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Bagorda, Alice. "1984 di George Orwell: analisi comparativa di due traduzioni italiane." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20865/.
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L'elaborato presenta un'analisi comparativa di due diverse traduzioni in italiano del romanzo "1984" dello scrittore inglese George Orwell. Il primo capitolo è di carattere introduttivo e contiene una breve descrizione della vita dell'autore e della trama dell'opera, seguita da una riflessione sul ruolo della lingua all'interno del romanzo e nei principali regimi totalitari del Novecento. All'interno del secondo capitolo si trova l'analisi comparativa delle due traduzioni, divisa in due parti: nella prima vengono analizzate le differenze di carattere generale tra i due testi in italiano, mentre la seconda parte è focalizzata sulle differenti traduzioni del Newspeak, una lingua inventata da George Orwell presente nel romanzo.
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Pavloski, Evanir. "1984." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/2996.
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Resumo: Após considerações sobre a longa e representativa tradição do pensamento utópico, tanto na filosofia e na sociologia, quanto na literatura – em especial sobre a distinção entre utopia e distopia –, este trabalho focaliza a caracterização do protagonista de 1984, de George Orwell, a fim de demonstrar como o controle da liberdade individual subjaz a idealização de modelos sociais. “O indivíduo sob controle” é um aspecto potencializado e satirizado pelos escritores distópicos, que transformam o sonho de uma sociedade modelar em um pesadelo totalitarista. Assim, analisamos o processo de apagamento das individualidades na estrutura social concebida por Orwell, o que preocupava sobremaneira o autor no mundo pós-guerra. Para tanto, tomamos como linha de análise a caracterização do protagonista Winston Smith e sua revolução individual contra a sociedade distópica representada na narrativa. Tendo como base, principalmente os trabalhos de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Hannah Arendt, Jeremy Bentham e Isaiah Berlin, demonstramos como os múltiplos mecanismos de controle se organizam com o intuito de suprimir a autonomia física, psicológica e mental dos indivíduos. A discussão do texto a partir da personagem Winston Smith conduz ao enfoque de outros elementos, como o espaço e os temas, que se mostram de grande importância não só para a compreensão do romance enquanto modelo narrativo, mas também dos conceitos autorais que motivaram a concepção da obra. A junção dessas perspectivas ressalta a visível pertinência de certos aspectos do romance para a reflexão sobre práticas autoritárias que agridem a liberdade individual de escolha, ação e consciência nas sociedades atuais.
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Tavares, Débora Reis. "A revolta contra o totalitarismo em 1984 de George Orwell, a formação do herói degradado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-12022014-125702/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o último romance de George Orwell, 1984, por meio de alguns de seus elementos literários principais, mais especificamente o estudo do foco narrativo e das personagens. A partir disso, a pesquisa pretende traçar paralelos em torno da questão da possível revolta do personagem principal com o contexto histórico em que o autor estava inserido, suas ideias, as relações com outros elementos de sua obra, dialogando com as afirmações feitas pela fortuna crítica durante as seis décadas de sua publicação. Dessa forma, foram selecionados trechos importantes do livro e de seu apêndice, cujos detalhes foram analisados o emprego de vocábulos, sua função na frase para então observar seu papel na narrativa e relacioná-los a fatores exteriores à obra. Finalmente, ao estabelecer diálogo com a fortuna crítica, buscou-se, na medida do possível, salientar a relevância de 1984 como instrumento de alerta e denúncia contra as mazelas do totalitarismo.<br>The purpose of this research is to analyze the last novel written by George Orwell, 1984, through its main literary tools, which importance gave the possibility to choose within a wide variety of aspects, the study of the narrator and the main characters. With this in mind, this research intends to delineate parallels between the possible rebellion of the main character and the historical context in which the author himself was inserted, his ideas, the links between other elements of his work, discussing it with the statements made by the critics through the six decades from its publication. Hence, it was selected important passages from the novel and its appendix that were analyzed down to very last details, from the use of certain words, their function within the sentence to its role in the novel as a whole and relate them to exterior factors. Finally through establishing a dialogue with the literary criticism it was pursued, as a possible, the underline of the book as an alert instrument and detection against totalitarianism causes.
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Kau, Ka-man Angel. "Modality and voices of authority in Animal farm and 1984." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23473058.
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Oliveira, Terezinha de Assis. "Linguagem e memória em Fahrenheit 451 e 1984." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7429.
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Previous issue date: 2014-01-30<br>This research aims to analyze the literary dystopians 1984, written by George Orwell and
Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury observing how these authors presented their reflections
about their societies and how the human being was inserted in this context. In this perspective, the
goal of this work is to demonstrate how the manipulation of memory and language reflects the
contrasts between English and American dystopia in the works mentioned above and how the
authors presented their critics to their societies. The discussions have presented theoretical support
on the studies of Jacques Le Goff (1990), Maurice Halbwachs (2006) and Paul Ricouer (2008),
which have highlighted aspects of memory and language that are common to both works, but were
approached differently by their authors. This is justified by the fact that they belonged to different
societies and the historical ideological context of post world wars in England and the United States
was a determining factor to the emersion of dystopian literature and technological society even if
differently in each country. This study also presents an overview on the science fiction,
emphasizing the most representative moments of this literary strand in which the novels that make
up the corpus of this work are inserted.<br>Esta pesquisa destina-se a uma análise das obras literárias distópicas 1984 de George Orwell e
Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury, observando como os autores apresentaram suas reflexões sobre
os caminhos das sociedades e como enxergavam o homem inserido neste contexto. Nesta
perspectiva, o objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como a manipulação da memória e da
linguagem reflete os contrastes entre a distopia inglesa e norte-americana nas obras supracitadas e
como os autores formularam suas críticas às sociedades das quais participavam. As discussões
apresentadas possuem como suporte teórico os estudos de Jacques Le Goff (1990), Maurice
Halbwachs (2006) e Paul Ricouer (2008), os quais permitiram evidenciar aspectos de memória e
linguagem que são comuns às duas obras, mas que foram abordados diferentemente por seus
autores. Isto se justifica pelo fato de que eles pertenciam a sociedades distintas e o contexto
histórico-ideológico pós-guerras mundiais na Inglaterra e Estados Unidos foi fator determinante
para a emersão da literatura distópica e da sociedade tecnológica, ainda que de maneira diferente
em cada país. Este estudo apresenta ainda um panorama acerca da ficção científica, destacando
momentos representativos desta vertente literária na qual se inserem os romances que compõem o
corpus deste trabalho.
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Millard, Byron Scott. "An Examination of George Orwell's Newspeak through Politeness Theory." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1367.
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This thesis aims to analyze the formation of politeness in the use of Orwell's artificial language, Newspeak. Multiple theories of politeness will be utilized for the examination but with primary focuses on Brown and Levinson's (1987) original theory and Watts' (2003) views on politic behavior. Orwell's (1949) original novel will be used for the grammatical and lexical basis of the language as well as the source for the language's sociolinguistic aspects. It will be shown that politeness is present within the society and its language, even though it is mechanically altered due to the structure of Newspeak. The largest changes are through the realization of face in INGSOC where a hybrid of Western and Eastern social principles are present.
