Academic literature on the topic '19c. American author'

The article is a fragment of a bigger work on the relationships of three civilizations – America, China and Russia – at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, based on the principle of the «Other». It focuses on the formation of America as aspecial type of civilization in the pace of the past century. It is recorded that in the twentieth century America ceased to be a mere part of the Old World and became an independent type of civilization, and, beginning with Hiroshima, claimed the status of a civilization-leader in geopolitics. The aim of this article is to give an answer to the cultural and philosophical question of where America stands during the early decades of the 20th century from a civilizational perspective. The author proposes a new methodological and conceptual way of reflection connected with shifting from the ideas of O. Spengler, who did not include America in the list of independent civilizations, and extrapolating E. Gibbon's conclusion with regard to the Roman civilization (which America is often compared with) that its fall began at the peak of its development. On the basis of representative empirical material of American cinema (F. F. Coppola's Apocalypse Now, A. Penn's Little Big Man) the author identifies and analyzes the intentions of American culture, showing its transition to the next stage of its history with such signs as the dramatic ideological confrontation between the images of the «empire of trust» and the «empire of evil», the degradation of personality and society affected by the imperial complex, the awareness of the apocalyptic genocide of the ancient Indian civilization. The study provides convincing evidence that contemporary American cinema is becoming a powerful means of both diagnosing the situation of America as it is today and de-mythologizing American «heroic» history. Thus, cinema brings Americans back from their own virtual history-simulacrum to reality, opening up the possibility of a deeper understanding of America both as a civilization type and as a specific collective identity of Americans. Understanding no longer from the point of view of its ruling elite, but simply of a human being. This fact gives hope for establishing deeper human relationships between America and other civilizations which it views as the «Others».

Based on the reality of protests in America in 2020, the author asks about the reasons for the high social activity of modern American citizens. The article examines the impact on this phenomenon of school education in the United States with its methods, techniques and means specific to the formation of a civilly active personality. Taking as a basis such criteria as critical thinking, active citizenship and experience of participation in public life, the author identifies and analyses a number of teaching methods and techniques in US schools that are most conducive to the implementation of these criteria.

Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs) are thought to be caused by dehydration and/or electrolyte losses. In this multicenter, cross-sectional study, the authors determined whether sweat rates (SRs), sweat electrolyte concentrations, or sweat electrolyte content differed in athletes with (i.e., crampers) and without (i.e., noncrampers) a history of EAMCs and whether these variables could predict EAMC-prone athletes. Male and female collegiate athletes (N = 350) from 11 sports with (n = 245) and without (n = 105) a self-reported history of EAMCs completed a typical exercise or conditioning session. SRs, calculated from body mass, and posterior forearm sweat were analyzed for sweat sodium concentration ([Na+]sw), sweat potassium concentration ([K+]sw), and sweat chloride concentration ([Cl−]sw). The authors used SRs and sweat electrolyte concentrations to calculate sweat electrolyte content lost. Within each gender, no differences in SRs (204 males, p = .92; 146 females, p = .24); [Na+]sw (191 males, p = .55; 126 females, p = .55); Na+sw content (191 males, p = .59; 126 females, p = .20); [K+]sw (192 males, p = .57; 126 females, p = .87); K+sw content (192 males, p = .49; 126 females, p = .03); [Cl−]sw (192 males, p = .94; 77 females, p = .57); and Cl−sw content (192 males, p = .55; 77 females, p = .34) occurred between crampers and noncrampers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that sweat electrolyte content and SRs were predictive of EAMC-prone athletes in American football (area under curve = 0.65–0.72, p ≤ .005), but not in any other sport. EAMCs may not be solely caused by fluid or electrolyte losses in most athletes. Fluid and electrolyte replacement may help American footballers. Clinicians should individualize fluid and electrolyte replacement and understand different etiologies for EAMCs.

Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in the United States, with significant morbidity and mortality. Native American children are at increased risk for severe illness during LRTI. Yet, the reasons for this increased risk are poorly understood. Socio-economic status and/or a genetic predisposition have been postulated as possible causes. In addition, the spectrum of LRTI presentations has not been adequately described in this patient population. The objective of this study was to define the clinical presentations of LRTI and highlight the differences between Native American and non-native American previously healthy patients under the age of 24 months. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review during the 2017–2018 respiratory season. We reviewed 357 medical records, and included 192 patients in the analysis that were full term, previously healthy, and met our inclusion criteria. We recorded demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, and outcomes. Results Of 192 patients, 39 were Native American and 153 were non-native American. We found no differences in gestational age, gender or age (median age was 5 and 7 months, respectively) between groups. We found no difference in rates of vaccination, upper respiratory symptoms, cough, wheezing, crackles, increased work of breathing or peripheral white blood cell count at presentation. In addition, we found no differences in antibacterial use or length of antimicrobial therapy during hospitalization. Native American children had a statistically significant higher length of hospitalization (P = 0.01) as well as days of oxygen supplementation (mean 4.9 vs. 3 days; P = 0.006) compared with non-native Americans. Furthermore, Native American children had a significantly higher percentage of PICU admissions (28% vs. 10.4%; P = 0.008) as well as intubation rate (26% vs. 8%; P = 0.04) compared with non-native Americans. Conclusion Native American children had increased length of hospitalization associated with severe illness including longer oxygen supplementation, higher PICU admission rate and need for mechanical ventilatory support. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

The article is devoted to the epistolary legacy of Nelle Harper Lee, the author of the American cult classic To Kill a Mockingbird (1960). The researcher examines a collection of Nelle’s letters written from 1956 to 2009, provides a detailed list of sources and makes suggestions about the potential new discoveries that could shed light on the life of ‘America’s most reclusive author.’ This short study of ‘posthumous baggage,’ as Lee referred to her private correspondence, offers an insight into the interests of the author, who insisted on keeping her personal life to herself. The letters included in the study concern the writer’s relationship to her father Amasa Coleman Lee, on whom she based the character of Atticus Finch, her attitude to her own biography published by Charles Shields, and personal anxieties of her final years. The author also details Lee’s opinions of literature, from the 19th-c. classics to contemporary authors, and shows how much she valued communication with her numerous fans.

Background: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) holds an annual clinical congress which provides the opportunity to present innovative research to academic and community surgeons from around the globe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the publication rate of poster abstracts presented at the 2009 American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress to assess the factors influencing publication and determine the impact factor of these journals.Methods: All posters presented at the 2009 ACS were included in the study. A Pubmed-Medline search was performed to identify a matching journal article. Topics, country of origin, study type, study center and publication year were tabulated. Journals and impact factors of publication were noted.Results: Of the 333 poster abstracts presented, 62 (18.6%) were published as full-text articles. Two studies published well in advance of the meeting were removed. 36/60 (60%) of the published studies were from The United States. The average time to publication was 16.8 months. 51/60 (85%) of the studies were conducted in academic institutions. The average impact factor was 2.88. The median impact factor for studies originating from the United States was 3.3 (0.71-4.5). The median impact factor for international studies was 2.38 (0-7.22). This observation did not reach statistical significance (p=0.102) 8 (13.3%) of these manuscripts were published in the Journal of the American College of Surgeons (the official journal of the meeting). There were several abstract characteristics found to be associated with a higher publication rate. A higher rate was found for abstracts for randomized clinical trials, basic science studies, and university programs. The rates did not differ between author specialties.Conclusion:The publication rate for abstracts presented at the 2009 ACS clinical congress was lower than rates from other fields of medicine. Factors leading to failure to publish were non-randomized trials, non-university affiliation and single center studies. Encouraging authors to submit their presentations for full-text publication might improve the rate of publication. Authors should be wary of accepting poster abstracts as dogma; authors should refrain from citing them in publications especially if they are from outside the United States.

The theoretical framework within which the author reads John Casey’s novel Spartina is the renewed interest in the notion of the regional. The choice of the novel is additionally dictated by the fact it deals with the sea. As such it allows the author to discuss the sea both as it is positioned within the American cultural imaginary and the way that it is represented in works of literature. The article delineates how these two themes are thematized in the novel and what kind of insights they can provide about certain aspects of the American polity.

