Dissertations / Theses: '1995-2013'

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Lima, Fernanda Maria Nogueira. "Microcrédito e bancarização no Brasil de 1995 a 2013." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20986.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-09T13:02:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Maria Nogueira Lima.pdf: 788057 bytes, checksum: 838df4778a4b2acc04363ac858268d61 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T13:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Maria Nogueira Lima.pdf: 788057 bytes, checksum: 838df4778a4b2acc04363ac858268d61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 The purpose of this study was to analyze the granting of microcredit in Brazil in the period 1995-2013 comparing the Brazilian experience with the experience of Bangladesh. In the last decades it has been observed a substantial advance in the financial market with the development of several tools that contribute to the increment of the current economic scenario. This evolution, over time, has promoted a national economic development, besides contributing to the reduction of unemployment and informality in companies. However, there is still a large gap between the low-income population and the tools available, as it is possible to observe that the high cost of credit operations for the population, mainly due to the lack of real guarantees, costs of these operations, resulting in an obstacle to obtaining credit in Brazil and consequently the financial inclusion of this population. Banking is one of the possible mechanisms to insert the low income population in the banking system and to promote a regulatory form that allows these people to obtain access to a subsidized credit, enabling entrepreneurship, the release of resources for investment and working capital, resulting in in obtaining credit with sustainability and contributing to the financial inclusion and citizenship of the most disadvantaged classes. In the course of this endeavor, the most successful experience, both in practical terms and in theoretical terms, is the case of Bangladesh, which served as a scope to verify why it persisted for several periods and economic policies and even with several governments in different periods, such as the 1995-2013 period, it was noted that the intentions were frustrated and did not make significant progress. Based on the Microcredit Revolution, the successful case of Bangladesh and the Brazilian experience were compared, since they are countries with similar initiatives of financial inclusion, public services of insufficient quality and with still anachronistic problems in socioeconomic indicators. It is concluded that despite being in the process of improvement, it has not yet promoted the social inclusion expected due to the high costs. Therefore, the results are heterogeneous, where some segments show improvement, and others, such as those of extreme poverty, microcredit further aggravates the situation, promoting inability to pay and consequent indebtedness O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a concessão de microcrédito no Brasil no período 1995-2013 comparando a experiência brasileira com a experiência de Bangladesh. Nas últimas décadas constatou-se um avanço substancial no mercado financeiro com o desenvolvimento de várias ferramentas que contribuem para o incremento do cenário econômico atual. Tal evolução, ao longo do tempo, promoveu um desenvolvimento econômico nacional, além de contribuir para a redução do desemprego e da informalidade nas empresas. Contudo, tem-se ainda uma grande lacuna entre a população de baixa renda e as ferramentas disponíveis, uma vez que é possível observar que o alto custo das operações de crédito para a população, principalmente devido à falta de garantias reais, eleva ainda mais os custos das referidas operações, resultando em um entrave de obtenção do crédito no Brasil e consequentemente a inclusão financeira desta população. A bancarização é um dos mecanismos possíveis para inserir a população de baixa renda no sistema bancário e promover uma forma regulamentar que permita que estas pessoas obtenham acesso a um crédito subsidiado, possibilitando o empreendedorismo, a liberação de recursos para investimento e capital de giro, resultando na obtenção de crédito com sustentabilidade e contribuindo para a inclusão financeira e cidadania das classes mais desfavorecidas. No decorrer desta empreitada, a experiência mais bem-sucedida, tanto em termos práticos quanto em termos teóricos, é o caso de Bangladesh, que serviu de escopo para verificar o porquê de mesmo persistindo por vários períodos e políticas econômicas e mesmo com vários governos em períodos distintos, como o caso do período 1995-2013, percebeu-se que as intenções foram frustradas e não obtiveram progressos significativos. Com base na Revolução do Microcrédito fez-se a comparação do caso bem-sucedido de Bangladesh e a experiência brasileira, por se tratar de países com iniciativas semelhantes de inclusão financeira, serviços públicos de qualidade insuficientes e com problemas ainda anacrônicos nos indicadores socioeconômicos. Conclui-se que apesar de estar em processo de melhoria, ainda não promoveu a inclusão social esperada devido aos altos custos. Logo, os resultados são heterogêneos, onde alguns segmentos apresentam melhorias, e outros, como aqueles de extrema pobreza, o microcrédito agrava ainda mais a situação, promovendo a incapacidade de pagamento e consequente endividamento

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Raposo, Tácio José Natal. "A (re)produção do espaço urbano no município de Pacaraima - 1995-2013." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2015. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=309.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The Production of the Space from Pacaraima city in Amazonian context in their different approaches can be analyzed based on its geo-history as a product of socio-spatial relations of its producers space agents. It is considered that this production keeps an indigenous ancestry, passing through the miners action, military, village administrators, mayors, public policy and big federal government intervention thus showing the forces of horizontality and verticality of production spatial. Thus, the present analyzes the production of space of the Pacaraima city considering the location and the processes in the production of space specifically looking at the period from 1973 to 2013. The clipping shows the beginning of the assemblage process of people in the area where the city is located with the formation of the Village of Division. This period lasts for ten years and is marked by a strong military presence in the region until the creation of BV8 Village or Pacaraima Village in 1983. During the establishment period of the Village made a study of its managers performance as spatial agents, until the establishment of the city in 1995 and its first legislature in 1997. The analysis of spatial production process of Pacaraima as a city is make by the analysis of sets of actions and measures adopted by each mayor as a municipal executive protagonist. Analyzes even the forces of vertical public policies and the forces fields, power spaces understood as horizontal forces while spatial producers agents. Was used qualitative and quantitative method that echoes in a analytical multiplicity perspectives on the same phenomenon of spatial production. The techniques of documentary bibliographical research, interviews were enriched with integrative review technique and production of maps. This work cooperate with seizure of complex events and processes that made possible the genesis and the spatial re-production of Pacaraima city. A Produção do Espaço da cidade de Pacaraima no contexto amazônico, em suas diferentes abordagens, pode ser analisada com base na sua geo-história como produto das relações socioespaciais de seus agentes produtores do espaço. Considera-se que essa produção guarda uma ancestralidade indígena, perpassando pela ação de garimpeiros, militares, administradores da vila, prefeitos, políticas públicas e grande intervenção do governo federal, evidenciando assim as forças de horizontalidade e verticalidade de produção espacial. Assim, o presente analisa a produção do espaço da cidade de Pacaraima, considerando o local e os processos na produção do espaço, analisando especificamente o período de 1973 a 2013. O recorte evidencia o início do processo de aglutinação de pessoas na área onde se localiza a cidade, com a formação do Povoado do Diviso. Esse período perdura por dez anos e é marcado pela forte presença militar na região até a criação da Vila de BV8 ou Vila de Pacaraima em 1983. Durante o período de estabelecimento da Vila, fez-se um estudo da atuação de seus administradores como agentes espaciais, até o estabelecimento da cidade em 1995 e, sua primeira legislatura em 1997. A análise do processo de produção espacial de Pacaraima, como cidade, é feita mediante um exame dos conjuntos de ações e medidas adotadas por cada prefeito, que era protagonista do executivo municipal. Analisam-se ainda as forças das políticas públicas verticais e as forças dos campos de espaços de poder entendidos como forças horizontais que são agentes de produção espacial. Utilizou-se método quali-quantitativo, que repercute em uma multiplicidade analítica de olhares sobre um mesmo fenômeno da produção espacial. As técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas foram enriquecidas com o método de revisão integrativa e de produção de mapas. A presente colabora com apreensão dos complexos eventos e processos que possibilitaram a gênese e a re-produção espacial da cidade de Pacaraima.

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Francis, Joshua C. "Diversity and Social Justice in Teacher Education Accreditation Standards: 1995 to 2013." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1446284320.

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Klimeš, Jakub. "Dopady fiskální a monetární politiky na ekonomiku Islandu mezi lety 1995 - 2013." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193643.

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This thesis tries to describe origin of Icelandic crisis from 2008 and tries to explain whether it was caused by liberalisation of Icelandic market or by excessive monetary and fiscal interventions. Analysis of behaviour of free market subjects and analysis of policy of central bank and government couldn't clearly accept or reject the hypotheses that the crisis was caused by liberalisation. On the other hand the thesis sees chosen policy of government and central bank as a main contributor to the break out of the crisis. This assumption is in accordance with theoretical and practical study of most important monetary and fiscal interventions implemented in Iceland

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Tegnér, Jenny. "Lokal tidning och lokal demokrati : En undersökning om kommunjournalistiken i Lindesberg 1995-2013." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19463.

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Den här uppsatsen handlar om lokaljournalistik i Lindesberg, en ort i norra delen av Örebro län. Uppsatsen är inriktad på bevakningen av den kommunala myndigheten för att på så sätt kunna diskutera de lokala mediernas betydelse för demokratin i Lindesberg. Till grund för uppsatsen ligger en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 227 kommunrelaterade artiklar publicerade vecka 6 och vecka 7 i Bergslagsposten åren 1995 och 2001 samt vecka 6 och vecka 7 i Nerikes Allehanda åren 2007 och 2013. Det teoretiska avsnittet tar avstamp i fyra olika medieideologier, och landar genom dessa i journalistikens demokratiska uppgifter. De demokratiska uppgifterna är födda ur ett synsätt att medierna har en avgörande betydelse för att demokratin ska fungera. Med utgångspunkt i det teoretiska avsnittet, och med hänvisning till tidigare forskning, handlar diskussionen om att antalet kommunrelaterade artiklar har blivit färre vilket gör det svårare att uppfylla de demokratiska uppgifterna. I diskussionen konstateras även att det finns en gråzon i att granska makthavare; det är ofta tjänstemännen som får representera kommunen eftersom de har ett stort inflytande, men det är politikerna som är de som egentligen är folkvalda och kan röstas bort. Slutligen förs en diskussion om hur den studerade bevakningen förhåller sig till olika idealtyper av demokrati.

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Guerra, Daniel Lins Batista. "Os ciclos político-econômicos e os gastos dos Estados no Brasil: 1995-2013." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8644.

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Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-12T19:23:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1217949 bytes, checksum: 50d8c19cb9000d43bfb8578579579cbb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-12T19:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1217949 bytes, checksum: 50d8c19cb9000d43bfb8578579579cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 The contamination of the economies' public management by both political and partisan interests and the manifestation of economic cycles induced by electoral calendar has been the target of several studies both national and international. The aim of this work is to verify if there are empirical evidences of political-business cycles for the state governments of Brazil, being analyzed the fiscal policy and electoral results in the period from 1995 to 2013. Pursuit up to investigate if state government manipulates public spending as a way of showing competence to voters for with this to expand the electoral winning chances of the current ruler or political party. Secondarily will be verified if public spending is affected by ideological-partisan reasons. Was used as theoretical mark the proposed postulates by the Theory of Political Economic Cycles proposed fundamentally by Nordhaus (1975), Rogoff (1990), Hibbs (1977) and Alesina (1987). The fundamental basis of the theoretical foundation used is the linking of economic policies and its results in electoral interests and political power projects. Econometric estimates were realized using panel data, in an attempt of verify if there was manipulation of fiscal instruments in electoral periods as prescribed by opportunistic theoretical models. The results showed the presence of PBC in public spending at state level in Brazil, following, in general terms, assumptions outlined by opportunistic model. The public spending is increased at election years in compared to the others years of the mandate, confirming the adopted hypothesis. The presence of electoral calendar influence in the evolution of public spending was observed in a stronger way in some specific expenditure functions, which are, capital expenditures, investments, works and urbanism. Was observed that there is no important difference that distinguishes ideological parties in fiscal policy in Brazilian’s states. The conclusion is that the realization of public spending of the states in Brazil is affected by electoral calendar, oscillating cyclically according foreseen in the theory of Political Business Cycles. Such behavior occurs indistinctly between governments, independently of the ideological-partisan group or its rulers. A contaminação da gestão das economias por interesses políticos e partidários e a manifestação de ciclos econômicos induzidos pelo calendário eleitoral vem sendo alvo de variados estudos nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se existem evidências empíricas de Ciclos Político-Econômicos para os governos estaduais do Brasil, analisando-se as políticas fiscais e os resultados eleitorais no período de 1995 a 2013. Busca-se averiguar se os governos estaduais manipulam os gastos públicos como medida de sinalizar competência diante dos eleitores para com isso ampliar as chances de vitória eleitoral do governante/partido no poder. Secundariamente será verificado se os gastos são afetados por razões ideológico-partidárias. Foi utilizado como referencial teórico os postulados propostos na Teoria de Ciclos Políticos Econômicos assentados fundamentalmente por Nordhaus (1975), Rogoff (1990), Hibbs (1977) e Alesina (1987). A base fundamental do referencial teórico utilizado é a vinculação das políticas econômicas e seus conseqüentes resultados a interesses eleitorais e de projetos de poder político. Foram realizadas estimações econométricas utilizando-se Dados em Painel, na tentativa de verificar se houve manipulações dos instrumentos fiscais em períodos eleitorais, conforme prescrito pelos Modelos Teóricos Oportunistas. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de CPE nos gastos públicos a nível estadual no Brasil, seguindo, em termos gerais, os pressupostos delineados pelo modelo oportunista. Os gastos públicos são ampliados nos anos eleitorais em comparação com os demais anos dos mandatos, confirmando-se a hipótese adotada. A presença da influência do calendário eleitoral na evolução dos gastos públicos foi observada de forma mais contundente em algumas funções despesas específicas, quais sejam, despesas de capital, investimentos, obras e urbanismo. Observou-se que não há uma diferença importante que distinga grupos ideológicos na política fiscal dos Estados no Brasil. A conclusão é de que a realização dos gastos públicos estaduais no Brasil é afetada pelo calendário eleitoral, oscilando de maneira cíclica conforme previsto na teoria dos Ciclos Políticos Econômicos. Tal comportamento ocorre de forma indistinta entre os governos, independentemente do grupo ideológico-partidário em que estejam inseridos os seus governantes.

