paratrichocladius nitidus); Syncricotopus fontinalis Saether, 1969 with Chironomus rufiventris Meigen, 1830 (= Paratrichocladius rufiventris); Pseudorthocladius (Lordella) comans Saether and Sublette, 1983 with Pseudorthocladius (Lordella) wingoi Saether and Sublette, 1983; Smittia triappendiculata Goetghebuer, 1931 with Camptocladius forcipatus Goetghebuer, 1921 (= Pseudosmittia forcipatus); and Psilometriocnemus cristatus Saether, 1982 with Psilometriocnemus triannulatus Saether, 1969. Major new distribution records are given for 49 species including 8 Nearctic and 32 Canadian. A key to adult males of Nearctic Limnophyes is given.
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Suleiman, Michael W. "Survey Research in the Arab World: Challenges and Rewards." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 19, no. 2 (December 1985): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400016126.
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In the past fifteen years, the MESA Bulletin has published numerous reports about research facilities in various Middle East countries, including several on Arab states (Zartman 1970; Williams 1970; Brown, Rollman, and Waterbury 1970; Coury 1971; Raccagni and Simmons 1972; Hudson 1972; Bechtold 1973, Zghal and Karoui 1973; Miller 1973; Hale and Hale 1975; Rassam 1976; Mandaville 1979; Anderson 1980; Reinhart 1980; Clancy-Smith 1984; Crystal 1984). None of these, however, has focused on doing survey research in the region. In part, this seemed to indicate a lack of interest in, and/or feasibility for, carrying out this type of research. In fact, when in 1973 MESA members were asked to share with their colleagues the data from surveys they had carried out, only twenty-one individuals responded, and in only nine cases were there survey data gathered in Arab states (“A Preliminary Listing …” 1974). Since then, the situation has improved somewhat. Thus, Palmer et al. (1982) have compiled an analytical index detailing more than 350 studies using survey research techniques in different Arab countries. Also in 1983, an international conference on the evaluation and application of survey research in the Arab world was held at the Rockefeller Foundation’s Study and Conference Center in Bellagio, Italy. The Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation sponsored the conference, which was attended by twenty-four individuals from the United States and seven Arab countries. A book based on the papers and proceedings of the conference will be published soon, edited by Tessler et al. (forthcoming).
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Tjandra, H., and M. Munir. "Neonatal Tetanus." Paediatrica Indonesiana 18, no. 9-10 (June 13, 2017): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi18.9-10.1978.263-8.
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Analysis of 108 cases of Neonatal Tetanus by using a scoring system (Tjandra et al., 1974) revealed that 18 patients belonged to Grade I with a mortality rate of 5.6%; 43 belonged to Grade II with a mortality nate of 58.1%; and 47 belonged to Grade III with 91.5% mortality. The differences of mortality between the 3 groups are statistically significant. Mortality rate of 1973 was the lowest (50%) compared to that of 1972 (75%); 1974 (72.2%) and 1975 (61.4%). However, the number of patients belonging to Grade I in 1973 was the highest, 36.4%; whereas that of 1972 was 16.7%; 1974 was 11.1% and 1975 was 9.1 %. Classification of severity in Neonatal Tetanus is therefore, not only important for selecting a "treatment of choice" by comparing mortality rates of those having the same grade of severity, but may be also very useful in determining the method of treatment for different levels of severity.
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Wunder, Gerd. "Rezension von: 75 Jahre Liederkranz Eutendorf ..." Württembergisch Franken 60 (April 12, 2024): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/wfr.v60i.11320.
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75 Jahre Liederkranz Eutendorf. 1971. 43 S.125 Jahre Turn- und Sportverein Gaildorf. 1973.152 S.13. Bezirksmusikfest Hohenlohe. Gaildorf 1973. 48 S.140 Jahre Liederkranz Gaildorf. 1974. (36 S.)Zum 200jährigen Jubiläum und zum 6. Theresientaler Heimattreffen 1975 in Gaildorf. 16 S. Deutsche Lebensrettungsgesellschaft. 10jähriges Jubiläum Ortsgruppe Gaildorf 1974 (6 S.).
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Насипов, Илшат Сахиятуллович. "ПАМЯТИ АЛМАСА ГАЛИМЗЯНОВИЧА ШАЙХУЛОВА (21.10.1945 – 06.01.2022)." Российская тюркология 1, no. 36-37 (March 4, 2022): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2712-8121-2022-1-36-37-143-146.
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В г. Уфе 6 января 2022 г. на 77 году жизни ушел из жизни Шайхулов Алмас Галимзянович – известный тюрколог, доктор филологических наук, профессор. А.Г. Шайхулов родился 21 октября 1945 г. в рабочем поселке Туймазы Туймазинского района БАССР. В 1963 г. окончил Туймазинскую среднюю школу № 1. Трудовую деятельность начал рабочим – электрослесарем на Туймазинском заводе геофизприборов и аппаратуры. В 1964–1965 гг. работал учителем русскогоязыка и литературы Нижнебишиндинской восьмилетней школы Туймазинского района. После окончания в 1970 г. татарско-русского отделения филологического факультета БашГУ два года работал учителем русского языка и литературы в школе № 7 г. Туймазы.В 1972–1975 гг. учился в аспирантуре Института языкознания Российской академии наук, в секторе тюркских и монгольских языков.С 1975 г. работал в Башкирском государственном университете на кафедре татарского языка и литературы: ассистент, старший преподаватель, доцент, профессор. С 2009 г. – заведующий кафедрой татарской филологии и культуры,а с 2022 г. – главный научный сотрудник университета.
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Motta, Roberto M. C. "As contradições do modelo dedutivo em arqueologia e antropologia." Revista de Arqueologia 3, no. 1 (December 30, 1986): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24885/sab.v3i1.49.
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Em antropología pré-histórica, ou arqueologia antropológica, Binford (,1962, 1965, 1967, 1968a, 1968b, 1972, etcl aparece como o representante mais famoso do método dedutivo ou dedutivo-nomotético. Não se ignora a importância de outras publicações com idéias semelhantes e afins (Fritz & Plog, 1970; Martin, 1971;Plog, 1975; Watson et a\.11972, etc) mas, se se atém ao noticiário das revistas especializadas e ao testemunho virtualmente unânime de todos que têm escrito e falado sobre o assunto, é da cídidamente ao primeiro que cabe atribuir a liderança em propor e defender o paradigma da dedução em arqueologia.
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Warchałowski, Krzysztof. "Szkoły katolickie w obowiązujących konkordatach z państwami europejskimi." Prawo Kanoniczne 41, no. 3-4 (December 20, 1998): 199–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1998.41.3-4.08.
