Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1993-2006

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '1993-2006'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "1993-2006"

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Vihmo, Jouni. "Nordic Alcohol Statistics 1993–2006." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 24, no. 3 (2007): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250702400314.

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Rivers, Megan N., James L. Alexander, Rodney E. Rohde, and J. Rush Pierce. "Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Texas: 1993–2006." Southern Medical Journal 102, no. 1 (2009): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e318187d06f.

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Tefuarani, N., J. Vince, R. Hawker, et al. "Operation Open Heart in PNG, 1993–2006." Heart, Lung and Circulation 16, no. 5 (2007): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2007.05.013.

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Купар, Д. М. "Словацько-російські двосторонні відносини в 1993-2006 роках". Грані, № 11 (91) (2012): 7–11.

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Tanoue, L. T. "Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis—United States, 1993–2006." Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease 2008 (January 2008): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70747-3.

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Banerjee, Ritu, Jennifer Allen, Janice Westenhouse, et al. "Extensively Drug‐Resistant Tuberculosis in California, 1993–2006." Clinical Infectious Diseases 47, no. 4 (2008): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/590009.

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Guy, Rebecca J., Ann M. McDonald, Mark J. Bartlett, et al. "Characteristics of HIV diagnoses in Australia, 1993-2006." Sexual Health 5, no. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07070.

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Objective: To describe recent trends in the diagnosis of HIV infection in Australia. Methods: National HIV surveillance data from 1993 to 2006 were analysed with a focus on geographic differences by HIV exposure route and late presentation (HIV within 3 months of a first AIDS-defining illness or a CD4 count of less than 200 cells μL–1). Results: In 1993–99, the number of HIV diagnoses declined by 32%, and then increased by 39% from 1999 to 2006. From 2000 onwards, rates increased significantly in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. The most frequently reported routes of HIV exposure were male to male sex (71%) and heterosexual contact (18%), and the population rate of diagnoses have increased in both categories. Among the cases reported as heterosexually acquired (n = 2199), 33% were in people born in a high-prevalence country and 19% in those with partners from a high-prevalence country. Late presentation was most frequent in heterosexually acquired infections in persons who had a partner from a high-prevalence country: 32% compared with 20% overall. Conclusions: Recent increases in annual numbers of HIV diagnoses in Australia underline the continuing need for HIV-prevention programs, particularly among men having male to male sex. Early diagnosis and access to care and treatment should also be emphasised, as a substantial proportion of people with HIV infection are unaware of their status until late in the course of disease.
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Orandi, B., S. Blackburn, and P. Henke. "145. Surgical Mentors and Mentees Productivity from 1993-2006." Journal of Surgical Research 151, no. 2 (2009): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.177.

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Jasiulevičienė, Regina. "Peculiarities of human rights process in Lithuania (1993–2006)." Europa Orientalis. Studia z Dziejów Europy Wschodniej i Państw Bałtyckich., no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eo.2010.017.

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Orandi, Babak J., Susan Blackburn, and Peter K. Henke. "Surgical mentors' and mentees' productivity from 1993 to 2006." American Journal of Surgery 201, no. 2 (2011): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.01.026.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1993-2006"

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Vavrek, Martin. "Hospodársky vývoj Slovenska 1993-2006." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4235.

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Táto práca sa zaoberá analýzou hospodárskeho vývoja Slovenska v období rokov 1993 ? 2006. Snahou je charakterizovať a analyzovať jednotlivé etapy vývoja slovenského hospodárstva v závislosti na politickej moci od vzniku samostatného štátu až po jeho súčasnosť. Práve toto vzájomné prepojenie politiky a ekonomiky veľmi výrazne ovplyvnilo ďalší vývoj a smerovanie krajiny a preto cieľom práce nie charakterizovať vývoj čisto len z hľadiska ekonomického, ale skôr z hľadiska politicko-ekonomického. Zachycuje podrobný chronologický vývoj od rozpadu federácie, cez vznik samostatného štátu a 90.roky, až do súčasnosti. Mapuje jednotlivé vlády a ich vývoj v oblasti tvorby hospodárskej politiky, poukazuje na špecifiká a podmienky jednotlivých období. Práca sa nesnaží poskytovať odborné rady v oblasti hospodárskej politiky a analyzovať účinky prípadných alternatívnych opatrení, ale naopak snaží sa objasniť pravidlá a obmedzenia, v ktorých politickí činitelia jednajú.
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Čarnogurská, Ivana. "Vývoj nezamestnanosti na Slovensku v rokoch 1993-2006." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2287.