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Bangoura, Haïda. "Le droit minier en Guinée au regard des meilleures pratiques internationales (1995-2013)." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D017.

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Dans un contexte de libéralisation globale de l'économie, la majorité des pays en développement ont, à partir des années 1980-1990, réformé leur législation minière dans le but d'attirer les capitaux étrangers. La Guinée, avec des ressources minérales potentielles estimées à plus de 45 milliards de tonnes, est considérée comme l'un des pays disposant du sous-sol le plus riche en Afrique. Conscient d'un tel potentiel pour le développement du pays, le législateur guinéen adopte, en 1995, un nouveau code minier pour rendre le territoire attractif pour les investisseurs privés étrangers. Cependant, avec l'avènement du concept de développement durable, comme l'un des nouveaux défis mondiaux, de nombreuses réglementations minières ont progressivement été modifiées pour s'adapter à ce dernier. La Guinée, une fois de plus, n'a pas échappé à cette tendance, en adoptant un nouveau code minier en 2011. Ce dernier est la conséquence d'une mobilisation sociale sans précédent dans le pays, ayant débutée dans la moitié des années 2000 et visant à dénoncer l'absence de retombées économiques et financières, issues du secteur minier, pour l'État et la population. Néanmoins, peu de temps après sa promulgation, cette nouvelle législation minière a suscité de vives critiques de la part des compagnies minières. Le gouvernement, prenant en compte ces recommandations, s'est donc engagé dans un processus d'amendement de certaines dispositions du code de 2011, qui s'est achevé par l'adoption d'une nouvelle loi minière en avril 2013. Par conséquent, ce travail a pour objectif d'analyser de quelle manière la réglementation minière en Guinée (2011 et 2013) prend en compte les meilleures pratiques internationales actuelles en matière d'attractivité et de développement durable. Pour ce faire, des comparaisons sont réalisées, à la fois avec le code minier de 1995, pour donner une dimension évolutive à cette étude, ainsi qu'avec les législations minières d'autres États dans le monde In the context of a general liberalisation of the economy, the majority of developing countries have since the years 1980-1990 reformed their mining legislation in order to attract foreign capital. Guinea, with its potential mineral resources estimated at more than 45 billion tons, is considered to be one of the African countries with the richest subsoil. Conscious of such potential for the development of the country, the legislature in Guinea adopted, in 1995, a new Mining Code in order to make the Guinean territory more attractive to foreign private investors. However, with the arrival of the concept of sustainable development as one of the new global challenges, numerous mining regulations have been progressively modified in order to adapt. Guinea, once again, did not escape this trend and adopted a new Mining Code in 2011. This code is the consequence of a social mobilization without precedent in the country, which started in the first half of the 2000s. Its goal was to denounce the absence of economic and financial repercussions born from the mining sector on the Government and the population. Nevertheless, not long after its promulgation, this new legislation was the subject of harsh criticism from mining companies. The government, taking into account its recommendations, undertook the process of amending certain dispositions of the Mining Code of 2011, which resulted in the passage of a new Mining Law in April of 2013. Consequently, this work will analyze how mining regulation in Guinea (of 2011 and 2013) takes into account current international best practice in terms of attractiveness and sustainable development. In order to do so, comparisons will be made with the Mining Code of 1995 in order to give an evolutionary dimension to this study, as well as with Mining Regulations from other countries in the world

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SANCHEZ, HERNANDEZ ANEL GUADALUPE. "EL IMPACTO DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN EN LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR EN MÉXICO. 1995-2013." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68117.

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La educación superior se ha visto incrementada gradualmente en los últimos veinte años, denotando que la apertura comercial además de traer beneficios como los mencionados en la presente investigación también exige obligaciones, tal como que al abrir el mercado de servicios y bienes se tienen que poseer conocimientos para tomar los puestos que se ofertan en el mundo laboral. Debido a que se necesita una mayor cobertura para este nivel educativo, también se ve reflejado un incremento en el número de instituciones de educación superior, lo que muestra que se está llevando a cabo una transformación del sistema educativo comenzando con un mayor número de instituciones de educación superior y con ello una mayor absorción de los jóvenes aspirantes a una licenciatura. Es por ello que este trabajo tiene los siguientes objetivos: OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL Analizar los efectos que ha traído consigo la globalización en la educación superior en los ámbitos de mejoramiento en la calidad en la formación, la ampliación de los programas educativos y la creación de nuevas instituciones de educación superior. OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS  Analizar las exigencias académicas y laborales que se han derivado a partir de la internacionalización de la educación superior.  Dar a conocer las políticas que los organismos internacionales han considerado pertinentes para la educación superior en México y así examinar los puntos de mejora. 7  Analizar el comportamiento que han tenido las instituciones de educación superior (IES) en México a partir de la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN).  Exponer los retos y oportunidades a los que se enfrenta la globalización en la educación superior en México. SUPUESTO HIPOTÉTICO: La globalización ha permitido el incremento de la movilidad de los servicios educativos, lo cual influye positivamente para el desarrollo de la educación superior ya que al hacer posible el intercambio de ideas y/o experiencias enriquece el conocimiento institucional e individual por parte de los alumnos.

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Linderoth, Sam. "Fest och fasa : om mediebilden av ramadan i Dagens Nyheter och Expressen 1995-2013." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22145.

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Uppsatsen undersöker i vilka sammanhang som tidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Expressen skriver om den muslimska fastehögtiden ramadan. Studien genomförs med kvantitativ metod, med utgångspunkt i nyhetsvärderingsteori. Åren som undersöks är 1995-2013, med nedslag vartannat år (1995, 1997, 1999 och så vidare). Urvalsmetoden som används är totalurval, där alla artiklar med relevans för studiens ämne har tagits med. Undersökningen innefattar såväl nyhetstext och notiser som opinionsmaterial. Totalt 193 artiklar har analyserats: 96 stycken från Dagens Nyheter och 97 stycken från Expressen. Studien visar att högtiden ofta skrivs om i sammanhang som är konfliktrelaterade, något som följer ett mönster som tidigare forskning om mediebilden av islam och muslimer pekat på. Men ramadan har också ett eget nyhetsvärde som religiös högtid, och det finns en betydande del artiklar som har en mer positiv vinkel. Resultatet av studien visar att ramadan börjar ta plats som huvudämne i inrikesartiklar från år 2003 och framåt, i båda tidningarna. I dessa fall fokuserar artiklarna på ramadan som religiös och kulturell högtid. Denna tendens håller i sig i Dagens Nyheter fram till år 2011. Expressen slutar i stort sett att skriva artiklar med ramadan som huvudämne efter år 2005.

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White, Laura Johanna. "Executive leadership in international organisation : a case study of WTO Directors-General (1995-2013)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/executive-leadership-in-international-organisationa-case-study-of-wto-directorsgeneral-19952013(d7b0d74b-580c-4b01-80c4-37fcae82e2a0).html.

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The thesis explores the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Executive leadership is often praised or blamed for outcomes in international agencies, and yet, the disciplinary literature fails to incorporate the executive head into institutional analyses of politics, power, and change over time. The thesis aims to address this lacuna and the role of executive leadership by analysing if and how it matters in international politics. The thesis draws on a composite literature from other areas of political research to establish what is known. A review of the literature and prevailing approaches to leadership studies reveals that an overwhelming majority of scholarship relies on exclusively structural or agential accounts of leadership. This somewhat determinist literature has distorted the limited knowledge on the nature of executive leadership in international organisation. Approaches that focus on agency-based explanations argue that executive heads matter greatly. Approaches that utilise structure to interpret executive leadership find that it matters little, if at all. Rejecting these narrow frameworks, the thesis uses a dialectical approach, supported by critical realism, to analyse four cases of executive leadership in the World Trade Organization to address the research questions and lacuna. The case studies draw on over 70 years of multilateral trade governance to reveal a set of core and subsidiary findings about politics, power, executive leadership, and change over time. The thesis argues that executive leadership matters, but that how it matters is contingent on the executive head and the circumstances of their term. By incorporating the executive head into the disciplinary literature, the thesis argues politics, power, and change over time can be more accurately understood.

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Ericsson, Karin, and Lisa Östergren. "En nypa socker : En kvantitativ analys av hur socker framställs i Aftonbladet 1995 och 2013." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40863.

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The subject for our bachelor thesis is how sugar is portrayed in Aftonbladet. By analyzing newspapers from 1995 and 2013 we wanted to research if the portrayal of sugar has changed during the years. We have noticed that there is a trend of being healthy and fit today. “Strong is the new skinny” is a quote we can see in social media and on blogs today. In the humans pursuit of becoming healthy and strong the sugar has become the villain in todays society. In 2014, many cookbooks with sugarfree recipies have been published and the media can’t seem to stop writing about new diets and how to loose weight. To analyze the difference in how sugar is portrayed in Aftonbladet between 1995 and 2013 we made a quantitative content analysis. A conclusion of our analysis shows that there are more texts about sugar in 2013 than in 1995 and that the recipies are the dominant kind of texts in the latter. Most texts in 1995 was recipes and texts about the risk of sugar came second. In 2013 the recipes had decreased but there had been an increase in dietary recommendations. The authors behind the texts are mostly the writers or celebrities, but when it comes to the texts about the risks of sugar it’s usually a researcher who is the author. 2013 there was only written about one celebrity who lost weight, while in 1995 it was the individuals behind the texts. There is a mixed message about sugar, it is written about both as an ingredient in a recipe at the same time as critical voices warning the reader about the same type of foods are heard.

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Zanoli, Vinícius Pedro Correia 1990. "Fronteiras da política : relações e disputas no campo do movimento LGBT em Campinas (1995-2013)." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279734.

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Orientador: Regina Facchini Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:03:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanoli_ViniciusPedroCorreia_M.pdf: 2744781 bytes, checksum: a98bc4092c22e8b116cfbd0f1883f519 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 Resumo: Esta dissertação procura colaborar com o debate em torno dos movimentos sociais no Brasil contemporâneo a partir da análise do movimento LGBT (de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais). Para tal, centra-se nas relações dos grupos ativistas LGBT de Campinas com os demais atores sociais presentes em seu "campo" de ativismo, contextualizando-as em relação a processos políticos no âmbito nacional e internacional. O olhar para as relações desse movimento demanda atenção aos "múltiplos pertencimentos", aos "trânsitos" entre Estado e ativismo e às relações com partidos políticos e outros atores, como sindicatos e outros movimentos. A análise dos "trânsitos" e dos "múltiplos pertencimentos" indica disputas em torno dos significados que assumem categorias como movimen-to social, Estado e política. Essas disputas (re)produzem tanto as fronteiras entre o que se compreende como Estado e movimento social, quanto os significados em torno do que é política. A análise das relações com outros atores presentes na rede ativista chama atenção para as alianças e tensões entre os grupos, bem como para processos de fissão relacionados à especificação do sujeito político do movimento. A metodologia utilizada é etnográfica, articulando observação participante, análise documental e entrevistas em profundidade. Foram observadas, entre janeiro de 2013 e junho de 2014, atividades que congregaram diversos atores do "campo" do movimento, reuniões de organização e atividades do Mês da Diversidade Sexual e o cotidiano do Centro de Referência LGBT de Campinas Abstract: This work aims to collaborate with the debate around social movements in contemporary Brazil through the analysis of the Brazilian LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) movement. For this, it is centered in the relations of the activist groups of Campinas with the social actors within their activist "field", contextualizing them in relation to political processes in both national and international scope. The study of the relations of this social movement demands attention to the "multiple belongings", the "transits" between state and activism and the relations with political parties and diverse actors like workers unions and other social movements. The analysis of the "transits" and the "multiple belongings" denotes disputes around the meanings assumed by categories like social movement, state and politics. These disputes (re)produce the borders of what is comprehended as state and social movement, as well as the meanings around of what is politics. The analysis of the relations with other actors present in the activist network stress the alliances and tensions between the groups, as well as the processes of fission related to the specification of the political subject of the movement. Ethnography was used here as the research method, thus, the research articulates participant observations, document analysis and in-depth interviews. Between January 2013 and June 2014 I observed activities that congregated diverse actors of the "field" of the movement, meetings and activities of the Sexual Diversity Month and the everyday activities of the workers of Campinas LGBT Center Mestrado Antropologia Social Mestre em Antropologia Social

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Gavioli, Karen Priscilla da Cunha. "Condição macroeconômica e estrutura de capital, evidências do Brasil entre os anos de 1995 e 2013." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/650.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karen Priscila da Cunha Gavioliprot.pdf: 1194372 bytes, checksum: 6a6571efb045aaeed718f45bba378e72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 Given the broad topic in the field of capital structure, this work aims to contribute to the advancement of studies analyzing firms belonging to São Paulo Stock Exchange (BOVESPA), from 1995 to 2013. With the focus on identifying the behavior of financial leverage and the speed adjustment under different macroeconomic conditions, analogously with Cook and Tang (2010) and Mukherjee and Mahakud (2012). Some studies realized in other countries and also in Brazil used the macroeconomic variables as part of the company's debt composition, and there are, by all stakeholders, the need to improve knowledge on how companies react to changes of these macroeconomic variables. From a sample of 334 Brazilian, the panel was used in the art, applying the fixed effects method and then using dynamic through the GMM method (General Method of Moments) as a way to compare the results obtained in the static model and understand the leverage adjustment speed. Our results demonstrate that Brazilian companies are influenced by GDP and M4 when there is an unfavorable moment in the economy, adjusting their leverage faster, unlike in the case of the Selic interest rate, interest spread, inflation and exchange. In general, it appears that in Brazil companies tend to increase leverage when there is less growth for not sufiencientes reserves to survive the fall of the growth, and benefits from the low rates of times to get the most benefit front of banks and companies of development. Diante do vasto tema no campo da estrutura de capital, esta dissertação visa contribuir no avanço dos estudos analisando empresas pertencentes a Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA), no cenário de 1995 a 2013. Com foco em identificar o comportamento da alavancagem financeira e a velocidade de ajuste em diferentes condições macroeconômicas, analogamente com Cook e Tang (2010) e Mukherjee e Mahakud (2012). Alguns estudos em outros Países e no Brasil utilizaram as variáveis macroeconômicas como integrante na composição de endividamento da empresa, e há por parte de todos os agentes a necessidade de aprimorar o conhecimento em como as empresas reagem às mudanças dessas variáveis macroeconômicas. A partir de uma amostra de 334 empresas brasileiras, foi utilizado a técnica em painel, aplicando-se o método de efeitos fixos e em seguida utilizando o dinâmico por meio do método de GMM (General Method of Moments) como forma de comparar os resultados obtidos no modelo estático e entender a velocidade de ajustamento da alavancagem. Nossos resultados demonstram que as empresas brasileiras são influenciadas pelo PIB e M4 quando há um momento desfavorável na economia, ajustando a sua alavancagem mais rapidamente, diferentemente no caso das taxas de juros Selic, spread de juros, inflação e câmbio. De modo geral, verifica-se que no Brasil as empresas tendem aumentar a alavancagem quando há menor crescimento por não ter reservas sufiencientes para sobreviver a queda do crescimento, e beneficia-se do momentos de taxas baixas para obter maior benefício frente aos bancos e empresas de fomento.