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In riasunto possiamo dire che le gestioni riguardanti l'educatione cattolica vengono regolati dai concordati con i seguenti paesi europei: Austria (1933 e 1962); Spagna (1979); Malta (1991); Germania (1933); Baviera (1924 /attualizzato nel 1968 e 1974/ 1966, 1970); Niedersachsen (1965, 1973, 1993); Renania-Palatinato (1969, 1973); Nordreno-Westfalia (1984), Saarland (1975, 1985); Portogallo (1940); Italia (1984); Israel (1993); Polonia (1993 ratificato 1998).
Le regolazioni riguardano le seguenti questioni:
I) Lo status delle scuole cattoliche;
2) I programmi delle scuole acttoliche;
3) I finanziamenti statali;
sovvenzioni materiali,
sovvenzioni personali,
sovvenzioni investitive.
4) Gli insegnanti delle scuole cattoliche;
5) Gli allunni delle scuole cattoliche;
6) 11 contrailo delle scuole cattoliche;
7) Il diritto di conferire certificati e diplomi.
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Smyth, William J., Colin A. Lewis, Nicholas Stephens, F. H. A. Aalen, F. W. Boal, James E. Killen, J. H. Andrews, J. A. K. Grahame, and Robin E. Glasscock. "Reviews of Books." Irish Geography 8, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1975.899.
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THE GILL HISTORY OF IRELAND. edited by J. Lydon and M. MacCurtain. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1972–75. 11 volumes. £11.30 the set. Reviewed by William J. SmythGEOLOGY AND SCENERY IN IRELAND, by J. B. Whittow. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1974. 301 pp. £1.00. Reviewed by Colin A. LewisLES MONTAGNES DE L'IRLANDE SEPTENTRIONALE, CONTRIBUTION A LA GÉOGRAPHIE PHYSIQUE DE LA MONTAGNE ATLANTIQUE, by Annie Reffay. Grenoble: Université Scientifique et Médicate, 1972. 614 pp. Reviewed by Nicholas StephensTHE IRISH: EMIGRATION, MARRIAGE, AND FERTILITY, by Robert E. Kennedy, Jr., Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1973. 236 pp. $10. Reviewed by F. H. A. AalenPREJUDICE AND TOLERANCE IN ULSTER, by Rosemary Harris. Manchester: the University Press. 1972. 234 pp. £3.00. Reviewed by F. W. BoalTHE JOURNEY TO WORK: A BEHAVIOURAL ANALYSIS, by P. N. O'Farrell and J. Markham. Oxford: Pergamon Press, Progress in Planning, Volume 3, Part 3, 1975, 106 pp. Reviewed by James E. KillenHUNTING IN IRELAND: AN HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, by Colin A. Lewis. London: J. A. Allen, 1975. 187 pp. £7.50. Reviewed by J. H. AndrewsTHE NARROW STREETS, by Kenneth McNallv. Belfast; Blackstafl Press, reprinted 1972. 00 pp. £2.50. Reviewed by J. A. K. GrahameULSTER LOCAL STUDIES. Londonderry: the New University of Ulster Institute of Continuing Education, Bulletin 1, September 1974. 8 pp. Bulletin 2. January 1975. 18 pp. Reviewed by Robin E. Glasscock
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Gnezdilov, V. M., S. Drosopoulos, and M. R. Wilson. "New data on taxonomy and distribution of some Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadina)." Zoosystematica Rossica 12, no. 2 (May 20, 2004): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2003.12.2.217.
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A new subgenus of the issid genus Bubastia Emeljanov, 1975 is erected – Capititudes subgen. n. (type species: Bubastia jatagana Dlabola, 1980) and subgeneric arrangement of the species is proposed. Hysterodus Dlabola, 1980 is placed in synonymy with Quadriva Ghauri, 1965 and Parahiracia Ôuchi, 1940 with Fortunia Distant, 1909 (Issidae). The following species names (Issidae) are placed in synonymy: Issus quadriguttatus Walker, 1851 with I. coleoptratus (Fabricius, 1781), Issus furtivus Walker, 1857 with I. praecedens Walker, 1857, Bubastia libanotica Dlabola, 1987 with B. ephialtes (Linnavuori, 1971), B. quadracuta Dlabola, 1980 with B. suturalis (Fieber, 1877), and Tshurtshurnella zebrina Dlabola, 1987 with T. trifasciata (Linnavuori, 1965). Hysteropterum maroccanum Lethierry, 1877 is transferred to the genus Bergevinium Gnezdilov, 2003, Mycterodus tunicatus Logvinenko, 1974 and M. allotrius Lukjanova, 1991 to the genus Quadriva Ghauri, 1965, Kervillea insulana (Dlabola, 1982) to the genus Rhissolepus Emeljanov, 1971, Prosonoma viridis Lallemand, 1942 to the genus Fortunia Distant, 1909, Colpoptera memnonia Fennah, 1955 to the genus Neocolpoptera Dozier, 1931 (Issidae), and Hysteropterum truncatellum Walker, 1851 to the genus Bilbilicallia Jacobi, 1928 (Nogodinidae). The genera Fortunia Distant, 1909, Scantinius Stеl, 1866, Pterygoma Melichar, 1903, Prosonoma Melichar, 1906, and Bardunia Stеl, 1863 are transferred to the tribe Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991 (Issidae). The genera Eupilis Walker, 1857, Tempsa Stеl, 1866, Gabaloeca Walker, 1870, Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895, and Ugoa Fennah, 1945 are transferred to the tribe Colpopterini Gnezdilov, 2003 (Issidae). New data on distribution of some species of the families Issidae, Caliscelidae, and Tropiduchidae are provided.
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Centeri, Csaba, and Ferenc Gyulai. "A világ természetvédelmének története 1971 és 1975 között (védett területek alapítása)." Tájökológiai Lapok 11, no. 1 (July 3, 2013): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3742.
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Az előző elemzett időszakot (1966–1970) követően 1971 és 1975 között 3908 védett terület alapítása történt a világon. Ennek a területnek egyik harmada a III-as, másik harmada pedig a IV-es IUCN kategóriát gazdagítja. A cikkben közölt adatok az IUCN kategóriarendszerébe sorolt védett területekre vonatkoznak. Az IUCN adatbázisa szerint a legtöbb területet 1971 és 1975 között Ukrajna alapította (779 terület). Jelen esetben az előző öt évhez képest csökkenést tapasztalhatunk az 1971 és 1975 között létrehozott védett természeti területek számát tekintve, ami megtöri az eddigi növekvő trendet a területalapítások számának vonatkozásában. A vizsgált időszakban (1971 és 1975 között) 220 nemzeti kategória létezett. A területnagyságok közül a 0 és 99 ha közötti méretű volt a leggyakoribb (közel a létrehozott területek számának a fele), bár az összes védett terület kiterjedésének ez mindössze 0,015%-át adta. Magyarországról 14 védett természeti terület került fel az IUCN listájára. Az időszak fontos fejleménye, hogy ebben az időszakban, 1973-ban alakult meg hazánk első nemzeti parkja, a Hortobágy területén belül. Ebben az időszakban a természetvédelem történelmi eseményei közül kiemelkedik két védett terület alapítása, méreteik miatt. Az egyik ezek közül a North East Greenland Nemzeti Park, amelynek területe 97,2 millió hektár, de Ausztrália is ekkor hozza létre a Great Barrier Reef Tengeri Parkot 34,4 millió hektár területen. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy ez az időszak kiemelkedő volt a védett természeti területek területi növekedése szempontjából.