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Nezamestnanosť slovenskú ekonomiku postihovala už od počiatku 90.tych rokov a v jej priebehu sa zvýšila o 17,3 percentuálneho bodu. Nízka rozmanitosť socialistického hospodárstva a potrebná transformácia po roku 1989 boli hlavné dôvody prudkého nárastu počtu nezamestnaných. Od roku 2001 sa zvýšila podpora aktívnej politiky zamestnanosti aj vďaka ktorej došlo k zníženiu miery nezamestnanosti na súčastných 8,3%.
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Francisco, Adilson José. "Vivências e ressignificações do neopentecostalismo em Rondonópolis - MT (1993-2006)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12989.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doutorado Adilson.pdf: 9141875 bytes, checksum: ba272effd55f09c456f0cf5c263cc818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-11<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In this study I analyze the expansion, diversification and experience of the neopentecostalism process in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, from the trajectory of the believers and former-believers of two neopentecostals denominations - the Universal do Reino de Deus Church , established in the city since 1993, and of Sal da Terra Church , a denomination locally established, in 1995. Searching for setting relations with ampler processes lived in the scope of the contemporary culture, I try to realize by means of the neopentecostals narratives the complex processes of adhesion and religious transits that occur in the city. As integrant and active part of the culture, the religious experiences lived by neopentecostals are shared in the intercrossing of memories, traditions and in the directions and meanings that keep attributing the belief. These experiences interact and strains with cultural mediations that emerge of the narratives, as the previous religious traditions, personal and familiar yearnings and expectations, TV programs that spread the belief and the deriving demands that arise from the speeches and practical rituals. I dialogue with the narratives produced for believers and former- believers, from the procedures used for Oral History. I also use a set of other sources, as literature produced by the church, TV programs, speeches, and comments undertaken in cults, the objects and rituals realized in these cults, with the intention of understanding how the belief keeps on being lived and reworked. For this reason, I also dialogue with concepts as social experience, selective tradition, appropriation and cultural mediation, discussed by authors linked to the Cultural Studies Group, problem making interlocutions as necessary to the interpretative exercise. As religious and social process in formation, the action of the neopentecostals churches does not occur in a neutral and harmonic manner. It interacts and strains with other ways of believing and living faith, having an increasing space in media and politics, as well as disputing places for past and present meanings in the city<br>Neste trabalho analiso o processo de expansão, diversificação e vivência do neopentecostalismo em Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, a partir da trajetória dos fiéis e ex-fiéis de duas denominações neopentecostais a Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, presente na cidade desde 1993, e da Igreja Sal da Terra, denominação fundada localmente, em 1995. Buscando estabelecer relações com processos mais amplos vividos no âmbito da cultura contemporânea, procuro perceber por meio das narrativas de neopentecostais, os complexos processos de adesão e trânsitos religiosos que ocorrem na cidade. Como parte integrante e ativa da cultura, as experiências religiosas vividas por neopentecostais são compartilhadas nos entrecruzamentos das memórias, tradições e nos sentidos e significados que vão atribuindo a crença. Estas experiências interagem e tensionam com mediações culturais que emergem das narrativas, como as tradições religiosas anteriores, os anseios e expectativas pessoais e familiares, os programas televisivos que disseminam a crença e, as demandas oriundas das pregações e práticas rituais. Dialogo com as narrativas produzidas por fiéis e ex-fiéis, a partir dos procedimentos utilizados pela História Oral. Utilizo também um conjunto de outras fontes, como a literatura produzida pela igreja, os programas televisivos, as pregações, as observações empreendidas nos cultos, os objetos e rituais realizados nestes cultos, no intuito de compreender como a crença vai sendo vivida e reelaborada. Para tanto dialogo também com noções como experiência social, tradição seletiva, apropriação e mediação cultural, discutidas por autores ligados ao Grupo dos Estudos Culturais, como interlocuções problematizadoras necessárias ao exercício interpretativo. Como processo religioso e social em formação, a ação das igrejas neopentecostais, não ocorre de forma neutra e harmônica. Interage e tensiona com outros modos de crer e de viver a fé, ocupando crescente espaço na mídia, na política e disputando lugares por significações do passado e do presente na cidade
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Paul, Tomáš. "Hodnotenie efektívnosti zdravotného systému na Slovensku v rokoch 1993 - 2006." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10472.

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Doh, Jong Yoon. "The EU Foreign policy towards the korean peninsula crisis, 1993-2006." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209801.