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Ncube, Free P. "The impact of biofuels on food prices, lessons from the experiences of Brazil and U.S. (1995-2013)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2150.

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Using crops for fuel generates concerns over competition with food uses. As Rajagopal et al (2009) asserts, “In 2008 the world entered a food crisis amid record-high commodity and energy prices that induced hunger and political unrest in developing countries, by export restrictions in top grain-producing countries”. This took place at the same time when biofuel production, reached its pinnacle in developed countries. This paper examines the effect that biofuel prices and or production has had on food prices in Brazil and U.S. by employing the panel cointegration and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method of analysis. In regressing food prices as a function of demand and supply factors, such as oil prices, biofuel prices, interest rates and biofuel production, the study found that the increase in biofuels production over the past eighteen years has had a significant impact on food prices. Over the period January 1995- December 2013, the study estimates that a one hundred percent increase in biofuels production across time and between countries results in the increase of food prices by 21,9%. The study therefore rejects the null hypothesis that states, biofuel production does not have a statistically significant negative impact on food prices in U.S. and Brazil. , and accepts the alternative that biofuel production does have a statistically significant negative impact on food prices in U.S. and Brazil. Other predictors of food prices that the study revealed as significant were oil and interest rates. Policy recommendations for other countries like South Africa are therefore, made based on the results obtained.

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Ajibo, Chikodili. "Analysis of foreign investment protection regimes in the petroleum sector in Nigeria, 1995-2013 : options for reform." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/analysis-of-foreign-investment-protection-regimes-in-the-petroleum-sector-in-nigeria--1995--2013-options-for-reform(b007b7c8-28ed-4dd3-96b4-5b5846eecf6c).html.

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This thesis examines the current regulatory frameworks for foreign investment protection and reforms thereto in the petroleum sector in Nigeria. The analysis is conducted from international law perspective. Thus, the current regimes of IIAs reflected in both the substantive and procedural terms are bedevilled by unbalanced framework in the allocation of rights and duties to the contracting parties. Strictly speaking, the parties do not set out from the outset to draft an unbalanced terms of IIAs. However, the preponderant inflow of investment from the developed to developing countries almost always make the latter bear the brunt of any unbalanced prescription of the terms of the IIAs. Thus, the definitions of such substantive terms as investment, fair and equitable treatment, umbrella clause, and regulatory expropriation constitute a significant cause of concerns for economic imperatives of the capital importing countries. Similarly, the incessant lack of consideration for the regulatory and economic interest of the host state in the arbitral awards is creating concern among the capital importing countries. Consequently, a re-appraisal of existing regimes becomes necessary both in the substantive definition and the arbitral construction of these substantive terms to ensure a balance of interests in international economic relation. These substantive and procedural terms do not operate in vacuum but apply to host state like Nigeria together with other local investment regulatory rules. Although various studies establish different challenges to foreign investment in Nigeria such as, inter alia, lack of harmonised investment regimes and complicated registration procedures, one issue that is evidently less considered is the institutional influence in the implementation of investment regulation. Thus, institutional factors are the heart of Nigeria investment challenges. These institutional factors mirrors itself in poor human and social capital ratio needed for enhanced service delivery. Thus, for any meaning headway to be made in strengthening the inflow of foreign capital to Nigeria economy, tackling of other challenges is incomplete until human capital development is aligned with social capital development.

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AlRefeai, Mohammad Hamdan S. "The assessment of multiple factor effect on the survival of anterior composite restorations at UICOD between 1995-2013." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1531.

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Objectives: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the survival time and factors associated with survival of anterior composite-resin restoration placed at the University of Iowa, College of Dentistry (UICOD). Methods: Patients at the UICOD who had anterior composite restorations placed between 1995-1997 and could be followed through 2013 were included in this study. Factors included: patient age and gender, tooth type (central or lateral incisor, or canine) and location (maxillary or mandibular), restoration size (1, 2, 3, 4 and more surfaces), provider type (dental student, graduate student, faculty), and clinic (operative, family, or other clinics) where the initial restoration placed. Survival time of a restoration was defined as how long a restoration lasted from the day of placement until the day of subsequent treatment. Subsequent treatment included: restorations, veneer and/or crowns, root canal therapy, and extraction. One restoration per patient was used for the study. Statistical analyses consisted of the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression (alpha=0.05). Results: Of the 668 subjects (mean±SD age=55±13 years and 60.8% females) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, the mean±SD survival time of composite resin restoration was 11±7 years and an overall survival rate was 43.3%. Patients' gender, age, tooth location, and clinic type were not significantly associated with the survival time of composite resin restoration. Cox regression model indicated that significant differences in the restoration hazards were found on tooth type (p=0.002), provider type (p=0.003) and restoration sizes (p=0.0072). Central (HR=1.59; CI=1.23-2.07) and lateral (HR=1.36; CI=1.03-1.79) incisors had a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) than canines, and faculty had significantly lower HR than undergraduate students (HR=0.68, CI=0.55-0.85). Restorations sizes one surface (HR=0.6; CI=0.44-0.81) and two surfaces (HR=0.65; CI=0.48-0.88) had significantly lower HR than four and more surfaces restorations. Conclusion: The mean and median survival time of anterior composite restoration at UICOD was 11 and 13 years, respectively. Tooth type, provider type, and restoration size were significant predictors for the survival time of anterior composite-resin restoration.

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Walsh, Donal. "Journey in government monopsony : the inter-organizational relationship between the NHS Education Buyer/Commissioner and Middlesex University 1995-2013." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687368.

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This dissertation is about the in/stability over time of a contract-based inter-organizational relationship (IOR) which existed mostly under conditions of government monopsony (MG). The MG consisted of the institutional arrangements between the NHS and Higher Education sectors in England for the provision of education for the NHS non-medical professional workforce. The IOR was between the NHS education buyer (the ‘GM’) and Middlesex University (MU). An agent-centred historical institutionalism was used as the overall approach in the inquiry. The main components of the approach were resource dependence theory, concepts of historical dependence, and events in the IOR and its institutional and organizational environments. A multi-dimensional concept of IOR in/stability from the standpoints of the GM and MU which was grounded in the practices of the IOR was constructed. The inquiry traced the origins and subsequent development of the MG and the in/stability of the IOR over an 18 year period, 1995 - 2013. The main findings of the inquiry were: (1) The IOR originated in, and continued to exist mostly under conditions of MG (2) The IOR became less stable over time from the standpoint of MU; reductions in IOR stability occurred in dimensions of risk relating to the future performance of the IOR (3) Instability and threatened instability in the IOR were brought about mostly by the exercise of power by the GM and by the power dependence responses of MU. The thesis developed in the dissertation is that instability and threatened instability in the IOR were due mostly to a power imbalance in the IOR, in favour of the GM, between the GM and MU. The source of that power imbalance was a combination of: • The resource dependency of MU on the IOR • The conditions of MG and bilateral monopoly under which the IOR existed. The dissertation is concluded with a critique of MG as a technique for public sector management. Recommendations are made for new NHS-HE inter-sector and IOR arrangements to be established which take account of power imbalances and relations of mutual dependence between stakeholders. Recommendations for further research are also made.

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Miranda, Athens Alfonso Nicolás. "Dinámica de la resistencia a Trimetoprim en cepas de Shigella sonnei aisladas en Chile entre los años 1995-2013." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137819.

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Memoria para optar el título de Bioquímico La shigelosis es una infección intestinal aguda causada por bacterias del género Shigella, cuyos síntomas varían desde diarrea acuosa hasta disentería bacilar inflamatoria grave. Shigella es un patógeno cuyo único hospedero es el humano, presenta una muy baja dosis infectiva (solo 10 organismos viables pueden producir enfermedad) y se contagia principalmente por vía fecal-oral. Esta bacteria permanece dentro de las cuatro principales causas de diarrea moderada-grave en niños menores de 5 años en países en vías de desarrollo, predominando el serogrupo S. flexneri, a diferencia de nuestro país donde predomina el serogrupo S. sonnei. Con el transcurso del tiempo, Shigella ha sido capaz de adquirir rápidamente diversos mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos utilizados en su tratamiento, lo que genera la necesidad de conocer el patrón de susceptibilidad que presenta este patógeno antes de comenzar la terapia. Uno de los antibióticos utilizados en su tratamiento es el trimetoprim (Tmp), el cual inhibe la actividad de la enzima dihidrofolato reductasa (DHFR). La resistencia a este antibiótico se genera principalmente por la adquisición de genes dfr que codifican para una enzima DHFR resistente a Tmp. En nuestro país, la resistencia a Tmp en cepas de S. sonnei aisladas entre los años 1995 y 1997 se atribuye principalmente a la presencia de los genes dfrA1 y dfrA8, pero en un brote de S. sonnei surgido en los años 2008 y 2009, esta resistencia se debe a otro mecanismo no identificado. Además, la mayoría de las cepas de S. sonnei aisladas después del brote, presentan resistencia a Tmp pero su mecanismo de resistencia no ha sido estudiado. Debido a esto, en el presente trabajo se propuso determinar el mecanismo de resistencia a trimetoprim y evaluar su distribución en cepas de S. sonnei aisladas en nuestro país entre los años 1995 y 2013. Este mecanismo de resistencia se identificó mediante el uso de una genoteca construida con el ADN de una cepa de S. sonnei resistente a Tmp, revelando mediante secuenciación, un cassette genético que incluye al gen dfrA14 como responsable de la resistencia a este antibiótico. Posteriormente, se determinó la distribución del gen dfrA14 y de los genes previamente descritos dfrA1 y dfrA8 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en las cepas aisladas entre los años 1995 y 2013. De esta forma, se obtuvo que entre los años 1995-1997 y 2004- 2006 predominó dfrA8, en tanto que el 100% de las cepas aisladas durante el brote 2008-2009 presentaron dfrA14. Posteriormente, en los años 2010-2011 se detectó la presencia de dfrA1 y dfrA14 en proporciones similares y luego en el 2012-2013 reapareció además dfrA8. Adicionalmente, se determinó que la totalidad de las cepas que presentan dfrA14, lo hacen en el contexto genético de un plásmido de 6779 pb, capaz de otorgar resistencia a cotrimoxazol (mezcla de Tmp y sulfonamidas), denominado pABC-3. Este plásmido es prácticamente idéntico a un plásmido de E. coli denominado pCERC1, salvo por la ausencia de una repetición de 11 pb en su secuencia. También es similar a otros plásmidos presentes en Shigella, cuya principal diferencia es la ausencia de dfrA14. Esto sugiere dos posibles orígenes del pABC-3: uno es la adquisición del plásmido desde una E. coli y el otro es la inserción del cassette que contiene dfrA14 en los plásmidos presentes en Shigella. En conclusión, en el presente trabajo se describe que la resistencia a Tmp en cepas de S. sonnei aisladas en nuestro país se debe mayoritariamente a la presencia de los genes dfrA1, dfrA8 y dfrA14 y que este último se encuentra en el contexto genético del plásmido pABC-3, confiriendo resistencia a Tmp a la mayoría de las cepas de S. sonnei aisladas en nuestro país desde el año 2004 hasta 2013 Shigellosis is an acute intestinal infection caused by bacterial genus Shigella. Its symptoms vary from watery diarrhea to severe inflammatory bacillary dysentery. Shigella, a strictly human-pathogen, has a very low infectious dose (10 bacterial cells can produce illness) and is transmitted via faecal-oral. This pathogen affects mainly children under 5 years in developing countries, where S. flexneri is the most important serogroup, while in Chile S. sonnei is the prevalent serogroup. The use of antibiotics against Shigella is the first line therapy, however lately the acquisition of resistance mechanisms has increased. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles are required before starting any treatment. Trimethoprim (Tmp), one of selected antibiotics against this pathogen, inhibits the activity of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR). Tmpresistant (TmpR) bacteria are mainly due to acquisition of dfr genes, coding for DHFR enzymes. S. sonnei strains isolated in Chile between 1995 and 1997 showed the presence of dfrA1 and dfrA8 genes, but the mechanism of Tmp-resistance in a later outbreak (2008-2009) is unknown. The majority of S. sonnei strains isolated after the outbreak are TmpR, but their resistance mechanism has not been studied yet. The general aim of this study was to identify the genetic marker responsible of the Tmp resistance mechanism in S. sonnei strains isolated between 1995 and 2013. A DNA library was obtained from a representative TmpR S. sonnei strain from the outbreak and a recombinant E. coli TmpR was isolated. Further, the sequenced clone was identified as harbouring the dfrA14 gene. We evaluated the distribution of the dfrA14 gene and the previously described genes, dfrA1 and dfrA8 in a laboratory collection of S. sonnei from 1995 – 2013. The results show that within periods 1995- 1997 and 2004-2006 the dfrA8 gene was the most prevalent, while 100% of the isolated strains during the 2008-2009 outbreak present the dfrA14 gene. Later, between 2010 and 2011 dfrA1 and dfrA14 were detected in similar proportions, and then, between 2012 and 2013 dfrA8 reappeared. In addition, it was determined that the dfrA14 gene is harboured in a 6779 bp plasmid, named pABC-3, which confers cotrimoxazole resistance. This plasmid is nearly identical to the pCERC1 plasmid isolated from E. coli, except for an 11 bp sequence missing in pABC-3, and similar to other Shigella plasmids, without the insertion of the dfrA14 gene cassette. This suggests two possible origins for the pABC-3 plasmid. One of them is the acquisition of the whole plasmid from E. coli and the other is the insertion of the dfrA14 gene cassette into a Shigella dfrA14 -less plasmid. In conclusion, the present study showed that Tmp resistance in S. sonnei strains isolated in Chile is mainly due to the presence of the dfrA1, dfrA8 and dfrA14 genes. This last gene is found inside the pABC-3 plasmid conferring Tmp resistance to the majority of S. sonnei strains isolated between years 2004 and 2013 in our country Fondecyt

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Guimarães, João Felipe Cury. "Existe puzzle de prêmio de risco acionário (EPP) no mercado brasileiro?: uma análise do período entre 1995 e 2013." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12047.

