Dissertations / Theses: '1996-2016'

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Järvenson, Gustav. "Tillväxt och konvergens inom Sverige, 1996 - 2016." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165078.

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Inom tillväxtteori finns begreppet konvergens. Konvergens innebär att länder och regioner konvergerar mot gemensamma ekonomiska nivåer. Om konvergens existerar finns ett negativt samband mellan den initiala storleken på landets ekonomi samt dess tillväxttakt. Detta innebär att länder och regioner med till exempel initialt låga BNP-nivåer uppvisar en högre tillväxttakt än redan starka regioner. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om det går att urskilja någon form av ekonomisk konvergens mellan Sveriges län åren 1996 – 2016. För att undersöka detta estimeras en regressionsmodell där samtliga län inkluderas. Den beroende variabeln är BRP-tillväxt och den huvudsakliga förklarande variabeln är BRP-nivå. Resultatet uppvisar ett negativt samband mellan BRP-tillväxt och BRP-nivå för den studerade tidsperioden. Detta innebär att det finns belägg för att det mellan åren 1996 och 2016 fanns en ekonomisk konvergens mellan Sveriges 21 olika län. Resultatet ligger i linje med tidigare studier samt den teori som finns på området.

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Briganti, Carlotta. "Publicidad y Cultura: Navidad de 1996 y 2016 con Coca-Cola." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Este trabajo presenta el análisis tanto lingüístico como cultural de dos anuncios publicitarios de Coca-Cola, realizados para ser emitidos durante el periodo navideño. Se trata del anuncio de Navidad de 1996 y de Navidad de 2016. Estos dos anuncios fueron emitidos en diferentes países del mundo, entre ellos: Italia, España y Brasil que son el núcleo de este trabajo. Se analizan principalmente las diferencias y similitudes entre los anuncios de cada país.

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Bartoň, Lukáš. "Vývoj mediálního mixu od roku 1996 s výhledem do roku 2016." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5047.

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The thesis is focused on analyzing the media mix development from 1996 with prediction of 2016. The theoretical part characterizes particular media (classification, efficiency and their advantage). I analyze both media mix and macroeconomics trend in the practical part because I assume that this two factors influence each other. As future development prediction I compare the questionnaire result to statistic simulated data.

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Jernudd, Wilhelmsson Ylva. "Fysisk aktivitet på recept? : Artiklar i Läkartidningen under 20 år.(1996-2016)." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149818.

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This paper investigates how articles in Läkartidningen concerning the importance of physical activity have been formulated over the last twenty years. The paper analyses not only how a possible discursive change in the contents of the articles has occurred, but also how an attitude change among doctors can be detected. This is reflected in the increased amount of prescribed physical activity (“FaR”) that is notable during the investigated time period and thus could be considered a variable of effect.

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Peterka, Šimon. "Chudoba ve vybraných rozvojových zemích v letech 1996 - 2016 – daří se problémy řešit?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358896.

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This master's thesis deals with the topic of poverty in developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of the thesis is to identify the factors of poverty in this region and suggest possible solutions to the problem. The main causes of deprivation in the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are deemed to be the governance system, war conflicts, dependence on natural resources and an insufficiently diversified economy. All these factors are applied to the example of Nigeria, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon. In order to make aid from more advanced countries more effective, it is proposed to participate more in the resolution of conflicts as a mediator in the negotiation, rather than trying to reform the developing countries politically.

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Hernández, Piferrer Jordi. "El triomf de l'emissor: l'ús de les fonts periodístiques a la premsa gironina (1996-2016)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667625.

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In journalism, the use of sources of information is one of the main criteria to evaluate the quality of a product. The development of news based on many sources is the best way, not only to guarantee the quality of the information, but also to represent in the most accurate way the diversity of society. However, in recent years we’ve observed the rise of several organized information sources that have increased its capacity to access media agenda. But, how this situation affects local journalism? This doctoral thesis aims to study, both in quantity and quality, the use of sources of information in the production of news about the six main cities of the Girona Province (Girona, Salt, Figueres, Olot, Blanes i Lloret de Mar) in the two most important local newspapers during the period between 1996 and 2016. Les fonts periodístiques són un dels elements principals per avaluar la qualitat d’un producte periodístic. El desenvolupament d’informacions amb pluralitat de fonts informatives és la millor manera de garantir, no només la qualitat del producte, sinó també la correcta representació de la diversitat social. Tanmateix, en els darrers anys hem assistit a una proliferació de fonts d’informació organitzades que han incrementat la seva capacitat per accedir a l’agenda temàtica dels mitjans. Fins a quin punt aquest fenomen es reprodueix en un entorn informatiu com el local, amb les seves pròpies característiques? La present tesi doctoral estudia de manera quantitativa i qualitativa l’ús de les fonts periodístiques en l’elaboració d’informació sobre les sis principals ciutats de la Província de Girona (Girona, Salt, Figueres, Olot, Blanes i Lloret de Mar) en els dos diaris locals de més importància de la demarcació en el període entre 1996 i 2016

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Rubí, González Yesenia. "Modelo econométrico de demanda de carne de pollo en la Ciudad de México, 1996-2016." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98775.

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Se estimó un modelo lineal multivariable, con regresión múltiple, para explicar el efecto de variables económicas sobre el comportamiento de la demanda de carne de pollo en la CDMX, considerando datos del periodo 1996-2016. Los resultados permitieron concluir que las hipótesis de teoría económica de la demanda se cumplieron, el modelo fue significativo tanto estadística como económicamente.

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Oppenheim, Vicki Ann. "Public Market Trade Areas: Local Goods, Farmers, and Community in the U.S. Southwest Region, 1996-2016." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157534/.

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The number of public markets in the United States increased from more than 300 in the 1970s to more than 8,600 by 2016. This increase in markets is related to changes in food production, localism and the local food systems movement, socioeconomic changes, cultural changes, and perceptions of embeddedness. Research on the underlying conditions for the success of public markets is scant in the United States, and especially in the USDA Southwest Region. This study provides analysis of public market locations as compared with non-market locations by drive-time trade areas during a 20-year period, 1996 and 2016, to gain further insights into factors leading to their success. The results from logit regression analyses and simulations of socioeconomic, college-town status, and climate-grid classifications find an increased likelihood of public markets with population, education, college town status, and some climate-grid locations. Median income, surprisingly, has an inverse relationship with public market success. Qualitative data and a literature review point to three types of embeddedness that motivate customers to attend public markets. This study concludes that "local nontradable consumer goods" tied to place are offered at these "nontradable consumption amenities." These amenities are "third places" that promote social interaction and become important places of community, farmer support, and commerce across the Southwest Region.

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Wesolowski, Emil, and Hilda Arneback. "Blod som toppar. En analys av vinnarbilder i World Press Photo och Årets Bild 1996-2016." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30008.

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Ambitionen med denna studie var att undersöka vad som i bildjournalistiska tävlingssammanhang anses vara eftersträvansvärt och därigenom blottlägga normer och ideal inom den bildjournalistiska professionen. Vi har tittat på tävlingar som en i en rad av normgivande mekanismer och de ideal som speglas i denna form. Undersökningen bestod av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. I den kvantitativa delen tittade vi på bland annat på vilka teman som gestaltas i vinnarbilder från internationella World Press Photo samt svenska Årets Bild mellan åren 1996–2016. I den kvalitativa delen gjorde vi sedan nedslag i de vanligast förekommande temakategorierna i respektive tävling med en semiotisk bildanalys. Resultaten visade på samma tendenser som tidigare forskning har konstaterat, nämligen att krig var det vanligast förekommande temat i båda tävlingarna. Men en viss skillnad gick också att se, vinnarbilder i World Press Photo representerade ett färre antal teman och det näst största temat var sociala problem, medan Årets Bild hade en större representation och andraplatsen delades av tre teman: brott/terrorism, naturkatastrof/klimathot och framstående personer. Den kvalitativa analysen visade att drabbade barn och sörjande anhöriga var två återkommande innehåll i bilder på temat krig.

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Chiti, Camilla. "I cambiamenti nel panorama della danza in Russia tra gli anni 1996 e 2016 attraverso la rivista Balet." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14167/.

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Questo elaborato propone una riflessione sul panorama contemporaneo della danza in Russia, ricostruito attraverso le pagine della rivista bimestrale "Balet", unica rivista del settore riconosciuta a livello statale. Lo scopo dell’elaborato è quello di analizzare i cambiamenti avvenuti tra gli anni 1996 e 2016 nel mondo della danza, in particolare nell'ambito della danza classica e contemporanea, e di presentare i problemi insorti negli stessi anni a causa di una difficoltà di sintesi tra tradizione e innovazione, legata anche allo sviluppo della società contemporanea. Nella prima parte dell’elaborato viene presentata la rivista "Balet", contestualizzandone la nascita e lo sviluppo fino ad arrivare al giorno d’oggi. Il primo e secondo capitolo sono dedicati alle due tendenze principali riscontrabili nel mondo della danza: da un lato, la progressiva affermazione dello stile contemporaneo nel repertorio dei teatri e nelle competizioni; dall'altro, la necessità sempre più urgente di conservare la cosiddetta «eredità classica». La riflessione si chiude con un capitolo dedicato ai problemi derivanti da una difficile convivenza nel panorama della danza russo tra tradizione e innovazione.

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FREITAS, M. M. "O ensino em valores nos dispositivos curriculares para a educação física: das intencionalidades às prescrições didáticas (1996-2016)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7173.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:36:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10445_Dissertação. Matheus Marin de Freitas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ed.Física (1).pdf: 1121932 bytes, checksum: bc3eaff930da3e4d46028418d33b4f4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 Neste estudo investigamos como o ensino em valores tem sido proposto para a Educação Física escolar a partir de documentos curriculares vinculados às Secretarias Estaduais de Educação no território brasileiro, elaborados entre 1996 e 2016. Desse modo, organizamos três capítulos que dialogam entre si e que possuem uma abordagem plurimetodológica qualitativa/quantitativa. No primeiro capítulo, produzimos um levantamento dos documentos curriculares, apresentando e analisando suas características de elaboração e implementação. Ao alcançar 68 documentos, demos visibilidade à procedência anual e territorial, as etapas da educação que se direcionam, seus conteúdos, suas nomenclaturas, além de seus aspectos autorais e de implementação. No segundo capítulo, a partir do que foi proposto para a Educação Física nesses materiais, enunciamos suas intencionalidades quanto ao ensino em valores a partir da indicação das terminologias empregadas para esse ensino e o lugar em que ele aparece no currículo. Além disso, com o auxílio do software Iramuteq, após selecionar frases associadas aos valores, destacamos os vocábulos mais recorrentes, os classificando por meio da nuvem de palavras e análise de similitude. No terceiro capítulo, do total de documentos, analisamos aqueles que, além de apresentarem conteúdos destinados às aulas de Educação Física, forneceram possibilidades de seu ensino via prescrições didáticas, materializadas em aulas, temas, projetos e atividades, por exemplo. Por meio desses documentos, expomos os tipos de prescrições didáticas existentes e problematizamos como foram orientadas/organizadas as sistematizações para o ensino em valores. Os dados evidenciaram um crescente investimento em políticas públicas na produção desse tipo de material, em especial a partir da segunda metade da década de 2000. Quanto aos valores, verificamos que esses currículos expressam seu ensino sobretudo pelos termos valores e atitudes, conteúdo atitudinal e por expressões associadas com a afetividade, materializados em especial nas competências e habilidades. Por fim, quanto à sua sistematização, observamos um destaque para o ensino em valores que leva mais em consideração a verbalização, atribuindo pouca ênfase na experiência corporal dos sujeitos.

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Chewachong, Amos Bongadu. "Intra-African Pentecostalism and the dynamics of power : the Living Faith Church worldwide (Winners' Chapel) in Cameroon, 1996-2016." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23499.