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Santos, Rodrigo Fernando Assis dos. "O conceito de língua/linguagem em 1984 de Orwell." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13548.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-29<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This research discusses the concept of language present in George Orwell´s book 1984 and relates it with the official concept of language of Russia during the 1920´s and 1930´s . For doing this, we chose as study object the book 1984 from which we selected newspeak as the corpus of analyses. Newspeak consists of a language system that´s is being created by the government of the plot and once it is finished and put into practice, would impeach people to have different opinions from the government and the existence of the other languages would also be impossible. The main feature of newspeak is that it is being constructed through the destruction of the current language. On the other side, we have the official Russian linguistics of the 30´s that has a similar project of destruction of the linguistic material and creation of a single universal language. Our objective in this research is to describe, analyze and interpretate through the linguistic-discursive newspeak material, the discourses that constitutes the book and establish dialogic relations between newspeak and the official russian linguistics of the 30´s, period which the book makes analogies. We inquire in this research what is the concept of language of Newspeak and the official russian linguistics of the 1920´s and 1930´s, which dialogic relations can be established between both concepts, which dialogic relations can be stablished between the newspeak lexical group that relates crime with the idea of disagreement of the government policies and the stanist society concerning the same matter and which language knowledge our dialogic relation meets. This research reconstruct some discourses about the Russian revolutionary period since the czarism regime until the great purge, it also identifies the official Russian linguistics theory of the 20´s and 30´s, and shows how 1984 materialize the discourses concerning the speech restriction policies that come from this historical period. Our methodology for the corpus´ construction was done based on the following steps; a) Describe the process of destruction of the current language; b) Identification of the term Newspeak and the terms in Newspeak through all narrative; (c) Construction of a glossary that has the definition of the words in Newspeak. Through the description of newspeak and the analyses of two linguistics marks, it was possible to realize that the human language either in life or in art, is able to create compensatory mechanisms that weakens and cancel the forces that struggles to finish with the heteroglossia that keeps the human language ideologically saturated. We also indentify the diference between the fictional language and the scientific one: the former there is not any diference between the act of uttering and the utterance, whereas the latter this difference is part of the discourse genre. This research is based on Bakhtinian´s circle theory, that discusses language through its social historical point of view. We used the concept of axiology, ideological sign, infrastructure and superstructure, monologism, dialogism, centripetal forces and centrifugal forces<br>Este trabalho discute o conceito de língua/linguagem em 1984 de George Orwell e relaciona esse conceito com o da linguística oficial russa das décadas de 1920/1930. Para tanto, selecionamos, especificamente, a novilíngua como corpus de pesquisa. A novilíngua consiste em um sistema linguístico elaborado pelos detentores do poder da ficção orwelliana que, quando finalizado e colocado em uso, impediria a expressão de opiniões contrárias ao regime e a existência de outras línguas. A característica central para a existência da novilíngua é a destruição da língua vigente. Ao pesquisarmos a política linguística oficial russa das décadas de 1920 e 1930, descobrimos um projeto similar de destruição das línguas existentes e de criação de uma língua única. Nosso objetivo de pesquisa, portanto, é descrever, analisar e interpretar, por meio da materialidade linguístico-discursiva da novilíngua, os discursos históricos que atravessam a obra e, a partir daí, estabelecer relações dialógicas entre o conceito de língua/linguagem de 1984 e esse mesmo conceito na linguística oficial russa das décadas de 1920/1930. Questionamos em nosso trabalho qual é o conceito de língua/linguagem da novilíngua e da linguística oficial russa das décadas de 1920/1930, quais relações dialógicas podem ser estabelecidas entre o conceito da novilíngua e esse mesmo conceito da linguística oficial russa dos anos 1930, quais relações dialógicas podem serestabelecidas entre o léxico da novilíngua, que trata o pensamento discordante ao sistema totalitário como crime, e a sociedade stalinista no que diz respeito à restrição da liberdade de expressão e quais conhecimentos sobre a linguagem humana nossa análise dialógica vai de encontro. Este estudo recupera alguns discursos que circulam sobre a história da Rússia desde o final do período czarista até o auge do expurgo stalinista, identifica a teoria linguística oficial da Rússia das décadas de 1920/1930 e mostra como a obra 1984, de Orwell, materializa os discursos advindos desse período histórico. Nossa metodologia para composição do corpus e descrição da novilíngua obedeceu à seguinte dinâmica: a) descrever o processo de destruição da língua vigente para a construção da novilíngua; b) levantamento do termo novilíngua e dos termos em novilíngua, em toda a narrativa; c) construção de um glossário que contém a definição das palavras em novilíngua. Por meio da descrição da novilíngua e da nossa respectiva análise, foi possível constatar que a linguagem humana, tanto na vida como na arte, é capaz de criar mecanismos compensatórios que atenuam e anulam as forças que querem acabar com o plurilinguísmo e assim manter a linguagem humana, mesmo sob forte coerção de sistemas políticos totalitários, pluriacentuada e ideologicamente saturada. Identificamos também a diferença entre a linguagem científica e a ficcional: na linguagem científica não há divergência entre o enunciado e a enunciação; na linguagem ficcional essa divergência é constituinte. Este trabalho está embasado pela teoria Bakhtiniana, que discute a linguagem pelo seu viés sócio-histórico ideológico. Utilizamos os conceitos de axiologia, signo ideológico, infraestrutura e superestrutura, dialogismo, forças centrípetas e centrífugas.
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Brax, Emelie. "A Rhetorical Reading of George Orwell's 1984 : The brainwashing of Winston in the light of ethos, logos and pathos." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34961.
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The aim with this essay is to cast a light upon the brainwashing carried out by the totalitarian Party in George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, and induce a deeper understanding of its persuasive effect on Winston Smith, the main character. Winston passionately hates the Party and its leader Big Brother who govern the country Oceania in which he lives. However, after having undergone brainwashing that also includes torture, Winston surrenders to the ideology of the Party and at the end of the novel his hatred towards Big Brother has turned to love. In order to understand Winton’s conversion I carry out a close reading of the novel and apply the three rhetorical means of persuasion, ethos, logos and pathos, to the novel and demonstrate when and how these appeals are used on Winston. Against this rhetorical background the analysis shows that the Party’s usage of rhetorical appeals can explain why the brainwashing works successfully in its persuasive aim. This result also demonstrates that these three appeals play a prominent role over a course of several years in the Party’s indoctrination of Winston. Additionally, the presence of rhetoric proves that there is more than Winston being tortured to his conversion. Thus, Winston is not only tortured into repeating the principles of the party, he is also persuaded into actually believing in them and loving Big Brother by the Party’s strategic appeals to ethos, logos and pathos.<br>Syftet med detta arbete är att belysa hjärntvätten utförd av det totalitära Partiet i George Orwells dystopiska roman, 1984, och bidra till en djupare förståelse för dess övertygande effekt på huvudkaraktären Winston Smith. Han hatar innerligt Partiet och dess ledare Storebror som styr landet Oceanien, i vilket Winston lever. Efter att ha genomgått hjärntvätt, som också innebär tortyr, överlämnar han sig dock till Partiets ideologi och i slutet av romanen har hans hat för Storebror vänts till kärlek. För att förstå Winstons omvändelse analyserar jag romanen utifrån de tre retoriska övertalningsmedlen, ethos, logos och pathos och påvisar när och hur dessa används mot Winston. Mot denna retoriska bakgrund visar analysen att Partiets användning av dessa medel kan förklara varför hjärntvätten lyckas. Resultatet visar också att dessa medel spelar en viktig roll över en längre period i Partiets indoktrinering av Winston. Dessutom visar närvaron av retorik att hjärntvättens utfall inte endast är avhängigt Partiets tortyr. Winston är således inte enbart genom tortyr tvingad till att repetera Partiets ideologi, han övertygas också att tro omfatta denna och att älska Storebror genom Partiets strategiska användning av ethos, logos och pathos.