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Submitted by João Felipe Cury Guimarães (joaofcuryg@gmail.com) on 2014-07-24T19:28:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOAO GUIMARAES_vABNT.pdf: 915217 bytes, checksum: 3af3016a61ad6056c7d3890331563e1c (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Gammaro (gisele.gammaro@fgv.br) on 2014-08-29T17:26:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOAO GUIMARAES_vABNT.pdf: 915217 bytes, checksum: 3af3016a61ad6056c7d3890331563e1c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T13:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOAO GUIMARAES_vABNT.pdf: 915217 bytes, checksum: 3af3016a61ad6056c7d3890331563e1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 Segundo Sampaio (2002), os modelos intertemporais de equilíbrio começaram a ter a sua eficácia na determinação do retorno dos ativos questionada após a publicação do artigo de Mehra e Prescott em 1985. Tendo como objeto de análise os dados observados no mercado norte-americano, os autores não foram capazes de reproduzir a média histórica do prêmio do retorno das ações em relação ao retorno dos títulos públicos de curto prazo através de parâmetros comportamentais dentro de intervalos considerados plausíveis. Através das evidências, os autores, então, puderam verificar a necessidade de coeficientes exageradamente altos de aversão ao risco para equiparação do prêmio de risco histórico médio das ações norte-americanas, enigma que ficou conhecido como equity premium puzzle (EPP). Foi possível também a constatação de outro paradoxo: a necessidade de taxas de desconto intertemporais negativas para obtenção da média histórica da taxa de juros, o risk-free rate puzzle (RFP). Este trabalho tem como objetivo adaptar os dados do modelo proposto por Mehra e Prescott (2003) ao mercado brasileiro e notar se os puzzles apresentados anteriormente estão presentes. Testa-se o CCAPM com dados brasileiros entre 1995:1 e 2013:4 adotando preferências do tipo utilidade esperada e através da hipótese de log-normalidade conjunta dos retornos. Utiliza-se o método de calibração para avaliar se há EPP no Brasil. Em linha com alguns trabalhos prévios da literatura nacional, como Cysne (2006) e Soriano (2002) que mostraram a existência do puzzle nos períodos de 1992:1-2004:2 e 1980:1-1998:4, respectivamente, conclui-se que o modelo usado por Mehra e Prescott (2003) não é capaz de gerar o prêmio de risco observado na economia brasileira. Sampaio (2002), Bonomo e Domingues (2002) e Issler e Piqueira (2002), ao contrário, não encontram evidências da existência de um EPP brasileiro.

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Gonçalves, Júlia Burle. "Distribuição de renda e demanda agregada no Brasil (1995-2013): uma análise a partir de extensões aos modelos neo-kaleckianos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-18102017-145419/.

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O arcabouço teórico neo-Kaleckiano parte da importância da demanda efetiva no processo de geração de renda para relacionar sua distribuição funcional - parcela da renda destinada a salários e lucros - à demanda agregada, e assim caracterizar o tipo de regime de demanda das economias, se wage-led (parcela de salários a afetando positivamente) ou profit-led (parcela de lucros a afetando positivamente). Contribuições posteriores propõem extensões ao modelo convencional que incluem o efeito de economia aberta, do crédito e da distribuição pessoal da renda sobre o tipo de regime característico. Partindo de tal arcabouço e da trajetória da economia brasileira nos anos 2000, esta dissertação busca avaliar empírica e teoricamente a relação entre distribuição funcional, distribuição intrasalarial e endividamento das famílias. No âmbito teórico, um modelo neo-Kaleckiano que avalia relação dinâmica de longo prazo entre dívida e distribuição é desenvolvido. No âmbito empírico, a relação entre distribuição funcional e demanda efetiva para economia brasileira no período 1995 a 2013 é analisada, mas considerando o impacto de variáveis ausentes do modelo seminal, que foram abordadas no modelo teórico apresentado, e que parecem relevantes para explicar o desempenho da economia brasileira no período - crédito, distribuição intrasalrial e preço das commodities. Resultados sugerem que o controle para estas variáveis de fato alteram o efeito da distribuição funcional sobre a demanda agregada e vice versa. The neo-Kaleckian theoretical framework focuses on the importance of effective demand in the income generation process in order to relate its functional distribution - share of income that goes to wage and profits - to aggregate demand, and thus characterize the demand regime that leads it, either wage-led (wage share positively affecting demand or profit led (profit share positively affecting de-mand). Recent contributions include extensions to the standard model such as the open economy effect, household debt, and personal distribution of income to further characterize the regime type. Departing from that approach and from Brazilian Economy\'s performance on the 2000s, this thesis aims to empirically e theoreticallyanalyze the relationship between functional distribution, wage distribution and household debt. In the theoretical ground, a neo-Kaleckian model in which long term relationships between wage heterogeneity and household debt is developed and analyzed. In the empirical ground, the relationship between functional distribution of income and aggregate demand is analyzed for the Brazilian Economy in the period 1995-2013, but testing whether variables that are not present in the seminal model that seem to affect the Brazilian economy in the 2000s - household debt, personal distribution of income and commodity prices - alter the relationship between the two variables. Our results suggest that the control for those aspects indeed change the intercept and inclination of our demand and distributive curves.

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Gravel, Anne-Sophie. "Figures de meurtriers célèbres dans les séries télévisées Bates Motel (2013-2017), et Hannibal (2013-2015) ainsi que dans le film Seven (1995) ; : suivi de : Les leçons de Gillian (Scénario)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40300.

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Cette recherche-création effectuée dans le cadre d’études de deuxième cycle présente une analyse de l’adaptation télévisuelle récente de meurtriers fictifs notoires. Dans la première partie, un essai retrace la façon dont ont été transposés pour la télévision les personnages de Norman Bates (Psycho, 1960) et d’Hannibal Lecter (The Silence of the Lambs, 1991) ainsi que les mécanismes qui ont été déployés afin d’étoffer ces protagonistes et leurs forces d’action. Dans la deuxième partie, on présente la création d’une série télévisée librement inspirée du personnage de John Doe (Seven, 1995). Cette section décrit les différentes étapes du processus d’élaboration d’une œuvre télévisuelle, incluant la démarche d’adaptation, le sujet de la saison, la description des personnages, la structure narrative et les milieux de l’action, les résumés et synopsis des épisodes. Par la suite, un des épisodes a été scénarisé.

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Shoukeir, Nidal. "L'image du Qatar en France à travers la presse française : du 27 juin 1995 au 25 juin 2013 : un pari risqué ou réussi ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080118.

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Cette recherche est consacrée à l’étude de l’image du Qatar en France pendant une période vaste mais néanmoins ciblée, celle du règne de Hamed Ben Khalifa (du 27 juin 1995 jusqu’au 25 juin 2013) à travers la presse française représentée par Le Monde, Le Figaro et Libération. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi un corpus riche et varié qui regroupe 11 évènements clés couvrant l’ensemble de cette période, pour laquelle nous allons analyser l’évolution de la couverture par ces trois quotidiens et y découvrir l’image de ce petit émirat. De fait, cette analyse simple sera divisée en deux niveaux. Une analyse quantitative, dans un premier temps, pour mesurer le volume de couverture médiatique et l’image. Puis une analyse qualitative pour explorer le contenu de cette couverture et l’image qui en découle. En partant de ce travail, nous proposerons notre propre définition de l’image, basée sur une formule de l’image réunissant cinq éléments destinés à former ensemble cette image, à savoir : la Réputation, l’Identité, la Notoriété, l’Image de marque et le Stéréotype. Ainsi, et à partir de nos analyses mentionnées ci-dessus, nous présenterons à la fin de cette recherche notre projet de théorie d’image, appelée la « théorie des deux points». Une approche théorique simple et moderne qui vise à rassembler deux pôles, académique et professionnel, et ainsi ouvrir un nouvel horizon pour la recherche, dans le domaine de l’image This research concerns the study of Qatar’s image in France during a wide but delineated period, spanning the reign of Hamad Ben Khalifa (27 june 1995 through 25 june 2013) ascovered by the French press represented by Le Monde, Le Figaro and Libération. To thisend we have chosen a dense and varied body related to 11 key events spanning the entireperiod, in which we will analyze the coverage by these three dailies and bring to light theimage of this small emirate. In actual fact, this simple analysis will be organized in twolevels. Firstly, a quantitative analysis will serve to measure the volume of media coverageand the image. Secondly, a qualitative analysis will explore the content of this coverageand the image which results from it.On the basis of this work, we will propose our own definition of image, based on a formulaof image consisting of five elements that together compose this image, namely: Reputation,Identity, Notoriety, Branding, Stereotype. In this way, on the basis of our above-mentionedanalyses, we will present at the end of this research our project of theory of image, called"The Theory of the Two Points.” A simple and modern theory that aims to combine twodomains, the academic and the professional, in order to open a new horizon for research inthe field of image

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Valentini, Victor. "Le Qatar à l’épreuve des relations internationales : lecture théorique de la politique étrangère du micro-État sous le règne de l’émir Hamad Ben Khalifa Al Thani (1995-2013)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD017/document.

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La politique étrangère de l’émirat du Qatar a suscité beaucoup d’interrogations depuis la prise de pouvoir du cheikh Hamad ben Khalifa Al Thani le 27 juin 1995. Omniprésentes depuis quelques années dans le débat public français notamment, les approches peinent cependant à formuler un cadre théorique général sous lequel appréhender la diplomatie de cet émirat. De ce constat naît une question simple : de quoi la politique étrangère du Qatar est-elle le nom ? Loin des clichés réducteurs où elle demeure le rêve d’un émir orgueilleux du Golfe, la diplomatie qatarie s’inscrit dans le contexte d’une politique étrangère d’un micro-État, d’inspiration réaliste, qui tente de conjurer un rapport de force défavorable en usant des caractéristiques du micro-étatisme et des transformations de l’environnement global afin d’optimiser ses ressources et surtout, d’instaurer un autre rapport de force Ever since the sheik Hamad ben Khalifa Al Thani seized power on June 27th, 1995, Qatar's foreign policy has sparked a lot of questionning. Although Qatar's policies have been commented extensively, especially in the french public debate, the various approaches on this matter have failed to formulate a general theoretical framework through which Qatar's diplomacy could be apprehended. A simple question arises from this observation : what truly lies behind Qatar's foreign policy ? Far from the carricatures depicting it as the grand dream of a vainglorious emir from the Gulf, we intend to show that Qatar's diplomacy can only be understood in the larger context of a realistic micro-state foreign policy that aims at warding off an unfavorable balance of power by using both the characteristics of micro-statism and changes in the global environment, in order to optimize its resources and ultimately, establish a different balance of power

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Brandolezi, Mariana de Oliveira. "Películas da história ensinada : análise indiciária da relação entre ensino de história e cinema nos Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), 1995/2013 /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157205.