Several studies have identified inconsistencies between “stated” interpersonal attitudes and those “revealed” after an interaction. The authors used the speed-dating paradigm to examine stated and revealed attitudes in ingroup preferences among Asian American subgroups (Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Filipino Americans). Young single Asian Americans ( n = 198) reported preferences for dating different ethnicities and went on speed dates, after which they could offer second dates to their partners. As expected, all four ethnic subgroups showed clear ingroup biases in stated preferences. Ingroup bias in revealed preferences (measured through date offers and ratings of partners’ mate desirability), however, were minimal. At the individual level, stated ingroup preferences did not significantly predict revealed ingroup preferences. In summary, among young Asian Americans, ingroup preferences may not hold in an interactive scenario. The findings suggest that in the presence of personal cues provided through a brief interaction, people may be less prone to make judgments on the basis of ethnicity, even when consequences extend beyond the laboratory. Furthermore, mechanisms for selecting a partner may differ in “hot” (affective) versus “cold” (cognitive) states.

The aim of this research is to identify the factors that influence the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) strategy in Latin America countries. More specifically, we focus on the study of the degree of SCM strategy involvement into the design of business strategy through the analysis of the following aspects: organization culture, incentive programs for managers, internal alignment, and segmentation. These aspects are evaluated at a firm level of analysis in order to understand how the internal organization gives way to a correct SCM implementation. The authors use a Delphi Methodology on a panel of 13 Latin American experts in SCM and logistics in order to validate a set of SCM constructs that represent different aspects of integration and that should be presented as SCM strategy aspects in the definition of the business strategy of the firm. As a result, the differences in the experts’ opinions regarding the proposed constructs clearly indicate that even the constructs have to be included into the SCM strategy, there is still much to be defined in terms of SCM strategy and how SCM participates in the Business Strategy and, thus clear guidelines must be proposed to enable its proper operationalization. To deepen the phenomenon of SCM as a fundamental part of the strategy of the company and thus analyze in detail the conditions that must be taken within the organization for its further operationalization are a still pending innovative approach in the matter. This study permits to develop a useful framework as a guide to involve SCM strategy into business strategy.

The author examines in this article the professional legal ethics in the United States, more commonly known as “professional responsibility”, as a subject to an unusual pattern of “codification”. Detailed rules historically originated with the legal profession itself, initially in legal doctrine and then a Code of Ethics published in 1887 by the Alabama State Bar Association. Whatever borrowing occurred among states when introducing their own “codes of ethics”, the Alabama model was drawn upon when, in 1908, the American Bar Association approved “32 Canons of Professional Ethics”. The sources of law regulating the professional conduct of lawyers in the United States are several. The legal ethics within state courts is regulated by the courts, the legislative (or parliamentary) organ, and the Bar of each state. Professional responsibility, in the spirit of David Hoffman, has become an integral part of legal education and licensing. Law students take a compulsory course in professional responsibility and are required to pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination administered nationally in the United States by the National Conference of Bar Examiners. The author concludes, that legal ethics has been an integral part of American legal education since the early nineteenth century. In the twentieth century the legal profession itself introduced “private” canons of ethics which were then accepted by the highest courts in virtually all states as rules of professional conduct binding upon all members of the Bar. It remains a distinctive element of the American legal system that binding rules of professional conduct are formed mostly by the courts, and not by the legislature. These rules are initially “codified” by a voluntary non-State organization, adopted by the courts, and then applied by the courts in cases which ultimately become components of the law of precedent; that is, a separate and distinct source of law.