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Esuruoso, G. O. "The Nature, Economics and Public Health Aspects of Bovine Brucellosis in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 3, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v3i2.2502.
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BOVINE Brucellosis is a disease of cattle which causes abortions, retained placenta, inferillity and cconomic losses in calf pro duction in the affected herds. This disease has been diagnosed in various parts of the country (Efurioso, 1974). Although some herds were found to be free, others were moderately infected, while others still were heavily infected. Unfortunately, some of the heavily infected cattle herds were at the breeding centres from where animal were usually sold out to beginners about to start their own foundation herds. Therefore a trail of brucellosis could be followed to many of these herds.
From currently available information (Esuruoso & Hill, 1971; Esuruoso & Van Blake, 1972; Esuruoso 1974a & 1974b) it is estimated that direct losses due to bovine brucellosis alone in Oyo State is around ₦200,000 per 10,000 adult female cattle per annum. Losses in other parts of the country have been shown to be heavy in some places and low in others (Banerjee and Bhatty, 1970; Esurdoso, 1974b; Esaruoso, 1975; Nuru and Dennis, 1975) but can only be properly estimated when more work has been done to find out the status of most of the herds in relation to the incidence; only a very small percentage of herds in the northern state (Esurtoso, 1974b; Nuru and Dennis, 1975) have been investigated.
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Denzer, LaRay. "Women in Freetown politics, 1914–61: a preliminary study." Africa 57, no. 4 (October 1987): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159893.
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Opening ParagraphThe study of women in Sierra Leone has been well launched. Except for the work of Carol P. MacCormack (formerly Hoffer) on political leadership and socio-economic development among Mende and Sherbro women (1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982), most of this scholarship focuses on women in Freetown, mainly the Krio. Filomena Steady (1975, 1976) has analysed Krio women's leadership in church and political organisations. The history of their economic contribution to the evolution of the city has been discussed by E. Frances White (1976, 1978, 1981a, b). Gender relationships in modern marriage have been examined by Barbara Harrell-Bond (1975). In addition, there are a number of biographical studies of prominent leaders: Paramount Chief Madam Yoko (Hoffer, 1974), Adelaide Casely Hayford (Okonkwo, 1985; Cromwell, 1986), Constance A. Cummings-John (Denzer, 1981, forthcoming a, b), Hannah S. Benka Coker (Metzger, 1973: 50–2), and Lottie Hamilton-Hazeley (Metzger, 1973: 52–3). On the basis of this body of work it is possible to study more closely the contribution of women in modern politics in Freetown and the socioeconomic forces behind their participation. This account covers the period from the emergence of the proto-nationalist movement, the National Congress of British West Africa (NCBWA), up to the campaign for independence.
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Wójcik, Zbigniew, Michał Boraczyński, and Tomasz Boraczyński. "EDUKACYJNO WYCHOWAWCZA DZIAŁALNOŚĆ KLUBÓW I SEKCJI ZAPAŚNICZYCH W POLSKIM REGIONIE WARMIA I MAZURY (1945 – 1989)." Уманська старовина, no. 8 (December 30, 2021): 94–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2519-2035.8.2021.249944.
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Słowa kluczowe: edukacja, zapasy, współpraca, region, Obwód Kaliningradzki.
Streszczenie
Wkrótce po zakończeniu działań wojennych (1945) utworzono w Okręgu Mazurskim pierwsze placówki oświatowe i rozpoczął się proces edukacyjno-wychowawczy. Po przekształceniu okręgu w województwo olsztyńskie przybył na Warmię ppor. Zenon Rydziński i jako oficer-zapaśnik propagował na modnych wówczas festynach i zawodach pokazowych walory uprawianej niegdyś dyscypliny sportowej. Po utworzeniu w Olsztynie Okręgowego Związku Zapaśniczego szkolenie prowadzono także w powstających spontanicznie klubach i sekcjach Ludowych Zespołów Sportowych. Wspomniane stowarzyszenia szczególnie cenną rolę odgrywały w środowiskach wiejskich. Po zgłębieniu podstaw nawiązano współpracę z Obwodem Kaliningradzkim. Wzajemna wymiana doświadczeń skutkowała wzrostem poziomu wyszkolenia sportowego, budowaniu zrębów przyjaźni między obu społecznościami, a wyjazdy zagraniczne stwarzały możliwość bliższego poznania regionów i kultury mieszkającej tam ludności. Ekipy wyjeżdżające za granicę tworzono z najlepszych zawodników, a powołanie w skład drużyny było dla zapaśników jednocześnie wyróżnieniem i nagrodą. W wymianie sportowej uczestniczyła także młodzież uprawiająca sport w szkolnych sekcjach. W treningach brali udział również młodzi Romowie i Ukraińcy i był to wzorcowy przykład integracji społecznej. Wzrastający poziom wyszkolenia skutkował uczestnictwem w turniejach ogólnopolskich, mistrzostwach Polski, a w roku 1978 rozegrano nawet mecz z przebywającą w Polsce drużyną stanu Colorado (USA).
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Górniewicz, 2008 – Górniewicz Józef. Teoria wychowania. Olsztyn 2008. 187 s. [The theory of education]. Olsztyn 2008. 187 s. [Poland].
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Сергієнко, Іван Васильович, and Олександр Миколайович Хіміч. "Становлення та розвиток наукової школи з математичної теорії фільтрації." Visnik Nacional noi academii nauk Ukrai ni, no. 9 (September 26, 2022): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2022.09.070.
Full textAbstract:
У вересні 2022 р. виповнюється 100 років від дня народження відомого педагога, науковця, організатора освіти і науки, засновника наукової школи з математичної теорії фільтрації, двічі лауреата Державної премії України в галузі науки і техніки (1981, 1989), заслуженого діяча науки і техніки України (1972), лауреата премії ім. М.М. Крилова НАН України (1975) доктора фізико-математичних наук (1963), професора (1965), академіка НАН України (1973) Івана Івановича Ляшка.
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Danylets, Vadym. "Transformation of the US Energy Policy in the First Half of the 1970s." American History & Politics Scientific edition, no. 9 (2020): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.6.