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Tiago, Héllen Nívia. "“Poder por amor ao poder”: uma análise discursiva das relações de poder em 1984, de George Orwell." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4901.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-10<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The Work 1984 by George Orwell portrays a society that the state imposed it on the population of totalitarian form, both for control of the actions of individuals and the creation of many scattered control devices and surveillance at various points of the city, is in workspaces or in domestic and public spaces. In this authoritarian regime, the State oppresses and torture individuals, causing resistance of some and adhesion others. Such issues will be observed in the society portrayed in the romance, so we can discuss how power compose and challenges the subject, influencing your production pathways controlled by such systems of power. In this sense supported by analysis of foucaultina perspective of discourse, we set out to reflect on the constitution of the subject and the power relations that emerge from the 1984, through standard-setting instruments that "promote" the docile the subject submitted to totalitarian society , narrated in the George Orwell novel. Starting from this objective, we will use Michel Foucault's studies present in the books A Arqueologia do saber (2007), Vigiar e Punir: nascimento da prisão (1999), Microfísica do Poder (1986), among others, in which the discussion on the topic power is highlighted. We will take the concept of statement as the romance sequences analysis procedure to observe the following questions: how power is exercised in the novel? What are the possibilities of resistance to totalitarian power deployed in the novel? Therefore, the practices and discursive processes that promote social control and the constitution of the subject will be observed. Therefore this study aims to analyze how is (in) the (s) subject (s) in the work of Orwell, and how power is exercised, ruling and taming offenders. The analyzes indicates that in the first instance, there is an exclusionary effect of the rebel guy, who happens to be characterized as a rebel / resistant. In a second moment, looks at how the subject "rebel", to be exposed to disciplinary practices, exercised in prison, becomes the party statutes, changing the position occupied at the beginning of the narrative. Thus, from the analysis of discursive sequences, cut and analyzed in our research object, we see that there is the emergence of speeches aimed at normalization of subject, for only then be able to be (re) inserted within the fictional society of Orwell. Thus, the statements analyzed point for relations of power and disciplinary practices that seek to standardize and regulate the subject transgressor.<br>A Obra 1984, escrita por George Orwell, retrata uma sociedade em que o Estado se impõe sobre a população de forma totalitária, tanto pelo controle das ações dos indivíduos quanto pela criação de diversos aparelhos de controle e vigilância espalhados em vários pontos da cidade, seja nos espaços de trabalho ou nos espaços domésticos e públicos. Nesse regime autoritário, o Estado oprime e tortura indivíduos, provocando resistência de alguns e adesão de outros. Tais questões serão observadas na sociedade retratada no romance, de forma que possamos problematizar como o poder interpela e constitui os sujeitos, influenciando os modos de produção de sujeitos controlados por tais dispositivos de poder. Nesse sentido, apoiados na Análise do Discurso, com contribuições foucaultinas, propusemo-nos a refletir sobre a constituição do sujeito e as relações de poder que emergem da obra 1984, através de instrumentos normalizadores que “promovem” a docilização do sujeito submetido à sociedade totalitária, narrada no romance de George Orwell. Partindo de tal objetivo, recorreremos aos estudos de Michel Foucault presentes nos livros A Arqueologia do saber (2007), Vigiar e Punir: nascimento da prisão (1999), Microfísica do Poder (1986), dentre outros, nos quais a discussão sobre a temática do poder ganha destaque. Tomaremos o conceito de enunciado como procedimento de análise de sequências do romance para observar as seguintes questões: como o poder se exerce no romance? Quais as possibilidades de resistência ao poder totalitário implantado no romance? Para tanto, serão observadas as práticas e os processos discursivos que promovem o controle social e a constituição dos sujeitos. Portanto, este trabalho se propõe a analisar como se constitui (em) o(s) sujeito(s) na obra de Orwell, e como o poder é exercido, governando e docilizando os transgressores. As análises realizadas indicam que, em primeira instância, há um efeito de exclusão do sujeito rebelde, que passa a ser caracterizado como rebelde/resistente. Em um segundo momento, observa como o sujeito “rebelde”, ao ser exposto às práticas disciplinares, exercidas na prisão, se converte aos preceitos do Partido, alterando a posição ocupada no início da narrativa. Destarte, a partir das análises das sequências narrativas, recortadas e analisadas de nosso objeto de pesquisa, verificamos que há a emergência de discursos voltados à normalização desse sujeito, para só assim estar apto a ser (re) inserido no seio da sociedade fictícia de Orwell. Desse modo, os enunciados analisados apontam para as relações de poder e práticas disciplinares que buscam normalizar e disciplinar o sujeito transgressor.
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Dübeck, Helena. "Strategies for Preserving Status Quo in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1751.
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<p>In George Orwell's two most famous novels Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm we find a totalitarian state, and in each case there are strategies that enable these societies to stay totalitarian. The reader of today not only sees the Soviet Union when reading Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, but a large number of other totalitarian societies with similar structures and systems that exist throughout the world. A close reading of the novels shows that the strategies for the leaders in Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm to preserve the status quo include the control of media and flow of information, maintaining the class system, controlling education, creating distractions from issues that matter, being able to put the blame on a traitor, and enforcing control of people’s memory. Media is used to make the inhabitants believe that they are better off now than before, so that they will be content with what they have. Traitors and enemies are used to silence resistance and make sure that people stay in line. People’s memory is something that the leaders manipulate, even if it works in different ways in the two stories. In Animal Farm the animals just have a bad memory, and in Nineteen Eighty-Four it might be that the people have lost their ability to think critically and thus their ability to remember. Maintaining the class system and controlling education is to remain in control and minimizing the risks of another uprising. The reason why the Animal Farm becomes totalitarian is because the animals themselves looked the other way as the pigs started to take more than their fair share, which means that the responsibility of this situation is just as much the leaders as it is the peoples. The totalitarian societies in these books remain at status quo, but the message of these novels is that it can be different in real life. If we do not let things get out of hand, and if we keep on being aware of what is happening around us, we can stop this from happening.</p>
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Othmanová, Sofie. "Výtvarná koncepce filmu "1984" podle knihy George Orwella. Antiutopie a totalita v české a světové kinematografii." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370731.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is the antiutopia and totalism in the Czech and world cinematography and it elaborates the proposal of an artistic approach to the film Nineteen Eighty-Four based on the novel by George Orwell. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the definition of the relationship between antiutopia and totalitarianism, their characteristic features and how they manifest themselves in the cinema. This phenomenon is discussed in more detail in the folowing analysis of selected films in terms of their visual and production values. The second part of this thesis looks into the artistic approach to the film. The concept elaborates an urban design as well as individual exterior and interior sets and proposal of their designing.
