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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1990-2000'
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Niazaliev, Ouran. "Failed Democratic Experience In Kyrgyzstan: 1990-2000." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605282/index.pdf.
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This study seeks to analyze the process of transition and democratization in Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to 2000. The collapse of the Soviet Union opened new political perspectives for Kyrgyzstan and a chance to develop sovereign state based on democratic principles and values. Initially Kyrgyzstan attained some progress in building up a democratic state. However, in the second half of 1990s Kyrgyzstan shifted toward authoritarianism. Therefore, the full-scale transition to democracy has not been realized, and a well-functioning democracy has not been established. This study aims to focus on the impediments that led to the failure of establishing democracy in Kyrgyzstan. It analyzes the role of economy, political elites and political culture in the form of tribalism in Kyrgyzstan within the framework of the economic and political changes that have been undergoing since independence. The political and economic developments in Kyrgyzstan are discussed with specific reference to the hardships in economic transition, elite continuity and role of tribal and clan structures in present politics.
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Chiu, Melissa, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and Centre for Cultural Research. "Transexperience and Chinese experimental art, 1990-2000." THESIS_CAESS_CCR_Chiu_M.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/677.
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This dissertation focuses on Chinese artists who migrated to the West (Australia, the United States, and France )during the late eighties and early nineties. Throughout the thesis, it is argued that transexperience encourages a more fluid perception of the relationship to the homeland, not only positing it in the past but also in the present. The structure of the dissertation, devised in terms of locations, is relevant to the author's argument that the site of settlement is a significant determinant in the development of artistic expressions of overseas Chinese artists. A brief conclusion explores some of the most recent developments in the relationship between overseas Chinese artists and their homeland as seen in more frequent travel back, the exhibition of their work (which would have been impossible only a few years ago), and official invitations to represent China in international exhibitions.<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Chiu, Melissa. "Transexperience and Chinese experimental art, 1990-2000." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050615.104323/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.<br>"A thesis submitted in full completion of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Cultural Histories and Futures, University of Western Sydney" Includes bibliography.
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Dávila, Cajahuanca David. "Análisis de la estructura tributaria nacional 1990-2000." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2006. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2006/davila_cd/html/index-frames.html.
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Riu, Martí Maria Montserrat. "La Polipoesia als anys 1990-2000 a Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/552406.
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Aquest treball analitza un nou moviment a la Barcelona als anys 1990-2000: la Polipoesia barcelonina. La qüestió que es tractarà es compon de diferents parts: 1. La definició i descripció del moviment polipoètic a Barcelona (1990-2000) i la seva base ideològica, expressada amb les seves diferents facetes (paraules en llibertat, els textos que "suren" en el full, les accions i les performances…). 2. El que aquest moviment aporta en l'artístic i l'estètic a través de l'estudi d'un nucli d'autors concret. 3. Els antecedents a partir de les avantguardes artístiques. 4. Els objectius i la metodologia emprada per dur a terme el treball.
Els objectius que m'he proposat són: en primer lloc, investigar l'origen de la Polipoesia de Barcelona i la relació d'aquesta amb els autors proposats, l'origen és a Itàlia. En segon lloc, trobar un nucli d'autors, el perfil dels quals defineix, en part, la Polipoesia a Barcelona, que són Xavier Sabater, Enzo Minarelli, Giovanni Fontana. En tercer lloc, estudiar els aspectes més importants dels mateixos autors i relacionar-los amb el naixement i creixement de la Polipoesia a Barcelona i l'Epigenètica de Giovanni Fontana. En quart lloc, estudiar els seus perfils i les seves obres, la Ciberpoesia de Xavier Sabater. En cinquè lloc, indagar els antecedents que han donat lloc a aquest moviment, com les primeres avantguardes de segle XX… i continuar amb els moviments que han tingut una influència més directa com el Futurisme, Dadaisme i Surrealisme. I finalment les "figures d'altres autors" que directament o indirecta han pogut determinar aspectes definitius en la consolidació del moviment com, per exemple, el poeta Adriano Spatola. En sisè lloc, relacionar les diferents formes d'expressió, disciplines, estils i gèneres, que de manera multidisciplinària conviuen a la Polipoesia de Barcelona i la defineixen, com per exemple la música, la pintura, l'acció poètica… En setè lloc, investigar quin paper fa la veu humana i el sorollisme, en relació amb el naixement de la Polipoesia a Barcelona, com per exemple el "Gir del so". I en vuitè lloc, analitzar els objectius del moviment, com per exemple el seu compromís social.
Així doncs, els objectius d'aquesta tesi es relacionen amb el moviment que desenvolupa la veu humana amb tots els seus sons i tonalitats per fer poesia d'una manera diferent de la tradicional. Els poetes treballen amb sons que trenquen sense cap sentit, per compondre els seus poemes. L’objectiu és escriure i dir els sons (en lloc de paraules) de manera tan poc convencional com poden i per això s'inspiren en La Ursonata de Kurt Schwitters i en els estils que hem citat. Però no es tracta d'un objectiu aïllat perquè Xavier Sabater (creador de la Polipoesia tal com es fa a Barcelona) necessita socis per finançar les activitats que ell promociona i per aquest motiu decideix fer més grans els incentius. I ho fa obrint la "mirada artística" a d'altres estils i disciplines, per la qual cosa el concepte de les performances i de les accions, els concerts de la música i les exposicions de pintura, és lliure, encara que respectant determinats "codis". De manera que arriba a fusionar diferents disciplines en una de sola: "La Polipoesia barcelonina". Aquesta aconsegueix interessar els artistes més importants d'arreu del món relacionats amb el tema.
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Gusmão, Tallyta Rosane Bezerra de. "Aspectos econômicos da unificação da Alemanha (1990 - 2000)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-06022018-123557/.
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A unificação Alemã, ocorrida ao longo dos anos 1980, culminou na derrubada do muro de Berlim em 1989, foi o resultado do processo de ruptura e desagregação advindo da derrota do Eixo na Segunda Guerra Mundial (19391945), associado à fragmentação gerada da partilha do território alemão entre os aliados (particularmente entre Estados Unidos e União soviética, e dos movimentos geopolíticos da Guerra Fria). O colapso da Guerra Fria unificou a Alemanha dividida, e esta é resultado da Guerra Fria. Esta dissertação busca captar e perceber um momento de reconstituição do território alemão em um contexto em que este é não apenas estrategicamente relevante para o desenvolvimento do Capitalismo em sua fase de expansão globalista, mas também para o posicionamento estratégico dos diferentes territórios na miríade da União Europeia. A Alemanha se unificou, em 1990, assim, não apenas pelo interesse dos alemães, mas pelo interesse dos Europeus e do próprio Capital. Este é um estudo sobre os aspectos históricoeconômicos das características, condições e impactos do processo de reintegração territorial da Alemanha, ocorrida ao longo dos últimos decênios do século XXI.<br>The process of German unification during the 1980s, culminating in the overthrow of the Berlin wall in 1989, was the result of the dialectical process of rupture and disintegration arising from the defeat of the Axis in World War II (19391945), associated with the fragmentation generated by the sharing of German territory between the allies (particularly between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the geopolitical territory, and the geopolitical movements of the Cold War). The collapse of the Cold War unified Germany divided territory, and this is a result of the Cold War. This dissertation seeks to capture and perceive a moment of reconstitution of German territory in a context in which it is not only strategically relevant for the development of Capitalism in its phase of globalist expansion but also for the strategic positioning of the different territories in the myriad of the European Union. Germany was unified in 1990, thus, not only by the interest of the Germans, but by the interest of the Eupeans and of the Capital itself. This is a study on the historicaleconomic aspects of the characteristics, conditions and impacts of this process of territorial reintegration of Germany, which occurred during the last decades of the 21st century.
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Pennanen, H. (Helena). "Saamenluokka oppimisympäristönä:peruskoulun saamelaisopetus 1990–2000-luvuilla oppilaiden kokemana." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201704131500.