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The embeddedness of Pentecostal/Charismatic tenets within contemporary global frameworks of transnational power reveals the ability of religion to shape the sociocultural and spiritual experiences of people on the move from one place to another. For this reason, sociologists of religion and scholars of World Christianity have noted the rapid missionary expansion of African Pentecostal/Charismatic movements to the northern hemisphere. Some have even referred to the missionary work of non-western forms of Christianity in the western world as the ‘Southernisation of European Christianity’. But if the aggressive strategies adopted by African Pentecostal/Charismatic churches in the western diaspora are intended to reawaken Christianity in Europe, what then is the motivation for intra-African Pentecostal/Charismatic movements in traversing national boundaries, with their distinctive version of the Christian faith, making Africa a theatre in which Christian missionaries are both sent and received? This thesis examines the intra-African missionary praxis of a highly influential Nigerian Pentecostal/Charismatic church, the Winners’ Chapel, and its accompanying power dynamics in Cameroon from 1996 to 2016. Using a qualitative research approach, the study examines the character of transnational Pentecostal/Charismatic movements in Africa, using Winners’ Chapel in Cameroon as a case study. After an investigation of the emergence of the church, the study examines the various strategies used to achieve and maintain control of the mother church in Nigeria over its daughter church in Cameroon, such as the deployment of Nigerian missionaries, the use of Nigerian-defined Winners’ Chapel tenets in Cameroon, the place of sermons and testimonies, and the role of the media. The thesis studies the conflicts of loyalty and contestations that emerge between Nigerian Winners’ Chapel missionaries to Cameroon and their Cameroonian colleagues in Cameroon. It concludes with an assessment of how far Winners’ Chapel can be said to contribute to the provision of social capital and empowerment in Cameroon. The findings in this study provide a significant and original contribution to the understanding of how power dynamics can operate within complex relationships between transnational Pentecostal/Charismatic actors (missionaries), and their receiving countries colleagues in the continent of Africa. It also contributes to the literature on African Pentecostalism but offers fresh insights into the encounters, contestations, and resistance that emerge between ‘founder-owners’ and recruited workers of intra-African Pentecostal/Charismatic Movements. By appropriating international relations concepts such as Joseph Nye’s ideas of ‘soft power’ and concepts in the sociology of religion such as Peggy Levitt’s ‘remittances’, popularised by Afe Adogame, the study potentially unveils the nexus between international relations, the sociology of religion and development within Pentecostalist transnational discourses in Africa.

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Nippgen, Amanda. "Är graviditet fortfarande det bästa botemedlet? : En kritisk diskursanalys av hur kvällspressen skriver om endometrios under åren 1996–2016." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Svenska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37529.

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Denna uppsats presenterar en kritisk diskursanalytisk studie av den svenska kvällspressens artiklar om endometrios. Det empiriska materialet består av 23 stycken artiklar från åren 1996 till 2016. Studiens övergripande syfte är att synliggöra hur sjukdomen och de drabbade som lider av den porträtteras samt medias makt att skapa, upprätthålla eller förändra diskurserna om endometrios. För att uppnå detta utgår uppsatsen från tre teoretiska perspektiv: 1) kvinnors smärta och sjukdomar har inte uppmärksammats medicinhistoriskt. 2) det feministiska perspektivet att detta beror på könsmaktsordningen, 3) medias makt att påverka samhället. Med en socialkonstruktivistisk syn på språk undersöks situationskontexten och artiklarnas makro- och mikroteman. Detta utgör sedan den kritiska diskursanalysen. Resultatet visar att pressen mestadels skriver utförligt om än förenklat om endometrios. Kvinnornas smärta beskrivs som allvarlig, men endometrios framställs också många gånger som ett fertilitetsproblem. Diskurser som visats i tidigare forskning om kvinnors smärta och sjukdomar kunde ses. Under tidsperioden synliggörs även en förändring vad gäller medias beskrivning av endometrios och det diskursiva perspektivet. Den medicinska informationen om sjukdomen blir mer korrekt och den diskursiva förändringen mer feministiskt vinklad. This thesis presents a critical discourse analysis of how the Swedish tabloids write about endometriosis. The empirical material consists of 23 articles which focus on the disease endometriosis, published between the years of 1996–2016. The thesis’ overall aim is to examine how the disease and individuals who suffer from it are portrayed, and what power the press has to create, maintain or change discourses of endometriosis. To achieve this the thesis uses three theoretical perspectives: 1) women’s pain and diseases have not been acknowledged in the medical history, 2) the feministic perspective, that this depends on the gender order, and 3) the press’ ability to affect society. Guided by a social constructive understanding of language, the thesis analyses the situation context and the articles’ themes on a micro and macro level, which is later constructed into the critical discourse analysis. The result shows that the press mostly writes detailed, although simplified information regarding endometriosis. The pain women experience is described as severe, but endometriosis is also often portrayed mostly as a fertility problem. Discourses shown in previous articles about the pain and diseases in women could be seen in the articles. However, a change can be noted during the investigated time period, both considering the press’ description of endometriosis and the discursive perspective. The information about the disease gets more medical correct and the discursive change tends to have a more feministic approach.

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Magalhães, Sérgio Lemos de. "Multiplicadores fiscais em condições de choques de oferta ou demanda: uma análise da economia brasileira entre 1996 e 2016." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18108.

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Submitted by Sérgio Magalhães (lm_sergio@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-16T18:49:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação MPE_Sérgio Lemos de Magalhães_Multiplicadores Fiscais_vf.pdf: 526886 bytes, checksum: 7b7ef2399e09cafeb2990ea538927574 (MD5) Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Sérgio, boa noite Por gentileza, rever a formatação do trabalho pois não está de acordo com as normas da ABNT. Verifique o link abaixo, na opção Normas para Apresentação de Monografias, a partir da página 11 onde consta um modelo detalhado de como deve estar o trabalho. Lembramos que os trabalhos devem estar de acordo com as Normas da ABNT ou as Normas da APA: http://sistema.bibliotecas-sp.fgv.br/bkab_normalizacao Grata, on 2017-03-16T22:49:18Z (GMT) Submitted by Sérgio Magalhães (lm_sergio@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-27T11:11:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoSergioLemos_versão ABNT.pdf: 947842 bytes, checksum: 885e9c52e2428b7002684ff8d6311a5f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-29T16:51:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoSergioLemos_versão ABNT.pdf: 947842 bytes, checksum: 885e9c52e2428b7002684ff8d6311a5f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T16:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoSergioLemos_versão ABNT.pdf: 947842 bytes, checksum: 885e9c52e2428b7002684ff8d6311a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 The work evaluates the behavior of the Brazilian government spending fiscal multiplier between 1996 and 2116. Through a SVAR model, it was analyzed the behavior of the multiplier given a shock in government spending. In addition to the analysis of the standard model, it was also possible to measure, using dummy variables the impact of: the state of the economy, below and above the natural product, and given the present shock, demand or supply. As presented by the national and international literature, the results reflected better performance in the economy in times of product below its potential and in a situation of demand shock. Although it had more favorable results it still lower than 1, demonstrating low efficacy of the multiplier, in which it was pointed out structural situations of the Brazilian economy such as the high indebtedness and public spending as possible vectors of loss of efficiency. Finally, the study evidenced the behavior of the multiplier in a specific situation of negative supply shock in which we had results higher than 1, indicating that the multiplier should be analyzed in certain circumstances. O trabalho avalia o comportamento do multiplicador fiscal brasileiro de consumo do governo entre os anos de 1996 a 2116. Através de um modelo SVAR analisou-se o comportamento do multiplicador dado um choque no gasto do governo. Além da análise do modelo padrão ainda realizou-se a criação de variáveis dummies mensurando: o estado da economia, abaixo e acima do produto natural, e dado o choque presente, demanda ou oferta. Tal como apresentado pela literatura nacional e internacional os resultados refletiram melhor desempenho na economia em momentos de produto abaixo de seu potencial e em situação de choque de demanda. Apesar de resultados mais favoráveis ainda sim foram inferiores a 1, demonstrando baixa eficácia do multiplicador, no qual foi apontado situações estruturais da economia brasileira tal como o elevado endividamento e gasto publico como possíveis vetores de perda de eficiência. Por fim, o estudo evidenciou o comportamento do multiplicador em situação específica de choque negativo de oferta em que tivemos resultados superiores a 1, indicando que o multiplicador deve ser analisado em determinadas circunstância.

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Bertacini, Maridalva Oliveira Amorim. "A Coordenação Pedagógica no Sistema Municipal de São José do Rio Preto(1996-2016) : especificidades da trajetória histórico-normativa /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183506.

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Orientador: Marta Leandro da Silva Banca: Ricardo Ribeiro Banca: João Ernesto Nicoleti Resumo: Esta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, investiga e analisa a trajetória histórico-normativa da coordenação pedagógica no recém-criado sistema municipal de ensino de São José do Rio Preto pós-publicação da LDB 9394/96 (no período de 1996 a 2016). Mais diretamente, este estudo evidencia as especificidades (perfil ocupacional) e as atribuições do Coordenador Pedagógico, cujo provimento para compor o quadro funcional de especialista da educação ocorre por meio de concurso público, consoante o Estatuto do Magistério dessa cidade. Dentre as prerrogativas do cargo, destacamos a formação continuada em serviço, na qual se encontram o processo de reflexão sobre sua prática/experiências pedagógicas, a elaboração do projeto pedagógico do município, bem como a atuação na formação dos profissionais da educação (docentes). A este último item é dado ênfase ao delimitarmos o percurso formativo do município, considerando os desafios e as perspectivas expressos na trajetória político-normativa, que envolvem o coordenador pedagógico como agente para a formulação/efetivação da política de formação continuada. Ainda, mostramos um quadro comparativo entre a estrutura organizacional-pedagógica da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo e da Secretaria Municipal da Educação de São José do Rio Preto. Por fim, no presente trabalho, apresentamos o espaço identificado e reconhecido do Coordenador Pedagógico no sistema municipal de ensino dessa cidade, ressaltando suas atribuições quanto à análise dia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: This research, of qualitative nature, investigates and analyzes the historical-normative path of the pedagogic coordination in the newly created municipal system of public education of São José do Rio Preto post-publication of LDB 9394/96 (in the period of 1996 to 2016). More directly, this study evidences the specificities (occupational profile) and the Pedagogic Coordinator's attributions, whose filling of the position as a specialist of the education staff happens through public contest, consonant the Statute of the Teaching of that city. Among the prerogatives of that position, the continuous formation in service is distinguished, in which it is found the reflection process on the coordinator's pedagogic practice/experiences, the elaboration of the pedagogic project of the municipal district, as well as the performance in the professionals of education (teachers) formation. To this last item emphasis is given to when it is delimited the formative course of the municipal district, considering the challenges and the perspectives expressed in the political-normative path, that involve the pedagogic coordinator as an agent for the formulation/achievement of the politics of continuous formation. Still, a comparative picture is shown among the organizational-pedagogic structure of the São Paulo Secretary of Education and of the São José do Rio Preto Secretary of Education. Finally, in the present work, it is identified and recognized the Pedagogic Coordinator's space in the mun... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Källman, Marie, and Elin Fellman. "Kvinnor i olympiaden. En jämförande studie av kvinnors representation och framställning i media under OS-åren 1996 och 2016." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133825.

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Abstract Women in the olympics - A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the representation and portayal of female athletes in the olympics The purpose of the study was to examine how often female athletes occur in swedish sports media and how they are portrayed, in comparison to male athletes. The years studied was 1996 and 2016. Since the female participants increased over those twenty years it was interesting to see if the media followed that development. The study is based on earlier research such as Natalie Koivula and her concepts of the trivialization, infantilization and ambivalens of female athletes. Some theories used in the study is agenda setting, discourse analysis and different gender theories by, among others, Hirdman, Butler and Conell & Pearse. A quantitative and a qualitative analysis has been used in order to determine the representation and portrayal of female athletes. Over 400 articles about the olympics from the newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen was coded using a content analysis to identify how often female athletes occur in comparison to men. For the discourse analysis 12 articles, three from every newspaper and year was coded using both theories and earlier research. The result shows that there was a difference in both representation and portrayal between men and women in 1996, with men overrepresented in both team sports and individual sports. In 2016 there the results show a complete reversal with women overrepresented in all sports. There was a clear difference in the portrayal of female and male athletes in 1996, where womens looks were described more often than their sporting efforts. In 2016 however the portrayal of women were more similar to men, with a few exceptions. The results of the study from 1996 can be explained by the patriarchal structures that our society is built on. Although the patriarchy still is present it is clear to see that feminism and gender issues have affected the society over the last twenty years, giving female athletes a better chance to be represented and portrayed equally to male athletes.

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Jeng, Alagie Malick. "Studying the Relationship between Corruption and Poverty, Public Debt, and Economic Growth : A Case Study of the Gambia (1996-2016)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246034.