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The EU’s notable transformation over the past five decades is obviously an event of modern state concepts. However, the EU’s matter of concern has placed too much emphasis on economic and trade issues, while its capability and power have achieved remarkable growth with far-reaching ramifications in both economic and political affairs. This also means that studies of the EU foreign policy have hardly reached North East Asia because of geographical limit between them, the EU’s weak institutional capacity and vestige of the Cold War. Therefore the EU and the Korean Peninsula did not have chance to build a critical relationship. This time could be defined as ‘standstill’ between Europe and the Korean Peninsula or ‘quiet diplomacy’. 1993 marked a turning-point in relations between the EU and the Korean Peninsula. Firstly, European countries have launched the Maastricht Treaty since they had signed in 1992. The Treaty implies the EU’s more strengthened international role in the political and economic area in accordance with its increased capability and reinforced power. Secondly, North Korea announced its intention to withdraw from the NPT on 12 March 1993 and then the Korean Peninsula was compelled to face a political crisis. Since the EU took unofficial Humanitarian Aids for North Korea in 1994-1995, KEDO and the EU in 1997 agreed to the terms and conditions of the accession to KEDO of its nuclear regulatory body. This was the first challenge of the EU political engagement of the Korean Peninsula question. In the context, this research seeks to answer the question of “What are the EU priorities in its strategy for Korean Peninsula?” that includes broadly the EU’s regional strategy for North East Asia in line with its foreign policy agenda. To tell the conclusion, the EU’s intervention to North Korea was firstly encouraged in dimension of economic interests through vitalization of international trade after the Korean Peninsula would be reunified. The EU considered that Asian nuclear market is an important factor in order to build nuclear technical standard as well as to obtain commercial interests although the European nuclear firms did not obtain chance enough to construct for North Korea nuclear facilities construction. The EU’s political incentives for political change-seeking in North East Asia must also be considered. Actually, the EU diplomatically opened the door of Pyongyang and led the isolated regime to a channel that communicates with international community although the EU did not take a seat at Six-Party Talks to engage itself in the Korean Peninsula question. As a result, the EU could increase the image of a ‘peaceful mediator’ or an ‘honest blocker’ in the term of ‘reputation’ through engagement continued for the Korean Peninsula Crisis. The EU’s foreign policy has been partly successful in context that Europe succeeds in promoting its existence as a global actor. Therefore, its foreign policy would gradually be reinforced to bolster the EU’s credibility and influence in the Korean Peninsula. The EU’s role is surely reduced in the Korean Peninsula issues with the termination of the KEDO project. However, the EU’s role is expected to be performed in different ways under its confidence and capability. The EU’s next engagement depends on where its new incentives will be, and then its question will be how to realize them in accordance with its institutional conditions and actual capacity.<br>Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ofori-Mensah, Michael. "The politics of anticorruption in Ghana, 1993-2006 : action, inaction and accountability." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25037.

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This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of Ghana's anticorruption system between 1993 and 2006, the first 14 years after the return to democratic rule in the Fourth Republic. It focuses on how the key anticorruption agencies (ACAs) - the Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, Serious Fraud Office, Public Accounts Committee of Parliament and Auditor-General - have addressed issues of accountability vis-a-vis incumbent governments. The thesis first outlines Ghana's anticorruption history, prior to 1993, in order to determine the failings of past accountability attempts. Next, the mandate, independence and enforcement capabilities of Ghana's ACAs are examined. A case study approach is adopted to analyze how corruption has been tackled in two areas - local government and state enterprises. With the local government case, measures to address fraud in the award of contracts, procurement and revenue collection are assessed. The state enterprise case study, Ghana Airways, is used to explore obstacles to anticorruption. In addition, accountability in the process of privatization, a key element of liberalization reforms, which were also intended as a remedy for mismanagement and fraud in state enterprises, is evaluated. The findings suggest that, despite the elaborate anticorruption system, there is limited incumbent accountability. This is, firstly, due to a lack of political commitment to anticorruption, by government, in spite of protestations to the contrary. The evidence indicates both the National Democratic Congress and New Patriotic Party were reluctant to prosecute or enforce anticorruption recommendations involving ruling elites within their own parties. ACAs have statutory independence, yet incumbents exercise significant control by retaining authority in areas such as criminal prosecution and resource allocation. Secondly, weak internal controls were found to undermine anticorruption efforts through the opportunities made available for exploiting public resources. These limitations, particularly with reference to incumbents, have instead left government elites open to prosecution for corruption only after they have relinquished power. Therefore, it is concluded that, despite their elaborate design, Ghana's ACAs have made only a modest contribution to accountability within the democratic regime.
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Floyd, Rita. "Typologies of securitisation and desecuritisation : the case of U.S. environmental security (1993-2006)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1144/.

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This thesis addresses a perceived limitation of Ole Wrever's securitisation theory resulting from the undertheorised nature of the effects of securitisation and desecuritisation. This thesis challenges this minimalism and proposes a coherent set of systematic tools by which the effects of either can be analysed. The key here is the idea that not all securitisations are the same, but rather that they differ in terms of who is benefited by a given securitisation or, in other words, securitisation for whom. Starting from the idea that it matters who benefits from a given securitisation, this thesis develops with agency-benefiting securitisation and with problem-benefiting securitisation two types of securitisation. In tandem with this, the thesis develops two types of desecuritisation namely, 'desecuritisation as politicisation' and 'desecuritisation as depoliticisation'. For the environmental sector of security this thesis further develops normative conceptualisations of positive and negative securitisation and desecuritisation, whereby positive and negative are derived from what in moral philosophy is known as a consequentialist ethic, whereby the moral rightness (or wrongness) of an action is evaluated in terms of its consequences. This thesis finds that in the environmental security sector positive and negative securitisation/desecuritisation correspond to the categories of problem- and agency- benefiting securitisation, and desecuritisation as politicisation/depoliticisation respectively. The theoretical framework is applied to the case of U.S. environmental security from 1993 - 2006. This application affimls the existence and the merits of types of securitisation and desecuritisation, it further affirms the logic and intrinsic worth of a consequentialist evaluation ofsecurity and it offers valuable insights into the theory and practice of environmental security.
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Hellmann, Sven Frederic [Verfasser]. "Ergebnisse der operativen Therapie der Gallenblasen- und Gallengangskarzinome von 1993 - 2006 / Sven Frederic Hellmann." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019869240/34.