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Violation of status-quo in the Middle East, which radically influenced the world oil supply system, generated the uncertainty of prospects in politics in general and energetics in particular. For the United States, it became necessary to transform their energy strategy, which included domestic and foreign policy aspects. However until October, 1973 the Administration of the USA could not develop a strategy capable of preventing an energy crisis of 1973–1974. Nevertheless, persistent looking for a new model of energy politics continued in the United States throughout the first half of 1970. As of December 1972, at least 42 federal agencies, bureaus, departments, and offices were involved in research into energy issues. The 93rd Congress (January 1973–January 1975) involved itself was in energy-related legislation on an unprecedented scale. More than 2,000 bills were introduced, and more than 30 standing congressional committees collectively held over 1,000 days of hearings on nearly every aspect of energy policy programs and problems. Nearly 40 energy-related laws were enacted. The magnitude of these efforts indicates that the United States leadership was deeply concerned about the situation. Despite the efforts made, the US administration could not avoid the dramatic events of the energy crisis. The cause for this was the untimely transformation of American energy policy. This article shows relationship between politics and energetics and explores, therefore, political methods, used in the USA in the process of developing the new energy politics in 1970 – 1975. It covers the history of this politics institutional and legal base creation. By the modern viewpoints it highlights the main problems and barriers to energy strategy formation, which slowed down its transformation.
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SHETH, SAYALI D., HEMANT V. GHATE, and JIŘÍ HÁJEK. "Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae)." Zootaxa 4459, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.2.
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The Copelatus species occurring in Maharashtra State, India, are reviewed. Altogether, nine species are recorded, three of which are described as new: Copelatus deccanensis sp. nov. (C. nigrolineatus species group), C. maushomi sp. nov. (C. consors group) and C. bezdeki sp. nov. (C. irinus group). Habitus and male genitalia are illustrated for all Copelatus species from Maharashtra, a key to the species and distribution maps are presented. New distributional records along with short diagnoses of already known species are provided. In addition, the study of extensive material of Copelatus species from the Indian subcontinent outside Maharashtra revealed the following new synonymies: Copelatus freudei Guignot, 1955 = C. gibsoni Vazirani, 1974 syn. nov. = C. gibsoni Vazirani, 1975 syn. nov. = C. spangleri Vazirani, 1974 syn. nov. = C. spangleri Vazirani, 1975 syn. nov.; Copelatus oblitus Sharp, 1882 = C. karnatakus Holmen & Vazirani, 1990 syn. nov.; C. sociennus J. Balfour-Browne, 1952 = C. bangalorensis Vazirani, 1970 syn. nov.; Copelatus tenebrosus Régimbart, 1880 = C. ceylonicus Vazirani, 1969 syn. nov. = C. assamensis Vazirani, 1970 syn. nov.
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Beaver, Roger A., and Sunisa Sanguansub. "New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Australian and oriental pin-hole borers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Platypodinae)." Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 156, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1562.4024.
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The following new synonymies are proposed: Crossotarsus armipennis Lea, 1910 (= Platypus quadricinctus Schedl, 1962, syn. nov.; = Crossotarsus nitescens Schedl, 1979, syn. nov.); Crossotarsus serratulus Browne, 1964 (= Platypus boettcheri Schedl, 1966, syn. nov.); Platypus quercivorus (Murayama, 1925) (= Crossotarsus brevidens Browne, 1975, syn. nov.). Crossotarsus platypoides Browne, 1955 comb. res., and Platypus lawasensis Browne, 1970, comb. res., are restored to their original genera from their current inclusion in Peroplatypus Wood, 1993.
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Canizares, Mayilee, J. Denise Power, Y. Raja Rampersaud, and Elizabeth M. Badley. "Patterns of opioid use (codeine, morphine or meperidine) in the Canadian population over time: analysis of the Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029613.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate cohort effects in selected opioids use and determine whether cohort differences were associated with changes in risk factors for use over time.DesignThis study presents secondary analyses of a longitudinal survey panel of the general population that collected data biannually.SettingData from the Canadian Longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994–2011.PopulationThis study included 12 542 participants from the following birth cohorts: post-World War I (born 1915–1924), pre-World War II (born 1925–1934), World War II (born 1935–1944), Older Baby Boom (born 1945–1954), Younger Baby Boom (born 1955–1964), Older Generation X (born 1965–1974) and Younger Generation X (born 1975–1984).Main outcomeResponses to a single question asking about the use of codeine, morphine or meperidine in the past month (yes/no) were examined.ResultsOver and above age and period effects, there were significant cohort differences in selected opioids use: each succeeding recent cohort had greater use than their predecessors (eg, Gen Xers had greater use than younger baby boomers). Selected opioids use increased significantly from 1994 to 2002, plateauing between 2002 and 2006 and then declining until 2011. After accounting for cohort and period effects, there was a decline in use of these opioids with increasing age. Although pain was significantly associated with greater selected opioids use (OR=3.63, 95% CI 3.39 to 3.94), pain did not explain cohort differences. Cohort and period effects were no longer significant after adjusting for the number of chronic conditions. Cohort differences in selected opioids use mirrored cohort differences in multimorbidity. Use of these opioids was significantly associated with taking antidepressants or tranquillisers (OR=2.52, 95% CI 2.27 to 2.81 and OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.46 to 1.75, respectively).ConclusionsThe findings underscore the need to consider multimorbidity including possible psychological disorders and associated medications when prescribing opioids (codeine, morphine, meperidine), particularly for recent birth cohorts. Continued efforts to monitor prescription patterns and develop specific opioid use guidelines for multimorbidity appear warranted.
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Santos del Campo, Inmaculada María. "Un análisis diferencial de la fecundidad." Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, no. 10 (March 14, 2024): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.10.241.
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Se distingue entre fecundidad (comportamiento reproductivo) y fertilidad (capacidad fisiológica). Se trazan sucintamente las razones que permiten dar cuenta de los diferentes tipos de comportamiento reproductivo. Generalmente, se atribuye a los factores socioeconómicos la mayor importancia. Se analizan los índices de natalidad y los índices de fecundidad de siete países europeos para los años 1965, 1970 y 1972, los índices de natalidad bruta y los índices de matrimonios en España desde 1905 hasta 1975. Mientras que las estadísticas europeas reflejan los efectos de las crisis económicas, las guerras y las epidemias nacionales (como la epidemia de 1918) sobre la fecundidad, las estadísticas españolas muestran un cambio genuino en el comportamiento reproductivo, haciendo patente el declive continuo de la fecundidad desde 1905. Se concluye que en España se ha adoptado un comportamiento anticonceptivo, el cual puede vincularse a la modernización del orden económico y social que en este país ha tenido lugar en las últimas décadas.
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Perron-Brault, Alexis. "De l’ONF à Télé-Québec : le parcours de Pierre F. Brault, compositeur de musique de film et de télévision." Les Cahiers de la Société québécoise de recherche en musique 15, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036116ar.