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Saamelaisen kulttuurin pro gradu -tutkielmani käsittelee saamelaisnuorten kokemuksia saamenkielisen perusopetuksen -saamenluokan, oppimisympäristöistä Suomen saamelaisalueella. Tutkin millaisia kokemuksia entisillä oppilailla on saamenluokassa opiskelusta. Näitä kokemuksia analysoin oppimisympäristön, toiseuden ja voimaantumisen käsitteiden kautta. Tutkielmani on laadullinen tutkimus. Aineistonani on kuusi vuosina 1987–1996 syntyneiden yliopistossa opiskelevan saamelaisen haastattelua. Haastateltavat ovat peruskouluaikanaan osallistuneet joko saamenkieliseen opetukseen tai ”saame äidinkieli ja kirjallisuus” -opetukseen. Haastattelut toteutin puolistrukturoituina teemahaastatteluina kevään ja syksyn 2016 aikana. Lisäksi tein yhden tarkentavan sähköpostihaastattelun talvella 2017. Aineistoani analysoin temaattisen analyysin keinoin. Tutkimukseni osoittaa, että toiseuden ja voimaantumisen kokemuksia ilmenee kaikilla oppimisympäristön alueilla. Toiseuden kokemukset syntyvät usein institutionaalisten valintojen seurauksena, esimerkiksi luokkien sijoittelun, opetuskäytänteiden ja koulun pääosin suomenkielisenä näyttäytyvän kielimaiseman kautta. Äidinkielenään saamea puhuville nuorille siirtyminen saamenkielisestä opetuksesta suomenkieliseen opetukseen on aiheuttanut erityisiä haasteita. Joidenkin oppiaineiden, kuten historian, biologian ja matematiikan suomenkieliset erityissanastot ovat olleet haastatelluille vieraita. Tämän vuoksi opetuksen seuraaminen on ollut vaikeaa, mikä on voinut vaikuttaa heikentävästi opiskelumotivaatioon ja opintomenestykseen yläkoulussa ja lukiossa. Sosiaalisten suhteiden solmimisen haasteet ovat myös aiheuttaneet toiseuden kokemuksia. Saamenluokkien sijaitessa usein erillään muista koululuokista, ovat saamen- ja suomenluokkien oppilaat voineet jäädä etäiseksi toisilleen. Pahimmillaan tilanne on saattanut johtaa koulukiusaamiseen. Tällaisissa tapauksissa kiusaamiseen voidaan nähdä linkittyvän etnistä kategorisointia, mikä on hyvin huolestuttavaa. Haasteista huolimatta koulussa on viihdytty. Merkittävimpiä voimaannuttavia elementtejä koulussa ovat olleet yhteistyö ympäröivän saamelaisyhteisön kanssa, kulttuurisensitiivinen opetus sekä saamelaisopettajan saamelaisuutta tukeva rooli. Eri oppiaineisiin on sidottu saamelaisen kulttuurin elementtejä ja saamenluokan retket erilaisiin saamelaistapahtumiin ovat rakentaneet kokemusta saamelaisyhteisöön kuulumisesta. Saamenluokka on muodostanut tiiviin yhteisön, joka on vahvistanut opiskelijoiden saamelaisidentiteettiä. Toiseutta eli ryhmien välisiä eroja on rakennettu myös saamenluokasta käsin, jolloin ne ovat toimineet voimaannuttavina kokemuksina. Tutkielmani osoittaa, että saamenluokkien oppimisympäristöjä tulisi tutkia enemmän myös oppilaan näkökulmasta. Korkean kaksikielisyyden tavoitetta ja opiskelijoiden mahdollisia haasteita suomenkieliseen opetukseen siirryttäessä tulisi ehdottomasti tutkia tarkemmin. Samoin koulujen sisäisiä sosiaalisia suhteita ja niiden muodostamista tulisi tarkastella etnografian keinoin.
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Augé, Étienne F. "L'illusion culturelle : le monde de Hollywood 1990-2000." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0031.
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Iskandar, Hamid. "L'évolution de l'image de l'armée libanaise : 1990-2000." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020037.
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Araya, Carmona Jimena, and Adaro Carolina Cornejo. "Participación femenina en el mercado laboral: 1990-2000." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2003. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108177.
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El presente trabajo pretende contribuir al estudio de los factores que afectan la participación femenina en el mercado laboral, mediante un análisis de las encuestas CASEN 1990, 1996, 1998 y 2000. La Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) es aplicada bianualmente en nuestro país desde 1985, con excepción del año 1989. Corresponde a una encuesta representativa de la población que habita en hogares particulares. En primer lugar, se pretende analizar la situación actual del mercado laboral chileno, con las respectivas tasas de participación según sexo, edad, nivel educacional, estado civil, jefatura de hogar, quintiles de ingreso per cápita y presencia de menores en el hogar. En segundo lugar, se analizarán las respectivas tasas de empleo y su evolución durante los años mencionados, intentando capturar los ciclos por los cuales ha pasado la economía chilena, que sin duda alguna, han influido en los niveles de participación laboral femenina. Finalmente, se pondrá énfasis en las variables que afectan la tasa de actividad de las mujeres y se realizará una estimación econométrica para ver el impacto de dichos factores, considerando en forma especial la influencia que pueda tener en la participación la presencia de niños menores y jardines infantiles cerca del hogar.
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Agnarson, Lars. "The Integration of Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden, 1990-2000." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1231.
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<p>The main purpose of this Master Essay is to analyse the integration of Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden between 1990 and 2000. My hypothesis has been that Ethiopian immigrants in Sweden constitute a group whose prospects to integrate are fairly low, but whose prospects to integrate also depend on the sex-composition and the length of staying in Sweden. In my analysis of the chosen group’s immigration pattern and integration, I have used a longitudinal database of the Swedish population where information on income and employment are included. I have analysed the group’s labour market participation and their prospects to reduce and eventually close the income gap in relation to the working aged population in Sweden.</p><p>The regime of control in Ethiopia between 1977 and 1991 forced hundreds of thousands of mostly young Ethiopians to flee to Europe and USA. Between 1985 and 2000, 8033 Ethiopians immigrated to Sweden. The peak years were 1989 and 1991, preceded by a dramatic increase of the number of Ethiopians who immigrated to Sweden. After 1991 the immigration from Ethiopia to Sweden declined rapidly to a similarly low level as before 1985.</p><p>Nevertheless, when analysing the age-composition, those aged 18-29 years were shown to be in majority throughout the whole period as mostly young Ethiopians were forced to flee before 1991. Also, younger persons are more likely to migrate than older persons. The spectacular decrease of Ethiopian immigration to Sweden was probably linked to the former regime’s capitulation in 1991. In addition, Eritrea’s outbreak from Ethiopia in 1991 also had consequences on the numbers of Ethiopian immigrants to Sweden as Eritreans were no longer categorized as Ethiopians. Up to 1991, men were more likely to immigrate, but after then females were clearly in majority.</p><p>The frequency of not being employed has decreased considerably among Ethiopian immigrants throughout the period. At the same time, the income gap between them and the population in general was reduced even though it remained large in the whole period. The decrease in the proportion of Ethiopian immigrants without employment was larger for the females than for the males, and even if men had higher incomes throughout the period, women’s income approached that. Thus it seems that the integration process is on its way for Ethiopian immigrants, especially for the women. The age-composition is probably an important factor behind the group’s relatively successful integration given the large share of working aged persons.</p>
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Phan, Phalla. "Trade liberalisation and manufacturing performance in Thailand 1990-2000 /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050201.105429/index.html.
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Cattoi, Thomas. "The experience of Lithuanian agricultural transition in 1990-2000." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397306.
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Mesquita, André Luiz. "Insurgências poéticas: arte ativista e ação coletiva (1990-2000)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-03122008-163436/.