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Thomas, Nathan D. "Trawl and gill net selectivity of yellow perch in southern Lake Michigan, 1993-2006." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366503.

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Selectivity of trawl and experimental gill nets was determined for yellow perch taken from southern Lake Michigan in 1993 to 2006. Gill nets were comprised of 51-, 64-and 76-mm size mesh and showed female modal lengths of 205-, 245-, and 295-mm, respectively, while values for males were 200-, 230-, and 267-mm. Differences between females and males increased with mesh size and was significant. Comparison of nine anterior morphometric features of female and male fish indicated no differences in shape were identified that would cause the disparity in selectivity. Rather, differences in male and female selectivity were more likely due the variant population size structure of the local population sampled, with females the larger sex. A new method to estimate trawl selectivity was developed using a modified catch-curve analysis, which showed a maximum selectivity length value (1.0) of 190-mm for females and 170-mm for males. However, trawls fail to capture larger yellow perch when compared to gill nets using based on length-frequency distributions. Revealing such gear biases may lead to more efficient capture methods, resulting in improved sampling and quantitative assessment of fish populations.<br>Department of Biology
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Hoppe, Theis. "Folkeskolens formål : en diskursanalyse af ændringen i folkeskolens institutionelle funktion fra 1993 til 2006." København : Danmarks Pædagogiske Universitetsskole ved Aarhus Universitet, 2008. http://www.dpb.dpu.dk/dokumentarkiv/Publications/intern_dpb/opgaver%20fra%20dpu/20090617095314/CurrentVersion/Theis%20Hoppe.pdf.

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Books on the topic "1993-2006"

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1942-, Boehm Gottfried, and Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg, eds. Neo Rauch: Neue Rollen : paintings 1993-2006. 2nd ed. DuMont, 2006.

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Hegedűs, Antal. Északbácskai magyar cserkészet: (az újraindulás évei, 1993-2006). Grafoprodukt, 2007.

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T︠s︡ymburskiĭ, Vadim Leonidovich. aOstrov Rossii︠a︡ (geopoliticheskie i khronopoliticheskie raboty 1993-2006). ROSSPEN, 2007.

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Anatolʹevna, Nikulina Elena, ed. Ostrov Rossii͡a: Geopoliticheskie i khronopoliticheskie raboty, 1993-2006. ROSSPĖN (Rossiĭskai͡a politicheskai͡a ėnt͡siklopedii͡a), 2007.

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Patel, R. S. Ema. Ed. laghuśodha nibandha sārāṃśa: Śikshaṇaśāstra bhavana: 1993 thī 2006 = Abstracts of M.Ed. dissertations : Department of Education, 1993 to 2006. Jay Publication, 2008.

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Shapira, Bat-Shevaʻ. Ṿaha-lo ha-ʻor ha-zeh: Shirim, 1993-2006. Oryan, 2005.

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Segal, Hugh. The long road back: The Conservative journey, 1993-2006. HarperCollins, 2006.

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The long road back: The Conservative journey, 1993-2006. HarperCollins, 2006.

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Paul, Goldberger, Vignelli Massimo, and Lautman Robert C, eds. Hugh Newell Jacobsen, architect: Works from 1993 to 2006. Rizzoli International, 2007.

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The values of Romanians: 1993-2006 : a sociological perspective. Institutul European, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "1993-2006"

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Tierney, Dolores. "Transnational Political Horror in Cronos (1993), El espinazo del diablo (2001), and El laberinto del fauno (2006)." In The Transnational Fantasies of Guillermo del Toro. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137407849_10.

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Müller, Birgit Charlotte. "Cross-Country Composite Momentum." In Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35479-4_2.