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This paper studies the relationship between corruption and poverty, public debt, and economic growth in the Gambia, to be estimated with data from 1992 to 2016 accessed from the World Bank database using the multiple regression analysis. While extensive literature has agreed on the damaging nature of corruption, not many have tested the relation between corruption and poverty, public debt and economic growth. This thesis intends to bridge the gap in the literature through contributing a study of the relationship of corruption and poverty, public debt, and economic growth in the Gambia during the time period 1996-2016. Results indicate that corruption has a positive statistical and significant relationship with poverty in Gambia. However, the relationship between corruption and economic growth and public debt are statically insignificant. In policy terms, the Gambia must increase the fight against corruption to make their public expenditure more productive and especially to minimise poverty.

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Attah, T. "Halls without walls : perpetuation, development & dissemination of the discourse on blues music and blues culture in the digital age (1996-2016)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2016. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/41648/.

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This study presents an overview of the effects of technological mediation and specifically, digital remediation, on the discourse on blues music and blues culture since the introduction of the world-wide web in 1989, and the proliferation of computer-mediated communications (CMC) from 1996. In other words, blues music and blues culture undergo transformations of form and circulation when oral practices are first committed to text as sheet music. Further evolutions occur as performances are remediated as phonograph records and through various broadcast media during the 20th century. Each successive transformation generates discourses of authenticity, ownership and value which enable and constrain definitions of the blues aesthetic. These discourses have remained largely unexamined as part of the latest cycle of remediation to digital formats and computer-mediated virtual environments since 1996. This study presents the results of examination on key sites using online ethnography, critical discourse analysis, interview and online survey in order to better understand and illustrate the development, dissemination and perpetuation of blues music and blues culture in the digital age. Specifically, this study considers the ways that blues music and blues culture are perpetuated and affected by computer-mediated communications from the perspectives of performers, cultural workers and consumers, asking what challenges are made manifest in the present by digitally mediated representations of the past. The study finds that unequal power structures and differentiated notions of individual agency predicated on race, which are inherent in the socio-political construction of the physical world, are reproduced in contemporary on-line and virtual spaces facilitated by information communications technology (ICT) and computer-mediated communications (CMC). These spaces include the multi-media social networking site Facebook, text-based forums and newsgroups, and the music and video service YouTube. The study offers suggestions for how this might be addressed in future, and proposes further areas of research in the field, specifically focussing on the interaction of blues music and blues culture with ICT and CMC.

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Puicón, Che Carlos Daniel. ""Fundamentos para la construcción de un concepto objetivo de servicio público económico a partir de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional (años 1996 a 2016)"." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9950.

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La teoría del servicio público ha servido como sustento para la intervención del Estado en la actividad económica, respecto del cual no se ha tenido una definición unívoca sino que se ha presentado a través de la historia distintas nociones. Frente a dicha situación, la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional se presenta como una fuente jurídica que permite abordar la teoría del servicio público de una manera sistemática y de aplicación concreta a la realidad peruana. El objetivo de la tesis es determinar y analizar la construcción propuesta de la noción de servicio público realizada por la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en relación al rol del Estado y el contexto económico de nuestro país. Por ello, la hipótesis de trabajo es que la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional ha moldeado un nuevo concepto de servicio público, dejando atrás la noción clásica o tradicional. Noción que se encuentra más acorde a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico como resultado de un proceso de liberalización de la economía y el nuevo rol del Estado. Para ello se realiza el desarrollo histórico de la noción de servicio público para determinar sus fines y objetivos dentro de un contexto determinado. Se estudia el régimen jurídico de la Comunidad Europea respecto de los servicios de interés general y cómo es que éste plantea nuevos objetivos y características para la noción de servicio público. Y se realiza un estudio sistemático de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional para definir los alcances y características del concepto de servicio público y sus implicancias en el contexto socio económico peruano. Como resultado de ello se ha permitido encontrar un concepto de servicio público objetivo y de corte económico que excluye a la titularidad del Estado como característica principal, así como también se proponen nuevos supuestos para determinar qué actividades pueden ser catalogadas como servicio público. Tesis

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Chevrier, Alexis Julieth. "Representaciones de las y los afrodescendientes en los discursos y la iconografía de los textos escolares colombianos de Ciencias Sociales entre los decenios 1996-2016." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0063.

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Les manuels scolaires sont plus que de supports exclusivement pédagogiques au service du huit clos de la salle de cours. Leur richesse se constate dans la façon de raconter le témoignage d'une époque. Ils servent aussi à véhiculer le discours d'une élite dominante, ainsi que reproduire des pratiques de représentation. Les enjeux des sciences sociales sont en accord avec des enjeux éthiques, politiques, sociaux, culturels et civiques qui renvoient à la définition de nation. Dans notre sujet de recherche nous avons l'ambition de rendre évident les représentations identitaires des afro-descendants à l'intérieur du discours et de l'iconographie des manuels scolaires colombiens de la période 1996-2016. Pour se faire, nous mettons en exergue plusieurs expériences éducatives et quelques projets entrepris par des acteurs sociaux et éducatifs. Ceux-ci proposent des changements sur le système éducatif colombien et la « réintégration ontologique » et politique des peuples noirs. A partir d'une étude transdisciplinaire, nous prendrons en tant que support théorique la représentation, les études décoloniales, afro-diasporiques et la sociologie de l'éducation qui veux répondre aux questions suivantes : comment est représentée l'identité des peuples afro-descendants colombiens dans le discours et l’iconographie des manuels scolaires, de 1996 à 2016 dans une Colombie définie en tant que nation pluriethnique et multiculturelle ?, de quelle façon les manuels scolaires colombiens rendent compte des transformations sociales et politiques dans les programmes scolaires officielles ?, quelles sont les propositions des communautés afro-descendants, des enseignants, des activistes, et des acteurs sociaux qui habitent la Région du fleuve Atrato, les villes de Medellin et Bogotá ? Textbooks are more than just educational materials for the eight closets of the classroom. Their richness can be seen in the way of telling the testimony of an era. They also serve to convey the discourse of dominant elite, as well as to reproduce practices of representation. Social science issues are in line with ethical, political, social, cultural and civic issues that refer to the definition of nation. In our research topic we aim to make visible the identity representations of Afro-descendants within the discourse and iconography of Colombian textbooks from 1996-2016. To do so, we highlight several educational experiences and some projects undertaken by social and educational actors. These propose changes to the Colombian education system and the "ontological reintegration" and politics of the black peoples. From a transdisciplinary study, we will take as a theoretical support the representation, the decolonial, Afro-diasporic studies and the sociology of education that want to answer the following questions: how is represented the identity of Afro-descendant peoples Colombians in the discourse and iconography of textbooks, from 1996 to 2016 in a Colombia defined as a multi-ethnic and multicultural nation ?, how do Colombian textbooks report social and political transformations in official school curricula? What are the proposals of Afro-descendant communities, teachers, activists, and social actors living in the Atrato River Region, the cities of Medellin and Bogotá?

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Tonelo, Daniel. "Formação de agenda e políticas de educação tecnológica de nível superior : estudo da trajetória recente das Faculdades de Tecnologia do Estado de São Paulo - 1996-2016." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Adalberto Mantovani Martiniano de Azevedo Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, 2017. A pesquisa consistiu em uma análise das trajetórias recentes de políticas públicas de ensino superior tecnológico no Brasil, focando o caso das Faculdades de Tecnologia (Fatecs) do Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza (CEETEPS). O estudo se inicia com a descrição da trajetória histórica do sistema de educação profissional no Brasil, focando as definições que acompanham essa trajetória. A partir daí, foi analisada a evolução da regulação federal sobre ensino superior tecnológico, nos períodos posteriores à Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) de 1996 até 2016. Por fim, foi realizada uma análise mais detalhada das Políticas Públicas Estaduais relacionadas ao sistema paulista de ensino superior tecnológico público, incluindo um breve histórico e perfil geral das Fatecs, e analisando-se em maior profundidade dados relativos à trajetória da instituição entre 1996 e 2016. O referencial teórico e metodológico que orientou a pesquisa foi a Teoria do Equilíbrio Pontuado de Frank R. Baumgartner e Bryan D. Jones, desenvolvida para a análise de trajetórias de formação de agenda de políticas públicas com foco nas dinâmicas de continuidade e mudança na definição e priorização de problemas e soluções. Respeitadas as especificidades do caso estudado, a pesquisa foi similar a estudos de caso em que os autores caracterizam trajetórias de políticas públicas específicas (entre outras, políticas de controle do uso de drogas e políticas de energia nuclear nos Estados Unidos). Os conceitos gerados no âmbito desses estudos (feedbacks negativos/positivos, policy tone, monopólios de política, issue definition, policy venues, alocação de atenção, entre outros), bem como os métodos de observação dos casos empíricos foram explicados e adaptados para a análise dos dados sobre a formação de agenda das políticas relacionadas às Fatecs entre 1996 e 2016. Isso incluiu a evolução do orçamento das Fatecs, legislação diretamente relacionada (e normativas internas), notícias do jornal Folha de São Paulo, produção da assembleia legislativa estadual, material bibliográfico, documentos oficiais, entre outros dados que, à luz dos conceitos teóricos adotados, permitiram detectar as mudanças e as continuidades nas agendas que influenciaram a produção de políticas públicas relacionadas às Fatecs no período estudado. The research consisted of an analysis of the recent trajectories of public policies related to the technological colleges in Brazil, focusing the case of Faculdades de Tecnologia (Fatecs) from the Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza (CEETEPS). The study begins with the description of the historical trajectory of the professional education system in Brazil, emphasizing conceptual definitions along this trajectory. From then on, the evolution of federal regulation on technological colleges was analyzed after the launching of the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) from 1996 until 2016. Lastly, a detailed analysis about the State public policy related to technological colleges in São Paulo was made, including a general profile of the Fatecs and its history. Different types of databases associated with the institution¿s trajectory between 1996 and 2016 have been also analyzed. This research is based on Frank R. Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones Punctuated Equilibrium Theory, developed for the analysis of trajectories of public policy¿s agendas, focusing dynamics of continuity and change on setting priority on problems and solutions to be adopted. Respecting the specificities of the case under study, the research was similar to case studies in which the authors characterize specific public policy¿s trajectories (among others, drug control policies and nuclear energy policies in the USA). The concepts created within these studies (negative/positive feedbacks, policy tone, policy monopolies, issue definition, policy venues, allocation of attention, among others), as well as empirical cases¿ observation methods were explained and adapted for the data analysis on the formation of policies¿ agenda related to Fatecs between 1996 and 2016. This includes Fatecs¿ budget evolution, directly related legislation (including internal regulations), codified news from Folha de São Paulo newspaper, legislative production of the state legislative assembly, bibliographic material, official documents, among other data that allowed the perception of changes and continuities in the agendas That influenced the production of public policy related to Fatecs in the studied period taking into account the theory adopted.