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Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre as interseções entre práticas artísticas e ativismo contemporâneo, especialmente nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. A partir de diferentes contextos, o estudo investiga os conceitos e objetivos de uma arte coletiva e engajada socialmente, considerando seus modos de experimentação estética e expressão política. Utilizando-se de entrevistas, manifestos, textos críticos, reportagens e documentos como fotografias, vídeos e filmes, a dissertação apresenta no primeiro capítulo um histórico detalhado sobre as diversas concatenações entre arte, ativismo político e produção coletiva no século XX. No segundo capítulo, este trabalho analisa a formulação de uma \"estética anti-corporativa\", baseada em táticas intervencionistas criadas por artistas e coletivos radicados nos EEUU, Espanha, França, Canadá, Austrália e Brasil. Seus projetos envolvem instalações artísticas com experimentos biológicos, mídia tática, cartografias, protestos contra a globalização capitalista, performances e Culture Jamming. O terceiro capítulo apresenta um estudo sobre o coletivismo artístico no Brasil e algumas de suas estratégias de ação, como intervenções urbanas, circuitos alternativos de produção e de distribuição, projetos com comunidades específicas e colaborações com movimentos sociais. Além disso, o texto faz uma breve reflexão sobre a atitude e o impacto destes grupos sobre o sistema de arte, caracterizado pelo apoio institucional de museus, galerias, mostras internacionais, críticos, curadores e patrocínio corporativo<br>This dissertation presents a reflection about the intersections between artistic practices and contemporary activism, especially in the decades of 1990 and 2000. From different contexts, teh study investigates the concepts and objectives of a collective art, socially engaged, considering their modes of aesthetic experimentation and political expression. Utilizing interviews, manifests, critical texts, newsprints and documents as photographies, videos and movies, the dissertation presnts in the first chapter a historical account about the concatenations between art, political activism and collective production in the twentieth century. In the second chapter, this work analyses a formulation of an \"anti-corporate aesthetics\", based in interventionist tactics created by artists and collectives in USA, Spain, France, Canada, Australia and Brazil. Their projects involve artistic installations with biological experiments, tactical media cartographies, protests against capitalist globalization, performances and culture jamming. The third chapter presents a study about the artistic collectivism in Brazil and some of their strategies of action, as urban interventions, alternative circuits of production and distribution, projects with specific communities and collaborations with social movements. Besides, the next makes a brief reflection about the attitude and impact of these groups in the art system, characterized by institutional support of museums, galleries, international exhibitions, art critics, curators and corporate sponsorship
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Kieling, Cesar Eduardo. "Utopia e identidade em terra estrangeira." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284788.
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Orientador: Lucia Nagib<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Insituto de Artes<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2003<br>Resumo: Dirigido por Walter Salles e Daniela Thomas, Terra Estrangeira (1995) mostra, a partir de trajetórias individuais, conseqüências do Plano Collor (Plano Brasil Novo, em março de 1990) e o problema da migração contemporânea. Apresenta-se como um filme de um país e de uma geração em crise, com seus realizadores reivindicando uma proposta cinematográfica próxima ao documentário, capaz de refletir de maneira crítica a história recente. Combinada a esta intenção realista, há a composição de representações alegóricas da identidade nacional e da formação social brasileira que transcendem o contexto de crise conjuntural imediata. No filme a representação dos intelectuais e artistas passa por uma decepção diante da ausência de perspectivas transformadoras e de uma crise em relação à identidade nacional brasileira. Os projetos de transformação social persistem em sutis evocações nostálgicas, em contraste com a incerteza em relação ao futuro<br>Abstact: Directed by Walter Salles and Daniela Thomas, Terra Estrangeira (Foreign Land, 1995), show the consequences of the ¿Plano Collor¿ (¿Brasil Novo¿ economic plan in March, 1990) and the problems of contemporary migration. It is the film of a country and a generation in crisis, whose proposal combines fiction with documentary footage in order to convey a critical representation of the recent history. Beyond its realistic intention, there are allegorical representations of the Brazilian national identity and the social questions which reach beyond the immediate economic crisis. In the film the representation of the intellectuals and artists shows the disappointment in with the impossibility of social changes and the crisis of the Brazilian national identity. However, the projects of social transformation persist in subtle nostalgic evocations, in contrast with the uncertainty with a bleak perspective for the future<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Multimeios
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Cadenas, Ramos Hugo. "Autonomía del sistema legal chileno y expectativas sociales frente a su diferenciación: Un análisis a través de los derechos humanos y la corrupción." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106094.
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Cadenas, Ramos Hugo. "Políticas Públicas hacia la organización campesina en Chile Programas de fomento productivo asociativo desde una mirada sistémico constructivista." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2003. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105925.
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Clark, Kristen Ellam. "Predatory politics?: an assessment of Jamaica's civil war, 1990-2000." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192313.
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Lemsch, Eva. "Freiräume in Thüringer Großsiedlungen. Erfahrungen aus der Wohnumfeldverbesserung 1990-2000." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-164957.
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Im Erscheinungsbild der Thüringer Großsiedlungen vollzog sich zwischen 1990 und 2000 ein deutlicher Wandel. Wohnumfeldverbesserungen trugen maßgeblich dazu bei. Diese Maßnahmen ordneten sich in die durch Förderprogramme gesteckten Ziele der Stadt- und Sozialplanung ein. In allen Wohngebieten wurden die Wohn- und Lebensbedingungen im Vergleich zu 1990 verbessert. Umfangreiche Aufwertungen im Wohnumfeld folgten i. d. R. umfassenden Gebäudesanierungen. Die Vorteile der Verkehrskonzepte und Versorgungsinfrastruktur wurden erhalten und ausgebaut. Die soziale Segregation vollzog sich deutlich langsamer als noch zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre befürchtet. Entsprechend blieb die gemischte Sozialstruktur teilweise erhalten. Die Bewohner sind mit ihrer Siedlung heute mindestens genauso zufrieden wie zu Beginn der Aufwertungsmaßnahmen. Das Eigenimage der Großsiedlungen konnte ebenfalls stabilisiert werden. Damit wurde das erklärte sozialplanerische Ziel, die Identifikation der Bewohner mit ihrem Wohngebiet zu stärken, erreicht. Diesen gelungenen Aspekten steht eine Reihe von Aufgaben gegenüber, die nicht umgesetzt wurden. So besteht die strukturelle, funktionale und bauliche Uniformität fort. Trotz Neu- und Umbau vieler Stadtteilzentren entwickelte sich nicht die angestrebte urbane Vielfalt. Die unzureichende funktionale und gestalterische Differenzierung des Raumes nach dem Öffentlichkeitscharakter verstärkt diese weiterhin vorhandene Monotonie der Siedlungen. Die Chancen, die Großsiedlungen besser an die Gesamtstadt und die landschaftliche Umgebung anzubinden, wurden nur selten genutzt. Trotz aller Bemühungen verzeichneten alle Großsiedlungen in den 1990er Jahren erhebliche Einwohnerverluste. Das Fremdimage der „Platte“ ist weiterhin schlecht. Die Wohnumfeldverbesserungen weisen in den Großsiedlungen deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich Umfang und Intensität auf. Allen Wohngebieten gemein ist ein Nebeneinander von aufwendig aufgewerteten Bereichen und von Quartieren, in denen nur wenig Veränderungen stattgefunden haben. In keinem Wohngebiet erfolgte eine komplette Gebietsaufwertung. An den Aufwertungsmaßnahmen waren viele verschiedene Akteure beteiligt, mit teilweise gegensätzlichen Interessen. Landschaftsarchitekten sind eine dieser Interessensgruppe. Ihre Arbeit bestimmt das Erscheinungsbild der Großsiedlungen erheblich mit. Allerdings bestehen nur geringe Handlungsspielräume zur Konfliktlösung zwischen den Beteiligten. Im Laufe der 1990er Jahre wandelten sich die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Bedingungen. Nachfolgend fand ein Paradigmenwechsel im Umgang mit der Weiterentwicklung der Großsiedlungen und ihrer Freiräume statt. Aus den zu erwartenden Konditionen wurden hier Handlungsempfehlungen zur künftigen Wohngebietsentwicklung formuliert: in dauerhaft zu erhaltenden Quartieren sollten differenzierte Aufwertungen durchgeführt, in Rückbaubereiche neben der Stabilisierung des Wohnungsmarktes auch die Wohnungsvielfalt durch Umbauten erhöht werden. Die Freiräume in den Bestandsquartieren sind zu sichern, zu vernetzen und zu verbessern. Bei Interimsfreiräumen besteht ein erhebliches funktionales und gestalterisches Potential. Dazu gehören sowohl temporäre Aufwertungen für Erholungssuchende als auch extensive Freiraumentwicklungen verschiedener Vegetationstypen zur Erhöhung der ökologischen Vielfalt sowie wirtschaftliche Zwischennutzungen<br>An enormous change in the