This dissertation describes the genesis of the idea of femicide in a period of English and American Letters, the last decade of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century, in which patriarchal values and constructions were entering a crisis which resulted in the revision of the idea of gender—in a way, that was the period in which the concept of gender was coded. In the first chapter, I look at the way the term femicide was first given currency in the English language in 1827 through Robert Macnish’s The Confessions of an Unexecuted Femicide, a fiction disguised as a true story, and how it spawned a short-lived literary sub-genre. In the second chapter, I examine Poe’s reworking of the femicide story, and to the ways in which he has drawn attention to its Gothic roots. Finally, in the third chapter, I offer a reading of Memoirs of the Author of ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,’ in which I argue that Godwin’s “sentimentalised” portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft, and by extension of the female intellectual, constitutes an implicit refutation of her ideas, and therefore can be profitably compared to the portraits Poe’s femicide narrators make of Morella and Ligeia in the tales named after them.<br>Esta dissertação descreve a génese da ideia de femicídio durante um período nas letras Anglo-saxónicas, entre a última década do séc. XVIII e meados do século seguinte, em que os valores e elaborações ideológicas patriarcais entravam numa crise que conduziria a uma revisão da ideia de género (de certo modo, poder-se-ia mesmo dizer que é nesse período que o conceito de género começa a ser codificado). No primeiro capítulo, descrevo como o termo femicídio ganhou pela primeira vez projecção na língua inglesa depois da publicação, em 1827, de The Confessions of an Unexecuted Femicide de Robert Macnish, uma ficção apresentada ostensivamente como relato verídico que deu origem a um efémero sub-género de ficção, a que chamo “história de femicídio.” No segundo capítulo examino a reinterpretação da história de femicídio por Edgar Allan Poe, e sobre o modo como este autor pôs em evidência as suas raízes góticas. Finalmente, no terceiro capítulo, apresento uma leitura de Memoirs of the Author of ‘A Vindication of the Rights of Woman’ em que argumento que o retrato “sentimentalizado” que Godwin aí faz de Mary Wollstonecraft, e por extensão da mulher intelectual, porquanto constitui uma refutação implícita das ideias dessa autora, ganha em ser comparado com os retratos que os narradores femicídas de Poe fazem das suas esposas em “Morella” e “Ligeia.”

This chapter presents excerpts from two interviews conducted by the author. The first took place on September 19, 2006, two days before the premiere of Lars von Trier's The Boss of It All at the Copenhagen International Film Festival. The second took place on October 3, 2007, which followed up the discussion of The Boss of It All begun in the first interview. Topics covered in these interviews include Trier's interest in Japanese horror movies; how he feels about opening The Boss of It All at the Copenhagen International Film Festival; his sources of inspiration; some of the jokes about Denmark, Iceland that Americans might not get, given that The Boss of It All is one of his most Danish films; and differences between European and American capitalism.

This article reviews scholarship on the transatlantic slave trade. The foundations of a slave trade historiography date to the late eighteenth-century abolition movements in North America, Britain, and France. Before then, occasional voices sounded in protest. The Dominican friar Tomás de Mercado, for example, published in 1569 an anti-slave trade tract based on his observations of slave sales in Seville and of the institution of slavery in Mexico. From 1698 to 1714, 198 pamphlets concerning the Royal African Company's monopoly were published in England. With the founding of the world's first antislavery crusade, antislavery advocates came to predominate among the researchers who were seeking information on the slave trade. Abolitionist energies coalesced in 1787–9 in London with the formation of anti-slave trade committees and the subsequent British parliamentary inquiries. In this three-year period at least twenty-five British, American, and French authors wrote about the slave trade, a total that would not be reached again until the 1970s, when academics organized the first major conferences on Atlantic slaving.

This chapter reviews the book Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America: Identity Transitions in the New Odessa Jewish Commune, Odessa, Oregon, New York, 1881–1891 (2014), by Theodore H. Friedgut, together with Israel Mandelkern, Recollections of a Communist (edited and annotated by Theodore H. Friedgut). Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America is a two-in-one volume that explores an obscure episode in the history of the Jews in the late nineteenth century while at the same time connecting much of its content to the author’s own life experience as a son of western Canada’s Jewish farming colonies and, later, as an ideologically driven halutz on an Israeli kibbutz. Stepmother Russia, Foster Mother America retells one branch of the mostly forgotten history of the Am Olam agricultural movement and brings a new layer into the discussion of global Jewish agrarianism, while Recollections of a Communist offers an edited and annotated version of a memoir written by Mandelkern.

In this chapter, the author utilizes a reflexive approach to examine their experience revising a core course focused on identity, belonging, and exclusion in a categorized world that is housed in an international higher education graduate program in the United States. The author describes their positionality as a first-generation American and daughter of Haitian immigrants and how it informs their approaches in the classroom. Included in the chapter is a description of the author's teaching philosophy and how it is operationalized in practice. This is followed by a discussion on how external events, both locally and globally, including the COVID-19 pandemic and racial injustice in the U.S., has implications for their teaching. The author includes a description of course activities followed by excerpts from students' evaluation of the course. The chapter concludes with the author's reflection on student outcomes and their teaching experience.