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Simioni, Christiane. "21 anos de educação pública em São Paulo : um estudo sobre a Secretaria da Educação do Estado sob a perspectiva da Teoria do Equilíbrio Pontuado (1996 - 2016)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2018.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Salomão Barros Ximenes Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018. A presente dissertação visa analisar sob uma perspectiva longitudinal, as políticas públicas educacionais produzidas pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEESP), no período compreendido entre 1996 a 2016. Foi escolhida por ter a maior rede pública de ensino do Brasil e por permanecer sob o comando de um mesmo partido político por mais de duas décadas. O recorte analítico foi definido porque a literatura a respeito demonstra que são escassas as pesquisas de análise simultânea dos ciclos orçamentários e das políticas públicas. Não obstante, as análises das variações na aplicação de recursos orçamentários representam importante fonte de dados para identificar a alteração ou manutenção da execução de distintas políticas públicas. Considerando esse contexto, a pesquisa parte do estudo do orçamento público e das políticas públicas, para evidenciar os momentos que resultaram em modificações atípicas da trajetória das políticas educacionais observadas por meio da execução dos programas governamentais, para compreender o comportamento e os fenômenos que orientam as decisões político-administrativas quanto à definição, priorização e distribuição dos recursos orçamentários para execução das políticas. A principal lente analítica que ancora o trabalho é a metodologia do Equilíbrio Pontuado (Punctuated Equilibrium), de Frank R. Baumgartner e Bryan D. Jones, que permite identificar e entender o processo decisório sobre quais políticas públicas são adotadas e executadas, evidenciando os momentos de mudanças significativas ou incrementais, assim como os fenômenos que influenciam tais processos, uma vez que oferece subsídios para analisar conjuntamente as decisões orçamentais e sobre as políticas públicas, dentro de parâmetros definidos pelos autores, pela utilização de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos que facilitam a compreensão dos dados empíricos inseridos dentro da história e do contexto de execução. Assim, o estudo permitiu verificar a aplicabilidade da Teoria escolhida e concluir que as decisões adotadas no âmbito da SEESP não são constantemente incrementais, a Interrupção do Equilíbrio Pontuado ocorreu em 44% da amostra, preponderantemente em razão de alteração na dotação inicial do orçamento durante o exercício, motivada por decisões do Poder Executivo. E ainda, que não há prevalência do Poder Legislativo nas decisões para construção das políticas públicas educacionais no âmbito estadual. This dissertation aims to analyze in a longitudinal perspective public educational policies produced by the Education Department of the State of São Paulo, from 1996 to 2016. This area was chosen for having the largest public school system of Brazil and remaining under the command of the same political party for more than two decades. The analytical clipping was defined because the literature about it shows that the simultaneous examination of the research budget cycles and of public policies are scarce. Thus, the analysis of the variations in the application of budgetary resources represent an important source of data to identify changes or maintainance in the execution of distinct public policies. Considering this context, the research comes from the study of the public budget and public policies, to highlight the moments that resulted in atypical changes in the trajectory of educational policies observed through the implementation of Government¿s programs, to understand the behaviors and phenomena that drive the political-administrative decisions regarding the definition, prioritization and allocation of budgetary resources for the implementation of policies. The main analytical lens that anchors the work is the methodology of Punctuated Equilibrium, Frank R. Baumgartner and Bryan D. Jones, that allows to identify and understand the decision-making process under which public policies are adopted and performed, showing the moments of significant or incremental changes, such as the phenomena that influence those processes, since it offers subsidies to jointly analyze budget decisions and public policy, within parameters defined by the authors, using quantitative and qualitative methods that facilitate the understanding of the empirical data inserted into the story and execution context. Thus, the study allowed verify the application of the chosen theory is feasible and conclude that the decisions adopted within the framework of the Education Department of the State of São Paulo are not constantly incremental, the interruption of punctuated equilibrium occurred in 44% of the sample, mainly because of changes in the initial allocation of the budget during the financial year, based on decisions of the Executive Power. And yet, the Legislature has no role in making decisions regarding construction of public educational policies at the State level.

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Cipriano, Aparecido Donizete Alves [UNESP]. "A trajetória político-histórico-normativa do sistema municipal de ensino de Barretos/SP (1996 a 2016): o papel do legislativo na implementação de programas e políticas públicas educacionais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153722.

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Submitted by Aparecido Donizete Alves Cipriano (cipriano.educacao@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-25T14:58:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação completa aparecido cipriano.pdf: 3771105 bytes, checksum: 040b2fef6b8291e9d52c18531510e278 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Carolina Lourenco null (carolinalourenco@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-04-25T15:19:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cipriano_ada_me_arafcl.pdf: 3771105 bytes, checksum: 040b2fef6b8291e9d52c18531510e278 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T15:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cipriano_ada_me_arafcl.pdf: 3771105 bytes, checksum: 040b2fef6b8291e9d52c18531510e278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 A presente investigação desenvolve-se sob enfoque de pesquisa qualitativa em educação, versando sobre a constituição do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Barretos no contexto das políticas públicas educacionais a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e especificações advindas da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDBEN ou LDB) nº 9394/96. Articula-se também aos estudos concernentes ao papel do poder legislativo na formulação, execução, acompanhamento e avaliação de políticas públicas educacionais. A referida pesquisa objetiva identificar e analisar, em específico, a trajetória histórica e político-normativa de criação e implantação do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Barretos (de 1996 a 2016) com destaque para a pesquisa documental, em especial, quanto à interpretação e análise do arcabouço legal/normativo, baseada nas Legislações Nacional, Estadual e Municipal e demais atos normativos, além do levantamento e da análise dos documentos institucionais expedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Ensino de Barretos e da Câmara Municipal de Vereadores. Neste espaço textual, a título de considerações cabe ressaltar a importância do poder legislativo no processo de formulação de políticas públicas municipais. Destaca-se que a criação de um Sistema Municipal de Ensino reforça o preceito constitucional de autonomia municipal evidenciando que para isso é essencial a participação da sociedade civil no campo político-democrático por meio do processo legislativo, analisando a relevância de que políticas educacionais sigam um rito legislativo a fim de que se configurem em políticas públicas efetivas submetidas ao controle social e não estejam sujeitas à descontinuidade ocasionada por mudanças de governo, impactando na garantia da educação pública de qualidade. The present research is developed under a qualitative research approach in education, dealing with the constitution of the Municipal Education System in the context of public education policies from the Federal Constitution of 1988 and specifications resulting from the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (LDBEN or LDB) No. 9394/96. It is also related to the studies concerning the role of the legislative power in the formulation, execution, monitoring and evaluation of educational public policies. This research aims to identify and analyze, in specific, the historical and political-normative trajectory of creation and implantation of the Municipal System of Education of Barretos (from 1996 to 2016), highlighting the documentary research, especially, in the interpretation and analysis of the legal / normative framework, based on the National, State and Municipal Legislation and other normative acts besides the survey and analysis of the institutional documents issued by the Municipal Teaching Department of Barretos and the Municipal Council of City Councilors. In this textual space, the importance of legislative power in the process of formulating municipal public policies should be emphasized. The creation of a Municipal Education System reinforces the constitutional precept of municipal autonomy, demonstrating that for this it is essential the participation of civil society in the political-democratic field through the legislative process, analyzing the relevance of educational policies to follow a legislative ritual in order to be shaped into effective public policies which are submitted to social control and not subjected to the discontinuity caused by changes in government, impacting on the quality public education.

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Cipriano, Aparecido Donizete Alves. "A trajetória político-histórico-normativa do sistema municipal de ensino de Barretos/SP (1996 a 2016) : o papel do legislativo na implementação de programas e políticas públicas educacionais /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153722.

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Orientador: Marta Leandro da Silva Banca: Marcelo Soares Pereira da Silva Banca: Ricardo Ribeiro Resumo: A presente investigação desenvolve-se sob enfoque de pesquisa qualitativa em educação, versando sobre a constituição do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Barretos no contexto das políticas públicas educacionais a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 e especificações advindas da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDBEN ou LDB) nº 9394/96. Articula-se também aos estudos concernentes ao papel do poder legislativo na formulação, execução, acompanhamento e avaliação de políticas públicas educacionais. A referida pesquisa objetiva identificar e analisar, em específico, a trajetória histórica e político-normativa de criação e implantação do Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Barretos (de 1996 a 2016) com destaque para a pesquisa documental, em especial, quanto à interpretação e análise do arcabouço legal/normativo, baseada nas Legislações Nacional, Estadual e Municipal e demais atos normativos, além do levantamento e da análise dos documentos institucionais expedidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Ensino de Barretos e da Câmara Municipal de Vereadores. Neste espaço textual, a título de considerações cabe ressaltar a importância do poder legislativo no processo de formulação de políticas públicas municipais. Destaca-se que a criação de um Sistema Municipal de Ensino reforça o preceito constitucional de autonomia municipal evidenciando que para isso é essencial a participação da sociedade civil no campo político-democrático por meio do processo legislativo, analisando a relevância de que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: The present research is developed under a qualitative research approach in education, dealing with the constitution of the Municipal Education System in the context of public education policies from the Federal Constitution of 1988 and specifications resulting from the Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education (LDBEN or LDB) No. 9394/96. It is also related to the studies concerning the role of the legislative power in the formulation, execution, monitoring and evaluation of educational public policies. This research aims to identify and analyze, in specific, the historical and political-normative trajectory of creation and implantation of the Municipal System of Education of Barretos (from 1996 to 2016), highlighting the documentary research, especially, in the interpretation and analysis of the legal / normative framework, based on the National, State and Municipal Legislation and other normative acts besides the survey and analysis of the institutional documents issued by the Municipal Teaching Department of Barretos and the Municipal Council of City Councilors. In this textual space, the importance of legislative power in the process of formulating municipal public policies should be emphasized. The creation of a Municipal Education System reinforces the constitutional precept of municipal autonomy, demonstrating that for this it is essential the participation of civil society in the political-democratic field through the legislative process, analyzing the relevance of educ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Pettersson, Oskar. "The Popular Response to the Ageing Crisis: A Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effects of Demographic Ageing on Individuals’ Support for Welfare State Policy in 13 Advanced Democracies (1996-2016)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432532.

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This thesis examines the relationship between demographic ageing, as captured by temporal, within-country variation in the ratio of elderly to the working-age population – the dependency ratio – on citizens’ support for the welfare state. The research problem is vitally relevant considering the worsening demographic structure of advanced democracies, a process that is having considerable ramifications on the possibilities of financing comprehensive welfare states. Using a time-series cross-sectional design, and building on representative survey data from 13 advanced democracies, the thesis specifically assesses the relationship between the dependency ratio, and individual spending preferences towards 1) the welfare state as a whole, as captured by an additive index, 2) education policy, and 3) old-age benefits. It also assesses whether demographic ageing exacerbates attitude differences between age groups, thereby scrutinising some assumptions made previously on the issue of intergenerational cleavages. The thesis uncovers no significant relationship between the dependency ratio and general support for the welfare state. However, the dependency ratio is shown be positively correlated with citizens’ support for education policy, while being instead potentially negatively correlated with support for old-age benefits. The differences between these two policies, in terms of their enjoyed support, are important considering the presumed shift in welfare state priorities towards what is commonly called social investment. Indeed, they indicate that there may be popular support for the type of reform strategies whose purpose is to invest in tomorrow’s diminishing workforce, whereas the support for more compensatory old-age policies may instead be weakening. There are also signs that the positive effect on the support for education policy is lower among older individuals. This evidence is quite interesting considering the previous expectations of deepening intergenerational cleavages as a consequence of demographic ageing, but the weak indications of this development in previous empirical research.

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Silva, Eliani Cristina Moreira da. "A supervisão de ensino no sistema municipal de ensino de São José do Rio Preto/SP (1996 a 2016) : as especificidades da trajetória histórico-político-normativa e o processo de democratização da educação básica /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180648.