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Padden, Michaela. "Big Brother is Watching You: Panoptic Control in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-35343.
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George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, first published in 1949, is a vision of socialism gone wrong. The setting of Oceania is a world ruled over by an oligarchical collective, “The Party,” which wields absolute power through a formidable combination of surveillance technology and the operation of the principles of “panoptic control,” a concept drawn from Jeremy Bentham’s model prison design of the late 1700s and revived by Foucault in the mid 1970s. The combination of surveillance technology and panoptic control is central to the functioning of power in Orwell’s novel, a union which has created a self-sustaining form of totalitarianism dependent on the oppression of individual identity for its automatic perpetuation. This essay offers a reading of Nineteen Eighty-Four as an implicit critique of Bentham’s Panopticon which in many ways foreshadowed the later work of Michel Foucault on the functioning of power within this specific type of physical and social architecture.<br>George Orwells roman 1984, vilken publicerades första gången 1949, är en framtidsvision om socialism som gått fel. Romanen utspelas i Oceania, en värld som styrs av ett oligarkiskt kollektiv, “Partiet,” vilket utövar absolut makt genom en utstuderad kombination av övervakningsteknik och teorin om “panoptisk” kontroll, ett begrepp sprunget ur av Jeremy Benthams fängelsemodell från sent 1700-tal, vilket återskapades av Michel Foucault i mitten av 1970-talet. Kombinationen av övervakningsteknologi och panopticism har i Oceanien skapat en totalitarianism som fungerar med automatik och förtrycker individuell identitet för att befästa statens makt. Denna uppsats närmar sig Orwells 1984 som en underförstådd kritik av Benthams arbete. Vidare identifier i romanen 1984 många av Foucault’s idéer om hur makt fungerar i en panoptisk struktur.
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Fretel, Gutiérrez Liliana. "La Ética de la información de Luciano Floridi aplicada a los problemas informacionales de la novela 1984 de George Orwell." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16970.
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Pretende discutir teorías y analizar conceptos, pues asume que es
también importante realizar este tipo de metodologías de investigación interpretativas dentro de
la Bibliotecología y las Ciencias de la Información. De manera particular, la investigación
emplea el modelo de la Ética de la información de Luciano Floridi como marco teórico
especializado en los problemas relacionados a la información desde una dimensión moral, que
permite evaluar y revisar el propio concepto de información, junto a otros aspectos de la
problemática informacional, pero siempre desde una perspectiva integradora. De ese modo, esta
investigación consiste en una interpretación de la novela 1984 de George Orwell desde los
conceptos de la Ética de la información de Floridi, entendida como una macroética, en la cual
replantea las tres dimensiones de la información, como recurso-producto-objetivo, y propone su
unificación e interacción en la Infosfera, pero además, reconoce que cualquier acción que afecte
negativamente a la Infosfera en su conjunto puede incrementar el nivel de entropía. La tesis
sostiene, a modo de resultado general, la importancia de la libertad individual como una
condición indispensable para la creación y transmisión de información confiable y veraz que
contribuya al conocimiento de la realidad, y considera la idea de que la presencia de individuos
libres y bien informados fortalece un sistema democrático y enriquece la Infosfera. La idea
básica es que el ciudadano debería defender la democracia, porque este tipo de gobierno
pretende salvaguardar sus derechos fundamentales, como son el derecho a la vida, a la libertad,
a la seguridad, a la privacidad, a la libertad de opinión y de expresión, al libre acceso a la
información, etc., y este tipo de reconocimiento y defensa de derechos, difícilmente, ocurriría
en gobiernos autoritarios.
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Hudberg, Alexander. "The Ministry of Post-Truth: Using George Orwell’s 1984 to Develop English as a Foreign Language Students’ Critical Thinking Skills." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157083.
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In 2016, “post-truth” was chosen as the word of the year by the Oxford Dictionaries. This is a concept that has come to be associated with a type of political discourse in which objective facts are less important than factual inaccuracies which appeal to emotion to influence people’s attitudes. Due to this recent increase in post-truth politics, critical thinking becomes an important skill to master. Yet, studies have suggested that students often lack the necessary skills for critical thinking. One way of approaching this problem is through the reading of literature. This essay specifically argues that George Orwell’s 1984 provides teachers with an excellent opportunity to develop critical thinking skills among upper secondary English as a foreign language (EFL) students, with the novel as an excellent platform to also promote student reflection on current post-truth politics. In order to work with 1984 to foster critical thinking, this essay utilizes a literature-based, pedagogical model developed by Bobkina and Stefanova that draws inspiration from elements of reader-response theory and critical literacy pedagogy (CLP). To show how 1984 can be used to discuss current post-truth politics, a thematic analysis was performed where central themes and concepts from the novel, such as doublethink, Newspeak and telescreens, were compared to current trends in post-truth politics. The analysis itself was structured around the following themes: the distortion of truth for political gains, the use of language as an instrument of political power and the use of technology to spread misinformation. Following the analysis, a lesson project based on Bobkina and Stefanova’s four-stage model was constructed, focusing on different pre-, while- and post-reading activities aimed at making the students develop their critical thinking skills as well as their awareness of the three themes mentioned above. While this approach is deemed suitable for working with 1984 to discuss post-truth politics, a suggestion for further research would be to use Bobkina and Stefanova’s model together with more contemporary dystopian novels in order to discuss other topics that are more relatable to young adults, e.g. identity issues and social stratification.
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Hall, Terry Ryan. "Exploring the New Front of the Culture War: 1984, Oryx and Crake, and Cultural Hegemony." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/12.
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Dunphy, Patricia. "Den nya generationen: Dystopisk reproduktion : En tematisk genusanalys av Karin Boyes Kallocain, Aldous Huxleys Du sköna nya värld och George Orwells 1984." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-5700.
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The three dystopian novels Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Kallocain by Karin Boye and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell have been highly discussed amongst literary critics and scholars. Although these works are well-known, some themes have had very little or no recognition. Biological reproduction is a recurring subject in dystopian literature. Although it is not the main theme in the novels, it is a very important part in dystopian culture and dystopian society. By focusing on reproduction and the structure of gender roles in these three dystopias, I hope to bring to light something that's been in the shadows for a long time i.e. the women of dystopian society. I will address the role of nature and technology in terms of reproduction by using Pia Maria Ahlbäck's theory of the heterotopia. Later, I will discuss the problems and possibilities of the role of women in biological reproduction.
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Bergström, Lotta. "Att leva för öppen ridå : En analys av övervakningstemat i tre dystopier." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54327.
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Pelissioli, Marcelo. "From allegory into symbol : revisiting George Orwell's Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four in the light of 21 st century views of totalitarianism." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15320.