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Submitted by Mariana de Oliveira Brandolezi (mah.brandolezi@gmail.com) on 2018-10-01T22:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Películas da história ensinada.pdf: 2198078 bytes, checksum: ab26ebf1c3bb228797f19e8096201c3e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-10-02T16:41:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brandolezi_mo_me_sjrp.pdf: 2248835 bytes, checksum: 9ce7ec7fb1eb35f99e3e4b18aabae5c3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T16:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brandolezi_mo_me_sjrp.pdf: 2248835 bytes, checksum: 9ce7ec7fb1eb35f99e3e4b18aabae5c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-15 O ensino de História está contido e constitui a cultura escolar e, como tal, configura amplo campo de pesquisa. No panorama atual é possível identificar diversos estudos que se debruçam em novas formas de ensinar história. Diante desse contexto, nos últimos anos vem ganhando importância, cada vez maior, propostas de práticas educativas associadas às Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), dentre as quais, práticas educativas envolvendo o diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história. Com base nisso, pretendeu-se neste trabalho promover investigação científica baseada em levantamento bibliográfico e entendimento historiográfico e pedagógico dos trabalhos dedicados ao diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história, publicados nos Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), ao longo do período de 1995 a 2013, visando compreender características desse campo/lugar social de pesquisa, por meio de análise indiciária. A justificativa para este tipo de estudo envolveu: 1)importância nos últimos tempos das TIC no desenvolvimento de práticas educativas, aí incluso àquelas que envolvem o cinema; 2)ausência de pesquisa recente voltada para compreensão do estado da arte de trabalhos dedicados ao diálogo entre cinema e ensino de história; e 3)importância de perscrutar os Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), dado que esse é o mais representativo evento no campo do ensino de história. O referencial teórico dessa pesquisa foi constituído com base nas contribuições de pesquisadores de temas como ensino de história, cinema, cinema e história, além de ensino de história e cinema, campo, lugar social e indícios, bem como os diálogos que promovem com os pressupostos da importância do regional, local e cotidiano. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na UNESP/IBILCE/São José do Rio Preto, apresentou abordagem quali-quantitativa, natureza aplicada e conciliou descrição e explicação, valendo-se para isso de investigações bibliográficas e documentais. The history education is enclosed and constitutes the school culture and, consequently, sets a wide researching field. In the actual prospect is possible to identify many studies that rely on new ways to teach history. Before this context, in the last few years it has been getting a bigger importance, tenders of teaching practices associated with the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), such as educational practices involving the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching. On that basis, it intended with this work, to promote scientific investigation based on bibliographic survey and the historiographic and pedagogical understanding of the works dedicated to the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching, published on the Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), over the period from 1995 to 2013, to further understand features of this searching field/social site, by means of indicial analysis. The justification for this kind of study involved: 1)the importance in the past few years of the ICT in the development of educational practices, there is included the ones that develop the cinema; 2) the absence of recent research fussed on the understanding of the art state of works dedicated to the dialogue between cinema and the history teaching; and 3) the importance of peering the Anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores do Ensino de História (ENPEH), given that this is the most representative event of the history teaching field. The theoretical reference of this research involved input from researchers of themes such as history teaching, cinema, cinema and history, as well as history teaching and cinema, field, social site and indications, such as the dialogues that further assuming the regional, local and daily importance. The research was developed at UNESP/IBILCE/São José do Rio Preto, it showed quail-quantitative approach, applied nature and reconciled description and explanation, to be valid uses bibliographic and documentary investigations. La enseñanza de historia está contenida y constituye la cultura escolar y, como tal, configura un amplio campo de investigación. En el panorama actual es posible identificar diversos estudios que se inclinan en nuevas formas de enseñar historia. En este contexto, en los últimos años viene cobrando importancia, cada vez mayor, propuestas de prácticas educativas asociadas a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), entre las cuales, prácticas educativas que involucran el diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia. En este trabajo se pretendía promover la investigación científica basada en el levantamiento bibliográfico y el entendimiento historiográfico y pedagógico de los trabajos dedicados al diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia publicados en los Anales del Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores de la Enseñanza de la Historia (ENPEH) a lo largo del período 1995 a 2013, con el objetivo de comprender características de ese campo / lugar social de investigación, por medio de análisis indiciario. La justificación para este tipo de estudio involucró: 1) importancia en los últimos tiempos de las TIC en el desarrollo de prácticas educativas, allí incluso a aquellas que involucran el cine; 2) ausencia de investigación reciente dirigida a comprender el estado del arte de trabajos dedicados al diálogo entre cine y enseñanza de historia; y 3) importancia de escrutar los Anales del Encuentro Nacional de Investigadores de la Enseñanza de Historia (ENPEH), dado que ese es el más representativo evento en el campo de la enseñanza de la historia. El referencial teórico de esta investigación fue constituido con base en las contribuciones de investigadores de temas como enseñanza de historia, cine, cine e historia, además de enseñanza de historia y cine, campo, lugar social e indicios, así como los diálogos que promueven con los presupuestos de la importancia del regional, local y cotidiano. La investigación fue desarrollada en la UNESP / IBILCE / São José do Rio Preto, presentó abordaje cuali-cuantitativo, naturaleza aplicada y conciliado descripción y explicación, valiéndose para esto de investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales.

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Bolduc, Charles. "Le rôle de l'expérience dans la pratique philosophique de Gilles Deleuze." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6443.

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Pour Gilles Deleuze, la philosophie consiste à créer des concepts. Prenant le contrepied de cette définition, la plupart de ses commentateurs se contentent soit de répéter les propos du philosophe en les généralisant et en leur donnant de ce fait une portée universelle, soit d'appliquer les concepts qu'il a inventés à n'importe quel phénomène qui leur tombe sous la main, ce qui condamne irrémédiablement la philosophie à n'être qu'une entreprise abstraite alors que Deleuze la voulait on ne peut pus concrète. La source de ce contresens est bien simple : ils ne tiennent pas compte de la place primordiale qu'occupe l'empirisme dans son oeuvre. Ainsi, en ne portant pas une attention toute particulière à cette attitude philosophique qui privilégie l'expérience, ils minimisent le rôle de celle-ci dans sa pratique et, conséquemment, ils détachent les créations de concepts des situations d'où elles tirent leur nécessité. Contrairement à l'esprit qui anime les principales études sur la philosophie deleuzienne, cette thèse a donc pour objectif de démontrer que c'est seulement en prenant en compte les expériences singulières qui les ont suscitées que les concepts forgés par ce penseur gardent un sens, tout comme c'est uniquement dans ce cadre que se comprennent les critiques qu'il a formulées à l'égard de différentes prises de position philosophiques. Au terme de ce parcours, ces dernières apparaîtront alors toujours partielles et redevables d'une expérience de pensée qui a forcé cette remise en question de telle sorte que ce qui était au départ incompréhensible d'après une certaine perspective devient soudainement accessible quand un nouveau concept est créé. Pour parvenir à cette fin, cette thèse a été divisée en deux parties. La première porte sur la conception deleuzienne de l'expérience. Par une étude de deux tentatives de renouvellement de l'empirisme au XXe siècle, soit le bergsonisme et la phénoménologie, la position deleuzienne sur cette question se révèle comme un prolongement de la voie ouverte par Bergson en opposition à celle dégagée par Husserl et, à sa suite, Sartre. Séparé des préoccupations ontologiques bergsoniennes, l'empirisme transcendantal deleuzien apparaît alors comme une recherche de la potentielle singularité d'un phénomène au détriment de la quête d'une forme commune à toute expérience. La seconde partie quant à elle se concente sur quatre expériences de pensée et montre à chaque fois le lien indissoluble qui unit la création de concept et la remise en question qui lui est concomitante. Que ce soit avec la critique d'une philosophie de la représentation qui découle du concept de sensation forgé au contact des oeuvres du peintre Francis Bacon, que ce soit avec la double remise en cause de la phénoménologie comme effet de la création des concepts d'image-affection et d'image-temps à partir de Persona d'Ingmar Bergman et Hiroshima mon amour d'Alain Resnais, que ce soit encore avec la critique des postulats de linguistique qui dérive du concept de littérature mineure inventé pour rendre compte du Procès de Kafka, dans tous ces cas, ce qui est mis en lumière, c'est le rôle essentiel de l'expérience dans la pratique philosophique de Gilles Deleuze.

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Mendoza, Canta Carlos Fernando, Ortega Luis Miguel Maldonado, and Vega José Luis Orejas. "Plan estratégico Johnson & Johnson 2011-2013." Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/1995.

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Johnson & Johnson (J&J), empresa con una larga trayectoria y sólida posición en el mercado a nivel global en el cuidado de la salud, a pesar de su liderazgo en la venta de productos farmacéuticos sin receta OTC en USA, estaba siendo cuestionada por la calidad de algunos de sus medicamentos emblemáticos en el periodo 2009-2010. Dada esta situación, se ha elaborado el presente plan estratégico para la categoría de medicamentos OTC, división consumo mercado USA, que le permita a J&J poder corregir los problemas que le ocasionaron una pérdida en sus ventas y participación de mercado.

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Ricci, Andrea. "The Early Political Web, 1995-2005: A ten-year observational research seeking evidence of eDemocracy in the information architecture of political parties web sites worldwide." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209496.

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Scholarly interest for the impact of technologies on democracy has raised in parallel to the decline of political participation. Technology has often been seen as either one of the causes of the crisis of representative democracy or as a powerful remedy to heal the negative externalities generated by party oligopolies. The study of the impact of new media in party politics or presidential elections dates back the forties (with the outgrowth of radio) and has evolved in cyclical waves until today, covering the emergence of television, the development of global telecommunications, the birth of internet and finally what’s popularly called the Web 2.0.The notion of eDemocracy emerges from this dynamic, but is in a league of its own. There is no agreement on many of the terms that one needs to use to dissect its meaning. Scholars diverge on virtually every foundational concept: from the very definition of democracy and interactivity, to the core functions of political parties, to the definition of propaganda as opposed to political communication or to political marketing. As a consequence of this, there is little agreement on both what could be done in theory with eDemocracy and what is actually done in practice. A permanent tension exist between idealtypes and real types in this domain. The aim of this research is to prove this thesis with the largest and most global research unit of political parties web sites at the time of writing. The choice of an information architecture approach has allowed to cover some uncharted territory while providing a first set of data on the structures of the political web (in 2004-2005) for public scrutiny. The core of this research contribution consists in a basic taxonomy and a set of data (on the intentions and on the information architecture) resulting from a 10 years observational research on the early actors of the political web (stricto sensu i.e. 2073 political parties web sites), reviewed with a new degree of detail (through an ad hoc software procedure aiming at dissecting the structure of political web sites) and grouped into 3 main families (protosites, mesosites and neosites) of party web sites. These clusters of homogeneous web sites share a common way to deal with space, with files, with usability, with multimedia. Classic views on eDemocracy insisted on the improvement deriving from more political information online: in theory, the more information we have, the more we can compare it and use it for our political orientation/participation. In practice, to describe the problem in cybernetic terms, this empirical research shows that load appears to be an issue for most party sites: there is too often either too little content (one out of five party sites around the world is a "protosite") or too much (11% of the observed universe materializes in real “content caverns”). A little more than 4% of the sites (a high end mesosite or neosite) had between 10000 and 48,000 links !Cyber optimists have seen in the proliferation of party web sites a sign of improved party competition. For political minorities or for incumbent parties, in the political web, like in eCommerce, what really makes the difference is the conversion rate i.e. the number of visitors that turn into involved voters. Now, with the type of technical, socio-economical constraints reducing the widespread access to the net, with motivational factors (trust and degree of social connectedness) that may alter the individual’s response to the online information offer, with the imperfect implementation (in terms of usability) of the information architecture requirements for optimal political persuasion and communication online, the actual conversation rate of political parties web sites is likely to remain modest. One of the most characteristic uses of the political web discovered in this research is to provide cloud like archival services for the party community. Parties - in the first ten years of the political web - were trying to check mainstream media and use their sites as a low cost, contemporary version of the party newspapers of the 70s. Although this dissertation is not investigating the specific impact of party sites, the structural analysis carried out in the empirical validation suggests that the architecture of party sites in the years 1995-2005 was developing in such a way to be less and less capable of injecting meaningful inputs in the circuitry of modern democratic institutions. Engaged in a frontal competition with traditional news media (and deprived of the same assets), the early political web stricto sensu (and the set of interactive applications it contains) seems to be too a weak vector to channel adequate stimuli to alter and modify electoral processes or institutional dynamics.The majority of the respondents of a political webmasters survey (107 individuals responded to the survey) carried out in the course of this research project indicates that the party site is not the party's leaders favourite platform to launch messages (64% of the answers disagree or strongly disagree to the statement). The majority of the respondents in the same empirical fieldwork agrees to the following statements: “the web is not the most important tool for the party communication strategy (58%)”, “key messages are published simultaneously on all media available (77%)”, “the party has created this site to allow people to contact candidates directly (63%)”, “the biggest part of the interaction with the public happens live, in meetings - the web is used essentially to post the party documents and to give news to the electorate (73%)”.The most interesting results of this question are related to the transactive / mediating role of party communication online. It is beyond any doubt that in the view of these respondents their site has not been created “to invite the opposition to discuss with us (81%)”. If there is a politically relevant process that goes on in these sites it’s really among like-minded. The mission statement [our party site is meant] “to gather the wants and needs of the electorate” splits respondents in two (54% of the respondents agrees and 47% and disagrees), but 73% of all respondents also agrees that most of the interactions with the electorate are non mediated, thus limiting the relevance of the political web stricto sensu to a mere information delivery platform. The central thesis emerging from this first major reality check of the political web is that the structure of most party sites is simply not made to generate the ambitious levels of deliberative democracy. Not only a large number of party sites are microscopic, but they lack the basic means for human to human interactivity, a criticism that .In 34,7% of the cases scrutinized in the survey the sites lacked even of the mailto command (used to allow end users to write mails to the webmaster). In 51.9% of the cases there is no form at all, to facilitate structured communications between the party and the audience. The majority of the early actors of the political web were not structured to engage in deliberative activities. Only a fraction of the universe (between 1 and 2%) showed multiple forms and input methods corresponding to advanced neosites (along the model of the US Green Party Action Centre) or the so called over exposure sites (such as the Argentinian Humanista party). The bottom line is that interactivity levels found – worldwide - on the largest array of political parties sites were (in the period between 1995 and 2005) simply discouraging, if one tends to believe in the rhetoric of eDemocracy. A corollary of my central thesis is that the reality of the political web generated by parties between 1995 and 2005, shows a significant presence of techniques and communication forms typical of political marketing and propaganda. ‘Commands’, calls for ortopraxy, confrontational communication and a growing number of ‘digital tricks’ structure the toolbox of the best party web architects. A form of weak propaganda (the only sort of ‘naked hand’ propaganda that most political parties can afford to pay) has invaded and captured cyberspace. And the user community is becoming increasingly aware of this.This research does not cover the user dimension. However marginal data obtained in one of the three empirical sections (the Web Master survey) seem to indicate that the political web (of the early years) maintained the capacity to swing some marginal seats. This research covers forms of interactivity based on BBS, online fora and blogs but does not cover the historical period of the development of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. The scientific conclusions are therefore intrinsically limited in value to the decade they refer to, but it is argued in the conclusions that recent surveys (Internet and Campaign 2010 Survey by Pew) do not seem to indicate that the so called Web 2.0 is drastically changing the levels of online political participation. Doctorat en Information et communication info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Jastramskis, Mažvydas, and MAŽVYDAS JASTRAMSKIS. "Electoral volatility in Lithuanian municipal council elections, 1995–2011." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130925_093618-43966.