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Orientador: Marta Leandro da Silva Banca: Geraldo Inácio Filho Banca: Ricardo Ribeiro Resumo: Esta pesquisa aborda a trajetória histórico-político-normativa de criação da supervisão de ensino no sistema municipal de São José do Rio Preto/SP, no período de 1996 a 2016, com destaque para a atuação supervisora no processo de democratização da educação básica, especialmente, no contexto de planejamento e de formulação das políticas públicas educacionais municipais. A abordagem desta pesquisa é qualitativa em educação com ênfase na pesquisa documental, especificamente, mediante o mapeamento e a análise do arcabouço legal-normativo concernente à criação do sistema municipal de ensino. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa documental articulada à revisão da literatura abarca a análise dos atos normativos a partir da redemocratização sociopolítica do país, tendo por marco histórico-normativo a promulgação da Constituição Federal 1988 e a posterior publicação da LDB 9.394/96. Assim, no contexto do planejamento de políticas públicas educacionais municipais, a pesquisa objetiva identificar as especificidades da trajetória da Supervisão de Ensino no recém criado Sistema Municipal de Ensino de São José do Rio Preto. Especificamente, pretende-se identificar o papel da supervisão de ensino no sistema municipal de São José do Rio Preto para o processo de democratização da educação básica na garantia do direito público subjetivo à educação básica, na faixa etária de 4 aos 17anos. Também se pretende elucidar quais as perspectivas da supervisão de ensino na efetividade do princípio de gestão de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: This research has deals with the historical political and normative trajectory of the creation of education supervision in the education system of São José do Rio Preto - São Paulo - Brazil (SJRP) from 1996 to 2016. It highlights the education supervisors' action in the process of democratization of basic education, specially, in the context of planning and designing local education public politics. It is a qualitative work, underlining the document research, specifically mapping and analyzing the legal and normative framework of the educational local system creation. Through this perspective, document research combined with bibliographical review embraces the analysis of normative acts starting from the period of Brazil's sociopolitical redemocratization period, based on the Education Law n. 9.394/96 (LDB). Thus, in the context of planning local education public policies, this study seeks to identify the specificities of education supervision trajectory in the recent educational system of São José do Rio Preto. In particular, we intend to identify the role of the supervisor in this local educational system for the basic education redemocratization process in order to guarantee the public right of public basic education, for children from 4 to 17 years old. We also aim to enlighten which perspectives of supervision are effective in the democratic management principle on the articulation of planning and managing school issues. The document analysis demonstrates the specificiti... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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PIRES, GLAUCIA BEZERRA. "INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE TUTOR COUNCIL ON THE GUARANTEE OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: A STUDY ON THE FRAMEWORKS IN THE MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT OF THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO (1996–2016)." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35004@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTITUIÇÕES COMUNITÁRIAS DE ENSINO PARTICULARES O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de institucionalização dos Conselhos Tutelares do município do Rio de Janeiro, enquanto uma instância garantidora de direitos no sistema de garantia de direitos humanos para crianças e adolescentes. Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida com base em três marcos temporais: os anos de 1996, 2006 e 2016, a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, para a qual foi analisada vasta documentação institucional coletada junto à três atores do sistema de garantia de direitos: primeiramente a gestão municipal, responsável pelo suporte técnico-administrativo aos Conselhos Tutelares onde analisou-se leis, decretos, resoluções, instrumentos de processo de trabalho, relatórios de gestão; posteriormente junto ao Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, onde foram analisadas deliberações e comunicados; e por fim, junto à Associação Estadual de Conselheiros Tutelares do Rio de Janeiro, onde foram analisados o seu estatuto institucional e o plano de trabalho. Para a realização do presente estudo, foram analisados ainda outros documentos públicos, tais como o orçamento criança e adolescente, balanços do Disque 100, guias e cartilhas da Secretaria Nacional de Direitos Humanos. No processo de análise comparativa entre as legislações existentes, em consonância com as recomendações do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, como conclusão do trabalho, verificou-se a necessidade de revisão da legislação municipal e de reorganização do Conselho Tutelar, sobretudo no que se refere à autonomia e metodologia de atuação a fim de possa cumprir as atribuições contidas no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente; Conclui-se ainda ressaltando-se a necessidade de tornar sustentável os processos de trabalho instituídos tanto pela gestão municipal quanto pelos próprios conselheiros, a fim de efetivar os Conselhos Tutelares como instâncias de garantia dos direitos humanos de crianças e adolescentes em meio à outros mecanismos de defesa já existentes. This study aims to analyze the process of institutionalization of the Guardianship Councils of the Rio de Janeiro city, as a guaranteeing body instance of rights within the system of guaranteeing human rights for children and adolescents. This dissertation was developed based on three time frames: the years of 1996, 2006 and 2016, based on a qualitative research, which analyzed a large institutional documentation collected from the three actors of the system of guarantee of rights: first, the municipal management, responsible for the technical-administrative support to the Tutelary Councils where laws, decrees, resolutions, labor process instruments, management reports were analyzed; later to the Municipal Council for the Rights of the Child and Adolescents, where deliberations and communiqués were analyzed; and finally, with the State Association of Tutelary Councilors of Rio de Janeiro, where were analyzed their articles of association and their work plan. In order to carry out the present study, other public documents such as the budget for children and adolescents, balance sheets of Disque 100, guides and booklets of the Secretariat National of Human Rights were also analyzed. In the process of comparative analysis between existing legislation, in line with the recommendations of the National Council for the Rights of Children and Adolescents, as a conclusion of this work, there was a need to revise the municipal legislation and reorganize the Guardianship Council, especially in the which refers to the autonomy and methodology of action in order to fulfill the responsibilities contained in the Statute of the Child and Adolescent Law; It is also concluded that there is a need to make the work processes instituted by the municipal administration and by the councilors themselves sustainable, so as to make the Guardianship Councils as instances of guaranteeing the human rights of children and adolescents among others mechanisms at the existing defense system.

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Cabrolier, Pascale. "Le regard dépaysé : la notion de paysage dans les romans de Michel Butor, Marguerite Duras, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Nathalie Sarraute et Claude Simon." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0021.

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Le paysage appartient au discours commun et semble "aller de soi" dans le champ technique, législatif ou médiatique comme dans de nombreux romans : c'est un stéréotype figé, un espace naturel, amène, exprimant un ordre permanent que le regard apprécie, juge et domine. Or ce discours souvent univoque oublie que la notion de paysage est une construction culturelle récente en Europe, invention picturale de la fin du XVe siècle transformant le pays en paysage. A rebours du sens commun, le "Nouveau Roman" est exemplaire car il interroge les postulats liés à sa constitution : bousculant les systèmes de rreprésentation traditionnels, les clichés et les artifices, il déconstruit la notion de paysage qui pétrifie la perception du réel et présuppose une relation suspecte entre le monde et un sujet omnipotent, omniscient. Il construit aussi un autre regard, égaré, sensible et peut-être de nouveaux modèles en explorant une réalité aussi familière qu'étrange Landscapes are part of a common discourse. At the crossroad of technology, environmental debates and artistic photography, they figure in countless novels, trigering stereotypes : natural, pleasant spaces conveying a stable order that the eye absorbs, appraises and controls. Yet this univocal discourse forgets that the very idea of landscape is a recent cultural construct in Europe, a pictorial invention of the late 15th century turning the land into a landscape. Going against the grain, the "New Novel" questions -in an exemplary fashion- the premises underpinning it. Disrupting traditional systems of representation, clichés and flourishes, it deconstructs the concept of landscape that anchors the perception of reality an d presupposes a dubious relationship between the world and an all-knowing, all-powerful subject. Conversely, it constructs another vision, destabilized, but keen, an perhaps new models by exploring a reality altogether familiar and uncanny

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Vidaud, Richard. "Fiction et répétition : études des romans d'Anita Brookner de 1981 à 1996." La Rochelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LAROF001.

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La dialectique stabilité (même) / différence (autre) est en effet le fondement de toute la réflexion philosophique sur la notion. Platon, dans le mythe de Theuth, oppose le logos, ou langage verbal, siège de la mémoire, de la vérité et de l'origine à grammata, ou langage écrit qui véhicule le mythe ou muthos, siège de l'oubli de la vérité et de l'origine. Dans La dissémination, Jacques Derrida reprend pourtant cette distinction sur laquelle il s'appuie pour développer toute sa théorie de la déconstruction qui remet en cause ce qu'il nomme logocentrisme. Cette étude cherche à mettre à jour les implications de la répétition à travers l'œuvre d'Anita Brookner. Toute notre démarche est animée par un double souci : il s'agit d'éclairer son œuvre à la lumière de la répétition afin de voir comment elle lui confère son identité si singulière, mais sans jamais perdre de vue ce que cette œuvre apporte, de par son exploitation radicale de la répétition, à l'importance et à la place de celle-ci dans la théorie littéraire. Nous nous proposons donc d'essayer de distinguer, sérier et classer les formes nombreuses et diverses que revêt la répétition chez Anita Brookner, cela, en vue d'élaborer la typologie générale d'une forme qui chez elle est une figure à la fois microstructurale et macrostructurale. Nous commençons par traiter cette question sur le plan des formes de répétition qui se loge dans l'écriture même. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à la dimension récurrente du récit dans sa structure pour déterminer si la narration se répète sous une forme circulaire, proleptique ou réflexive. Puis nous examinons les modalités de la reprise d'une parole extérieure au texte stricto sensu pour conclure sur l'étude de la fiction lorsqu'elle-même se prend comme objet de la répétition. Enfin, à la question de savoir si la répétition tend vers un mouvement de construction qui favoriserait la cohésion de l'édifice textuel, nous sommes amenés à répondre qu'elle le déconstruit dès lors qu'elle en interdit toute interprétation fiable et définitive et conduit à une lecture aporétique du texte This dissertation examines the dialectical relationship between fiction and repetition in the novels of contemporary British novelist Anita Brookner. The notion of repetition has evolved considerably over the ages ; whereas in Plato's times, it was regarded as a totally reliable agent of semantic construction, Jacques Derrida's theory of deconstruction has undermined such confidence in repetition which was held responsible for dismantling the text and placing the reader in a helpless “state of undecidabtlity”. It is our contention that the brooknerian novel makes such a deconstructive use of repetition, be it on the rhetorical level or in the narrative structure, or through the transtextual echoes or in the metafictional manner in which the text refers to its own mechanism

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Lançon, Daniel. ""l'inscription et la reception critique de l'oeuvre d'yves bonnefoy suivi d'un corpus bibliographique general et descriptif (oeuvre, traductions et critiques) 1946-1996"." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070078.

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A partir d'une nouvelle conception de la bibliographie presentee en catalogues desormais referentiels, nous avons etabli la genese editoriale de l'auteur (poete, essayiste, critique litteraire, historien de l'art et de la poesie, penseur, traducteur) afin de comprendre son inscription (realite materielle d'une oeuvre dans le champ poetique) en lien avec l'autobiographie continuee (declarations d'intention, analyses retrospectives en entretien, reappropriation d'experiences passees. . . ). L'inscription recouvre aussi les activites publiques par lesquelles l'auteur est reconnu au sein d'institutions valorisantes. Ces sources institutionnelles font l'objet d'une partie pour chaque periode chronologique. Les deux mille sources de la reception critique (reception immediate, consecrations retrospectives, etudes diverses) permettent de saisir l'auteur avant la selection et la hierarchisation historique. Notre parcours de ce demi-siecle de creation vise, selon une periodisation en ensembles plus ou moins homogenes, a une objectivation raisonnee de l'oeuvre et de l'auteur dans ses contextes (par exemple les conditions d'elaboration d'une mythologie heroique de createur), afin d'aller au dela des illusions de la retrospection et du temoignage, bien que soient re-situees ces deux dernieres realites, constitutives de la figure de l'auteur. De nombreux projets d'inscription sont, bien sur, a lire dans la continuite des annees qui precedent mais l'auteur est en devenir. Apres avoir traverse les deux decennies de croyance a l'ecrit souverain, l'auteur est devenu a son tour un aine, une reference poetique mais aussi intellectuelle (ses positions, de traducteur et de critique d'art sont ainsi debattues des le debut des annees soixante). Les pays francophones ont participe a cette reconnaissance mais sa presence est d'emblee la plus significative dans les pays anglophones (principalement aux etats-unis). Inscription et reception capitalisees au cours de quarante ans permettent d'affirmer que l'italien, l'allemand, l'espagnol mais aussi le japonais sont les quatre autres principales langues d'accueil, en une presence renforcee depuis une decennie par la multiplication d'entretiens publies dans plus de dix langues etrangeres. Entre 1970 et 1996, yves bonnefoy est l'humaniste ecrivain a qui le plus grand nombre de prix est decerne en france According to a new way of looking at bibliographies now set out in the form of lists, which can be referred to, we have drawn up the editorial genesis of the author (a poet, an essayist, a literary critic, an art and poetry historian, a thinker, a translator), so as to understand his inscription (the material reality of a work in the poetic sphere), in relation to the continued autobiography (declarations of purpose, retrospective analyses when interviewed, reappropriation of past experiences. . . ). The inscription also coves the public activities which make the author acknowledged within valorizing institutions. Those institutional sources are the subject of one part for each chronological period. The two thousands sources of the critical reception (an immediate reception, retrospective consecrations, various studies) allow us to catch the author before the selection and the fact that he becomes historically arranged in a hierarchy. Our covering of this half-century of creation, according to regular intervals of sets which are more or less homogeneous, aims at having a reasomed objectiveness of the work and of the author in its contexts, so as to go beyond the illusionary retrospection and testimony, although the two latter realities, which are the constituent elements of the author figure, are situated once again. Of course, many plans of inscription are to be read in the continuity of the preceding years, but his work is in state of flux. After going through the two decades of belief in the sovereign writing, the author has become in his turn an elder, a reference in poetry but also an intellectual one (his positions as a translator and an art critic have thus been debated from the outset of sixties). The french-speaking countries have taken part in this acknowlegment but his presence has been directly the most significant in the english-speaking countries (mainly in the united-states). Inscription and reception, which have been capitalized for 40 years, allow us to state italian, german, spanich but also japanese are the four other main reception languages, which presence has been strengthened for a decade by the increase in interviews pubished in more than ten foreign languages. Between the years 1970 and 1996, yves bonnefoy has been the writer humanist who the most numerous prizes have been awarded to in france

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Orard, Catherine. "De l'inachevé au cinéma." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010516.