appearance of the large suburban housing estates in Thuringia took place between 1990 and 2000. Improvements of the living environment contributed significantly to it. These measurements integrated into the aims of the city- and social planning that had been defined by support programmes. In all residential areas the housing- and living conditions have been improved in comparison to 1990. Extensive upgrading in the living environment generally followed substantial building restorations. The advantages of the traffic concepts and the provisioning infrastructure were conserved and extended. The social segregation transformed clearly slowlier than suspected at the beginning of the 1990ies. Correspondingly, the mixed social structure has been partly conserved. Today, the residents are at least as satisfied with their housing estates as at the beginning of the upgrading procedures. The image of the large suburban housing estates themselves could also be stabilised. Thus, the definded aim in social planning, to enforce the residents’ identification with their housing area, has been reached. These successful aspects are confronted with a row of tasks that have not been realised. So, the structural, functional and constructional uniformity still exists. Despite the new and re- construction of many community centres the intended diversity has not been developed. The insufficient functional and creative differentiation of the space according to the public character enforces this still existent monotony of the areas. The chances of linking the large suburban housing estates better to the whole town and the surroundings / landscape have only rarely been used. Despite all efforts all large suburban housing estates recorded immense losses of residents in the 1990ies. The external image of the “Platte” is still bad. Concerning their extent and their intensity the improvements in the living environments show significant differences in the large suburban housing estates. In all areas there is a coexistence of expensively upgraded parts and of accomodation with only few changes. There was no complete upgrading in any of the areas. Many protagonists contributed to the upgrading measurements, partly with opposed interests – landscape architects are one of these interest groups. Their work considerably defines the appearance of the large suburban housing estates. As a fact, there is only little room for manoeuvre concerning conflict resolution among the involved. In the course of the 1990ies the economic and social conditions changed. Afterwards a paradigm change in the handling of the advancement of the large suburban housing estates and their spaces took place. The expected conditions were formulated into recommended actions to the future development of the residential areas: in accomodation to be permanently preserved, differentiated upgrading should be made as well as the residential market should be stabilised in reconstruction areas while the diversity of flats should be increased through rebuilding at the same time. The open spaces in the accomodation need to be secured, to be linked and to be improved. There is an enormous functional and creative potential with interim spaces. Temporary upgrading for recreation searchers belongs to it, also extensive space developments of different vegetation types to increase the ecological diversity as well as temporary uses in the field of economy
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Whitmore, Sarah Victoria. "Building institutions in Ukraine : the case for parliament, 1990-2000." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288850.
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Rossi, Margherita. "Government-trade union relations and Europeanisation in Hungary 1990-2000." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275168.
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Leasor, Michele McNeely. "Measuring Geographically Concentrated Poverty in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9136.
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Grohmann, Luis Gustavo Mello. "O veto presidencial no Brasil : 1946-1964 e 1990-2000." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109372.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho analisa o instituto do veto presidencial no Brasil, comparando os períodos de 1946-1964 e 1990-2000. Cria um modelo de jogo do veto para o Brasil, empregando a Teoria da Escolha Racional e a Teoria dos Jogos. Basicamente, o desafio é superar o paradoxo apresentado pela literatura de que o veto não é previsto mas acontece. Examina os efeitos da alteração, entre um período e outro, do quorum de derrubada do veto sobre o confronto Executivo - Legislativo e suas implicações para o presidencialismo de coalizão brasileiro. Os resultados alcançados foram os seguintes: 1) nosso modelo do jogo do veto supera o paradoxo ao admitir a existência dos jogos ocultos que acompanham o veto e o processo legislativo: polarização política, conexão eleitoral, disputa entre poderes; 2) além disso, demonstramos que a prática do apoio mútuo no Legislativo permite a ocorrência do veto e de sua manutenção; 3) o quorum de derrubada do veto, e sua alteração, é importante na formação das coalizões de governo, mais especificamente, das maiorias; 4) variável igualmente importante é a disciplina partidária, que garante a eficácia das maiorias formadas.<br>This work analyzes the presidential veto in Brazil, comparing the periods of 1946- 1964 and 1990-2000. It creates a model of veto game for Brazil, using the Rational-Choice Theory and the Game Theory. Basically the challenge is to overcome the paradox presented by the literature, that the veto is not foreseen but it happens. We examine the effects of the alteration, between a period and other, of the override veto quorum on the Executive- Legistative confrontation and its implications for the Brazilian coalition presidentialism. The reached results were the following ones: 1) our model of the veto game overcomes the paradox when admits the existence of the nested games that accompany the veto and the legislative process: political polarization, electoral connection, dispute among powers; 2) besides, we demonstrated that the practice of the mutual support in the Legislative allows the veto to occurs and its maintenance; 3) the override veto quorum, and its alteration, is important to the formation of government's coalitions, more specifically, of the majority; 4) variable equally important is the party discipline, that guarantees the effectiveness of the majority.
24
Clark, Philip. "Ten years at the Sherman Theatre, 1990-2000 : creating and developing a young people's and emerging artists' strategy at the Sherman Theatre, Cardiff, 1990-2000." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/ten-years-at-the-sherman-theatre-19902000(3685c156-781c-4897-9c77-b8ce060eeb2a).html.
Full textAbstract:
This overview, in partnership with the physical portfolio, chronicles my work as Artistic Director and Chief Executive of the Sherman Theatre, Cardiff, 1990 - 2000 and demonstrates how I invented, created and developed a young people's and emerging artists' policy and strategy in this regional theatre over a ten year period. In 1990 I was appointed to the post to create and develop the Sherman Theatre as Wales' premiere pioneering theatre for young people. Within this paper I will describe my practice over the ten year period, but I will also examine in detail my own artistic work in the year 1999-2000 with the aim of demonstrating how this period of work had particular relevance to young people. Within the study I will also investigate and explain some of my own personal working methods with artists when creating a theatre production. In the late 1980s the Arts Council of Wales (ACW) in partnership with the (then) South Glamorgan County Council (SGCC), the two main funders of the theatre, and the theatre's Board of Trustees employed Adrian Trickey, an independent arts consultant to prepare and present a feasibility study that investigated the possibility of the Sherman Theatre refocusing its policy and becoming a Young People's Theatre for Cardiff with an all Wales remit. His findings and proposals were positive and his recommendations accepted. I was appointed in 1990 to spearhead the development and translate the theoretical recommendations into positive practice. In 1999 I, in partnership with the senior management of the Sherman, recognised that the current funding levels of the theatre were far too low to sustain its artistic programme and the capital infrastructure of the building. We employed Peter Boyden, an independent arts consultant to work with us and advise the team in preparing a document for the Sherman's Board of Trustees, the ACW and Cardiff County Council (current funders) that clearly stated that the status quo operation at that time was not an option for sustainability of the Sherman Theatre. This overview records and examines the years between the Trickey and Boyden reports (1990-2000). This is a portfolio submission to the University of Glamorgan. The physical portfolio that accompanies this paper includes examples of artistic and administrative policy developments and practice. This submission is therefore a personal investigation and records the creation, development and sustainability of a Young People's Theatre and Emerging Artists Strategy within a regional theatre (Sherman Theatre) 1990-2000, and how it practically applied to a generation arising of young people and emerging artists.
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Rooyen, Edwin Adrianus Leonardus van. "De Europeanisering van belangengroepen en politieke partijen in Nederland 1990-2000 /." Amsterdam : Pallas Publications, 2009. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10346687.
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Raatschen, Hans-Jürgen. "Suizide durch Selbstverbrennung eine rechtsmedizinische Auswertung Berliner Fälle 1990 bis 2000 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/171/index.html.