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The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and explain the variance of electoral volatility between the Lithuanian municipalities. All local elections held since the restoration of Lithuania’s independence are analyzed (a total of six elections from 1995–2011). Dissertation is based on all the principal theoretical explanations of electoral volatility: sociostructural theory, economic voting, party system and institutional-contextual factors. Some theories are modified in order for them to be used in the context of Lithuanian local elections. Dissertation also proposes a four-fold party system classification that allows discerning different long-term coalitional patterns in Lithuanian municipal councils. The empirical investigation relies on quantitative (statistical) methods: descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, non-parametric tests of population comparison and ordinary least squares regression. Three dependent variables (facets of electoral volatility) are used in the empirical analysis: total electoral volatility, extra-systemic volatility and vote share stability of a municipality’s dominant (mayor’s) party. It is found in the dissertation that these three facets of electoral volatility are influenced by various factors: cultural heterogeneity (increases electoral volatility), supply of parties, the correspondence between local and national party systems, electoral turnout (influence weakens since 2002), party membership density (influence not stable)... [to full text] Šios disertacijos tikslas yra ištirti ir paaiškinti rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo skirtumus rinkimuose į savivaldybių tarybas tarp Lietuvos savivaldybių. Tiriami visi nuo Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo vykę demokratiniai savivaldos rinkimai (iš viso šeši rinkimai nuo 1995 m. iki 2011 m.). Disertacijoje remiamasi visais svarbiausiais teoriniais rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aiškinimais: sociostruktūra, ekonominis balsavimas, partinė sistema ir instituciniai-kontekstiniai veiksniai. Kai kurios teorijos yra modifikuojamos tam, kad jas būtų galima naudoti Lietuvos savivaldos rinkimų kontekste. Disertacijoje siūloma partinių sistemų klasifikacija pagal partijų koalicinio elgesio šablonus ilgajame laikotarpyje, įgalinanti atskirti partines sistemas Lietuvos savivaldybių tarybose. Empirinis tyrimas remiasi kiekybiniais (statistiniais metodais): aprašomoji statistika, ryšio matai, neparametriniai populiacijų skirtingumo matai ir tiesinė regresinė analizė. Empirinėje analizėje naudojami trys priklausomi kintamieji, kurie atitinka tris rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektus: bendras rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumas, išorinis nestabilumas ir savivaldybėje dominuojančios (mero) partijos balsų pokytis. Disertacijoje atrandama kad šie trys rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektai yra veikiami įvairių veiksnių: kultūrinio heterogeniškumo (didina rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumą), partijų pasiūlos, atitikimo tarp vietos ir nacionalinės partinių sistemų, rinkiminio aktyvumo (įtaka susilpnėja nuo 2002 m.), partinės narystės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Jastramskis, Mažvydas, and MAŽVYDAS JASTRAMSKIS. "Rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumas Lietuvos savivaldybių tarybų rinkimuose 1995–2011 metais." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130925_093405-38108.

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Šios disertacijos tikslas yra ištirti ir paaiškinti rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo skirtumus rinkimuose į savivaldybių tarybas tarp Lietuvos savivaldybių. Tiriami visi nuo Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo vykę demokratiniai savivaldos rinkimai (iš viso šeši rinkimai nuo 1995 m. iki 2011 m.). Disertacijoje remiamasi visais svarbiausiais teoriniais rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aiškinimais: sociostruktūra, ekonominis balsavimas, partinė sistema ir instituciniai-kontekstiniai veiksniai. Kai kurios teorijos yra modifikuojamos tam, kad jas būtų galima naudoti Lietuvos savivaldos rinkimų kontekste. Disertacijoje siūloma partinių sistemų klasifikacija pagal partijų koalicinio elgesio šablonus ilgajame laikotarpyje, įgalinanti atskirti partines sistemas Lietuvos savivaldybių tarybose. Empirinis tyrimas remiasi kiekybiniais (statistiniais metodais): aprašomoji statistika, ryšio matai, neparametriniai populiacijų skirtingumo matai ir tiesinė regresinė analizė. Empirinėje analizėje naudojami trys priklausomi kintamieji, kurie atitinka tris rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektus: bendras rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumas, išorinis nestabilumas ir savivaldybėje dominuojančios (mero) partijos balsų pokytis. Disertacijoje atrandama kad šie trys rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektai yra veikiami įvairių veiksnių: kultūrinio heterogeniškumo (didina rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumą), partijų pasiūlos, atitikimo tarp vietos ir nacionalinės partinių sistemų, rinkiminio aktyvumo (įtaka susilpnėja nuo 2002 m.), partinės narystės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and explain the variance of electoral volatility between the Lithuanian municipalities. All local elections held since the restoration of Lithuania’s independence are analyzed (a total of six elections from 1995–2011). Dissertation is based on all the principal theoretical explanations of electoral volatility: sociostructural theory, economic voting, party system and institutional-contextual factors. Some theories are modified in order for them to be used in the context of Lithuanian local elections. Dissertation also proposes a four-fold party system classification that allows discerning different long-term coalitional patterns in Lithuanian municipal councils. The empirical investigation relies on quantitative (statistical) methods: descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, non-parametric tests of population comparison and ordinary least squares regression. Three dependent variables (facets of electoral volatility) are used in the empirical analysis: total electoral volatility, extra-systemic volatility and vote share stability of a municipality’s dominant (mayor’s) party. It is found in the dissertation that these three facets of electoral volatility are influenced by various factors: cultural heterogeneity (increases electoral volatility), supply of parties, the correspondence between local and national party systems, electoral turnout (influence weakens since 2002), party membership density (influence not stable)... [to full text]

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Dūdonis, Mindaugas. "Šeimos gydytojų veiklos apimties vertinimas per 15 pirminės sveikatos priežiūros reformos metų (1995-2010)." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130919_143933-02756.

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Lietuvoje PSP reforma yra vykdoma jau beveik dvidešimt metų.Labai svarbu įvertinti jos privalumus ir trūkumus, iškylančias problemas. 1994 ir 2004 metais atlikti tyrimai, kuriuos lyginant stebėti teigiami ir neigiami šeimos gydytojų veiklos pokyčiai ir netolygumai, susiję su gydytojų kvalifikacine kilme (persikvalifikavę pediatrai, terapeutai, šeimos gydytojai po rezidentūros), darbovietės steigėju (privatus ar valstybinis PSPC), urbanizacija (apskrities centras, miestas, mestelis ar kaimas), vykdoma veikla.Vertintas paslaugų prieinamumas, išaiškintos šeimos gydytojų veiklos problemos. Išryškėjo poreikis kitiems tyrimams, gautiems rezultatams patikslinti, atsakyti į naujai iškilusius klausimus. Todėl, siekiant įvertinti tolimesnius šeimos gydytojų veiklos kitimus per penkiolikąreformos metų, 2010 metais atliktas naujas tyrimas, papildytas ir pataisytas atsižvelgus į buvusių tyrimų trūkumus ir naujai iškilusias aktualijas.Šio šeimos gydytojų veiklos tyrimo užibrėžti uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti šeimos gydytojų darbo krūvio ir veiklos apimčių pokyčius per 15 PSP reformos metų. 2. Įvertinti šeimos gydytojo normoje numatytų ir praktikoje atliekamų procedūrų dažnius. 3. Ištirti šeimos gydytojų nuomonės apie jų atliekamą darbą ir jo organizacinius aspektus pokyčius vykstant PSP reformai. 4. Išanalizuoti pacientų požiūrį į savo sveikatą, jos stiprinimą ir šeimos gydytojo vaidmenį kontroliuojant LNL rizikos veiksnius. In Lithuania PHC reform has been carried out for nearly twenty years. It is very important to assess its benefits and shortcomings, and to acknowledge emerging problems. Research was conducted in 1994 and 2004. Researchers compared positive and negative changes and differences in family physicians’ practices in relation to physicians training (retrained pediatricians, internists and residency trained family physicians), type of PHCC (private or public), urbanization (region center, town, small town or village) and provided services. They evaluated access to services and revealed problems in family physicians’ work. The need for additional research emerged in order to further explore the results and to answer newly posed questions. For that reason new survey was conducted in 2010 with the purpose to assess further changes in family physicians practice over last 15 years of health care reform. It was changed and developed according to shortcomings of previous research and newly emerged questions. The objectives of this research were: 1. To identify and compare the changes in family physicians’ workload and services during fifteen years of primary health care reform. 2. To assess the use of the procedures named in family physicians’ norm in practice. 3. To investigate the changes of family physicians’ opinion about their work and its organizational aspects during PHC reform. 4. To analyze the patients’ attitude towards their health, its strengthening and family physicians’ role... [to full text]

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Ginoux, Isabelle. "Le moment philosophique du structuralisme selon Deleuze." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209209.

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Sous le signe de l'irréductibilité de l'événement ou "devenir" des concepts à l'histoire des idées, le moment philosophique du structuralisme selon Deleuze (1967-1969) est envisagé selon trois points de vue correspondant aux trois parties de la thèse. La première partie adopte la perspective historiographique pour y déceler, chez F.Wahl (1968), M. Frank (1989) F. Dosse (1991), deux principales sources de la méconnaissance du structuralisme philosophique deleuzien au profit d'un prétendu "post" ou "néo-structuralisme" (à partir de L’Anti-Œdipe) : 1° le tracé d'une ligne de partage exclusif entre la philosophie et le structuralisme méthodique des linguistes et de Lévi-Strauss ;2° le rôle de parangon joué par la déconstruction derridienne du structuralisme. La seconde partie fait valoir l'irréductibilité du "portrait conceptuel" du structuralisme peint par Deleuze en 1967, tant à l'égard du "cliché scientiste" (linguistique ou axiomatique) dominant les présentations doxographiques contemporaines (F.Wahl et J. Piaget) qu'à l'égard de la déconstruction du structuralisme par Derrida. A rebours des premiers, Deleuze supprime le mètre-étalon (linguistique ou mathématique) permettant de hiérarchiser les disciplines concernées par le structuralisme et, en s’appuyant sur la théorie lévistraussienne de la fonction symbolique à la clef du structuralisme de Lacan, Althusser, Foucault et le groupe Tel Quel, il propose sept critères formels transdisciplinaires, valant autant dans les sphères philosophique et artistique que dans celles des sciences humaines et des sciences exactes. Ce faisant, à la différence de Derrida et du « néo-structuralisme », Deleuze associe en un même « Jeu idéal » Lévi-Strauss (philosophiquement moustachu d’être associé à Lacan, Foucault, Barthes et Althusser) et Nietzsche (philosophiquement glabre d’être revisité à la lumière du structuralisme). La troisième partie envisage dans Différence et répétition et Logique du sens le développement philosophique de ce "personnage conceptuel" nietzschéo-structuraliste apte à accomplir le « renversement esthétique » du Platonisme nihiliste au profit de la création et de la dramatisation des simulacres/structures. Associant structuralisme et pensée sérielle (U. Eco), Deleuze compose une œuvre chaosmos, un simulacre sériel, polyphonique, « achevé-illimité » jouant de bribes et miette de tout ce que les philosophes ont pu « croire et raconter » depuis l’Antiquité grecque afin de dramatiser l’Idée problématique du structuralisme à la veille de Mai 68./Under the sign of the irreductibility of the event or the “becoming” of concepts to their history, the philosophical moment of structuralism according to Deleuze (1967-1969) is considered from three points of view corresponding to the three parts of the thesis.The first part adopts the historiographical perspective to detect, in F. Wahl (1968), M. Frank (1989), F. Dosse (1991), two main sources for the lack of knowledge about the deleuzian philosophical structuralism in favour of a so-called “post” or “neo”-structuralism (starting from the Anti-Oedipus) :\ Doctorat en Philosophie info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Bernroider, Edward, José-Rodrigo Córdoba, and Alan Pilkington. "Research in Information Systems: A Study of Diversity and Inter-Disciplinary Discourse in the AIS Basket Journals between 1995 and 2011." Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3915/1/2013%2Djit20135a%2Dpostprint.pdf.

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The paper investigates how Information Systems (IS) has emerged as the product of interdisciplinary discourses. The research aim in this study is to better understand diversity in IS research, and the extent to which the diversity of discourse expanded and contracted from 1995 to 2011. Methodologically, we apply a combined citations/co-citations analysis based on the eight Association for Information Systems (AIS) basket journals and the 22 subject-field classification framework provided by the Association of Business Schools (ABS). Our findings suggest that IS is in a state of continuous interaction and competition with other disciplines. General Management was reduced from a dominant position as a reference discipline in IS at the expense of a growing variety of other discourses including Business Strategy, Marketing, and Ethics and Governance among others. Over time, IS as a field moved from the periphery to a central position during its discursive formation. This supports the notion of IS as a fluid discipline dynamically embracing a diverse range of adjacent reference disciplines, whilst keeping a degree of continuing interaction with them. Understanding where IS is currently at allows us to better understand and propose fruitful avenues for its development in both academia and practice.

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Niossobantou, Dominique. "Le Théâtre congolais : critique et prospective." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030045.