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Le compositeur québécois Pierre F. Brault (1939-2014), surtout connu pour la musique de la populaire série télévisée Passe-Partout, a principalement oeuvré dans les milieux télévisuels et cinématographiques. Il a composé 86 trames sonores, notamment pour les films Rouli-Roulant (Claude Jutra, 1966), Red (Gilles Carle, 1970), LeVent (Ron Tunis, 1972) ainsi que La faim (Peter Foldès, 1973). Au début de sa carrière, Brault a également mis en musique les textes des chansonniers Robert Charlebois, Clémence Desrochers et Claude Gauthier. Il a par la suite touché à l’enseignement de la musique (École nationale de théâtre, 1971-1975) et à la production d’albums (Tout l’monde est malheureux, 1975). Dans ses oeuvres, le compositeur a exploré plusieurs genres, dont le jazz, le rock psychédélique et la musique électroacoustique. Sa trajectoire met en évidence certaines réalités propres aux musiciens de l’image et les compromis auxquels ils doivent faire face. Malgré tout, Brault a pu bénéficier d’une diffusion à grande échelle propre au cinéma et à la télévision ainsi que de conditions salariales avantageuses. Dans cet article sont résumées, en grande partie à l’aide de sources inédites, les principales étapes de la vie professionnelle de Pierre F. Brault et est proposée une réflexion sur le rôle de la musique de film et de télévision dans sa carrière.
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Berg, Venla, and Anna Rotkirch. "Faster Transition to the Second Child in late 20th Century Finland: A Study of Birth Intervals." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 49 (December 31, 2014): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.48424.
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Birth intervals are known to influence child and parental health and wellbeing, yet studies on the recent development of birth intervals in contemporary developed societies are scarce. We used individual-level representative register data from Finland (N=26,120; 54% women) to study the first interbirth interval of singleton births in cohorts born in 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975. In women, the average interbirth interval has shortened by 7.8 months and in men by 6.2 months between the cohorts of 1955 and 1975. A higher age at first birth was associated with shorter birth intervals (in women, b = -1.68, p<.001; in men, b = -1.77, p<.001 months per year). Educational level moderated the effect of age at first on the first birth interval in both sexes. Due to rising ages at first birth in developed societies and the manifold ramifications of shorter birth intervals, this topic deserves more scholarly attention and studies from other countries.
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King, Gary. "On Political Methodology." Political Analysis 2 (1990): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/2.1.1.
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“Politimetrics” (Gurr 1972), “polimetrics,” (Alker 1975), “politometrics” (Hilton 1976), “political arithmetic” (Petty [1672] 1971), “quantitative Political Science (QPS),” “governmetrics,” “posopolitics” (Papayanopoulos 1973), “political science statistics” (Rai and Blydenburgh 1973), “political statistics” (Rice 1926). These are some of the names that scholars have used to describe the field we now call “political methodology.”1The history of political methodology has been quite fragmented until recently, as reflected by this patchwork of names. The field has begun to coalesce during the past decade; we are developing persistent organizations, a growing body of scholarly literature, and an emerging consensus about important problems that need to be solved.
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Nissim-Sabat, Denis, William H. Farr, Priscilla F. Horton, Mary C. Owens, and Tandi Shelton. "Citations of Distinguished Scientists in Introductory Psychology Textbooks." Teaching of Psychology 16, no. 2 (April 1989): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1602_8.
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Citations of 93 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions were examined in 99 introductory psychology textbooks published between 1957 and 1986. Recipients of the award from 1956 to 1960 were cited significantly more often than recipients from 1966 to 1970 in textbooks published in 1971 and cited significantly more often than recipients from 1971 to 1975 in textbooks published in 1976. However, there were no differences between early recipients and more recent recipients in recent introductory textbooks. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences in the number of citations between male and female recipients.
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LOWRY, J. K., and H. E. STODDART. "The new deep-sea families Cebocaridae fam. nov., Cyclocaridae fam. nov. and Thoriellidae fam. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea)." Zootaxa 2747, no. 1 (January 24, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2747.1.4.
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Within the Lysianassoidea three new families are established: Cebocaridae fam. nov. is established for the deep-sea bathypelagic genera Cebocaris J.L. Barnard, 1964; Crybelocephalus Tattersall, 1906; Crybelocyphocaris Shoemaker, 1945; Cyphocarioides Birstein & Vinogradov, 1970; Mesocyclocaris Birstein & Vinogradov, 1964; Mesocyphocaris Birstein & Vinogradov, 1960; Metacyclocaris Birstein & Vinogradov, 1955; Metacyphocaris Tattersall, 1906 and Paracyphocaris Chevreux, 1905; Cyclocaridae fam. nov. is established for the deep-sea demersal scavenging genus Cyclocaris Stebbing, 1888; and Thoriellidae fam. nov. is established for the abyssopelagic genera Chevreuxiella Stephensen, 1915, Danaella Stephensen, 1925, Parachevreuxiella Andres, 1987 and Thoriella Stephensen, 1915. The families Cebocaridae and Thoriellidae are reported from Australian waters for the first time, in the form of Metacyphocaris helgae Tattersall, 1906 and Parachevreuxiella justi sp. nov.
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Uchida, Eiichi, Shunichi Araki, and Katsuyuki Murata. "Socioeconomic factors affecting marriage, divorce and birth rates in a Japanese population." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 4 (October 1993): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021878.
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SummaryThe effects of low income, urbanisation and young age population on age-adjusted rates of first marriage, divorce and live birth among the Japanese population in 46 prefectures were analysed by stepwise regression for 1970 and for 1975. During this period, Japanese society experienced a drastic change from long-lasting economic growth to serious recession in 1973. In both 1970 and 1975, the first marriage rate for females was inversely related to low income and the divorce rates for both males and females were positively related to low income. The live birth rate was significantly related to low income, urbanisation and young age population only in 1975. The first marriage rate for females and the divorce rates for both sexes increased significantly but the first marriage rate for males and live birth rate significantly decreased between 1970 and 1975. These findings suggest that low income was the essential factor affecting first marriage for females and divorce for males and females.
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ПАСКА, Богдан. "ЗАХОДИ КДБ ПРИ РАДІ МІНІСТРІВ УРСР ПРОТИ РЕДАКЦІЇ ВІДНОВЛЕНОГО САМВИДАВНОГО ЧАСОПИСУ “УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ВІСНИК” (СЕРЕДИНА – ДРУГА ПОЛОВИНА 1970-х рр.)." Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, no. 25 (December 29, 2022): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.25.269579.