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ZusammenfassungMedium-term price continuation, commonly defined as momentum, is a widespread phenomenon in financial markets. It exists for individual stocks (Jegadeesh and Titman, 1993), for industry sectors (Moskowitz and Grinblatt, 1999), for style portfolios (Lewellen, 2002), in international equity markets (Rouwenhorst, 1998; Chui et al., 2010), and across asset classes (Bhojraj and Swaminathan, 2006; Menkhoff et al., 2012; Asness et al., 2013). Momentum also appears to be persistent over time, at least outside the U.S. stock market (Jegadeesh and Titman, 2001; McLean and Pontif, 2016; Green et al., 2017; Jacobs and Müller, 2020).
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Saar, Ellu, and Triin Roosalu. "Inverted U-shape of Estonian Higher Education: Post-Socialist Liberalism and Postpostsocialist Consolidation." In Palgrave Studies in Global Higher Education. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52980-6_6.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a description of the basic features of the higher education system in Estonia in the historical perspective, paying special attention to the period during the Soviet time right before the USSR collapse and exploring the developments during the following period up to 2015. It is understood that both the social and political system during the period of socialism, as well as changes in the society during the postsocialist period right after the country became independent, have an impact on the current period. On the other hand, changes in the Estonian higher education system are greatly impacted by external factors, especially processes of Europeanisation and internationalisation of higher education. Tendencies towards standardisation of higher education provision, on the one hand, as well as maintaining differentiation between higher education institutions will be highlighted.The analysis distinguishes four periods of the postsocialist higher education system in Estonia, characterised by different traits. 1988–1992 can be considered a period of chaotic, individually and institutionally driven changes; 1993–1998 saw the major expansion of the higher education system in combination with the development of legal frameworks and quality assurance mechanisms; 1999–2005 indicated the wave of reforms, including following the principles of the Bologna process; from 2006 onwards, new measures are put in place to strengthen the (international) competitiveness and sustainability of the shrinking higher education sector. The main strand of differentiation between the higher education institutions largely follows their formal statuses that stem from the soviet period: the applied higher education institutions on the one hand and the academic universities providing bachelor, master’s and doctoral level education on the other. The further differentiation can be made based on the research intensity of the universities as well as based on their legal status, with some being declared national universities by their dedicated laws.
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"Changing Times, 1993–2006." In Dolphin Square : The History of a Unique Building. Bloomsbury Information Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472920331.ch-006.

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Michie, Ranald C. "Banks and Brokers, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0008.

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There was a banking crisis in the early 1990s centred on non-performing loans to third world countries, the property sector, and leveraged buy-outs. This left many banks holding loans that could not be repaid, creating a natural reluctance to take risks. What followed was a permanent shift away from the lend-and-hold model of banking to the originate-and-distribute one. Rather than raise finance through loans from banks governments and companies issued bonds instead. Rather than accept the interest paid on bank deposits savers bought these bonds. Rather than hold loans until maturity banks repackaged them as transferable securities and sold them on, releasing funds, which could be used for further lending, and so repeat the cycle. Rather than act as intermediaries between savers and borrowers banks moved into the realm of creators and retailers of financial assets. The interdealer brokers aided this process by acting as intermediaries between banks, making markets in all manner of financial assets. Helping drive this shift in the 1990s, away from lend-and-hold to originate-and-distribute, was the attitude of regulators. They believed that the originate-and-distribute model of banking provided greater resilience to a liquidity crisis than the lend-and-hold one, because assets could be sold to release cash which could be used to repay depositors.
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Michie, Ranald C. "Bonds and Currencies, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0009.

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There was a spectrum of funding sources open to any borrower in a modern market economy, ranging from self-finance through bank loans and mortgages to the issue of bills, bonds, and stocks. The same applied to savers with the options being available including bank deposits, negotiable securities, and direct holdings of property. The switch from the lend-and-hold model of banking to the originate-and-distribute one generated a growing variety of financial assets, as existing loans were converted into transferable debts that were then sold to investors and traded in secondary markets. From the 1990s there was an explosion in securitization, which was expected to benefit all. Borrowers would pay a lower rate of interest and access more abundant funding; savers would be able to buy safer but higher yielding investments; while the financial system would be simultaneously more stable, efficient, and competitive. Forgotten in this process was the need for a market for these securitized assets, for otherwise they would lack the liquidity that made them so attractive. Using the parallel of the foreign exchange market the assumption was made that securitized assets could always be bought and sold through direct dealing between banks or the actions of interdealer brokers rather than a formal listing on a stock exchange. This belief was delusional but shared by all.
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Michie, Ranald C. "Commodities and Derivatives, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0010.

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Derivatives blossomed in volume and variety during the 1990s. Derivatives provided a means of insuring against fluctuations in prices, exchange rates, and interest rates, the default of borrowers, the collapse of issuers of securities, and the miscalculation of investors. In a world of uncertainty a derivatives contract could be used to guarantee a particular outcome regardless of the turn of events. Those guarantees underpinned countless decisions as they generated confidence that the risks being taken were predictable and manageable. Through the use of derivatives, buyers and sellers, borrowers and investors, savers and lenders, could experience the flexibility derived from liquid markets, combined with the returns generated by a long term commitment, without the rigidity imposed by government controls, business collusion, and the suppression of competition produced by division and compartmentalization. Derivatives offered a means of coping with the risks and volatility produced by open and competitive markets, where prices, exchange rates, and interest rates experienced wild fluctuations and counterparties defaulted on deals. For that reason derivatives were embraced by all ranging from regulators to speculators.
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Michie, Ranald C. "Equities and Exchanges, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0011.