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Notre etude consacree a la critique et a la prospective du theatre congolais contemporain, se preoccupe de donner une image a la fois panoramique et predictive, en s'interrogeant sur ce qui existe, sur ce qui est fait et sur ce qui pourrait etre fait. Grace a l'exploitation interne de douze pieces appartenant a neuf auteurs parmi les plus celebres et les plus representatifs, la premiere partie s'efforce de decrypter ce theatre moderne de langue francaise et aborde les questions relatives a l'aspect socio-historique, thematique, specifique. La deuxieme partie constitue quant a elle une recherche et une experimentation pedagogique d'une approche dramaturgique expurgee de la tendance a la description sociale, mais tournee vers la semiologie qui s'interesse a l'espace, au temps, aux personnages, au referentiel, aux objets. . . La troisieme partie, theorique et previsionnelle, mettant en exergue le souci de ramener le theatre vers le peuple, s'efforce de preconiser une esthetique nouvelle, appropriee et debarrassee de toute coloration pastiche, en exploitant certains phenomenes et certaines formes theatrales, peut-etre encore embryonnaires, mais plus authentiques et plus populaires Our study devoted to the criticiom and prospective of the congolese contemporany theater is concerned with giving a panoramic and predictive view as well, in questioning onself about what is already found and done, and could be done. Thanks to the internal exploitation of twelve plays belonging to nine authors among the most famous and most representative ones, the first part tries to decipher this modern theater of french language, and starts on questions relating to the specific, thematic, socio-historical aspect. The second part concerns a pedagogical research and experimentation of a dramatic approach taken out from the tendency to the social description, but turned towards the semiology which is concerned with space, time, characters, system of reference, objects. . . The third part, based theory and prevision, brings out its concern to restore theater to the people, and tries to advocate a new aesthetics, suited and rid of any pastiche colouring by exploiting certain phenomena and certain theatrical forms, perhaps even in an embryonic state, but more authentic and more popular

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Courtois, Fleur. "Arts de la ruse: pour une expérimentation tactique des sciences humaines à partir de Michel de Certeau." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210363.

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A travers l'oeuvre de Michel de Certeau, les manières de dire et de faire d'une part, dans le quotidien d'autre part dans les sciences humaines sont travaillées pour rendre compte d'une philosophie de la ruse. Sont mobilisés à cette occasion le constructivisme (Latour, Stengers), le pragmatisme (James), le structuralisme (Lacan, Barthes) et les philosophies de Deleuze et Foucaut. Doctorat en Philosophie info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Finichiu, Ana-Alice. "Territoires entre-deux: agencements, biopolitique et junkspace." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209210.

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(résumé en français)Le diagnostic de Rem Koolhaas sur les métropoles actuelles montre une ville générique, sans fin, sans identité, sans passé, sans rues, la seule activité qui reste est le shopping et la condition « in-transit » devient universelle. À cette analyse manque une partie très importante, la condition biopolitique de la métropole, qui expliquerait plusieurs des caractéristiques de ce Junkspace, comme le fait qu’il contient la possibilité de résistance face au générique.À la lumière de ce constat et suivant les directions de pensée que Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari ouvrent dans Mille Plateaux, cette thèse propose d’identifier les intervalles témoignant de la dimension biopolitique du Junkspace au travers d’une mobilisation de la théorie des agencements comme hypothèse pour la théorie architecturale et urbaine. Le postulat général est que ces intervalles seraient des territoires entre-deux qui fonctionneraient comme des laboratoires d’agencements témoignant d’une pratique architecturale politique redéfinissant le rôle même de l’architecte. Trois axes de recherche sont déployés. Le premier interroge la pertinence d’une pensée architecturale en termes d’agencements dans le contexte des transformations actuelles des territoires. À la suite d’un croisement avec la pensée de Deleuze et Guattari l’architecture se comprend dans son processus d’agencement et réagencement. Le second axe interroge la dimension biopolitique du Junkspace identifiant les points critiques de ses agencements et évaluant le paradoxe de l’entre-deux. Le troisième axe met à l’épreuve le potentiel des territoires entre-deux de créer des opportunités pour de nouvelles configurations spatiales.(english abstract)Rem Koolhaas’s diagnostic of the modern metropolis shows a generic city with no end, no identity, no past, no streets where the only activity remaining is shopping and the « in-transit » condition is becoming universal. An important part is missing from this analysis: the biopolitical condition of the metropolis, that could explain a number of Junkspace’s characteristics, like the fact that it contains the possibility to resist the generic condition. In the light of this review and in accordance with the philosophical directions that Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari draw in A Thousand Plateaus, this research intends to identify the intervals witnessing the biopolitical dimension of Junkspace by rallying the assemblage theory as hypothesis for the architectural and urban theory. The general postulate is that these intervals are in-between territories functioning as laboratories of assemblages that show a political and resistant architectural practice redefining the very part of the architect. Three lines of research are deployed. The first one questions the relevance of an architectural assemblage thinking in the context of the current territorial transformations. Operating a crossing with Deleuze and Guattari’s thought, architecture is understood as a process of assembling and re-assembling. The second line of research is questioning the biopolitical dimension of Junkspace identifying the critical points of its assemblages and evaluating the in-between paradox. The third research line is testing the in-between territories potential to create opportunities for new spatial configurations. Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Tracol, Matthieu. "La rigueur et les réformes : histoire des politiques du travail et de l'emploi du gouvernement Mauroy (1981-1984)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010700.

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Le gouvernement Mauroy est habituellement associé au « tournant de la rigueur » de 1983. Après l’euphorie, le pouvoir socialiste aurait brusquement adopté l’austérité économique. L’étude des politiques du travail et de l’emploi permet de remettre en cause ce schéma d’une double manière. Tout d’abord, l’alternance permit à des hauts fonctionnaires modernistes, très influencés par la philosophie négociatrice de Jacques Delors et de la CFDT, de parvenir aux postes de décision clés en matière de politique sociale. Dès 1981, les réformes sociales furent engagées sous le signe de la rigueur, avec la volonté de ne pas provoquer de dérapage économique et budgétaire irréversible. La réduction du temps de travail, mise au point au sein du Commissariat général du plan, fut réalisée en privilégiant la négociation sociale décentralisée et la modération salariale. L’abaissement de l’âge de la retraite à 60 ans fut à l’origine élaboré en augmentant la durée de cotisation. Les lois Auroux réformant le droit du travail n’attaquèrent pas le pouvoir des chefs d’entreprise. La deuxième remise en cause concerne le tournant de 1983 : en fait, le point d’inflexion de la politique du gouvernement Mauroy se situe au premier semestre de 1982. Après l’abandon des 35 heures, la lutte contre le chômage ne constitua plus pour lui qu’un objectif secondaire. Il se trouva alors dans une impasse, sans grande réforme à réaliser. Son agenda fut certes dominé par les problèmes financiers (déficit de l’UNEDIC, qui conduisit à réduire drastiquement les prestations chômage, et financement de la retraite), mais cela ne signifie pas qu’il y ait eu conversion généralisée des élites socialistes au néolibéralisme The Mauroy government is usually associated with the 1983 “austerity turn”. It is commonly agreed after the eurphoria following their electoral victory, the socialist power suddendly adopted economic austerity. The study of labour and employment policies can undermine this idea in two ways. Firstly, the political changeover allowed modernist high-ranking civil servants to reach key decision-making positions in social policies. They were under the influence of Jacques Delors and of the CFDT union, who both strongly supported collective bargaining. Already in 1981, sicoial reforms were initiated in an atmosphere of rigour, in ordre not to cause irrerversible economic and budgetary slippage. The reduction of working time, developed within the StatePlanning Commision was realized by focusing on decentralized social negotiation and wage moderation. The lowering of the retirement age to 60 years was initially associated with the increase of the contribution period. The Auroux labour laws did not put into question the power of entrepreneurs. Secondly, the inflection point of the Mauroy government policy is actually not to be found in 1983, but in the first half of 1982. After project of the 35 hour working week was scrapped, the fighting against unemployment was no longer a primary objective for the gouvernment. It was then in a dead end with no major reform to achieve. Its agenda was indeed dominated by financial problems (the UNEDIC deficit, which led to a dramatic reduction of unemployment benefits, and retirement fundings), but that does not mean that there was a widespread conversion of socialiste lite to neoliberalism at the time

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Zemanová, Nina. "Prestiž povolání v letech 1995-2013." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340453.

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This thesis "Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013" analyses changes in evaluation of occupational prestige within the era of post-socialistic transformation (1990s) and period of knowledge economy (after 2000). It focuses on latent structures behind prestige evaluation and if these latent structures are influenced by evaluator's social position. A secondary analysis of data from public opinion surveys (IVVM/CVVM) from 1995 to 2013 was carried out. Structure of occupational prestige scale had consolidated from the late 1990s into these groupings: public servants, manual occupations, professional positions important for the society, other non- manual professions and security forces. Further, the author aims to verify the validity of Like-Me hypothesis (people judge occupations that are, according to their class position, similar, as more prestigious than others) and the shared prestige hypothesis (class position doesn't differentiate the evaluations, the notion is rather widely shared). Other factors that have influence on the occupational prestige are analysed, specifically some sociodemographic factors (gender, education, residence size), subjective living standards of households and primarily the historical period (the socialization cohorts) when the person entered the labour market. It was...

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Rajcic, Stjepan Tomislav. "Spatial analysis of crime evolution in Portugal between 1995 and 2013." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14546.

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The main objective of this survey was to perform descriptive analysis of crime evolution in Portugal between 1995 and 2013. The main focus of this survey was to analyse spatial crime evolution patterns in Portuguese NUTS III regions. Most important crime types have been included into analysis. The main idea was to uncover relation between local patterns and global crime evolution; to define regions which have contributed to global crime evolution of some specific crime types and to define how they have contributed. There were many statistical reports and scientific papers which have analysed some particular crime types, but one global spatial-temporal analysis has not been found. Principal Component Analysis and multidimensional descriptive data analysis technique STATIS have been the base of the analysis. The results of this survey has shown that strong spatial and temporal crime patterns exist. It was possible to describe global crime evolution patterns and to define crime evolution patterns in NUTS III regions. It was possible to define three to four groups of crimes where each group shows similar spatial crime dynamics.

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賴瑞郁. "A Meta-Analysis of The Effects of Energy Education Programs for Students: Between 1995~2013." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74hqdn.

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碩士 國立彰化師範大學 工業教育與技術學系 102 This study aims to investigate theeffect of school energyeducationin Taiwan and its impact factors. Regarding themeta-analytic research on school energy education, the current study had collected correlated literature on experimental teaching of energy education from 1995 to 2013. Afterdeleting unqualified samples from research experiment, the researcher had adopted a total of 32 samples to the current study, among which there were the effect size of 90 studies available for analysis. The meta-analytic coding sheet was adopted as the research mothod for classification, then the meta-analytic software CMA was utilized for conversion of the effect size and lastly SPSS was applied for statistical analysis. The following conclusions had been summarized based on the purpose of the study: I. In general, the effect of school energy education had proved to achieve middle-high level of teaching.It is shown to acquire the best effect on the energy recognition. II. In regard to the recognition level, the school energy education had produced middle-high level outcome and the recognition of "relationship between energy and environment” were proved to achieve the best outcome. III. Concerning the attitude level, the school energy education had delivered middle level outcome. It is proved to reflect the best teaching effect on the attitude of energy saving and carbon reduction. IV. With respect to the action level, the teaching of practicing energy saving and carbon reduction had gained middle level outcome. V. As to different subects of school energy education, teaching junior high school students seemed to achieve the best outcome. VI. For different teaching strategies of school energy education, using E-learning was shown to reach the best result. VII. Two important factors as teaching environment and energy literacy of the teachers could influence the teaching effect of energy education.

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Sanchez, Gutierrez Adriana. "Teatralidades y políticas de la memoria y el cuerpo: Patricia Ariza y Nohora Ayala (1995-2013)." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18456.

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La tension politique qui se développait en Colombie depuis les années 40 contre les idéologies conservatrices et les libéraux officieux et dissidents après les élections de 1946, a déclenché un sentiment de mécontentement qui a éclaté le 9 avril 1948 avec l’assassinat de Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, dirigeant libéral à Bogota. Cet événement, connu sous le nom El Bogotazo, provoqua des manifestations violentes, des meurtres, des agressions, de l’harcèlement, de la terreur et des troubles dans tout le pays. Comme conséquence, au cours des années suivantes, les guérillas libérales se sont organisées et pendant une décennie ont laissé plus de 200.000 morts dans le pays et ont provoqué des milliers de migrations rurales vers les grandes villes. Plus tard, certains dirigeants ont formé les guérillas communistes, après l'assassinat de plusieurs ex commandants démobilisés, qui perpétuaient le conflit armé dans le pays, dont certains survivent aujourd'hui. Les FARC, Forces Armées Révolutionnaires de Colombie-Armée Populaire, les plus anciennes du monde, puissantes et nombreuses en Colombie, sont actuellement en pourparlers de paix avec le gouvernement national à La Havane, Cuba. Ces pourparlers de paix sont dans leurs phases finales. L'ELN, l’Armée de Libération Nationale, le deuxième groupe de guérilla en importance et du nombre de combattants en Colombie, est en approchements préliminaires, tendant à entamer des pourparlers de paix avec le gouvernement. Ce conflit a produit un nombre immense de victimes (¡Basta ya!: 2013) et dans ce contexte, les dramaturges et activistes Patricia Ariza et Nohora Ayala proposent un projet artistique qui interroge les actions violentes du pays à partir de la perspective de la femme dans les conflits armés. Leurs productions s’inscrivent dans la création collective du Teatro La Candelaria, où la recherche s’infitre dans l’art de la scène, en déconstruisant la réalité socio-politique et en faisant parler les témoignages. Ainsi, ce travail se prendre sur six œuvres qui explorent les liminalités politico-corporelles qui se déconstruisent dans la mise en scène en tenant compte des réseaux complexes qui sont tissés à partir des femmes et les multiples Antigones créés dans le contexte historique du pays. En outre, l’analyse examine la notion de la corporalité à partir des corps non-absents (victimes de disparition forcée) qui montrent la déterritorialisation des corps dépossédés. Le premier chapitre de la thèse traitée propose une approche théorique centrée sur les concepts de la représentation, du théâtre, de la performance et de la théâtralité politique. Le chapitre mobilise également les notions de corps sans organes et corps dépossédés pour éclairer la coupure épistémologique entre le corps matériel et le corps des disparus dépossédés. Le deuxième chapitre analyse trois œuvres de Patricia Ariza: Antigone (2006), Mujeres en la Plaza (2009) et Somma Mnémosyne (2013), lesquelles montrent un exercice d’artivisme et d'engagement politique par rapport à l'histoire moderne de la Colombie. Le troisième chapitre présente trois œuvres de Nohora Ayala: Fémina ludens (1995), Piel (2010) et Rosas secas (2012) , où l’exploration du corps met en évidence les traces de la mémoire historique du pays. Finalement, le dernier chapitre propose un questionnement face à la réception du spectateur et la théâtralité du pays. The political tension that developed in Colombia since the 40s, between conservative ideologies and, the divergency in the official liberal party and dissident liberal party, brought out a feeling of disagreement that collapsed when Jorge Eliecer Gaitan, leader of dissident party, was killed in Bogota on 9 April 1948. This event, well known as The Bogotazo, unchained violent protests, murders, assaults, harassment, terror and unrest throughout the country. As a result, in the subsequent years the liberal guerrillas were formed and over a decade the conflict ensued in more than 200,000 murders in the country and thousands of rural migrants in the cities. Later, some leaders formed the communist guerrillas who perpetuated the armed conflict in the country, some of them are known today as FARC, the oldest group of guerillas in the world and the most powerful in Colombia, and ELN. Actually, the FARC are in the final negotiation for peace in Havana, Cuba. This violent historical context has produced a staggering statistics of victims (Basta ya!, 2013), in which the artists and activist dramatists, Patricia Ariza and Nohora Ayala propose a new aesthetic that questions the violent actions of the country from women’s perspective. Their theatrical productions are part of the Collective Creation in the Teatro La Candelaria, where the research is faced with the aesthetics of the scene and confronted with the deconstruction of reality counted, telling or testimonials. This dissertation examines six plays by Ariza and Ayala whose political and bodily liminalities deconstruct dominant ideas of history, while illuminating the complex networks surrounding the women and the Antigones produced by the country. I explore the materiality of non-absent bodies (victims of forced disappearance) which exposes the deterritorialization of dispossessed bodies. The first chapter of the thesis discerns recent theoretical approaches to the concepts of representation, theater, performance and political theatricality which I have found pertinent for my examination of the work by Ariza and Ayala. At the same time, I elaborate on the notions of the body without organs and of dispossessed bodies in order to shed light on the epistemological break between the material present body and dispossessed bodies of the disappeared. In the second chapter, I analyze three plays by Patricia Ariza: Antigone (2006), Mujeres en la Plaza (2009) and Somma Mnemosyne (2013), which evince an exercise in artivism and engagement with the political history of Colombia. The third chapter presents three plays of Nohora Ayala: Fémina Ludens (1995), Piel (2010) and Rosas Secas (2012), where the body is part of a radical practice of questioning colombian historical memory. Finally, the concluding chapter examines the role of political and corporeal theatricality in engaging spectators’ critical participation in the work of Ariza and Ayala.