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Une premiere partie philosophique énonce les présupposés théoriques de la thèse, méditation sur les ambitions de la recherche et sur ses limites ; réflexion sur les notions d'oeuvre d'art et de création, de fini et de non-fini, de totalité et de fragmentation, de perfection et d'incomplétude, de désir. . . En référence aux propos de T. W. Adorna M. Blanchot, W. Jankelevitch. . . D'où vient la valorisisation de l'achèvement, de l'accomplissement ? Que recouvre le besoin de perfection ? L'inachèvement n'est-il pas une réalité inhérente à l'acte même de créer, un mode d'existence de la création ? Ces questions conduisent à une relativisation des paramètres qui entrent dans la définition de l'oeuvre d'art classique, "forme close", quintessence de la perfection. Dans le cadre de cette problématique de depart, la thèse se propose d'étudier un large corpus cinématographique. Fellini, Ruiz, Cassavetes, Rivette, Antonioni, Resnais, Wenders, Kiedovski, Tarkovski - ou comment la question s'est posée pour le cinéma de se dérober à sa propre maitrise, à une conception classique de l'oeuvre cinématographique où conservent leur valeur les notions de début et de fin, de développement logique, de sens global. . . Mouvement et déplacement perpétuel, accumulation boulimique et dépense improductive, polyvalence du réel et métamorphoses ; ouverture à l'inattendu et au hasard, improvisation d'une oeuvre qui se veut ouverte et non expression d'idées préconçues ; développement antidramatique de la "matière vivante du réel", distorsions, detours, suspension du recit, reconduction de l'énigme ; errance, impossibilité de demeurer ; liberté d'interprétation. . . Chaque cinéaste nous propose d'étudier une facette de l'inachèvement au cinéma. Leurs films nous offrent l'image même du mouvement, une mobilité du temps, ses hésitations et son rythme : la formation sous la forme. Le processus de production est mis en valeur, au détriment du produit fini ; le film devient lieu du risque, de réserves, d'attente, de faillite aussi. Les images luttent contre tout effet de solidification laissant la route du sens ouverte et comme indécise. . The introductory passage of a philosophical nature states the pre-conceived theoretical ideas, contemplation on the whys and wherefores of research and its limits : reflection on the notions of works of art and creation, a full review of the accomplished and the non-accom- plished, of a whole and of a fraction of perfection and non fulfilment and total desire, with reference to T. W Adorno, m. Blanchot, W. Jankelevitch. Where does the notion of the value of total achievement find its bearinf ? What element covers the needs of perfection ? is completion the basic reality of the art of creation ? These issues lead us the relativity of these parameters which describe the classifical work of art "closed form", the quintessence of perfection. . . With these views in mind, this thesis intends to review a large cinematographic corpus. Fellini, Ruiz, Cassavetes, Rivette, Antonioni, Resnais, Wenders, Kieslovski, Tarkovski. . . Where the question is how the world of cinema fails under its own force and breaks with a classical conception of cinematographical art, where ce notions of biginning and of end are steadfast, where a logical developpement in a global sense has a stronghold. . . Constant fluctuation, and obsessive piling-up, wild spending, versatile positioning of the reality and the metamorphosed, an opening to the unexpected, the extraordinary, the improvisation of a work of art which claims broadmindedness and freedom and is free of preju- dice ; here we embrace the development of a real living creature with no climax ; distorsion, diversion, no narration, mysterious messages spin their webs ; no fixed route, complete freedom of interpretation : each director suggests we look into the idea of non-fulfilment within the cinema. Their films show the very image of movement, the flexibility of time with its stoppings and startings : the moulding into a form. The progress within the production is shown at its best to the detriment of the finished product. A film becomes an element of risk, reservation, expectation and even failure. The images fight constantly against the effect of immobilisation and fossilization, leaving all the senses their freedom of movement, never sure, never actually knowing. .

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Donnat, Cédric. "Les choses qui s'effacent : le cinéma de Michael Cimino à l'épreuve de l'histoire (1974-1996)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100115/document.

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L'oeuvre de Michael Cimino (1939-2016) constitue un objet atypique dans le paysage de la production cinématographique américaine contemporaine. Féru d'histoire, de géographie, de peinture et de littérature, le cinéaste n'aura en définitive donné naissance qu'à sept long métrages ; après des débuts prometteurs (le succès mondial de son second film), ses ambitions artistiques sont brutalement, et irrémédiablement, contrariées par la réception très négative, tant publique que critique, de sa représentation de la mise en valeur des territoires occidentaux dans Heaven's Gate. Desinit in piscem écrivait Horace : avec ses trois dernières réalisations relevant davantage de la commande que de la création (The Sicilian, Desperate Hours et Sunchaser), la filmographie ne donne pas une forme achevée à l'immense ambition historiographique et esthétique révélée par la vaste fresque construite de The Deer Hunter (1978) à Year of the Dragon (1985). Pour autant, Cimino est parvenu à édifier une grammaire cinématographique exigeante et originale, à même d'exprimer un rapport à l'histoire qui, réfutant tout didactisme, relève fondamentalement d'une entreprise de déconstruction du grand roman national américain. Dans une telle perspective, l'enjeu ultime du propos s'apparente à un voyage, une quête des traces laissées par le passage du temps, non dans les institutions (les « superstructures » des catégories marxistes) mais au niveau infra, celui des individus et de la gemeinschaft. Du Vietnam aux plaines du Wyoming en passant par la métropole new-yorkaise, le continuum historique est appréhendé, modelé, à l'aune des changements qui affectent les existences humaines. La filmographie de Cimino doit en réalité peu au cinéma : elle tire sa raison d'être non des images préexistantes mais de la vie elle-même ; c'est pourquoi la pensée de Siegfried Kracauer, qui voyait dans la « rédemption de la réalité matérielle » la fonction essentielle du septième art, mais aussi ses développements ultérieurs (conduits notamment par Antoine de Baecque) fournissent l'assise théorique nécessaire à la bonne intelligence d'une pensée animée par la célébration de l'ineffable beauté des choses qui s'effacent, c'est à dire de l'histoire Michael Cimino’s work makes up an atypical item in the contemporary American film scene. Keen on history, geography, art and literature, the filmmaker actually only produced seven feature films ; after some promising beginnings (the global success of his second movie), the way he portrayed the emphasizing on Western territories in Heaven’s Gate was very badly received by both the audience and the critics, those negative reviews suddenly and irreversibly hampered his artistic ambitions. Horace wrote Desinit in piscem ; as his last three productions issued more from orders than from creation (The Sicilian, Desperate Hours and Sunschaser), the filmography does not stand for the completed historiographical and aesthetic ambition revealed by the historical epic depicted from The Deer Hunter (1978) to Year of the Dragon (1985). Nonetheless Cimino managed to develop a demanding and original cinema grammar capable of expressing a link with history which disproves all didactic and stems from an urge to deconstruct the great national American novel. With such a purpose in mind the issue at stake is similar to that of a trip, a quest for the traces left by the passing of time, not in the institutions (the ‘superstructures’ in the Marxist groups) but in the infrastructures, those of the individuals and the gemeinschaft. From Vietnam to the plains of Wyoming via New York City, historical continuity is considered in terms of -and affected by- the changes in human beings’ lives. Cimino’s filmography cannot be claimed by the cinema : it does not arise from preexisting pictures but from life itself. That’s why Siegfried Kracauer, who thought ‘redeeming material reality’ was the ultimate role for the cinema - as his further work (lead by Antoine de Baecque ) also showed - gave a necessary theoretical basis to a sensitive thought stoked by the celebration of the indescribable beauty of things that fade, i.e. of history

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Giguère, Andrée-Anne. "Les écrivains de La Relève et la pensée romanesque : critique et pratique du roman chez Robert Charbonneau, Robert Élie, Jean Le Moyne et Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26637.

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Cette thèse porte sur quatre écrivains ayant contribué de manière considérable au réseau à l’origine des revues La Relève et La Nouvelle Relève (1934-1948), soit Robert Charbonneau, Robert Élie, Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau et Jean Le Moyne. Fondé sur la poétique et l’usage des genres littéraires et des modes du discours, ce travail cherche à comprendre quelle pensée romanesque se dégage des essais de ces écrivains et comment cette pensée se répercute dans leurs textes romanesques. Le corpus analysé est constitué de tous les numéros de La Relève et La Nouvelle Relève et des principaux écrits publics ou inédits (disponibles à ce jour) des quatre écrivains susmentionnés, et ce, dans l’optique de ne pas restreindre la pensée de ces écrivains à l’idéologie qui se dégage de leur revue. La première partie de la thèse porte sur l’influence de trois romanciers phares à La Relève : Bernanos, Dostoïevski et Proust. C’est notamment à la lecture de ces romanciers que Charbonneau, Élie, Le Moyne et Garneau construisent leur discours idéaliste sur le roman, sur sa pratique, mais aussi sur son usage. La deuxième partie de la thèse départage les lectures romanesques françaises et anglo-saxonnes à La Relève, éclairant du même coup les positions souvent divergentes des membres du groupe à l’égard du roman, mais également à l’égard des référents culturels étrangers. La troisième partie analyse la transformation du discours sur le roman lorsqu’il se rapporte au roman canadien-français. Moins admiratif, plus pragmatique, ce discours vise à accompagner la naissance d’une littérature moderne au Canada français. La quatrième partie de la thèse se consacre aux romans de La Relève. Elle permet de confronter l’art du roman de ces écrivains à leur pratique concrète tout en tenant compte de leurs différences : si Robert Charbonneau et Robert Élie ont publié des romans, Saint-Denys Garneau n’a laissé que des esquisses, tandis que Jean Le Moyne utilise le mode romanesque dans sa pratique d’autres genres littéraires. Le rapprochement entre leur pensée romanesque et leur pratique individuelle permet d’éclairer autrement la faillite du roman de ce groupe, qui est pourtant l’un des premiers dans l’histoire littéraire au Québec à avoir utilisé le genre romanesque dans la constitution de sa vision du monde.

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Jeanroy, Audrey. "Claude Parent, architecture et expérimentation, 1942-1996 : itinéraire, discours et champ d'action d'un architecte créateur en quête de mouvement." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2001.

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Consacrer une recherche monographique à un architecte vivant est un exercice d’autant plus ardu que Claude Parent (né en 1923) œuvra à se mettre en scène, autant dans son travail qu’à travers son activité de critique. Le regard historien le plus détaché ne peut être totalement neutre face à des réalisations souvent peu patinées par la mémoire, bien que parfois déjà patrimonialisées. C’est peut-être le moins volontaire des paradoxes que Claude Parent aima à construire autour de sa personne. À travers ses très nombreux écrits, il se construit un personnage de scandale et, pour cela, s’est tôt présenté comme marginalisé par la profession. Il se revendiqua néanmoins « homme de chantier », humble devant la force de l’acte architectural. Cette étude se situe dans le genre consacré de la monographie. Celui-ci est cependant revisité par un croisement avec l’étude des acteurs de la profession d’architecte à l’époque où Claude Parent en débat publiquement, avec l’analyse des structures de maîtrise d’ouvrage et de maîtrise d’œuvre, et avec l’étude des politiques d’urbanisme dans lesquelles l'architecte inscrit ses réalisations autant que ses spéculations théoriques. Cette recherche s’attarde aussi sur la complexité des rapports normatifs que la critique architecturale entretient avec les pratiques projectuelles et constructives. Claude Parent s’étant pensé autant en architecte qu’en homme de médias, sa stature professionnelle et publique composite, ainsi que son regard sur l’époque, non moins complexe, éclairent particulièrement bien les décennies 1950-1990, encore peu étudiées en histoire de l’architecture To dedicate a monographic research to an alive architect is a difficult exercise, particularly since Claude Parent (born in 1923) himself contributed to his own myth-making, as much in his work as through his activity as a critic. The most detached historian outlook cannot be totally neutral in front of buildings often little skated by memory, although sometimes already considered like « heritage ». It is maybe the least voluntary paradoxe which Claude Parent liked to build around his person. Through his numerous articles, he builds himself a character of scandal and, because of this, was somewhat marginalized by the profession. He claimed to be nevertheless a « man of construction », humble in front of the strength of the architectural act. This study follows the general practice of the monography. It is however revisited through the study of the actors of the architectural profession when Claude Parent debated publicly the subject, with the analysis of the commissioners and architects, and with the study of the urban politics in which the architect places his buildings and his theoretical speculations. This research also questions the complexity of the normative relationships which architectural criticism entertains with design and constructive practices. Claude Parent considers himself like an architect as well as a man of medias. His professional, public and composite stature, as well as his outlook on the period, more complex, shed light on the decades 1950-1990, still little studied in the history of architecture

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Almeida, Mário André Marques de. "Dinâmicas industriais do franchising em Portugal (1996-2016)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17339.