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Метою статті є аналіз реакції радянського режиму на відновлення журналу “Український вісник”, ходу та етапів репресивних акцій проти його видавців; виокремлення основних методів, які використовувалися Комітетом державної безпеки (КДБ) задля припинення виходу самвидавного часопису. Методологія. Методологічною основою статті є принципи об’єктивності, всебічності, наступності, історизму. У роботі використано методи аналізу та синтезу, проблемно-хронологічний, ретроспективний, типології, порівняння та зіставлення інформації з різних джерел. Наукова новизна зумовлена введенням до наукового обігу комплексу маловідомих документів Галузевого державного архіву Служби безпеки України, які дозволяють розкрити основні етапи та хід репресивної політики радянського режиму проти членів редакції відновленого самвидавного часопису “Український вісник” у середині – другій половині 1970-х рр. У статті вперше здійснено комплексний аналіз основних методів та заходів КДБ в організації репресій проти творців останніх номерів журналу. Висновки. Відновлення видання часопису “Український вісник” Степаном Хмарою, Олесем Шевченком та Віталієм Шевченком у 1974 – 1975 рр. було свідченням продовження активності середовища шістдесятницького правозахисту після “генерального погрому” 1972 р. та викликало негативну реакцію радянського керівництва. Виявлення членів редакції журналу та розправа над ними стала одним із ключових завдань Комітету державної безпеки при Раді Міністрів Української Радянської Соціалістичної Республіки в середині – другій половині 1970-х рр. При цьому було застосовано широкий комплекс неофіційних, позасудових методів: використання агентури, служби “зовнішнього спостереження”, негласні обшуки, прослуховування помешкань, таємна читка кореспонденції, “профілактичні” заходи та ін. Процес розправи розпочався із спочатку малоуспішних намагань вийти на слід редакції журналу (1974 – 1975), продовжився у ході оперативної роботи із її учасниками в рамках справи “Блок” (1975 – 1978), завершився відкриттям спеціальної справи під назвою “Видавці” (1978) та відкритими судовими репресіями проти С. Хмари, О. Шевченка та В. Шевченка (1980). У ході розслідування вже у 1975 р. вдалося успішно заблокувати передачу № 9 “Українського вісника” за кордон та припинити спроби створення наступних номерів журналу. Проте застосування судових репресій проти редакції журналу було відкладено на роки передовсім через вміле використання дисидентами тактики конспірації. Зрештою, жорсткі вироки проти членів редакції відновленого “Українського вісника” засвідчили репресивну сутність радянського режиму та стали частиною масштабної репресивної кампанії проти українського дисидентського руху на рубежі 1970 – 1980-х рр., спрямованої на повне його придушення.
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Ali Chaudhary, Muhammad. "Economic Analysis of Supply Response in Pakistan’s Agriculture." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2000): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2000.v5.i2.a1.
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This study represents an attempt at estimating the farmer supply response to different economic and material incentives. Several researchers have estimated the cultivator supply response to different techno-economic factors (Cummings, 1975a and 1975b; Askari and Cummings, 1977; Cooley, 1973; Chen, Courteny and Schmitz, 1972; Ghoshal, 1975; Tweeten, 1986). However, as agriculture modernises, the relative significance of different factors affecting farm inputs and outputs changes; factors regarded as significant determinants of farmer decision at one time may not be relevant at another time. Similarly, the transformation of agriculture in the desirable direction invariably necessitates and at times renders desirable the use of new measures and policy instruments. How farmers react to changes in market forces and government measures is important to know in different ways. In fact, policy makers are interested in knowing the appropriateness, effectiveness and impact of measures for the ultimate formation or legislation of farm regulations.
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Angus, David L., and Jeffrey E. Mirel. "From Spellers to Spindles: Work-Force Entry by the Children of Textile Workers, 1888–1890." Social Science History 9, no. 2 (1985): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020411.
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Since the late 1960s, the study of school attendance in the nineteenth century has been one of the most vigorous research interests of social historians in the field of educational history. One line of research has investigated the growth of the institution of schools, the “rise of mass schooling,” using enrollment rates as a key indicator (Field, 1976, 1979, 1980; Fishlow, 1966; Kaestle and Vinovskis, 1974). Another line has been more interested in the social distribution of schooling, exploring how rates of attendance differed across time and across such social divisions as age, gender, race, class, religion, and ethnicity (Denton and George, 1974; Kaestle and Vinovskis, 1980; Katz, 1972, 1975; Katz and Davey, 1978; Soltow and Stevens, 1981; Thernstrom, 1964; Troen, 1973; Vinyard, 1972).
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Silva, Ricardo Pereira. "História das placas de formatura da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará." Revista de Medicina da UFC 60, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20513/2447-6595.2020v60n1p6-14.
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Até o ano de 1970, entrava apenas uma turma por ano através de seu concurso vestibular. A partir de 1971, passaram a entrar duas turmas por ano, o que acontece até hoje. A turma que entrou no segundo semestre de 1971 colou grau no final do primeiro semestre de 1977. Sendo assim, desde 1977, temos turma 1977.1, 1977.2, etc. No entanto, constava no arquivo da coordenação do curso da FM-UFC duas turmas anuais em 1973, 1974, 1975 e 1976, quando, na realidade, até 1976 só havia uma turma por ano.
Passou a se colocar o número ordinal nas placas a partir da turma de 1988.1. Baseado nas informações dos arquivos do curso, a comissão de formatura dessa turma escreveu na placa que essa era a 51a turma, quando na verdade essa é a 46a turma. A partir dessa placa, então, todas as outras que tem o número ordinal até a turma de 2019.1 estão com esta informação incorreta. Devido a uma prolongada greve de professores, não houve turma se formando no primeiro semestre de 1985.
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Gömöri, George, József Lengyel, and Ottó Major. "Noteszeiből, 1955-1975." World Literature Today 64, no. 1 (1990): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40146014.
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Miller, Ray. "JACM 1973--1975." Journal of the ACM 50, no. 1 (January 2003): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/602382.602389.
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Cabana, Darío Xohán. "Xosé María, mestre da mocidade." Boletín da Real Academia Galega, no. 376 (November 20, 2015): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32766/brag.376.485.
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O autor, que de 1971 a 1975 traballou nas Edicións Castrelos, conta como o seu patrón Xosé María Álvarez Blázquez contribuíu á formación cultural, nacional e política de mozos de Vigo e doutros lugares de Galicia que se integraban naquel tempo na militancia nacionalista e antifascista, e nomeadamente na Unión do Pobo Galego, especialmente nos anos 1972 e 1973. Con referencia á literatura, á arqueoloxía e á historia, e á súa memoria persoal da República, das Mocedades Galeguistas, do Partido Galeguista e de Alexandre Bóveda.
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Hughes, T. J., R. H. Buchanan, K. A. Mawhinney, J. P. Haughton, F. W. Boal, Robert D. Osborne, Anngret Simms, et al. "Reviews of Books and Maps." Irish Geography 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2016): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.1977.861.