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By the 1990s the pressures on traditional stock exchanges were so intense that inertia was no longer an option. These pressures included the globalization of investment, deregulation, dismantling of capital controls, cheap and rapid communication, and powerful computing, The effect was to undermine the grip that exchanges had once exerted over national stock markets. No longer were the members of exchanges the filter through which buying and selling passed because of the control they exercised over access to both information and the market. Alternative means of trading stocks were proliferating, undermining and then destroying the exclusive privileges long enjoyed by those belonging to stock exchanges. Leading this attack on the power of stock exchanges were the megabanks. As these banks grew in scale and scope, extending their activities around the globe, they were either able to internalize many transactions or trade between themselves. In the process they cut out the exchanges, bypassing, and the charges and restrictions they imposed. There had long been an ambiguous relationship between banks and exchanges, as they were both rivals and heavy users. The combination of the megabanks, interdealer brokers, and electronic markets was rendering exchanges redundant in the 1990s, forcing them to respond through diversification and mergers.
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Michie, Ranald C. "Regulation and Regulators, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0012.

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By the 1990s the combination of internal deregulation and globalization led to a spectacular growth in the value of financial transactions both inside countries and across borders. There was a commensurate increase in pressure on payment and settlement systems to cope with the huge volume and variety of transactions. All this was of concern to those who regulated financial systems around the world. The speed and extent of the changes taking place, assisted by the advances made in the technology of communication and data handling, forced regulators to search for new ways of coping with the consequences, as the methods of the past were becoming inadequate. Globalization meant that national boundaries could no longer define the parameters within which financial systems operated, as all became integrated into international flows of short-term money and long-term finance. The complexities arose not only from the process of globalization and technological change but also from the disappearance of the barriers that had long separated different components within national financial systems. Rather than serving separate communities banks and financial markets increasingly competed with each other. In the face of these enormous changes regulators turned to the megabanks as a safe and secure way of monitoring and policing global financial markets. There was an implicit belief that the size and sophistication of these megabanks had made them to big to fail or even require the central banks to play a role as lenders of last resort.
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Michie, Ranald C. "Trends, Events, and Centres, 1993–2006." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0007.

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At the beginning of the 1990s banks, exchanges, and regulators were all in a state of flux, facing a very uncertain future. The certainties of the past had been removed as internal and external barriers crumbled, destroying the world within which they had operated since the end of the Second World War. In its place the world was moving towards global 24-hour financial markets and an elite grouping of megabanks. These developments were driven by global economic integration, developments in technology, the retreat of government from policies favouring ownership and control, and the search by regulators for strategies that could cope with the end of compartmentalization. Though these trends continued in the 1990s and into the twenty-first century they faced numerous obstacles and experienced significant twists and turns that were instrumental in shaping the outcome. Even though barriers to international financial flows were reduced or removed the result was not a seamless global market, as major differences in language, cultures, laws, and taxes remained. These all contributed to the segregation of markets. Though many prophesied that the revolution in communications spelt the death of distance or the end of geography, when it came to the location of financial markets that ignored the fact that time was not absolute but relative. The effect was to generate a continued clustering of financial markets
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Conference papers on the topic "1993-2006"

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Seitz, A., K. Oliver, C. Steiner, R. Montes de Oca, and DR Prevots. "Prevalence of Bronchiectasis-Associated Hospitalizations: USA, 1993-2006." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3222.

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Jie Zhang. "The regional specialization of service sector in China- from 1993 to 2006." In 2009 6th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2009.5174868.

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Inoue, Shusaku, Satoyo Hosono, Hidemi Ito, et al. "Abstract 5209: Trends in a survival of cancer of the coupus uteri in Japan 1993-2006 (J-CANSIS)." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5209.

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Scott, L. Max. "A Successful Remediation Project." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16400.

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As part of a program to visit formerly licensed sites to determine if they meet current uncontrolled release conditions, a United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) inspection was conducted in the fall of 1993 at a site that had possessed a radioactive material license from about 1955 to 1970. While the license was in force, the plant processed magnesium scrap containing up to 4 percent thorium. The source of the scrap is believed to be the aircraft manufacturing industry. The scrap was placed in furnaces and heated to the melting point of magnesium, and the molten magnesium was drawn off, leaving the thorium with the residue (dross). Under the regulation in existence at that time, the thorium dross was buried on site in an approximate 14 acre field. In 1993 the inspector found readings up to 900uR/h. Early in 1994 an informal grid survey of most of the 14 acre site was conducted. Based on that survey, it was concluded that the thorium was widespread and extended beyond the property lines. The preliminary findings were reported to the USNRC, and in 1994 the site was designated as a Site Decommissioning Management Plan (SMPD) site. A remediation team was formed which included the following disciplines: remediation health physics, geology, hydrology, engineering, law, public relations, and project management. This remediation team planned, participated in selecting vendors, and provided project over site for all activities from site characterization through the final status survey. In 2006 the site was released for uncontrolled access. A chronology of activities with lessons learned will be presented.
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Hu, Yang, David H. Archer, and Hongxi Yin. "Design and Model Based Performance Analysis of a District Energy Supply System." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90323.