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King, Cecilia. "Assessing company strength in South Africa using value added : 1990 - 2000." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53296.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The publication of the Value Added Statement should be seen as an attempt to
introduce financial results to all the stakeholders of an organisation that aided in its
wealth creation process. However, the current practice to present Value Added
Statements in a variety of ways is not conducive to financial analysis and users of the
information find it difficult to compare company results.
The information on the Value Added Statement provides useful knowledge of the
contribution of employees and fixed assets, the relative relationship of dependency
and control between the organisation and its suppliers and the long-term
requirements of the organisation to meet market demands.
This study project aims to determine if value added-based ratio analysis could be
used to measure company strength and be useful as a tool in corporate strategy
formulation. The areas of investigation included productivity of production factors,
reinvestment in capital and overall business control.
The measures used to determine productivity also provided insight into the capital
and labour intensity of companies and sectors. The model that was developed in this
section indicates how companies differ in terms of their intensity and how productive
their production factors are. It was found that although some companies were able to
exert high value added to sales ratios, they did not perform as well when their
productivity levels were measured. This is an indication that an imbalance exists between the current production factor proportions and management should try to find
the optimal solution for increased productivity.
The search for the optimal point between labour and fixed assets could convince
management to reduce employee numbers or fixed assets to increase their
productivity ratios. This is not a favoured approach as companies are dependent on
their production factors for continuous growth and prosperity. The aim is to
determine if companies have the means to invest in their production factors to
increase their levels of productivity. Reinvestment in capital refers to fixed assets, as
well as investment in training and development of current employee skills. The
investigation revealed that many companies have the ability to reinvest, while others
appear to be in a less favourable position.
The last section was an attempt to measure the overall business control of
companies when their margins on sales and value added were compared. These
ratios provided insight into the ability of companies to add value through their own
production skills or by command of lucrative contracts with suppliers. Those
companies that are able to show high values on both ratios are said to display a high
degree of overall business control.
In conclusion it was found that value added-based ratio analysis could be used to
identify problem areas in corporate strategy. Management's reaction to those areas
and their continuous drive to improve value creation in the organisation would
eventually lead to increased national wealth creation.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die publikasie van die Staat van Toegevoegde Waarde moet gesien word as 'n
poging om finansiële resultate aan alle belanghebbendes van 'n organisasie, wat
bygedra het tot die proses van welvaartskepping, aan te bied. Die huidige praktyk
om die Staat van Toegevoegde Waarde op verskeie maniere aan te bied is egter nie
bevorderlik vir finansiële analise nie en gebruikers van die inligting vind dit moeilik om
maatskappy resultate te vergelyk.
Die inligting op die Staat van Toegevoegde Waarde verskaf waardevolle kennis oor
die bydrae van werknemers en vaste bates, die relatiewe verhouding van
afhanklikheid en beheer tussen die organisasie en sy verskaffers en die langtermyn
behoeftes van die organisasie om aan markverwagtinge te voldoen.
Hierdie studieprojek poog om vas te stel of toegevoegde waarde gebaseerde
verhoudingsanalise gebruik kan word om maatskappyvermoë te bepaal en of dit 'n
nuttige instrument in korporatiewe strategieformulering kan wees. Die areas van
ondersoek het die produktiwiteit van produksiefaktore, herinvestering in kapitaal en
algehele besigheidsbeheer ingesluit.
Die maatstawwe wat gebruik is om produktiwiteit te bepaal het ook insig gegee oor
die kapitaal- en arbeidsintensiteit van maatskappye en sektore. Die model wat
ontwikkel is in hierdie afdeling wys hoe maatskappye verskil in terme van hul
intensiteit en hoe produktief hul produksiefaktore is. Dit is gevind dat, alhoewel
sommige maatskappye in staat was om hoë waardes vir die toegevoegde waarde tot verkope verhouding te openbaar, hulle nie so goed gevaar het toe hul produksie
vlakke gemeet is nie. Dit is 'n aanduiding dat 'n wanbalans bestaan tussen die
huidige produksiefaktor verhouding en bestuur moet probeer om 'n optimale
oplossing te vind vir verhoogde produktiwiteit.
Die soeke na die optimale punt tussen arbeid en vaste bates kan bestuur oortuig om
werknemer getalle of vaste bates te verminder ten einde hul
produktiwiteitsverhouding te verbeter. Dit is nie die aangewese benadering nie
aangesien maatskappye afhanklik is van hul produksiefaktore vir volgehoue groei en
welvaart. Die doel is om te bepaal of maatskappye die middele het om te investeer
in hul produksiefaktore ten einde hul vlakke van produksie te verhoog.
Herinvestering in kapitaal verwys na vaste bates, sowel as investering in opleiding en
ontwikkeling van bestaande werknemer vaardighede. Die ondersoek het openbaar
dat baie maatskappye wel oor die vermoë beskik om te herinvesteer, terwyl ander
blyk om in 'n minder gunstige posisie te wees.
Die laaste afdeling was 'n poging om die algehele besigheidsbeheer van
maatskappye te bepaal wanneer die marge op verkope en toegevoegde waarde
vergelyk word. Hierdie verhoudings bied insig oor die vermoë van maatskappye om
waarde toe te voeg deur hul eie produksievaardighede of deur middel van
winsgewende kontrakte met hul verskaffers. Maatskappye wat in staat is om hoë
waardes vir beide verhoudingsgetalle te openbaar word beskou as maatskappye met
'n hoë algehele besigheidsbeheer.
28
Spohr, Aino Rosa Kristina. "Unified Germany's Ostpolitik, 1990-2000 : the Baltic question in European context." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621071.
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Gharibeh, Azza. "La presse écrite économique en Syrie et la réforme de juillet 2000." Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020075.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis son arrivée à tête de la Syrie en juillet 2000, le président Bachâr AL-ASSAD a entamé une série de réformes destinée dans son ensemble à moderniser le pays. Pour la première fois depuis de nombreuses années, les Syriens ont pratiqué leurs droits au rassemblement, à la manifestation et à la liberté d’expression, ou presque. Les deux premiers chantiers d’action du jeune président furent l’économie et les médias. Il a ouvert les portes de ces domaines au secteur privé. L’économie syrienne, qui était depuis longtemps socialiste, est devenue plus libérale et plus ouverte. Le parti Baath, qui gouverne le pays depuis 1963, a adopté une nouvelle politique économique: « l’économie sociale de marché ». La scène médiatique syrienne s’est quant à elle diversifiée. La presse économique a été la première à profiter de cette double ouverture. Que ce soit dans la presse étatique ou privée, des changements significatifs ont marqué tant le contenu que la forme des articles. Notre thèse vise à analyser de près ces deux réformes en insistant sur leurs objectifs, sur leur mise en œuvre et leurs limites. Pour ce faire, nous avons dans un premier temps étudié les changements intervenus sur la scène médiatique et économique syrienne après la réforme annoncée par Bachâr Al-Assad lors de son discours d’investiture. Cette étude a impliqué une nécessaire analyse du discours de la presse économique. Ensuite, nous nous sommes attardés sur le contexte politico-historique de l’émergence et du développement de la presse économique en Syrie. Ainsi nous avons fait un travail d’archivage de cette presse pour chaque période historique. Enfin, nous avons étudié les perspectives d’évolutions de la presse économique du pays au travers d'une analyse minutieuse de son économie, du rôle de l’Etat dans le jeu médiatique, du degré d’indépendance dont jouissent les acteurs médiatiques non-étatiques ainsi que de la capacité des journalistes et des institutions de presse à créer un nouveau dynamisme susceptible de conduire à une démocratisation de l’information économique.
30
Pujol, Ozonas Cristina. "Cinefilia y crítica de cine en España (1990-2000). Una aproximación sociocultural." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9215.