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REVIEWS OF BOOKSIRELAND IN PREHISTORY, by Michael Herity and George Eogan. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1977. 302 pp. £8.95. Reviewed by: T. J. HughesTHE LIVING LANDSCAPE: KILGALLIGAN, ERRIS, CO. MAYO, by S. Ó Catháin and Patrick O'Flanagan. Dublin: Comhairle Bhéaloideas Éireann, 1975. 312 pp. Reviewed by: R. H. BuchananTHE IRISH TOWN: AN APPROACH TO SURVIVAL, by Patrick Shaffrey. Dublin: The O'Brien Press, 1975. 192 pp. £5.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyLOST DEMESNES: IRISH LANDSCAPE GARDENING 1660–1845, by Edward Malins and the Knight of Glin. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1976. 208 pp. ,£15.00. Reviewed by: K. A. MawhinneyNORTH BULL ISLAND, DUBLIN BAY — A MODERN COASTAL NATURAL HISTORY, edited by D. W. Jeffrey and others. Dublin: Royal Dublin Society, 1977. 158 pp. Hardback .£6.50, paperback £3.60. Reviewed by: J. P. HaughtonCONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POLARISED COMMUNITY, by John Darby. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1976. 268 pp. £7.95. Reviewed by: F. W. BoalBELFAST: AREAS OF SPECIAL SOCIAL NEED. REPORT BY PROJECT TEAM. Belfast: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 85 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Robert D. OsborncDUBLIN: A CITY IN CRISIS, edited by P. M. Delany. Dublin: Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, 1975. 108 pp. £3.25. Reviewed by: Anngret SimmsIRELAND'S VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE, by Kevin Danaher. Cork: Mercier Press for the Cultural Relations Committee of Ireland, 1975. 82 pp., 68 plates. £1.50. Reviewed by: F. H. A. Aalen18TH CENTURY ULSTER EMIGRATION TO NORTH AMERICA, Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimiles 121–140. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1972. £0.45.; PLANTATIONS IN ULSTER, c. 1600–41, by R. J. Hunter. Public Record Office of Northern Ireland Education Facsimilies 161–180. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1975. £1.00.; RURAL HOUSING IN ULSTER IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY, prepared by Alan Gailey, Victor Kelly and James Paul with an introduction by E. Estyn Evans, for the Teachers' Centre of the Queen's University, Belfast in association with the Ulster Folk Museum and the Public Record Office Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. £0.70.; LETTERS OF A GREAT IRISH LANDLORD: A SELECTION FROM THE ESTATE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE THIRD MARQUESS OF DOWNSHIRE, 1809–45, edited with an introduction by W. A. Maguire, for the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland. Belfast: H.M.S.O., 1974. 189 pp. £1–65.; ORDNANCE SURVEY MEMOIR FOR THE PARISH OF DONEGORE, Belfast: Department of Extra-Mural Studies, Queen's University, and the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland, 1974. v + 64 pp. 1 map and 31 plates. £0.75. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerTHE LANDED GENTRY. Facsimile documents with commentaries. Dublin: The National Library of Ireland, 1977. 20 sheets and introduction. £1.00. Reviewed by: J. A. K. GrahameSANITATION, CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICES IN IRELAND, by Michael Flannery. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1976. 178 pp. £5.75. Reviewed by: Michael J. BannonGEOGRAPHY, CULTURE AND HABITAT, SELECTED ESSAYS (1925–1975) OF E. G. BOWEN, selected and introduced by Harold Carter and Wayne K. D. Davies. Llandysul: Gomer Press, 1976. 275 pp. £6. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsDICTIONARY OF LAND SURVEYORS AND LOCAL CARTOGRAPHERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND 1550–1850 edited by Peter Eden. Folkestone: William Dawson & Sons. Part I, 1975; Parts II and III, 1976. 377 pp. £6.00 per part. Reviewed by: A. A. HornerFIELDS, FARMS AND SETTLEMENT IN EUROPE, edited by R. H. Buchanan, R. A. Butlin and D. McCourt. Belfast: Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, 1976. 161 pp. £5. Reviewed by: J. H. AndrewsREVIEWS OF MAPSNORTHERN IRELAND — A MAP FOR TOURISTS. 1:250,000(1970); CASTLEWELLAN FOREST PARK. 1:10,000(1975); ADMINISTRATIVE MAPS; MAP CATALOGUE (1975 edition). 26 pp. Reviewed by: J. A. K. Grahame
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Ariel, Mira. "Referring and accessibility." Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 1 (March 1988): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700011567.
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The analysis of referring expressions can be divided into two branches for our purposes. The first includes theories of definite descriptions and proper names. The key to the riddle of the appropriate use of such expressions, it was thought, is the notion of presupposition: existence and/or uniqueness. Indeed, this was the question that dominated the literature for many years, starting with the early philosophical analyses of Frege (1982), Russell (1919) and Strawson (1956, 1964), and ending with the much later pragmatically oriented linguistic analyses, such as Liberman (1973), Kempson (1975), Prince (1978, 1981b), Gazdar (1979), McCawley (1979), Hawkins (1974, 1984) and even Loftus (1972, 1974, 1975), although this last approach is more psychological. The second branch of research totally neglected the question of presupposition. Non-syntactic/semantic theories of anaphoric expressions, pronouns especially, were psychologically oriented, and hence saw the issue to be accounted for quite differently. In fact, the objective of these theories has been to elucidate processing procedures by examining anaphoric expressions, rather than to make claims about anaphoric expressions as such.
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Roegiest, Eugeen. "Typologie romane et position des pronoms personnels clitiques en roumain." Linguistica 31, no. 1 (December 1, 1991): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.31.1.133-139.
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Plusieurs auteurs ont décrit de façon détaillée les problèmes liés à la position des pronoms objets clitiques du roumain contemporain. Nous nous référons notamment aux inventaires systématiques de A. Lombard (1972), de M. Manoliu (1968) et de M. Iliescu (1975), à l'approche typologique romane de A. Niculescu (1973), aux études contrastives de R. Marinescu (1974 e.a.), et surtout à la dissertation de J. Bredemeier (1976), qui s'inspire de la thèse de D. Perlmutter, selon lequel les clitiques romans obéissent à des contraintes de surface (SurJ ace Structure Constraints).
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Palheta, Ugo. "Un dépassement du capitalisme sans rupture est-il possible ?" Mouvements 117, no. 2 (July 22, 2024): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mouv.117.0016.
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À partir d’un retour sur quelques crises politiques du XX e siècle (1934-1938 en France, Chili 1970-1973, Portugal 1974-1975), Ugo Palheta revient sur une question stratégique fondamentale : un dépassement du capitalisme sans rupture est-il possible ? Dialoguant avec Erik Olin Wright, il répond par la négative tout en soulignant combien, si les utopies réelles constituent des éléments de socialisme déjà là, le démantèlement du capitalisme rencontrera des oppositions telles que seul un processus révolutionnaire – supposant une mobilisation populaire de masse – pourra le mettre à bas.