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A district energy supply system for Almono, Pittsburgh has been studied by the Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon University. Almono is a mixed residential/commercial redevelopment proposed for a 178 acre brown field site on the banks of the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh, PA. The district energy supply system would provide electric power, cooling, and heating for the occupants and the buildings of the site and for possible additional energy based developments. The various energy requirements of Almono’s proposed residential and commercial buildings for power, cooling, heating, and hot water have been estimated first based on Energy Information Administration data (1993), and then again on the advanced building code of the International Energy Conservation Code 2006 (IECC 2006). A comparison of these estimates highlights the importance of building envelopes on the energy requirements of the Almono development. The daily and seasonal load profiles for power, cooling, and heating that challenge efficient and economic operation of district energy supply have been developed. Various prime mover technologies for combined cooling/heating/power, CCHP, systems have been considered: gas turbine, internal combustion engine, and steam turbine. These technologies affect the choice of fuel, and the fractions of power and heat provided. The paper estimates loads of the Almono site based on the operation and performance of both conventional and advanced residential and commercial office buildings, suggests additional energy loads that would provide for improved technical and economic performance of system, and considers the selection of a fuel and the use of solar energy as the energy sources. It presents preliminary overall flow diagrams for various district energy supplies that include various possible fuel and solar energy inputs, and use of the river as a heat source/sink. It also comments on operation of the district energy supply to meet the hourly and seasonal energy loads of the Almono site.
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Cassidy, Helen. "Oil Immobilization Program at Sellafield: An Innovative Approach." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7065.

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Non-standard wastes — those defined as being both hazardous waste under the United Kingdom Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 [1] and radioactive under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 [2] — pose particular, unique challenges for radioactive waste management organizations [3]. Treatment and disposal routes for such wastes are limited, in some cases non existent, and generally not cost effective. A non-standard waste of particular concern in the United Kingdom, and indeed on the Sellafield site, is that of radiologically contaminated waste oil. The optioning process for treatment of bulk contaminated waste oil on the Sellafield site has assessed a range of options including incineration, chemical decontamination, physical decontamination and immobilization. Immobilization has proved to be a potentially useful option for oil wastestreams that fail to meet waste acceptance criteria for incineration facilities. Experimental development work has been undertaken at Sellafield during 2006 to test the suitability of an innovative technology for the solidification of waste oil with a cross section of wastestreams from the site. These trials have demonstrated that this polymer system is able to successfully immobilize a range of aged, chemically and physically diverse contaminated oil wastestreams and thus provide a potential solution to the disposal problem posed by this wastestream.
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Higuchi, Makoto. "Comparison of Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods in LWR Water." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61087.

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Many studies on the environmental fatigue of structural materials in LWR (Light Water Reactor) water have been carried out over the past 30 years. Early environmental fatigue tests were mainly carried out in Japan in the 1980s, and these results were reported to the ASME in 1988. After that, O. Chopra and W. Shack of ANL (Argonne National Laboratory) also carried out similar fatigue tests and reported that their data corresponded well to Japanese data. In the US, the PVRC (Pressure Vessel Research Council) started the CLEE Committee (Cyclic Life and Environmental Effect, Chair: Sumio Yukawa) for developing the environmental fatigue evaluation method in LWR water under the request from the ASME in 1991. This committee continued for 13 years and closed in 2004 after publishing the final report as WRC (Welding Research Council) Bulletin 487. After 1990 in Japan, the EFD Project (1993–1995) and the EFT Project (1994–2006) were carried out under the collaboration of electric utilities, plant vendors and government. A large number of environmental fatigue data have been generated in these projects, and these were offered to the US through the CLEE Committee. Based on Japanese and US fatigue data, environmental fatigue evaluation methods have been established in both countries that assess the effects of some parameters on fatigue life reduction in LWR water environments. This paper introduces the history of studies on the environmental fatigue in LWR water and the contributions of Sumio Yukawa to these activities. After that, the comparison of three major methods of environmental fatigue evaluation such as PVRC, JSME and MJREG/CR-6909 are reported.
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Mehta, D. Paul. "Impacts of Industrial Assessment Centers on Energy Engineering Education." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12412.