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Desde a década de 1990 que a indústria do franchising em Portugal tem estado em constante evolução. No entanto, desde esse momento, que fenómenos se podem observar derivado dos nascimentos, mortes e sobrevivências das insígnias de franchising? A corrente económica das dinâmicas industriais oferece uma perspetiva causal que possibilita a compreensão dos fenómenos de evolução setorial, e que identifica as forças motrizes de transformação e crescimento económico. Esta Dissertação representa um estudo de vinte anos da indústria de franchising, sob a perspetiva das dinâmicas industriais, que recorre aos principais recursos de arquivo do franchising em Portugal como fonte de investigação empírica. Esta investigação percorre um período de 1996 a 2016, que incide sobre o comportamento de 1726 insígnias únicas e 7773 observações dentro de vários setores de atividade como o calçado, os serviços ou a restauração. O seu estudo permite aferir conclusões que explicam alguns dos principais acontecimentos da atividade económica ligados à indústria do franchising, nomeadamente o crescimento do número de franchisadores e o seu peso sobre a evolução setorial; o peso relativo das crises económicas sobre o investimento; ou o surgimento de novas tendências que influenciam o ciclo de vida da indústria. A investigação vertida nesta Dissertação pode ser útil aos profissionais de franchising, oferecendo igualmente uma contribuição empírica para o desenvolvimento do estudo das dinâmicas industriais. Since the 1990's, the franchising industry in Portugal has been constantly evolving. However, from that moment on, what phenomena derives from the births, deaths and survivals of the franchising insignia? The economic current of the industrial dynamics offers a causal perspective that makes possible the understanding of the phenomena of sectoral evolution. It identifies the driving forces of transformation and economic growth. This Dissertation represents a twenty-year study of the franchising industry, from the perspective of industrial dynamics, which uses the main archive resources of franchising in Portugal as a source of empirical research. This investigation covers a period from 1996 to 2016, which focuses on the behaviour of 1726 unique insignia and 7773 observations, within various sectors of activity such as footwear, services or restoration. The previously mentioned allows us to draw conclusions focusing on the main events of the economic activity pertaining to the franchising industry, namely the growth in the number of franchisors and their weight on sectoral evolution, the relative weight of economic crises on investment, or the emergence of new trends that influence the industry’s life cycle. The research carried out in this Dissertation is aimed at franchising professionals, as well as contributing to the empirical development of the study of industrial dynamics.

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Sanches, Margarida Pato Nogueira. "Academy awards : 1996-2016 : 20 anos de representações de género." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29542.

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O género, como objecto de estudo, tem-se vindo a verificar uma temática pertinente nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento científico, servindo de base para muitos investigadores1 no desenvolvimento do seu conceito e representação. Os estudos, que têm por base esta temática, apresentam-se significantes na medida em que constituem uma base sólida na compreensão, não só do conceito em si, como também da forma como este tem sido ostentado ao longo do tempo na sociedade em que vivemos, através da criação e apropriação de estereótipos, cuja função se prevê ter sido fundamental no desenvolvimento acentuado da apresentação de género. No que diz respeito ao cinema, esta temática tem-se vindo a revelar um objecto de estudo interessante pela forma como a indústria cinematográfica de Hollywood é considerada maioritariamente masculina (Lauzen, 2015) e pela forma como as personagens, dependentemente do género, são retratadas nos filmes, isto é, tendo em conta as ideias pré-concebidas pela sociedade (estereótipos) que podem ou não ser transpostas para os filmes. De forma a responder à questão de que modo o género se encontra representado não só nos filmes propostos às diversas categorias, como também na cerimónia de entrega de prémios Óscares, por ser um acto solene, de grande prestígio, considerou-se o facto de existir uma tendência masculina quer em termos de atribuição de estatuetas, quer também na apresentação dos vencedores das mesmas. Para esta dissertação, foram visualizados 28 filmes referentes ao período 1996-2016 que venceram nas categorias de Melhor Filme e Melhor Realizador, de forma a compreender a representação de género, em cada um deles, bem como foram produzidos. Gender, as an object of study, has become an important subject in several areas of scientific knowledge, serving as a basis for many researchers2 in the development of its concept and representation. Research about gender representations is growingly relevant due to its strong contribution to comprehending, not only the concept itself, but also the way in which gender has been represented throughout time in our society through the creation and appropriation of stereotypes, a fundamental mechanism to the development of gender representations. In the field of cinema, this subject has come to reveal itself as an important object of study due to the way through which the Hollywood industry has been presented, that is, as predominantly masculine (Lauzen, 2015) and also by the way in which characters, according to their gender, are represented in films, that is, taking in consideration preconceived ideas stemming from society (stereotypes) which may or may not be mobilized in cinema. To answer the question of how gender is represented, not only in the nominated films in the various categories, but also in the Oscars Ceremony, by being a solemn act of great prestige, an existing male tendency was identified when it comes to granting the award, but also in the presentation of the winners. For this study, 28 films were watched, which correspond to a period between 1996- 2016, that have won in the categories of Best Film and Best Director, in order to understand the gender representation, in each one of them, as well as how they were produced.

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Wu, Hsin-Chih, and 吳信緻. "Systematic review and content analysis of contemporary adapted physical education development in Taiwan: from 1996-2016." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u7mfna.

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碩士 國立臺灣師範大學 特殊教育學系 106 The purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the evolution of adapted physical education academic research in Taiwan. Since 1993, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan has been promoting the “Five-Year Plan for Developing Improvement in Special Education,” which resulting a series of education reform, has also helped promoting the idea of adapted physical education. The idea of adapted physical education has been introduced to Taiwan for approximately 20 years. Related laws, policies, plans, programs, and research have been implemented and conducted. However, even in the present time, its concepts and notions are not widely known by the public. This study analyzed papers with notable research development value concerning physical education in Taiwan that were published in 1996–2016. Systematic review and content analysis methods were conduct to perform analytic induction. The online academic database that were used in the research including CEPS Airiti Library, HyRead Journal, National Central Library Periodical Information Center, Scopus, EBSCO and ProQuest. The following keywords were used for filtering in the research: physical education curriculum, physical fitness, adapted physical education, special physical education, disability, special needs, physical activity, motor behavior, motor skill, and exercise intervention. The A-level journal articles included in the Taiwan Social Science Citation Index were the main focus of analysis. Regarding research conducted abroad, the names of researchers studying adaptive physical education in Taiwan were searched for online; investigations of Taiwan’s adaptive physical education development were the analysis focus, as keyword to find the journals that were needed for this study. Through systematic review, this study included 27 journals published in Taiwan and 82 journals published abroad. The researcher used content analysis which includes the categories of publication year, researching topic, researching methods, researching subject and publication types, all of those mentioned above were coded and analyzed to understand the evolution of adapted physical education academic research. To draw the inference from the result, these data show: (1) Between the year of 2008 to 2016, the average number of adapted physical education journal being published per year is 10, which had a significant increase compared to 1996 to 1998. (2) Compared to the international research, Taiwanese adapted physical education researching environment is rather conservative, which only focus on the physical education field; whereas the international research often conducted in multiple field and inter-professional field, for single field, researchers tend to focus more on psychology instead of physical education. (3) For Taiwanese research topic, the majority of the journals, which there are 9 of them focusing on ‘adaptive physical education’s progression and the need for change’; the second one is “program effect”, which there are 7 of them. For the international database, the majority focus on the discussion of “motor ability” of students with physical disability, which there are 53 of them; the second one is “the program effect”, which there are 19 of them. (4) The majority types of researching method are: 56 experimental studies and 33 descriptive studies. (5) The majority study subjects include: 30 studies on developmental coordination disorder, 20 studies on intellectual disability and 19 on emotional disability and autism respectively. The age distribution of studying subject is mostly elementary and junior high school students. Basing on the result of this study, this study suggests Taiwanese adapted physical education academic research could focus on different field and aspect of the physical education such as types of disability, age and deeper exploration. While using mainly empirical research methods and quantitative research, qualitative research could be used for aiding the discussion of the study’s details, by doing so, it could enhance the quality of our physical education academic research and reach the goal of mutual authentication between theory and practice.

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Saraiva, Pedro Daniel Gonçalves. "Mulheres, Desporto, Media: Noticiabilidade e objetificação sexual do desporto feminino nos jornais desportivos em Portugal (1996-2016)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81815.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia apresentada à Faculdade de Economia In Portugal, especially after the Revolution of April 25th 1974, sport, both in its leisure and competition dimensions, began to win more and more practitioners. Although it is still a predominantly male dominium, women have been slowly, but progressively, conquering their space, both in terms of number of federated athletes, and in terms of number of coaches and other sports agents. This sporting growth of both sexes is also accompanied by the growing importance of the sports writing press, which currently has three daily newspapers in Portugal - Record, A Bola e O Jogo. The review of the literature has shown that sports media, while referring to the sporting results of female athletes in competition, focus mainly on their femininity, that is, focus mainly on female athlete details that prove that, despite the physical exertion that performs, is still female, even in many cases, to be seen as a sexual object. The aim was to determine if what is happening in many other countries also happens with the daily sports written press in Portugal. There are some studies done on the national reality, but none of them makes such a lengthy longitudinal analysis, or about so many sporting modalities, and, in general, they focus only on a newspaper.As such, a documentary analysis was carried out, during the years 1996 to 2015, focusing on the news and respective photographs published by the newspapers A Bola, O Jogo and Record, in dates previously randomly selected, on 10 sport modalities selected according some criteria, thus comparing the masculine and feminine sport. In the construction of the sample there was the concern of making it as representative as possible. In total, a corpus of 1207 news and their illustrative photographs were analyzed, distributed by the three newspapers as follows: Record = 427; A Bola = 429; O Jogo = 351. The analysis was chaired by two category nomenclatures fixed in two code books - one for written and another for photographic content. After this documentary analysis, it was possible to observe that women's sport still suffers from an enormous deficit of media coverage, representing a small part of the news published by the three newspapers. It was also possible to perceive that, as gleaned in the literature, the sexual objectification of the athletes also operates in the written sports press in Portugal. The longitudinal analysis does not show, however, a definite trend of growth or decrease, varying considerably over the years under analysis. In conclusion, during the 20-year period analyzed, no significant changes were found either in the news about women's sports or in a less sexualized treatment of the athletes. The continuity of the journalistic discourses verified points to the need to reinforce active policies to promote equality between women and men in the media so that they can participate and reflect the desired social change. Em Portugal, sobretudo após a Revolução do 25 de Abril de 1974, o desporto tanto na sua vertente de lazer, como na sua vertente de competição, começou a conquistar cada vez mais praticantes. Apesar de ser ainda um espaço predominantemente masculino, as mulheres vêm progressivamente, mas de forma lenta, a conquistar o seu espaço, tanto em número de atletas federadas, como em termos de número de treinadoras e de outros agentes desportivos. Este crescimento desportivo em ambos os sexos é acompanhado igualmente pelo crescimento da importância da imprensa escrita desportiva, que conta atualmente com três jornais diários – Record, A Bola e O Jogo. A revisão da literatura mostrou-nos que os media desportivos, apesar de referirem os resultados desportivos das atletas femininas em competição, focam-se sobretudo na sua feminilidade, ou seja, focam-se sobretudo em detalhes da atleta feminina que comprovam que, apesar do esforço físico que executa, não deixa de ser feminina, chegando mesmo em muitos casos, a ser vista como um objeto sexual. Pretendeu-se apurar se o que se passa em muitos outros países acontece igualmente com a imprensa escrita desportiva diária em Portugal. Existem alguns estudos feitos sobre a realidade nacional, mas nenhum faz uma análise longitudinal tão ampla, nem sobre tantas modalidades desportivas e, em geral, focam-se apenas num periódico.Como tal, foi realizada uma análise documental, durante os anos de 1996 a 2015, incidindo sobre as notícias e respetivas fotografias publicadas pelos jornais A Bola, O Jogo e Record, em datas previamente selecionadas, sobre 10 modalidades desportivas igualmente selecionadas, comparando dessa forma o desporto masculino e feminino. Na construção da amostra houve a preocupação de a tornar o mais representativa possível. No total foi analisado um corpus de 1207 notícias e respetivas fotografias ilustrativas, distribuído pelos três jornais do seguinte modo: Record = 427; A Bola = 429; O Jogo = 351. A análise foi presidida por duas nomenclaturas de categorias fixadas em dois livros de códigos – um para o conteúdo escrito e outro para o fotográfico. Após esta análise documental, foi possível observar que o desporto feminino ainda sofre de um enorme défice de cobertura mediática, representando uma pequena parte das notícias publicadas pelos três jornais. Foi ainda possível perceber que, tal como respigado na literatura, o processo de objetificação sexual das atletas opera, igualmente, na imprensa escrita desportiva em Portugal. A análise longitudinal não evidencia, porém, uma tendência definida de crescimento ou decréscimo, variando bastante ao longo dos anos em análise. Em conclusão, no período de 20 anos analisados, não foram encontradas mudanças significativas nem quanto à noticiabilidade do desporto feminino nem quanto a um tratamento menos sexualizado das atletas. A continuidade dos discursos jornalísticos verificada remete para a necessidade de reforçar as políticas ativas de promoção da igualdade entre mulheres e homens nos meios de comunicação social, para que estes possam participar e refletir a mudança social desejada.