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Al llarg d'aquest treball, he intentat defensar la idea de que els judicis de valor que elabora la crítica de cinema espanyola estàn inscrits en tradicions culturals que deriven, la major part d'elles, de categories històrica i socialment construïdes. En aquest cas, la cinefília, en qualsevol de les seves accepcions, seria l'origen sociocultural de les tradicions cinematogràfiques de gran part de la crítica. D'ella sorgirien les idees i conceptes que fa servir la crítica sobre el que és art, cultura i cinema. D'altra banda, he desenvolupat la idea de que aquestes tradicions cinèfiles, per molt diverses que puguin ser des d'un punt de vista històric, cultural i social, es converteixen en una pràctica institucionalitzada des del moment en què es formulen a través de la crítica de cinema. Pel que fa institució, per tant, la crítica treballa per mantenir la seva posició social privilegiada com estament regulador dels discursos cinematogràfics que circulen en la societat en un moment històric determinat. La proposta d'analitzar la crítica de cinema en els anys 90 és perquè en aquesta dècada es formalitza un canvi generacional llargament incubat durant els 80. En aquest aspecte, es produeix un xoc generacional en el qual cada formació crítica, més enllà de les seves tradicions culturals i cinèfiles, treballarà per legitimar uns gustos cinematogràfics i consolidar-los com a part de la institució. En el procés, els mateixos crítics s'erigeixen en representants d'aquests gustos emetent discursos públics sobre el cinema i la cultura, jerarquitzant, fent judicis de valor i discriminant models estètics cinematogràfics i culturals. En aquest sentit, la crítica de cinema funciona com un espai de confrontació dels gustos culturals de les diferents tradicions cinèfiles, gustos que es van institucionalitzant a mesura que els discursos es legitimen social i culturalment. Aquests discursos cinematogràfics i aquests processos d'institucionalització estan sotmesos a múltiples variables socials, culturals, històriques, econòmiques, nacionals, generacionals i de gènere que els situa més enllà del camp cinematogràfic. Al llarg d'aquest treball, he intentat aprofundir en cadascun d'aquests paràmetres per a establir els orígens i significats dels discursos i pràctiques culturals que circulen al voltant del cinema. El mètode d'anàlisi que m'ha permès un acostament interdisciplinari a la cinefília i la crítica de cinema és la branca dels estudis culturals que ve de la teoria cultural i la sociologia de la cultura.<br>A lo largo de este trabajo, he intentado defender la idea de que los juicios de valor que elabora la crítica de cine española están inscritos en tradiciones culturales que derivan, la mayor parte de las veces, de categorías histórica y socialmente construidas. En este caso, la cinefilia, en cualquiera de sus acepciones, sería el origen sociocultural de las tradiciones cinematográficas de gran parte de la crítica. De ella surgirían las ideas y conceptos que maneja la crítica acerca de lo que es arte, cultura y cine. Por otro lado, he desarrollado la idea de que estas tradiciones cinéfilas, por muy diversas que puedan ser desde un punto de vista histórico, cultural y social, se convierten en una práctica institucionalizada desde el momento en que se formulan a través de la crítica de cine. En cuanto institución, por tanto, la crítica trabaja para mantener su posición social privilegiada como estamento regulador de los discursos cinematográficos que circulan en la sociedad en un momento histórico determinado. La propuesta de analizar la crítica de cine en los años 90 es porque en esa década se formaliza un cambio generacional largamente incubado durante los 80. En este aspecto, se produce un choque generacional en el que cada formación crítica, más allá de sus tradiciones culturales y cinéfilas, trabajará para legitimar unos gustos cinematográficos y consolidarlos como parte de la institución. En el proceso, los mismos críticos se erigen en representantes de esos gustos emitiendo discursos públicos acerca del cine y la cultura, jerarquizando, haciendo juicios de valor y discriminando modelos estéticos cinematográficos y culturales. En este sentido, la crítica de cine funciona como un espacio de confrontación de los gustos culturales de las diferentes tradiciones cinéfilas, gustos que se van institucionalizando a medida que los discursos se legitiman social y culturalmente. Estos discursos cinematográficos y estos procesos de institucionalización están sometidos a múltiples variables sociales, culturales, históricas, económicas, nacionales, generacionales y de género que los sitúa más allá del campo cinematográfico. A lo largo de este trabajo, he intentado profundizar en cada uno de estos parámetros para establecer los orígenes y significados de los discursos y prácticas culturales que circulan en torno al cine. El método de análisis que me ha permitido un acercamiento interdisciplinar a la cinefilia y la crítica de cine es la rama de los estudios culturales que viene de la teoría cultural y la sociología de la cultura.<br>Throughout this work I have attempted to defend the idea that value judgments produced by the Spanish film criticism are enrolled in cultural traditions that derive, most of the times, from historically and socially constructed categories. In this case, cinephilia, in any of its forms, would be the sociocultural background of the cinematic traditions of much of contemporary Spanish film critics. From it arises the ideas and concepts to handle criticism about what art, culture and film should be. Furthermore, I developed the idea that these cinéphiles traditions, however different that may be from an historical, cultural and social perspective, become an institutionalized practice from the time they are made through film criticism. As an institution, therefore, film criticism works to maintain its privileged status as a regulator estate of those cinematic discourses circulating in a society at a particular historical moment. The proposal to analyze Spanish film criticism in the 90s, is because in that decade formalizes a long-incubated generational change since 80s. In this aspect, there is a generational clash in which each critical training, beyond cultural and cinéphiles traditions, will work to legitimize and consolidate some cinematic tastes as part of the institution. In this process, critics are put forward as representatives of those tastes by issuing public statements about cinema and culture, a hierarchy, making discriminating judgments, and aesthetic models and cultural films. In this sense, film criticism works as a confrontation of cultural tastes of the different cinéphile traditions, and tastes are becoming institutionalized as legitimate social and cultural statements. These cinematographic discourses and institutionalizing processes are subject to multiple social, cultural, historical, economic, national, generational and gender variables, which puts them beyond the cinematographic field. Throughout this work I have attempted to delve into each one of these parameters in order to establish the origins and meanings of discourses and cultural practices that circulate around the cinema. The method of analysis that has allowed me to an interdisciplinary approach to cinephilia and film criticism is the branch of cultural studies that comes from cultural theory and sociology of culture.
31
Romitti, Martin. "Political storms : punctuated equilibrium and the Missouri River policy arena, 1990-2000 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013017.
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Dayimani, Bongikhaya. "Elite attitudes and the ANC's shift from nationalization to privatization : 1990-2000." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52820.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The period prior to the 1990's marked the ANC as a liberation movement, perceived by
many as being in favour of nationalization and a state controlled economy. The advent of
democracy and the ANC's assumption of political power have, however, seen a change in
the ANC elites' policy rhetoric, practice and approach to policy formulation. This essay
examines the extent to which elite views and attitudes have shifted from nationalization to
privatization. It notes that while the ANC government has been persuing and implementing
Gear and its privatization component, its elite seems to be less supportive and to some
extent ambivalent on the question. In addition, continued implementation of Gear and its
privatization elements, in spite of reservations by the majority of the elites supporting the
ANC, reveals a technocratie nature in approach to policy-making on the part of the ANC-led
government.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voor 1990 was die ANC oor die algemeen beskou as 'n bevrydingsorganisasie, ten gunste
van nasionalisering en 'n staatsbeheerde ekonomie. Met die totstandkoming van
demokrasie en die ANC se aanname van politieke mag, het daar 'n verandering
plaasgevind onder ANC elite ten opsigte van beleidsretoriek, praktyk en hulle benadering
betreffende beleidsformulering. Hierdie studie ondersoek tot hoe 'n mate die elite se
sieninge en houdings verskuif het vanaf nasionalisering na privatisering. Terwyl die ANC
regering GEAR implementeer met sy privatiseringkomponent, is die ANC elite al minder
ondersteunend t.o.v die privatiseringskwessie; om die waarheid te sê, hul standpunt hieroor
is tot 'n mate dubbelsinnig. Verder toon die implementering van GEAR, en sy
privatiseringselement, ten spyte van bedenkinge onder die meerderheid van die elite wat
die ANC ondersteun, 'n toenemende tegnokratiese benadering tot beleidsmaking aan die
kant van die ANC regering.
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Moncarz, Pedro Esteban. "Trade liberalisation and relative wages theory and evidence for Argentina, 1990-2000." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430536.