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Os primeiros textos do escritor inglês George Orwell consideram o apelo do ideário comunista, ao passo que seus dois últimos romances, A Revolução dos Bichos (publicado em 1946) e 1984 (publicado em 1949) se contrapõem radicalmente a esse regime. Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, foi-se estabelecendo a mística de uma forte ligação entre a obra de Orwell e o histórico do regime comunista, de modo que, com a queda do Comunismo, o desinteresse pelo assunto parece haver provocado uma diminuição no conceito dos méritos do escritor. O argumento da presente dissertação é que estamos frente a um momento nevrálgico no desenrolar da fortuna crítica de George Orwell, no qual a leitura alegórica feita até aqui deve ser substituída pela leitura simbólica, para que os textos do autor possam transcender à derrocada do movimento Comunista, sustentando-se na estética de sua literariedade e na atemporalidade de seu apelo ético. Em outras palavras, não é o texto de Orwell que precisa ser mudado, e sim, o ângulo de abordagem daqueles que constroem a fortuna crítica do autor, pois as referências temporais desgastadas diminuem a potencialidade interpretativa das obras. Um ponto comum que permanece, e que transpassa a obra literária de Orwell, é a opressão exercida por quaisquer sistemas políticos que possam ter atitudes consideradas totalitárias. Esta observação não remete apenas ao sistema comunista, mas também ao imperialista, ao autocrático, e até mesmo ao democrático. Orwell demonstra que um sistema não é totalitário por si só, mas através de suas atitudes em relação ao povo. Se, na época de seus lançamentos, a temática totalitária foi relacionada ao comunismo, tomando-se os textos como alegorias irreversíveis do discurso anti-comunista, a queda daquele regime, ou sua gradual abertura a práticas capitalistas, não basta para condenar as obras de Orwell ao anacronismo, descartando maiores possibilidades interpretativas. Ao propor uma releitura de A Revolução dos Bichos e 1984 substituindo as referências ao comunismo por qualquer tipo de prática totalitária — e concentrar o foco das observações no que é simbólico, ao invés de alegórico — acredito estar cumprindo minha parte neste processo de resgate da fortuna crítica de um escritor que considero ser um dos mais honestos e competentes de seu tempo.<br>The first texts of the English writer George Orwell approach the appeal of Communist views; however, his two last novels, Animal Farm (published in 1946) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (published in 1949) radically oppose this regime. Along the second half of the 20th century , strong bonds were established between Orwell’s works and the history of the Communist regime, however, with the fall of Communism, the lack of interest for the subject seems to have generated a diminution in the merits and recognition of the writer. The argumentation of this thesis is that we have been facing a central moment in the unfolding of George Orwell’s critical heritage, in which the allegorical reading done so far must be replaced by the symbolical reading, so that the texts of the author can transcend the fall of the Communist movement, supported by the esthetic of the literariety and atemporality of their ethic appeal. In other words, it is not the text of Orwell which must be changed, but the angle of the approach of those who build the author’s critical heritage, because outdated temporal references impair the interpretative possibility of the works. A remaining point that seems to cross all Orwell’s literary works is the oppression exerted by any political systems that can have attitudes considered totalitarian ones. This remark does not address only the Communist system, but also the Imperialist, the autocratic and even the Democratic ones. Orwell demonstrates that a system is not totalitarian on its own, but through its manifestations towards people. If, at the age of their launchings, the totalitarian theme was connected to Communism, taking the texts as irreversible allegories of the anti-Communist discourse, the fall of that regime, or its gradual opening to Capitalist practices, is not enough to condemn Orwell’s works to anachronism, discharging more comprehensive interpretative possibilities. I believe that, by proposing a new reading of Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four, replacing the references to Communism for references to any kind of totalitarian practice--, and concentrating the focus of the observation on what is symbolical – I will be doing my part in this process of rescuing the critical heritage of a writer who I consider one of the most honest and competent authors of his time.
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Dutel, Jérôme. "Linguistique-fiction & fictions linguistiques : un essai de définition à partir de La Grande Beuverie (1938) de René Daumal, 1984 (1949) de George Orwell, Les Langages de Pao (1957) de Jack Vance." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_dutel_j.pdf.
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Cette thèse réunit et confronte les oeuvres de René Daumal, George Orwell et Jack Vance (et plus spécialement leurs romans respectifs : La Grande Beuverie -1938-,1984 -1949- et Les Langages de Pao -1957-) du point de vue de leur appartenance au genre de la linguistique-fiction. L'étude des langages imaginaires et des théories linguistiques mises en oeuvre dans ces récits fantastiques permet ainsi d'étudier les possibilités mais aussi les limites de ce genre littéraire très spécifique tout en mettant en lumière, à travers la quête moderne d'un langage idéal, les démarches littéraires propres à ces trois auteurs<br>This doctorate addresses and confronts the works of René Daumal, George Orwell and Jack Vance (more specifically their respective novels: A Night of Serious Drinking -1938-, 1984 -1949- and The Languages of Pao -1957-) from the perspective of their belonging to the linguistic fiction literary genre. The systematic study of imaginary languages and linguistic theories at play in these fictions allows for an insight into the potentialities as well as the limits of this specific genre while also highlighting, through the central issue of the quest for a perfect language, each the writers' specific literary approach
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Harris, Clea D. "The Germ Theory of Dystopias: Fears of Human Nature in 1984 and Brave New World." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/699.
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This project is an exploration of 20th century dystopian literature through the lens of germ theory. This scientific principle, which emerged in the late 19th century, asserts that microorganisms pervade the world; these invisible and omnipresent germs cause specific diseases which are often life threatening. Additionally, germ theory states that vaccines and antiseptics can prevent some of these afflictions and that antibiotics can treat others. This concept of a pervasive, invisible, infection-causing other is not just a biological principle, though; in this paper, I argue that one can interpret it as an ideological framework for understanding human existence as a whole. Particularly, I believe that authors of prominent 20th century dystopian novels applied the tenets of germ theory in order to explore the potential “pathogens” that furtively exist within the human mind. These pseudo-germs are various human tendencies that, when left “untreated” by governments, create nonnormative members of society. In the eyes of dystopian regimes, it is precisely this nonnormativity that poses a lethal threat, in that it challenges the continued existence of society with the current ruling body at the helm. In this paper, I trace love (both sexual and familial) and individuation (as a function of social hierarchy, recreational activities, and the use of language) as social disease-causing pathogens in George Orwell’s 1984 and in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.
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Bauhs, James Anthony. "George Orwell As Social Conservative: Populism, Pessimism, and Nationalism in an Organic Community, 1934-43." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278361/.
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This thesis argues that a socially conservative tendency informed much of George Orwell's commentary between 1934 and 1943, and that the same tendency reflected a general European trend. The main sources of this thesis are a large selection of George Orwell's works and a smaller selection of works by Frantz Fanon, Jose Ortega y Gasset, and Antonio Gramsci. This thesis relies upon Orwell's involvement in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1937 and his embrace of nationalism in 1940 as major organizational points of reference. This thesis concludes that Orwell's commentary was an example of a general European conservative reaction against Marxist-Leninist thought.