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Chen, Ching-Fen, and 陳靖芬. "The Analysis of Foreign Visitors to Japan -Panel data analysis based on 35 Countries in 1996-2016 year." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ckk79c.

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碩士 淡江大學 亞洲研究所碩士班 106 Japan in December 2006, comprehensive revision of the Basic Law on Tourism and the establishment of a nation as a national strategy. This study is mainly based on panel data analysis 1996 - 2016 in 35 countries to visit Japan. On the discussion of the number of visitors to Japan to visit Japan to decide on the reasons for other decisions, Scholar Nakazawa Eiichi (2009) for foreign visitors from 32 countries to Japan, Visit JAPAN business (VJ: visit to Japan Tourism Promotion Industry) conducted a regression analysis. This study is based on the main purpose of the study visit to Japan, the object of inference is 35 countries, was explained variance for the purpose of visiting Japan, the number of visitors(natural logarithm), indicating that the variable is the visiting country of their passengers (hereinafter referred to as the other (Natural logarithm) of the other country, total real GDP per capita (natural logarithm), total population of the other country (natural logarithm), distance between Japan and the other country (natural variable) Tracking data on 35 countries from 1996 to 2016 are analyzed by gravity model and the actual number of visitors to Japan and their purpose are not changed. In this study, the main results of the empirical analysis of gravity model, the number of visitors to Japan to Japan do not grow the most important reason is the substantial increase in tourists, in order to promote the total number of visitors to Japan, the number of commercial visitors, the number of visitors, the most effective is to expand the tourism The type of service.

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Tsai, Yi-Ning, and 蔡乙寧. "The content analysis of CTS News Magazine 1996-2016: A comparison study of CTS ownership transformed into Taiwan Broadcasting System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/956p23.

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碩士 國立政治大學 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 106 Chinese Television System Inc. [CTS] has transformed from a commercial television into a public commercial television since the Divestment of Shares in Terrestrial Television Act put into practice on 2006. In order to examine impacts of the public commercial broadcasting policy, the study compares CTS News Megazine in 10 years before and after 2006. The idea of public commercial broadcasting not only means a shift between different media ownership, but the idea also represents an ideal broadcasting model. As a result, the study focuses on whether CTS broadcasts differ due to the public commercial broadcasting policy. The study uses content analysis as research methodology and analyzes CTS News Megazine in terms of news structure, news value, news content and public interest.The study in total analyzes 160 units of CTS News Megazine. To inspect the recults of content analysis, the study adds in-depth interview, interviewing the producer of CTS News Megazine. The study discovers that the CTS News Megazine broadcasts insignificantly change after CTS ownership converts into the public commercial television. In other words, changing media ownership has little to do with television broadcasts. It is journalists’ professional experience and social change that influence the quality of broadcasts. The benefits of chaing a commercial television into a public commercial television might be an image.

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Bo-YiLiu and 劉柏毅. "The construction and discussion about National Identity of Taiwan’s Black Metal－A case study of Chthonic’s ‘Mu Tao Jen T'ung’(1996-2016)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k69na6.

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碩士 國立成功大學 歷史學系 104 SUMMARY Heavy metal is a genre of music, it’s lyrics and performance styles sometimes reflect the social feature, which includes many identities of people, because heavy metal music can write criticism about society, or convey complicated belief to public. Chthonic uses “black metal” this genre of heavy metal music as their music style, and it became to a special status in Taiwan. But this music genre was very hard to be popular in Taiwan. After 20 years passed, this group still stand unshakably, and stronger than before. This situation must have include a certain kind of social phenomenon, especially National identity. Identity is a complicated issue in Taiwan’s society, due to its complicated history background. Taiwan is an immigrant society, gone through the reign of Aboriginal, Netherlands, Qing dynasty, Japan, and Republic of China, different rulers bring different historical appearance, but it produced a complicated national identity, especially the constructed identity of rulers made Taiwanese social an important reason for social conflict.Chthonic use their own way of expressing national identity, they want to convey their national idetity to Taiwanese mass by way of their songs. In the end, ‘mu tao jen t'ung’ in this thesis is a identity of Taiwan, and it is a conception which responded social mutation. Chthonic’s ‘mu tao jen t'ung’ include their thought and aspiration. ‘Mu tao jen t'ung’ is an emotional attachment of the people who live in their motherland－Taiwan, so ‘Mu tao jen t'ung’ is gathering emotion of residents, it is not only a national identity but Taiwanese faith. Key words: Taiwan identity, national identity, Chthonic, heavy metal, black metal.

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Nunes, Tiago Brito. "TRADE PROTECTIONISM, BUSINESS UNCERTAINTY AND MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES' INVESTMENT STRATEGIES: A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FOCUSING ON THE UNITED STATES IN THE LAST TWO DECADES (1996-2016)." Dissertação, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112585.

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Nunes, Tiago Brito. "TRADE PROTECTIONISM, BUSINESS UNCERTAINTY AND MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES' INVESTMENT STRATEGIES: A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FOCUSING ON THE UNITED STATES IN THE LAST TWO DECADES (1996-2016)." Master's thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/112585.

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Leal, Alda Maria Avelino 1957. "A formação continuada dos professores das séries finais de Samambaia no Distrito Federal : um estudo comparado das leis 1961/1971/1996 e suas implicações na docência." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/27540.

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Tese de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Área de especialidade em História da Educação), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2016 Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os aspectos de formação continuada, constituídos ao longo dos percursos de desenvolvimento profissional dos docentes das séries finais do ensino fundamental, na rede pública de ensino de Samambaia no Distrito Federal (DF). Apresentam-se como objetivo de estudo as seguintes questões norteadoras: Quais as perspectivas do professor no sistema educacional brasileiro e do Distrito Federal no contexto das leis de sua formação? Como o estudo comparado das leis e da necessidade de formação continuada pode contribuir para o processo de formação dos professores da rede pública de Samambaia? Para esse fim, abordamos o histórico da formação do professor no Brasil, desde 1961 até os dias atuais, tendo como principal embasamento, as Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e a Formação de Professores - 1961/1971/1996, as quais legalizaram tanto a profissão docente como regularizaram a prática do magistério no Brasil. A seguir, apresentamos a metodologia e os procedimentos que foram utilizados. Na sequência, encontram-se os perfis dos participantes voluntários que forneceram dados necessários para a análise e a discussão do estudo comparado dessas mesmas leis, o que permitiu identificar o seu impacto na formação continuada dos professores da rede pública de Samambaia. Pode dizer-se que essas leis possibilitaram como via de acesso, tanto a formação docente como a instrumentalização profissional e, também, serviram de instrumentos de ação pública que regulam as políticas de formação em âmbito nacional e distrital: uma breve abordagem da legislação brasileira e a formação do educador no DF, com o objetivo de assimilar e compreender o processo de formação continuada dos docentes no Brasil e no DF e, em específico, da cidade de Samambaia. Percebe-se que houve avanços legais, que leis possibilitam essa formação continuada dos professores, permitindo que eles façam cursos a qualquer tempo do seu exercício profissional. A análise apresentou um estudo comparado das Leis. Nº 4.024/61; 5.692/71; 9.394/96; fazendo um paralelo associativo com os depoimentos dos professores entrevistados. Foi identificada à repercussão dessas leis nos procedimentos pedagógicos. Primeiramente, percebeu-se que na lei de 1961 o professor inexistia porque não havia exigência de formação específica para o magistério, ou seja, com certa formação, qualquer pessoa poderia ser professor. Na segunda lei de 1971, o Estado ao legislar priorizou o ensino técnico profissionalizante para o rápido crescimento econômico do país e não fez referência específica à formação para o magistério. Já na terceira e última lei de 1996 houve alcanço porque a lei trouxe no texto os artigos que viabilizaram a melhora do ensino fundamental, pois ela exigiu a formação específica para o professor, e ainda permite que eles realizem cursos de formação continuada. Para fundamentar as questões aqui discutidas, levamos em consideração o contexto histórico das leis, bem como a formação docente e o modo como as leis se estruturaram Constatou-se nesta investigação que as leis apresentam certo impacto nas políticas públicas no que se refere à formação continuada dos docentes, no entanto, na aplicação das leis nas práticas pedagógicas da escola de Educação Básica, de Samambaia, percebemos que as leis são mal aproveitadas pelo poder público. Esses resultados demonstram que, a educação no Brasil ainda continua a passos lentos. This study aims to analyze aspects of continuing education, with courses of professional development for teachers, who teach upper grades of elementary school, in public schools in Samambaia in the Federal District (DF). They are presented as object of study of the following guided questions: What are the prospects of the teacher in the Brazilian educational system and the Federal District in the law context and according to their training? How can the comparative study of laws and the need for continuing education contribute to the process of training of public school teachers in Samambaia? With this objetive, we discuss the history of teacher education in Brazil, from 1961 to the present, the main foundation was the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education and Teacher Training - 1961/1971/1996, which legalized both the teaching profession as well as regulated the practice of teaching in Brazil. Later, we present the methodology and procedures that were used. After that, the profiles of volunteer participants who provided data needed for the analysis and a comparative study of these same laws were shown, which allowed us to identify their impact on the ongoing training of public school teachers in Samambaia. It can be said that these laws are gateways to, both teacher training and professional instrumentation, they are also seen as public instruments for government training policies in National and District level: a brief approach to Brazilian legislation and the training of education in the Federal District, in order to assimilate and understand the process of continuing education of teachers in Brazil and in Federal District, in special the city of Samambaia . It is seen that there were legal developments; laws enable this continuing education, allowing teachers to take courses at any time of their professional practice. The analysis of the law, presented a comparative study of the legislations. No. 4,024 / 61; 5.692 / 71; 9.394 / 96; an associative parallel with the statements of the interviewed teachers. It has identified the impact of those laws on the educational procedures. First of all, it was noticed that in the law in 1961 the teacher did not exist because there was no specific training requirement for teaching, in other words, with some practice, anyone could be a teacher. The second law in 1971, the Government legislation, prioritized technical education because economy was developing so fast and they did not make specific requirements for the training of teachers. In the third and last law in 1996, the objetive was established because the law brought text articles that enabled the improvement of basic education, it required specific training for teachers, and also allowed them to complete continuing education courses. To support the issues discussed here, it was taken into account the historical context of the laws, as well as teacher training and the way the laws were structured. It was found in this research, the laws have some impact on public policies with regard to the continuing training for teachers, however, in applying the laws in the pedagogical practices of the school of Basic Education, in Samambaia, we realized the laws were poorly used by the government. These results demonstrated education in Brazil is still at a slow pace.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1996-2016'

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