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Fontana, Roberto. "Competing technologies : expectations and diffussion of local area networks equipment 1990-2000." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270550.
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Mateu, Miriam Cristina Franco. "METAMORFOSES NO MUNDO TRABALHO: Caso do setor bancário em Dourados (1990/2000)." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA GRANDE DOURADOS, 2006. http://tede.ufgd.edu.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/224.
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Previous issue date: 2006-04-05<br>The changes which occurred in the work world in the last decades of the 20th century provided the new relation between the capital and the work. Flexibility was imposed as a
bigger production and profits by the companies. New management practices and as a result, new work habits shaped a new profile of worker, and the collaborators, who
dedicate themselves to their company and many times make a patron-like rhetoric as it was their own voice, being alienated from their collective representative, the Labor Union. So,
the labor union force went through a crisis of originality, mingled by this state of things and by internal disputes between the combative and liberal chains. The speech of
negotiation, as the best judge and instrument of fight, was present in almost all the labor unions, even the more historically combative. The present work studied this process of metamorphosis in the work world and its implications to the bank sector, especially, in Dourados City, during the 1990 s. It is aimed to analyze the tendencies and practices that
were consolidated in their locus and that transformed the way it worked and mainly the bank workers<br>As mudanças ocorridas no mundo do trabalho nas últimas décadas do século XX redimensionaram as relações entre o capital e o trabalho. A flexibilização se impôs como resposta a maior produção e lucratividade das empresas. Novas práticas de gerenciamento, e por sua vez, novos hábitos de trabalho moldaram um novo perfil de trabalhador, o colaborador, que veste a camisa de sua empresa e por vezes faz da retórica patronal sua própria voz, alheando-se de seu representante coletivo, o Sindicato. Assim, o sindicalismo passou por uma crise de legitimidade, fragilizado por este estado de coisas e por disputas internas entre correntes combativas e liberais. O discurso da negociação, como melhor árbitro e instrumento de luta, rondou quase a unanimidade dos sindicatos, até mesmo, os historicamente mais combativos. O presente trabalho estuda esse processo de metamorfose no mundo do trabalho e suas implicações no interior do setor bancário, especificamente, o alocado na cidade de Dourados, durante a década de 1990. Buscou analisar as tendências e
práticas que se consolidam no seu lócus e transformaram seu funcionamento e, principalmente, o trabalhador bancário
36
Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Ferreira de. "DÉCADA DE OSTRACISMO: ANÁLISE DA TEOLOGIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO NO BRASIL (1990-2000)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3623.
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Previous issue date: 2004-06-30<br>The current situation of Liberation Theology is analyzed by theoreticians
related to it by their opponents in multifarious ways. Adaptation to new context,
crisis and even the announcement of its death are the propositions that one can
find in editorials that discuss the subject. This thesis starts from another
reading, in order to understand the current status of Liberation Theology in
Brazil: that of its ostracism. Having adopted the poor as a starting point for a
theological reflection, this theology has paid the price of adopting a new
ecclesial model, in disagreement with that of the millennial model of Christianity,
adopted by the Roman Catholic Church. The ostracism of Liberation Theology
in Brazil could be defined by the abandonment of the poor as the ecclesial
cause, formerly adopted as ecclesial priority by the Brazilian church in the last
thirty or so years, as well as by the condemnation of Marxism’s adoption as a
theoretical reference point, once attempted by this theology. The ostracism of
Liberation Theology reflects a framework of conflict between distinct ecclesial
models, where disputation for the monopoly of the goods of salvation translates
this whole tension. Scholars such as Weber, Bourdieu and Otto Maduro stands
as theoretical guides for the perception of the proposed hypothesis.<br>A atual situação em que se encontra a Teologia da Libertação é
analisada por teóricos ligados a ela por seus oponentes de forma a mais
variada possível. Adaptação ao novo contexto, crise e até o anúncio de sua
morte são as respostas encontradas nos editoriais que refletem sobre o
assunto. A presente dissertação parte de uma outra leitura para compreender o
atual status da Teologia da Libertação no Brasil: a de seu ostracismo.
Adotando uma reflexão teológica que tem nos pobres seu ponto de partida,
essa teologia pagou o preço por adotar um novo modelo eclesial divergente do
milenar modelo de Cristandade adotado pela Igreja Católica Romana. O
ostracismo da Teologia da Libertação no Brasil se define pelo abandono dos
pobres como prioridade eclesial assumida pela Igreja Católica do Brasil nos
últimos 30 anos e pela condenação da utilização do marxismo como viés
analítico por essa teologia. O ostracismo da Teologia da Libertação reflete um
quadro de conflito entre modelos eclesiais diferentes, onde a disputa pelo
monopólio dos bens de salvação traduz toda essa tensão. Teóricos como
Weber, Bourdieu e Otto Maduro servem de referenciais teóricos para a
percepção da hipótese levantada.
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Silveira, Magda Matos Maurelli. "Características do tratamento anti-rábico humano em Belo Horizonte, de 1990 - 2000." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8C5DGP.
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The identification records of 106,878 people seen in five health units in Belo Horizonte City Hall to review the characteristics and trend of anti-rabies treatment for post-exposure, 1990 to July 2000. For analysis of those elements of people living in Belo Horizonte were examined 34,909 identification cards, 1996 to July 2000. The results showed that the annual trend of attendance has been dropping, while the treatment is increasing. There was a difference between the indication for treatment of persons residing in the capital and those who live in other cities were 68.1% and 9.0% respectively. Considering the health units, the Valley of Jatoba (96.1%) and the Carlos Chagas (66.5%) showed the highest percentage in the indication for treatment. The average coefficient of treatment from 1996 to 1999 was 22.8 persons per 10,000 inhabitants. Analysis of the distribution of monthly attendance showed an increase of people attacked in the period from June to September with peak in September. Dogs and facts prevailed as responsible in accidents and connect with people who sought medical care. Contact with wild species such as coon, fox, wolf, skunk, monkeys and monkeys resulted in treatment indications over 95% of cases. No human cases were diagnosed and domestic animals in the past 11 years in the city. 85.9% of the animals involved were of known origin. The average drop-out was 24.7%, ranging from 24.6% to 38.1% among the health units. The average person spends doses was 3.8 and those who received up to three doses of vaccine (58.35%) showed the highest frequency. The mean capture and disposal of dogs was 2.28% and coverage of 84.1%. The absence of rabies cases in animals in Belo Horizonte, the types of pets and the high percentage of contacts and aggression in the family provide elements that allow the modification of the treatment program after the current human exposure, to bring them to this reality<br>Foram utilizadas 106.878 fichas de identificação de pessoas atendidas em cinco unidades de saúde da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte para análise das características e da tendência do tratamento anti-rábico humano pós-exposição de 1990 a julho de 2000. Para análise desses elementos de pessoas residentes em Belo Horizonte foram examinadas 34.909 fichas de identificação, de 1996 a julho de 2000. Os resultados revelaram que a tendência anual de atendimentos vem se reduzindo, ao passo que a de tratamentos está aumentando. Houve diferença entre a indicação de tratamento de pessoas que residem na capital e as que moram em outros municípios receberam 68,1% e 9,0% respectivamente. Considerando-se as unidades de saúde, o Vale do Jatobá (96,1%) e o Carlos Chagas (66,5%) foram as que apresentaram maior percentual na indicação de tratamento. A média do coeficiente de tratamento de 1996 a 1999 foi de 22,8 pessoas para cada 10.000 habitantes. A análise da distribuição mensal do atendimento revelou um aumento de pessoas agredidas no período de junho a setembro com pico em setembro. Os cães e fatos predominaram como responsáveis nos acidentes e contato com as pessoas que procuraram atendimento. O contato com espécies silvestres como coati, raposa, lobo, gambá, micos e macacos resultaram em indicações de tratamento acima de 95% dos casos. Não foram diagnosticados casos humanos e de animais domésticos nos últimos 11 anos no município. Dos animais envolvidos 85,9% eram de origem conhecida. A média geral de abandono foi de 24,7%, com variação de 24,6% a 38,1% entre as unidades de saúde. A média de doses gasta por pessoa foi de 3,8 e aquelas que receberam até três doses de vacinas (58,35%) apresentaram a maior freqüência. A média de captura e eliminação de cães foi de 2,28% e a cobertura vacinal de 84,1%. A ausência de casos de raiva em animais no município de Belo Horizonte, os tipos de animais de estimação e o elevado percentual de contatos e agressões no ambiente familiar fornecem elementos que possibilitam a modificação do programa de tratamento pós-exposição humana vigente, visando sua adequação a essa realidade.