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Toboul, Denise. "Problème du mal et conscience humaniste après 1945 : George Orwell, Arthur Koestler, Angus Wilson, Iris Murdoch." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10062.
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G. Orwell, a. Koestler, a. Wilson, i. Murdoch introduisent dans leurs romans une nouvelle prise de conscience du probleme du mal dans le monde contemporain. La societe britannique apres 1945 est en mutation; moeurs et moralite perdent toute reference aux valeurs victoriennes stables et protegees. Maintenant regnent relativisme, sentiment de l'absurde, confusion et desarroi dans la conscience de la guerre terminee mais encore possible. Orwell fonde son experience du pouvoir totalitaire sa critique des manifestations politiques du probleme du mal. Danger majeur du monde contemporain: l'aneantissement de la personnalite. Koestler dont l'experience personnelle s'inscrit dans la meme periode troublee s'en prend a la relation dangereuse existant entre pouvoir et ideologie. Le pouvoir d'hypnose du mal est source d'alienation. Dans la comedie de moeurs ambigue de la societe liberale, a. Wilson devoile les potentialites corruptrices de tout pouvoir laissant s'affaiblir la dimension ethique. Il analyse la structure sociale et la theatralite, forme subjective de l'experience du pouvoir. La lucidite peut orienter les determinismes vers la responsabilite, supprimant l'alienation. I. Murdoch analyse le mal dans les relations interpersonnelles. Partant de la difficulte de definir le mal, elle aboutit a travers une peinture lucide des effets de la volonte de puissance, du desir de posseder, de l'erreur de l'etre vis-a-vis de lui-meme a une condamnation du fantasme, forme du mal qui est source d'alienation. Marques par les tragedies de la politique mondiale ou par les transformations profondes du milieu sociologique, ces quatre auteurs mettent en lumiere leur desir de preserver l'esprit humaniste, seul remede pour eux contre les differentes manifestations du probleme du mal.
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Blanc, Marc. ""Gramophones Playing the Same Tune": Club Ideology and Mass Media in George Orwell's Burmese Days (1934)." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524847264997736.
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Celotto, Emanuela. "Albert Camus : démocratie et totalitarisme." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030038.
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Cette thèse propose une lecture de la création de Camus sous l’angle démocratique et antitotalitaire pour démontrer l’aspect innovant de sa pensée qui est plus que jamais d’actualité. Cent ans après la naissance de l’écrivain prix Nobel de littérature, son œuvre ouvre de nouveaux axes de réflexion à mi-chemin entre la philosophie, la science-politique et la littérature. Après une introduction générale aux concepts de totalitarisme et de démocratie, nous passerons plus spécifiquement à l’étude de l’auteur. Nous esquisserons un portrait de Camus en tant que journaliste engagé dans les batailles de son temps et nous aborderons une analyse comparative entre Camus et les intellectuels ou penseurs qui ont influencé sa pensée démocratique et inspiré sa réflexion sur les totalitarismes. Ensuite, nous focaliserons l’analyse sur certaines œuvres : les essais journalistiques (Actuelles I, II, III) et philosophiques (L’Homme révolté) ; les œuvres de fiction, comme La Peste, ainsi que trois pièces de théâtre Caligula, Les Justes et L’État de siège. En nous basant sur ce choix d’œuvres, nous examineront la technique adoptée par Camus pour transférer dans la fiction le débat démocratique contre les totalitarismes de son époque. Enfin, nous étudierons du point de vue lexicologique les termes de totalitarisme et démocratie, ainsi que tous leurs synonymes entrant dans le champ sémantique du débat antitotalitaire<br>This thesis proposes a reading of Camus’ creation from the democratic and antitotalitarian perspective in order to demonstrate the innovative aspect of his thought, which is more actual than ever. One hundred years after the birth of the writer, Nobel Prize for literature, his work opens up new lines of thought halfway between philosophy, science, politics and literature. After a general introduction to the concepts of totalitarianism and democracy, we will proceed to the more specifically study of the author. We sketch a portrait of Camus as a committed journalist in the battles of his time and we will discuss a comparative analysis between Camus and intellectuals and thinkers who influenced his democratic thought and inspired his thinking on totalitarianism. Then, we will focus the analysis on certain works : journalistic (Actuelles I, II, III ) and philosophical essays (The Rebel), fictional works, such as The Plague, and three plays Caligula, The Just Assassins and The State of siege. Based on this selection of works, we will examine the technique adopted by Camus to transfer into the fictional the democratic debate against the totalitarianism of his era. Finally, we will study from a lexicological point of view the terms of totalitarianism and democracy, and all their synonyms within the semantic field of anti-totalitarian debate
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Ludtke, Laura Elizabeth. "The lightscape of literary London, 1880-1950." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99e199bf-6a17-4635-bfbf-0f38a02c6319.
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From the first electric lights in London along Pall Mall, and in the Holborn Viaduct in 1878 to the nationalisation of National Grid in 1947, the narrative of the simple ascendency of a new technology over its outdated predecessor is essential to the way we have imagined electric light in London at the end of the nineteenth century. However, as this thesis will demonstrate, the interplay between gas and electric light - two co-existing and competing illuminary technologies - created a particular and peculiar landscape of light, a 'lightscape', setting London apart from its contemporaries throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Indeed, this narrative forms the basis of many assertions made in critical discussions of artificial illumination and technology in the late-twentieth century; however, this was not how electric light was understood at the time nor does it capture how electric light both captivated and eluded the imagination of contemporary Londoners. The influence of the electric light in the representations of London is certainly a literary question, as many of those writing during this period of electrification are particularly attentive to the city's rich and diverse lightscape. Though this has yet to be made explicit in existing scholarship, electric lights are the nexus of several important and ongoing discourses in the study of Victorian, Post-Victorian, Modernist, and twentieth-century literature. This thesis will address how the literary influence of the electric light and its relationship with its illuminary predecessors transcends the widespread electrification of London to engage with an imaginary London, providing not only a connection with our past experiences and conceptions of the city, modernity, and technology but also an understanding of what Frank Mort describes as the 'long cultural reach of the nineteenth century into the post-war period'.
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Picot, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à une étude de l'imaginaire chez quelques écrivains des XIXe et XXe siècles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF20012.