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The need for energy efficiency captured the attention of all sectors of our society in the 1970s when energy supplies dwindled and prices increased. Interest in energy efficiency continued during the 1980s primarily due to environmental concerns and secondarily because of economic and industrial competitiveness issues. Energy supply disruptions caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and recent hikes in energy prices have generated a renewed interest in energy efficiency. An example of this renewed interest is that the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) initiated, developed, and implemented a national campaign to save energy now in 2006. In the past, the industrial sector has responded to energy shortages and its price increases with varying effectiveness, but small and medium-sized plants generally lacked the resources to cope effectively. One of the U. S. government’s responses to this situation was to offer these small and medium-sized plants technical assistance such as Industrial Assessment Center (IAC) program. One such center was established at Bradley University in 1993. Since its inception, the Bradley University Industrial Assessment Center (BU IAC) has functioned very successfully. Periodically BU IAC has been doing an in-house critical review of its performance and effectiveness. These reviews included outcomes such as total assessment recommendations, (ARs); diversity of ARs; quantifications of identified opportunities to save energy, minimize waste, and enhance productivity; implementation rates analysis; and impacts on energy engineering education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the impacts of the Industrial Assessment Center program on energy engineering education. The impacts on employment, salaries, and job performance of BU IAC graduates are discussed in this paper. The impacts of the BU IAC in improving the quality of in-class instruction by its Director(s) are explained in this paper.
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Mochizuki, Masataka, Yuji Saito, Fumitoshi Kiyooka, Thang Nguyen, Tien Nguyen, and Vijit Wuttijumnong. "Advanced Micro-Channel Vapor Chamber for Cooling High Power Processors." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33611.

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After the introduction of Pentium™ processor in 1993, the trend of the processor performance and power consumption have been increased significantly each year. Heat dissipation has been increased but in contrast the size of die on the processor has been reduced or remained the same size due to nano-size circuit technology and thus the heat flux is critically high. The heat flux was about 10–15 W/cm2 in the year 2000 and had reached 100 W/cm2 in 2006. The processor’s die surface where the heat is generated is usually small, approximately 1 cm2. For effective cooling should required least temperature gradient between the heat source and radiating components. The best known devices for effective heat transfer or heat spreading with lowest thermal resistance is heat pipe and vapor chamber. Basically, heat pipe and vapor chamber are an evacuated and sealed container which contains a small quantity of working fluid which is water. When one side of the container is heated, causing the liquid to vaporize and the vapor to move to the cold side and condensed. Since the latent heat of evaporation is large, considerable quantities of heat can be transported with a very small temperature difference from end to end. The 2-phase heat transfer device has excellent heat spreading and heat transfer characteristics, is the key element in thermal management challenge of ever power-increasing processors. In this paper, authors presented case designs using vapor chamber for cooling computer processors. Proposed ideas of using micro-channel vapor chamber for heat spreading to replace the traditional metal plate heat spreader. Also included in the paper are ideas and data that showed performance improvement of heat spreading devices.
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Montalvo Gallego, Blanca. "El arte invisible. En los límites de la percepción." In IV Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales. ANIAV 2019. Imagen [N] Visible. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2019.8940.

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En esta ponencia propongo analizar un tipo de obra que se crea a partir del juego con los límites de la percepción. Piezas que podemos ubicar en el espectro entre lo visible y lo invisible. Así, el estudio lo he dividido en los tres campos más habituales en los que trabajan estas prácticas artísticas: Desde los juegos con la luz que nos hacen visibles o invisibles parte o la totalidad de la obra, como en Proyectante de sombra (1993) de Laboratorio de Luz, o Glimpse (2007) de Jim Campbell; a aquellas fundamentadas en el tiempo de visión que fuerzan las capacidades de humanos o máquinas, como las series de fotografias de Hiroshi Sugimoto, Theatres (desde 1978), o el movimiento que genera la forma en Waves (desde 2006) la escultura de Daniel Palacios. Y para finalizar, otro tipo de obras que con humor, cinismo o beneficio publicitario, juegan con la invisibilidad cono una opción: así, de la propuesta conceptual de Tom Friedman, 1000 Hours of Staring (1992-1997) a la poesía del Metro cúbico infinito (1966) de Michelangelo Pistoletto, el cínico humor de la habitación vacía de la galería de Paris que Ives Klein quería vender, al stand vacío, y fotografiado, de la última edición de ARCO, tras la retirada de la obra de Santiago, Sierra, una ceguera que elevó el precio a 80.000 € al tiempo que se convertía en la obra más comentada, aunque no vista, casi como el traje nuevo del emperador. En suma, una ponencia en la que exploro los límites de lo visible en el arte contemporáneo de uno a otro espectro de la percepción, al tiempo que analizo una propuesta personal que se centra en la visión periférica.
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Reports on the topic "1993-2006"

1

Traczyl, IV, and Thomas V. The Secret of Future Defeat: The Evolution of US Joint and Army Doctrine 1993-2006 and the Flawed Conception of Stability Operations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470824.

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