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Kaulicke, Peter. "EL FORMATIVO DE PACOPAMPA. UN ENSAYO DE INTERPRETACIÓN." Arqueología y Sociedad, no. 16 (December 30, 2005): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/arqueolsoc.2005n16.e12716.
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Aunque últimamente aparecieron varios trabajos sobre el Formativo norandino y la zona de Pacopamapa (Rosas y Shady 1970 a,b, 1974; Fung 1975, Kaulicke 1975), se agregan estas notas como un ensayo interpretativo. Se trata de verificar algunas sugerencias acerca del funcionamiento y la organización social en el Formativo ejemplificándolo en el caso de Pacopampa, que representa algunas características que podrían tener mayor implicancia.
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Miller, James R. "Seeding Results Favor Small Clouds in China, South Dakota, and Yugoslavia." Journal of Weather Modification 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54782/jwm.v16i1.103.
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A comparison four cloud seeding projectson three continents of indicates that smaller clouds may give much greater percentage increases in rainfall than do larger ones in weather modification efforts. Project Cloud Catcher, randomized a single-cloud project in South Dakota1969-1970 (Denniset al., 1975) is compared here to a randomized two-area projectin Fugianprovince, China,1975, 1977,1981 (Yeh et al., 1982). Also compared are rainfall results from two non-randomized, hail suppression efforts South Dakota, in 1972-1976 (Pellett et al., 1977) and in Serbia, Yugoslavia, 1970-1979 (Curic, 1981).
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Vuuren, Christiaan van. "A review of the literature on the prevalence of Class III malocclusion and the mandibular prognathic growth hypotheses." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 12, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-1991-0004.
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Abstract From this review of the literature it appears that we may draw the following conclusions. The incidence of Class III malocclusions is at most 4.2% (Goose et al. 1957, Ast et al. 1965; Knowles 1966, Thylander and Myrberg 1973). The development of various condyle growth hypotheses have lead us to believe that the condyle behaves in a rather unique manner. The condyle does not appear to be an epiphysis, neither does it behave the same as the cranium. It is a unique cartilaginous structure that cannot grow against intermittent or continuous forces (Copray 1985). The cybernetic model as proposed by Petrovic and co workers (1977) that eloquently describes the condyle to be stimulated by a cybernetic switch that connects to the periodontal ligament also does not seem to have much validity. It appears that the lateral pterygoid muscle and the temporo-mandibular condylar frenum have been ascribed capabilities that do not comply to the results of condylotomy studies. Gorette-Nicaise, Awn, and Dhem (1983) as well as the study by Whetten, and Johnston (1985) have shown that neither the absence of the lateral pterygoid muscle nor the physical volumetric expansion of the airway increases condylar growth. It appears that increase in the pressure applied to the condyle could decrease condyle cell proliferation (Armstrong 1961; Thilander 1963; 1965: Janzen and Bluher 1965; Graber 1969; Petrovic 1972; Graber and Muller 1974; Graber 1975;) with resulting growth attenuation. Accordingly, condylar growth is controlled by physical restraint, the absence which leads to incremental growth. The presence of mechanical pressure of adequate duration and magnitude, thus, should limit growth of the young actively growing condyle.
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KHAUSTOV, ALEXANDER A., and ANDREY V. FROLOV. "A new species, new genus and new records of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata) phoretic on scarab beetles of the subfamily Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Zootaxa 4514, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.3.
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During the study of heterostigmatic mites phoretic on beetles of the subfamily Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), ten species from five families were found. One species, Premicrodispus hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Acari: Microdispidae) phoretic on Orphnus luminosus Benderitter, found in Central African Republic is described as new for science. A new monobasic genus Scarabadania gen. nov. with type species Bakerdania tenuispina Sevastianov, 1974 is created in the family Neopygmephoridae. Troxodania problematica (Mahunka, 1975) comb. nov. (from Bakerdania) and Pseudopygmephorus peritrematus (Mahunka, 1979) (Acari: Neopygmephoridae) are redescribed. Moreover, Trochometridium tribulatum Cross, 1965 (Acari: Trochometridiidae), Troxodania problematica (Mahunka, 1975) comb. nov. and Aegyptophorus shibinensis Sevastianov and Abo-Korah, 1984 (Acari: Neopygmephoridae) are recorded from Sri Lanka for the first time. Finally, Scarabadania tenuispina (Sevastianov, 1974) comb. nov. and Pygmodispus odontotarsus Sevastianov, 1975 (Acari: Scutacaridae) are recorded from Africa for the first time.
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Chaudhry, M. Ghafar. "The Theory and Practice of Agricultural Income Tax in Pakistan and a Viable Solution." Pakistan Development Review 38, no. 4II (December 1, 1999): 757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.757-768.
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Pakistan has a history of taxing agriculture through the land revenue system. Being income and price inelastic, the replacement of the system with agricultural income tax is considered inevitable for meeting the financial needs of a growing national economy. In fact, under pressures from World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pakistan introduced various variants of agricultural income tax in the past and in full during 1993 and 1996 respectively [World Bank (1999)]. However the introduction of agricultural income tax is a highly controversial issue in Pakistan, in government circles as well as among professional researchers and economists. Out of the nine commissions [Pakistan (1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1970, 1975, 1986, 1988, 1989 and 1993a)] that studied agricultural taxation only two recommended it. [Pakistan (1960, 1993a)]. The remaining seven favoured the existing land revenue system. The studies of individual economists are no less controversial in this respect. There seems to be a general consensus among such writers as [Hamid (1970); Yaqub (1971); Chowdhury (1971); Khan (1991) and World Bank (1999)] on the repeal of land revenue system in favour of agricultural income or graduated land tax. Against this an equal number of economists, have shown dissatisfaction with agricultural income tax as an effective tool of taxing agriculture [Ahmad and Stern (1989); Bird (1974); Bird and Oldman (1990); Chaudhry and Maan (1993); Gold and Foster (1972) and Newbery (1987)].
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Ding-jiang, Luo, and Li Dong-ming. "Photoelectric Astrolabe and Astrolabe Star Catalogues." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 109 (1986): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900076798.
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At the Shaanxi Observatory, regular observations with the prototype of the photoelectric astrolabe PAI have been carried out since 1973. Three photoelectric astrolabes of type Mark II (PAII) were mounted at the Shanghai, Beijing and Yunnan Observatories in 1974, 1976 and 1978, respectively. Details of the instruments and the results of the observation were published previously. (Photoelectric Astrolabe Developing Group 1973 and 1975, Second Group, First Divsion Shaanxi Observatory 1974, Astrolabe Data Analysis Group, First Division, Shaanxi Observatory 1975, Wang, L-j 1979, Astrolabe Group, First Division, Shanghai Observatory 1976, Wang, L-z and Luo 1979, Lu and Luo 1979). Time and latitude determinations by these sets of photoelectric astrolabes form a part in the international cooperation of BIH, IPMS as well as in the short campaign of project MERIT.