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Autour des voyages extraordinaires de jules verne, cette contribution envisage un corpus dont la coherence se veut d'ordre psycho-thematique : le voyage comme exploration de la mort, et l'ecriture comme voyage fantasmatique. Des lors, le voyage n'est plus seulement le reve d'epuiser les ressources de la mappemonde, mais aussi un reve d'utopies : utopies de l'ailleurs, de l'amour, du futur, d'un accord nature-societe-utopies qui se voient contraintes, devant les ingerences du siecle, a l'exorcisme paradoxal que constituent les diverses contre-utopies : mal moral explore par le recit policier ou le recit fantastique, souvent associes ; mal politique envisage tant en fonction des blocages imposes au desir, que des trop reelles oppressions d'une histoire titubant a l'aveuglette- tandis que la science-fiction tente d'y voir clair dans la stochastique du futur. D'ou la dilection de notre travail pour les differentes formes de la litterature des limites, celle qui, sachant que le monde n'est que notre representation, se soucie peu des normes d'un pseudo-realisme reducteur. Merveilleux, fantastique, science-fiction, utopie et contre-utopie, poesie et exploration du mal sont donc autant de manieres de dire, non pas l'absurdite, mais le sens infini du monde. Que la transcendance debute par l'ecrit, tel fut peut-etre, du premier au dernier de ces textes, notre fil conducteur<br>This thesis is a corpus centred round jules verne's voyages extraordinaires and its coherence is meant to be psychothematic : travelling is seen as an exploration of death, and writing as an imaginary journey. Thus, travelling is not merely a dream of exhausting what a map of the world may offer, but also a dream of utopias : the utopias of the extraneous, of love, of the future, of a harmony between nature and society - such utopias are forced into the para- doxical exorcism which the various counter-utopias have formed: a moral evil explored by detective of fantastic narratives, a political evil seen as a repre- hension of desires and as the oppression inflicted by history- meanwhile science-fiction tries to see through a hazardous future. Hence our preference for the various aspects of the literature of limits, which, aware that the world is only our weltanschaaumg, is quite heedless of the rules of a reducing pseudo-realism. Therefore, the wonderful, the fantastic, science-fiction, utopias and counter-utopias, poetry and the exploration of death are as many ways of expressing not the preposterousness but the infinite significance of the world. Let transcendency begin with writing, such was, perhaps, our clew, from the first to the last of these texts
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Chia-shin, Lin, та 林嘉信. "Ａ Foucauldian Reading of Discipline in George Orwell''s 1984". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46940877654040228989.
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碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>英語學系<br>89<br>In 1984, although people have awful living conditions, they still obey every strict rule established by the totalitarian Party. According to Michel Foucault, the success of power exertion is closely related to discipline─the practice of making people obey strict rules of behavior. Thus, this thesis intends to discuss how the totalitarian Party disciplines its subjects in terms of Foucault''s theories. Through the discussion, we will not only excavate George Orwell''s inarticulate concept of discipline but also discover the striking resemblance between Foucault and Orwell in the concept of discipline. Since Foucault''s concept of discipline is widely accepted and since Orwell''s and Foucault''s concepts of discipline are very similar, it can be inferred that Orwell''s concept of discipline will be widely compatible.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. In Chapter One, the commentary of 1984, the reason why Foucault''s theories are adopted and the absolute relativity between Orwell''s life and 1984 will be introduced. In Chapter Two, five criteria of Foucault''s “analytics of power” will be employed to analyze the class distinction in Oceanic society and the totalitarian Party''s objectives, means and instruments. In Chapter Three, Foucault''s concepts of “docile bodies” and “the means of correct training” are employed to unearth different means and instruments that the Party takes to subject Oceanian citizens. In Chapter Four, “panopticism,” the last part of Foucault''s theory of discipline, will be expounded and applied to George Orwell''s 1984 for three goals: to unveil more instruments that add force to the Party; to prove that Oceania can be regarded as a Panopticon; and to verify that even in terms of “panopticism,” Orwell''s understanding of discipline remains compatible with Foucault''s. Through the discussions in the above three chapters, it can be discovered that almost all Foucault''s ideas of discipline can find their correspondent scenarios in 1984. Based on this fact, it can be inferred that Orwell''s and Foucault''s concepts of discipline are well matched. Chapter Five concludes my thesis, summarizing the main points of the previous chapters.
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Bélanger-Marchand, Frédéric. "Mémoire et dystopie : l'utilisation politique de la mémoire dans le roman 1984 de George Orwell." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2002/1/M10739.pdf.
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À partir du roman 1984 de George Orwell, nous entendons montrer la relation entre la mémoire et la dystopie afin d'expliciter le lien qui existe entre les facultés mnésiques et leurs incidences sur une oeuvre de fiction à visée politique. Chez Orwell, les récupérations historiques d'événements avérés, les mises en abîmes tirées de la tradition de l'utopie et l'utilisation du langage sont représentatives d'une tendance à voir dans le passé les possibilités d'un à-venir autre. La manipulation des mémoires individuelle et collective par un régime totalitaire devient la voie privilégiée pour asseoir un pouvoir sur le social. Cependant, c'est également la mémoire qui permet à l'individu de s'échapper du cauchemar sociétal en lui inspirant des rêves compensatoires et en lui insufflant le désir d'oeuvrer concrètement au renversement de l'ordre établi. La mémoire permet ainsi l'émergence d'une altérité en fournissant les références d'un passé différent du présent qui alimenteront une critique du totalitarisme et, ultimement, contribueront à l'avènement d'un monde meilleur. La réappropriation d'une mémoire du passé devient, par conséquent, le moteur d'une écriture visant à définir l'horizon possible de l'avenir. Dans ce contexte, le passé s'avère être à la fois un enjeu primordial pour la domination totale et l'essence d'une résistance pour assurer à l'humanité l'espoir et l'avenir de la liberté. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Littérature, Mémoire, Dystopie, Totalitarisme. George Orwell: 1984.
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Bandeira, Bernardo Manuel Cartas. ""Gestos Inúteis" em "1984" de George Orwell : Análise psicanalítica das relações de objeto de Winston Smith." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/8096.
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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica<br>“1984” é uma obra marcante do século XX e apesar ter sido alvo de muitos estudos linguísticos e políticos, as relações entre as personagens têm passado despercebidas. A presente dissertação analisa as relações de objeto de Winston Smith, o protagonista da obra “1984” de George Orwell, seguindo-se a abordagem narrativa do método qualitativo. Procedendo-se à análise a partir da técnica de investigação da psicanálise aplicada, a prosa de “1984” permite o estudo das dinâmicas relacionais de Winston, a partir dos diálogos com as outras personagens, e pelo narrador, sendo omnisciente, dar a conhecer ao leitor as experiências de Smith e a leitura que ele faz das mesmas. Atendendo ao contexto distópico que subjaz o mundo da obra, e seguindo como linha orientadora o pensamento kleiniano, a análise foca-se, primordialmente, nos relacionamentos de Smith com as personagens Julia, O’Brien e na sua tentativa de recuperar a memória traumática da sua mãe. No começo da dissertação aborda-se a abertura da narrativa edipiana da personagem, cujo enredo possibilita o amainar da sua agressividade e solidão, a partir do relacionamento amoroso com Julia, a busca de conhecimento, e a identificação com uma figura paterna idealizada que determina o final trágico da obra. Sublinha-se também a função sublimatória e reparadora da busca do passado realizada pelo protagonista, procurando elaborar o processo de luto pela perda da mãe, cuja morte sente ter causado, e o modo como o desejo de derrubar a ordem societal vigente, interfere e vai sendo diluído nas relações significativas que desenvolve.
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Alves, Diana. "O Design da capa de livro e a sua interpretação visual: o livro 1984 de George Orwell como estudo de caso." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/28168.