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Gomes, Ana Beatriz Pestana. "Um teatro filosófico e uma filosofia teatral." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/9968.

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Tese de mestrado, Filosofia, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013 Em um reino de espíritos invisíveis uma voz gritou uma condição: VIDA TERRENA. Pensaram os espíritos: aceitamos ou não a condição? Vestiram as roupas-corpo-humano e as máscaras cara-de-homem e entraram no túnel do tempo rumo à condição humana mais elementar: a vida. Insuportavelmente mal comportados, estes espíritos-humanos criaram na Terra novíssimas e diversificadas condições terráqueas e aprenderam até a comunicar-se – LINGUAGEM – por detrás das máscaras. Escutaram por muito tempo a antiga voz agora a dizer: VIDA DO ESPÍRITO; quando diziam: SIM, aprendiam as atividades do espírito: o pensar, o querer e o julgar, quando diziam NÃO, acabavam por dizer SIM às atividades da vita activa: o labor, o trabalho e a ação. Espíritos maléficos, um dia gritaram para a voz: VIDA ATIVA DO ESPÍRITO, e ninguém respondeu. Eles descobriam o segredo - pensou a voz dentro deles - A VOZ saía do lugar de onde eles gritavam… O relógio rodou algumas vezes, e agora, em um reino imaginário, chamado mundo teatral, ouviu-se novamente a voz dizer: A MISSÃO - RECORDAÇÕES DE UMA REVOLUÇÃO! E os espíritos pensaram: a voz voltou para nos enganar. E gritaram: nós já sabemos que você é quem nós somos, pare já com isso! E a voz respondeu: nós já sabemos que você é quem nos somos, pare já com isso! E os espíritos olharam-se espantados. A voz somos nós! A voz somos nós!, disse ela de dentro deles novamente. No teatro estes espíritos-humanos descobriram como (re) descobrirem-se em vida. Esta tese trata essencialmente da vida invisível e da vida visível do ser, as quais Hannah Arendt intitulou de vida do espírito e vita activa, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, a proposta teatral de Heiner Müller é trazida para o estudo com o intuito de seguir com o pensamento em visita em prol da libertação das possibilidades criativas e políticas instaladas no interior de cada indivíduo-espectador-ator a fim de incentivá-las na esfera do convívio entre homens. ABSTRACT: In a kingdom of invisible spirits a voice screamed one proposition: EARTHLY LIFE. The spirits thought together: do we accept or not this proposition? They dressed the human-body-clothing and the man-face masks and they went into the time tunnel towards the more elemental human condition called: life. Unbearably misbehaving these human-spirits created on Earth new and diversified earthly conditions and they learnt how to communicate with each other - LANGUAGE - behind their masks. They listened for a long time to the old voice now saying: LIFE OF THE SPIRIT. When they said YES, were learning the spirit activities: to think, to want and to judge; when they said NO, they ended by saying YES to the vita activa activities: labor, work and action. Evil spirits one day screamed to the voice: THE SPIRIT ACTIVITY LIFE, and no one answered. They discovered the secret - the voice inside them thought - the VOICE came out from where they screamed ... The clock rolled over a few times, and now, in an imaginary kingdom called theatrical world, the voice was heard saying: THE MISSION - MEMORIES OF A REVOLUTION! And the spirits thought the voice had come back to trick them again. And they yelled: we already know that you are who we are, stop now! And the voice answered: we already know that you are who we are, stop now! And the spirits looked at each other surprised. We are the voice! We are the voice!, the voice said again from inside of them. In the theater they discovered how to (re)discover their ways of living. This thesis is essentially about the invisible and visible life of the being, which Hannah Arendt called the life of the mind and the vita activa, respectively. Additionally the theater of Heiner Müller is brought to this search aiming to visit by thought and motivation the liberation of creative possibilities and policies inside each individual- spectator-actor. Out of this a proposal for a social and private life may emerge.

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Sá, Sérgio Miguel Lobo da Conceição Bordalo e. 1976. "Triunfos e contradições da vontade: para uma releitura de Lopes Ribeiro e Leitão de Barros no contexto do cinema de propaganda." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/9191.

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Tese de doutoramento, Estudos Artísticos (Estudos do Cinema e Audiovisual), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013 O objectivo desta dissertação é tentar, através de uma análise fílmica pormenorizada, verificar em que grau é que a mise-en-scène em regimes totalitários pode ser um modo de expressão autoral ou apenas um meio de propaganda ideológica. Partindo de Leni Riefenstahl e Sergei M. Eisenstein (mas também atendendo à importância do cinema histórico mussoliniano), tentámos estabelecer uma hipótese de tipologia que pudesse aplicar-se aos dois cineastas mais representativos do caso português, onde o regime, por causa da sua matriz católica, amiúde negava a designação de “totalitário”, não tendo tido, pelo menos de uma forma óbvia, uma intervenção tão directa sobre a produção cinematográfica como os soviético e nacional-socialista. A escolha de António Lopes Ribeiro e José Leitão de Barros para ilustrar o caso português justifica-se pela maneira como eram vistos pelo Estado Novo de Salazar: Lopes Ribeiro foi considerado o cineasta oficial, depois de ter feito A Revolução de Maio (1937) que, como ele próprio referiu, se destinava a “servir a política de Salazar”; Leitão de Barros estabeleceu, a partir do final dos anos 20, a conexão entre as experiências do modernismo cinematográfico português e, com o apoio discreto do regime, a instauração das bases para a produção cinematográfica que iria vigorar até ao final dos anos 50, sendo a par de Lopes Ribeiro um dos cineastas mais ligados ao poder em vigor. The purpose of this dissertation is to try to verify, through a rather detailed film analysis, to what extent mise en scène can express, in the context of totalitarian regimes, the view of an auteur or just serve as a means for ideological propaganda. Departing from the examples of Leni Riefenstahl and Sergei M. Eisenstein (but also having in mind the relevance of mussolinian historic films) we tried to establish an hypothesis of a typology which could be applied to the two most representative filmmakers in the Portuguese case, where the regime due to its catholic roots, often denied being totalitarian, without a direct intervention on film production, at least in such an obvious way as in the cases of the Soviet Union or the National-Socialist Germany. The choice of António Lopes Ribeiro and José Leitão de Barros to illustrate the Portuguese case is justified by the manner they were actually seen by Salazar’s Estado Novo: Lopes Ribeiro was considered the official filmmaker, after having directed A Revolução de Maio (1937) which, as he himself stated, was conceived to “serve Salazar’s politics”; Leitão de Barros established, from the final years of the 1920’s on, the link between the experiences of Portuguese film modernism and the basis, with the somewhat discreet support of the regime, for the dominant cinematic production until the late 1950’s, being together with Lopes Ribeiro, one of the names more often connected with the Estado Novo. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)

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Forrest, Karen Anne. "Power,independance and worker democracy in the development of the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA) and its predecessors: 1980-1995." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2013.

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Student Number : 0376246 - PhD thesis - School of Humanities - Faculty of Arts This thesis examines the building of power and how workers’ control and union independence augmented or detracted from this process in the National Union of Metalworkers and its predecessors from the 1980s to the mid 1990s. These unions aimed to accrue power to improve both their members’ working conditions and to effect political and economic transformation. In this process the building of non-racial national industrial unions that cut across the ethnically constituted state, the promotion of workers’ control, and political independence from formal political organisations were central. This thesis demonstrates how Numsa and its predecessors overcame obstacles to the accrual of power and scrutinizes reasons for failures in achieving pivotal ideological goals. In the early 1980s Numsa’s predecessors constructed greater degrees of democratic organizational and bureaucratic power. The formation of Numsa in 1987 allowed for the further construction of an efficient bureaucracy to support organizational and bargaining activities. It successfully forged national bargaining forums and built hegemony across the industry. In 1993 Numsa adopted a programme through which it hoped to restructure its industries in the transitional period leading up to a new democracy. It failed however to successfully implement the programme in its entirety. Tensions emerged in union goals as membership remained focused on increased wages whilst leadership was attempting to restructure industry, enhance worker skills and augment workers’ control in the workplace. In the political sphere Numsa was largely unable to effect a deeper infusion of its socialist leanings. Though Numsa and other Cosatu unions made an important contribution to the birth of a non-racial democracy, the capitalist state succeeded in demobilizing the trade unions in their pursuit of more fundamental systemic change. By the time Numsa produced the concept of a Reconstruction Accord, later developed into the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), the space to popularise a socialist perspective had been considerably reduced. Although Numsa forewent its early `party autonomous` position when Cosatu entered the ANC/SACP alliance, this was clearly far from a `state ancillary` stance. Though labour had won the right to be consulted in Nedlac and the right to strike, the possibility of dissent being diverted into bureaucratic chambers existed with a consequent loss of militant, strategic and ideological focus. Key words: trade union power, workers control, trade union independence, National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), National Automobile & Allied Workers Union (Naawu), Metal & Allied Workers Union (Mawu), Motor Industry Combined Workers Union (Micwu), post 1980 metal unions, metal union politics, metal union bargaining, metal union organisation, trade union alliances, trade unions and violence

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Pinto, Tiago Alexandre Palaré Barros. "O arquivo do Centro de História da F.L.U.L.: memória institucional e catálogo (1954-1995)." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/12272.

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Tese de mestrado, Ciências da Documentação e Informação Arquivística, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013 Este trabalho teve como objectivo a reconstituição do arquivo definitivo do Centro de História da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, com vista à organização e realização do seu catálogo. Neste intuito dividiu-se o trabalho em duas fases. O primeiro momento do trabalho empreendeu o estudo da instituição. Iniciou-se com um estudo sobre o Curso Superior de Letras e a Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa de forma a compreender a relação entre o ensino da História e a investigação, que posteriormente irá dar lugar ao aparecimento do Centro de História. Estudaram-se, também, os organismos que tutelaram a investigação científica em Portugal, como o Instituto de Alta Cultura. O estudo destas instituições torna-se indispensável para a compreensão da dinâmica do Centro, sempre condicionado por estas, ao nível da tutela científica e financeira. Por fim foi apresentada a evolução orgânica do Centro de História, com base na bibliografia, e recorrendo, pontualmente, à documentação tratada. Numa segunda fase procedeu-se ao reconhecimento de toda a documentação para aferir o seu conteúdo, bem como o seu estado de conservação. Efectuada a classificação, que permitiu a subsequente construção do quadro de classificação, foi depois elaborada a descrição documental e a construção do catálogo. Finalmente realizou-se a higienização dos documentos e a sua carimbagem. ABSTRACT: This thesis aims the reconstitution of the Centro de História da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa historical archive, in order to organize and elaborate their catalogue. So the work was divided into two phases. The first step of this work was to study the institution. Started by doing a study of the Curso Superior de Letras and Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa in order to understand the relationship between the teaching of History and research, that later will give rise to the appearance of the Centro de História. Then was researched the guardianship agencies of the scientific research in Portugal, as the Instituto de Alta Cultura. The study of guardianship agencies is necessary to understand the dynamics of the Centro de História, always conditioned by such scientific and financial institutions of guardianship. Finally, was intended to make the organic evolution of the Centro de História, based on bibliography collected about it and in his archive. In a second phase, it was made the recognition of the documents to assess its contents, as well its state of conservation. Later was been made the classification, which allowing the subsequent construction of the classification plan, the next procedure was elaborating the description of the documents and the construction of the catalogue. Finally was been made the cleanliness and the sealing of the documentation.

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