38
Horvath, Christina. "Au miroir de la surmodernité : le roman urbain en France 1990-2000." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030018.
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Ce travail a pour objectif de jeter les bases d'une poétique du " roman urbain " qu'il étudie à son état actuel à la fin du XXème siècle en France. Expression privilégiée de l'ère de la surmodernité, le roman urbain est un récit porté sur l'actualité dont l'intrigue se déroule à l'époque contemporaine (celle de l'auteur et du lecteur à la parution du texte) et qui livre une description très précise de la vie quotidienne ordinaire, sans que son objectif primordial soit de décrire les " mœurs " d'une classe sociale particulière. Fondée sur l'analyse d'un corpus textuel composé d'une cinquantaine d'œuvres publiées entre 1990 et 2000, notre étude traite de la ville littéraire sous ses trois principaux aspects : le réseau, le kaléidoscope et le patchwork. Elle décrit les lois régissant la mise en fiction de l'espace urbain, dresse l'inventaire des principaux types de personnages et d'intrigues et examine les stratégies intertextuelles qui sont à l'origine de l'effet d'actualité qui caractérise le roman urbain<br>The aim of this study is to found a theory of the "urban novel", a genre which we propose to investigate in its present state at the end of the 20th century in France. Defined as a fiction whose plot unfolds in the contemporary era (that of the author and the reader at the moment of publication) the "urban novel" tends to offer a detailed description of everyday life without focusing on the representation of a particular social class. It is a characteristic form of expression in the post-modern period. The study examines a corpus of about fifty novels, edited between 1990 and 2000, and analyses the principal aspects of the literary city: as a network, a kaleidoscope and a patchwork. We describe the rules which govern the representation of urban space, classify the characters and plots which are typical of the "urban novel" and examine the intertextual strategies which largely account for the effect of "up-to-dateness" which is so characteristic of them
39
Sanchez-Geraci, Daniel Abdon. "The Extent and Nature of Gentrification in U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249829713.
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Li, Han. "Modeling Gentrification on Census Tract Level in Chicago from 1990 to 2000." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1336064031.
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Chuaqui, Cano Cristóbal. "La integración de los sirios en la Comuna de Recoleta (1990-2000)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131793.
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Orós, García Sara Inés. "La prensa y los periodistas en prisión en el período 1990-2000." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1284.
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La presente investigación, que describe el comportamiento de parte de la prensa ante la aparición de periodistas en prisión, ofrece insumos cuantitativos y cualitativos que nos lleva a un mayor conocimiento de la relación prensaderechos humanos del periodista. Deseamos contribuir así a la defensa de la de libertad de prensa, piedra angular de las demás libertades.<br>Tesis
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Shimabukuro, Espinoza Gerald Antonio. "Crisis financieras internacionales y sus efectos en la economía peruana : 1990-2000." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3316.
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El presente estudio trata el tema de las CRISIS FINANCIERAS INTERNACIONALES Y SUS EFECTOS EN LA ECONOMIA PERUANA: 1990 –2000, en el mismo podremos hallar explicaciones sobre las causas u orígenes de las Crisis en el mundo acaecidos durante la década pasada; así como también, un análisis del movimiento de los indicadores económicos y financieros del Perú durante estos tiempos, y que se hayan representados en un modelo econométrico de ecuaciones simultáneas según los modelos de Krugman y Keynes.<br>Tesis
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Mougel, Grégory. "Berlin (1990-2000) : processus et formes de division sociale d'un espace intra-métropolitain réunifié." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1458.
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Cette thèse a pour objet l’analyse des modèles de division sociale et ethnique du Grand Berlin dix ans après la réunification. Au début du 21ème siècle, Berlin demeure une figure emblématique de l’ancienne opposition entre le « monde libre » et le bloc soviétique. La ville est un espace urbain particulièrement complexe, qui reste marqué par les phases d’urbanisation socialiste et capitaliste datant de la Guerre Froide. La structuration sociale et ethnique contemporaine de la capitale allemande révèle l’importance encore palpable des inerties liées à la période de bipartition. Cependant, la forme urbaine historiquement héritée est bouleversée par la combinaison de différents facteurs : la redéfinition de la base économique urbaine berlinoise, les transformations du stock résidentiel et l’évolution du marché du logement. Depuis la réunification, la différenciation de l’espace intra-métropolitain berlinois a augmenté. La polarisation sociale et ethnique s’est accrue dans les deux parties orientale et occidentale de Berlin. À Berlin-Ouest, l’opposition est de plus en plus marquée entre les zones résidentielles aisées de l’ouest et du sud-ouest de la ville et les quartiers centraux, qui se distinguent par une concentration accrue des populations défavorisées. À Berlin-Est, on assiste à un renversement du dispositif de division sociale de l’espace caractéristique de la phase d’urbanisation socialiste : alors que les grands ensembles périphériques souffrent de l’émigration massive des ménages actifs avec enfants et des individus parmi les plus qualifiés, l’Innenstadt orientale est l’objet de processus de gentrification associés aux opérations de régénération urbaine
45
Hallencreutz, Daniel. "Populärmusik, kluster och industriell konkurrenskraft : en ekonomisk-geografisk studie av svensk musikindustri /." Uppsala : Dept. of Social and Economic Geography [Kulturgeografiska institutionen], Univ, 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/99-2002-0429140027/.
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Hernandez, Carlos 1968. "Irregular settlements in Mexico, 1990-2000 : case study : ejido lands in Aguascalientes, Mexico." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30132.
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Aguascalientes is a medium-sized city in Mexico. Its location and industrial policies have proven favorable to the continuing arrival of many industries. Immigrants are easily inserted into the labor market, but the access to low-cost housing for the workers is difficult. Nevertheless, the city continues to attract newcomers. The economy in Mexico collapsed in the early 90's, and many housing programs at the local level were cancelled, and housing prices became expensive. Consequently, people opted for less expensive housing solutions. One of the alternatives was to build on the ejido land, (expropriated lands handed over to land-less people in the form of collective holding and tenancy) a sui-generis tenure of land that has existed in Mexico since 1917. The analysis of both the ejido lands as a target of irregular human settlements and the consolidation process of these areas is the subject of this study.
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Hernandez, Carlos. "Irregular settlements in Mexico, 1990-2000, case study : ejido lands in Aguascalientes, Mexico." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0030/MQ64114.pdf.
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Nilsson, Mats. "Cobalamin communication in Sweden 1990-2000 : views, knowledge and practice among Swedish physicians /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Dept. of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-416.
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Poelchau, Daniel. "Altersvorsorge im internationalen Vergleich : eine Analyse der Rentenreformen in reifen Wohlfahrtsstaaten 1990-2000 /." Wien ; Zürich Berlin Münster : Lit, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3020185&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Vidal, Arturo Martin. "The anomic society : Corruption and social norms during the Fujimori era (1990-2000)." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Latinamerika-institutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119584.
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This research has focused on the correlation between corruption and social norms by the used of the anomic theory, which is supported by six variables: the rule of law, the division of labor, the regulator organisms, the collective consciousness, the homogeneous society and amiguismo. The anomie theory refers primarily to the absence of rules that measure the relationship of the various individuals in a group or parts of a whole society; where it is possible to find human appetites with no limits. This theory contributes to the discussions around, and new understandings of, how societies may develop a culture of anti-corruption; by influencing existing social norms and improvements to existing value systems. Analysing the mandate period of the former president of Peru, Alberto Fujimori (July 28, 1990 - November 17, 2000) will provide a working example to explore and understand the relationship between corruption and social norms within the Peruvian society. All the while analysing these case through the framework of the chosen theory.