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O livro, ao passar a ser produzido industrialmente, deixou de ser um artefacto único, acessível apenas às elites, para se tornar num objeto do quotidiano ao alcance de uma grande parte da população. Consequentemente, a capa do livro deixa de cumprir um propósito meramente protetor e decorativo e passa a servir como veículo de comunicação entre o conteúdo do livro e o seu leitor. Assim sendo, surgem novas preocupações quanto ao design da capa, já que esta se torna na ferramenta central utilizada pelas editoras, de modo a aumentar as suas vendas ao máximo. A contextualização teórica inicial deste trabalho permite compreender melhor a capa do livro, explicando a sua origem e evolução. Adicionalmente, é também explorada a relevância da capa e os aspectos que influenciam a sua forma final. Compreende-se que esta é responsável pela primeira impressão criada no leitor, moldando a sua expectativa quanto ao seu conteúdo. A vertente prática desta dissertação procura empreender o modo como uma única narrativa resulta em soluções de capa diferentes. Para tal, o trabalho foca-se nos vários designs criados para as capas de uma obra específica - o livro 1984 do autor George Orwell, publicado pela primeira vez em 1949. Esta obra, apesar de ter relativamente poucos anos, quando comparada com outros clássicos, foi republicada mais de 400 vezes desde a sua publicação, evidenciando enumeras abordagens no seu design. Esta análise examina essas abordagens centrando-se no modo como diferentes aspectos e interpretações de uma narrativa resultaram em diversas soluções de design, cada uma procurando expressar a sua própria visão.
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ZEMANOVÁ, Lucie. "Specifičnost a originalita jazyka v románech A. Burgesse a G. Orwella." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252626.
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The aim of this thesis is to compare two distinct principles of making new linguistic style and their role in fictional society. The thesis will present both novels (Burgess' A Clockwork Orange and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four) and then it will focus on function and principles of making neologisms used in these novels. In the end the thesis will focus on summarization of both principles and it will analyze the language role in both novels.
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Pelán, Štěpán. "Pojetí totality v díle George Orwela." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436244.
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The aim of this thesis is to characterize the way George Orwell viewed the totalitarianism and how he portrayed this phenomenon in his works. The fundamental part is an analysis of the characteristics of totalitarian regimes in Orwell's most important works 1984 and Animal Farm. For a deeper understanding of Orwell's view of totalitarian regimes, his life and the events that shaped his political thinking were also discussed in more detail. In addition to the aforementioned, the work also includes a general characteristic of the typical features of totalitarianism and general principles of totalitarian regimes, referring to the historical and political context of the twentieth century of selected states, such as the USSR, Germany or Czechoslovakia. This section is followed by an analysis of selected works by authors who dealt with totalitarianism from the view of political theory, such as Hannah Arendt, F.A. Hayek, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Ernst Jünger. Though George Orwell described himself as a leftist and a socialist, he strictly rejected any form of totalitarian rule, and, as he wrote in one of his essays, much of his work was anti- totalitarian. His attitude towards totalitarianism began to emerge during the Spanish Civil War, in which he actively participated. There he also met for the first...
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WAN, XIAN-YU, and 萬先裕. "The nightmare of totalitarian rule:a study of Georage Orwell's 1984." Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13871469840061514731.
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Sugaya, Yu. "Likvidace světa. Filosofická cvičení na příkladu George Orwella: 1984. Konfrontace s Arendtovou, Foucaultem a Derridou." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392639.
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In this thesis I make a triple comparison of George Orwell's novel 1984: triple i. e. mainly with three philosophical works: Vita activa. oder Vom tätigen Leben. (The Human Condition) of Hannah Arendt, Surveiller et punir. Naissance de la prison. (Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison) of Michel Foucault und De la grammatologie (Of Grammatology) of Jacques Derrida. In what a set-up the power realizes itself, will be analyzed. Key words: English literature, Power, Discipline, Control, Bio-politics
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Taillefer, Hélène. "L'intelligence artificielle comme figure de la dystopie dans Nineteen eighty-four, de George Orwell, le Dépeupleur, de Samuel Beckett, et Neuromancer, de William Gibson." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2229/1/M10931.pdf.
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Ce mémoire porte sur la figure de l'intelligence artificielle, en ce qu'elle permet d'incarner les craintes et les angoisses mises au jour par la critique sociale véhiculée dans les fictions dystopiques. Il analyse les manifestations d'êtres-machines et de structures de contrôle social créés par l'humanité, et dont la conduite témoigne d'une forme d'intelligence; il montre ainsi en quoi certaines structures sociales se calquent sur les machines pensantes imaginées. S'appuyant sur une approche pluridisciplinaire qui fait notamment appel aux domaines de la cybernétique, de la biologie et de la science politique, cette étude de la dystopie se concentre plus particulièrement sur le corpus littéraire suivant: Nineteen Eighty-Four, de George Orwell, Le Dépeupleur, de Samuel Beckett, et Neuromancer, de William Gibson. Prenant ses racines dans l'utopie, la dystopie a été façonnée au XIXe siècle à partir des craintes et des désillusions liées à une industrialisation qui modifiait radicalement le mode de vie humain. Dans ce type de fictions, les rapports de force entre l'humanité et ses outils -ses créations -basculent, car la technique y permet la transmission d'un ascendant sur l'être humain. Cette emprise se voit exacerbée par la machine pensante, dont l'accession à la vie autorise un niveau d'indépendance et d'initiative inaccessible à ses prédécesseurs. Ce faisant, l'intelligence
artificielle permet d'imager le déplacement de point focal qui s'opère quand l'outil devient une fin en soi, de même qu'elle illustre les potentialités asservissantes d'une utilisation inconsidérée de la technique. À l'image de l'être artificiel, les structures machiniques de la dystopie acquièrent
suffisamment d'autonomie pour pouvoir, elles aussi, attenter à la souveraineté de l'individu. L'humain, noyé au sein de ces structures qui le submergent, n'est alors plus qu'une composante insignifiante dont la spécificité se fait systématiquement gommer par la machine sociale. En définitive, qu'il s'agisse d'un être ou d'un système, la figure de l'intelligence artificielle apparaît comme un sujet agissant, qui incarne la propension de la dystopie à réduire l'individu à l'état de pion. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Dystopie, Intelligence artificielle, Cybernétique, George Orwell, Samuel Beckett, William Gibson.
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Bakič, Pavel. "Obraz médií v britských dystopiích." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329193.
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The thesis aims to give an overview of the treatment of media in texts that have formed modern dystopian writing and to which new additions in the genre necessarily relate. This set of texts consists of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and When the Sleeper Awakes by H. G. Wells; first chapter substantiates this selection and proceeds to define the concepts of "media" and "dystopia". Second chapter is concerned with the understanding of history in dystopian societies and shows that the very concept of historicity is undesirable for a totalitarian state, which seeks to blur history and reduce it to a three-point schema "before the Event - the Event (revolution) - after the Event". Closer analysis then shows that the Event itself can be divided into a further triad that has to be completed in order to pass into eternal post-Event society. Third chapter describes the use of citizens as media and shows that while Huxley's society uses what Michel Foucault calls "biopower" to achieve this goal, Orwell's society rather uses the concept of "discipline". Fourth chapter turns to printed media a the privileged role they are ascribed in the novels: The authors see literature as an embodiment of individuality and, at the same time, as a guarantee of tradition established by an...