The COVID-19 pandemic assumed an international health threat, and in turn, spotlighted the distinct disparities in civil rights, opportunity, and inclusion witnessed by lived experiences of African Americans. Although these harsh disparities have existed through the United States of America's history, the age of technology and mass media in the 21st century allows for a deeper and broader look into the violation of African Americans civil liberties in virtual real time. Also, historically, the sports world has been instrumental in fighting for the civil rights of African Americans; athletes such as Jesse Owens and Muhammed Ali led by example. This chapter will showcase how the sports world continues to support social justice overall and specifically during this international pandemic. The authors will examine contemporary events like the transition in support for Colin Kaepernick's protest against police brutality and the NBA play-off (Bubble) protest in 2020.

This chapter presents theoretical discussions about advancing the demarginalization of African American students at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) by bringing in insights from Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction perspectives. Here, the authors discuss demarginalization related to certain intra-racial and intersecting class, gender, and mental health issues emerging since COVID-19 and online learning. The ideas presented here are equally viable in student face-to-face and virtual learning environments. It begins with discussing marginalization and Afrocentric and symbolic-interaction theories. It reviews relevant literature about the history of African American education since the American Civil War, including 19th and 20th century reconstructions, Jim Crow, the rise of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, the Black student campus union and Black power movements, and other relevant happenings in Black American education.

The author uses testimonio as a way to situate the barriers and successes she has experienced as a Latina educational leader in Northern Colorado for 25 years. The setting is based in the backdrop of several worldwide issues in 2020 which created a dire need to address diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and social justice within industries and organizations, including educational systems. 1) National political division, 2) disparate access to healthcare and the disproportionate numbers of deaths to COVID-19, and 3) murders of Black Americans by law enforcement have re-affirmed the dehumanization of Black and Brown Americans. Solutions and recommendations are shared based on her shared experiences in moving a DEI educational agenda forward.

Looking ahead toward future empirical work conducted collaboratively by researchers and teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic and in post-pandemic times, this chapter identifies contemporary and emerging types of research and research approaches to meet new challenges and answer newer questions. The chapter focuses on emergent research approaches for collaborative studies conducted in and on partnerships. Such emergent research approaches as design-based implementation research, improvement science, developmental evaluation research, impact research, netnography, and microethnograpy are included in the chapter. Each research approach is defined and described in the context of a partnership setting. The author concludes the chapter with remarks about paradigm wars and promising research (e.g., holism vs. reductionism).

Due to the strong economic position of Chile within Latin America and the existing deficit of research, this chapter focuses on Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises (EMNEs) from Chile. It draws upon institutional theory to analyze case studies on the internationalization process of 19 Chilean firms with outward Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). The authors find that market-seeking FDI is the major motivation for investing abroad. With respect to the geographical scope of outward FDI, the authors investigate that Latin America is the dominating destination for outward FDI by Chilean firms. Moreover, the results show that acquisitions and joint ventures are popular when investing in developed economies, whereas both greenfield investments and acquisitions are chosen most often when entering other emerging economies. Finally, the authors observe that Chilean firms internationalize rather late in their life cycle (i.e., they need a long time span between foundation and the first outward FDI). However, the authors do not find support for the proposition that Chilean firms enter a second or third foreign market faster when the cultural distance of the market is low.

In this chapter, the authors discuss the effects of working from home amid two pandemics. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) struck hard in March 2020, shifting what we know as higher education and magnified racial and income disparities in America. Higher education institutions quickly decided to close their doors to hundreds of thousands of students and send them home to their families across the country. Students, faculty, and administrators alike all scrambled to persevere and complete the Spring 2020 semester. Simultaneously, the untimely and gruesome murders of George Floyd, Ahmaud Abury, and Breonna Taylor were watched in real-time and magnified racial tensions and violence in America. The authors use anti-Black womanism to introduce the tale of two professionals who work in higher education. This chapter aims to detail the experience of working in higher education while being Black women professionals during two pandemics. Throughout this chapter, they have the goal to share narratives of being Black women professionals.

This chapter considers the other predominant figure of late 19^th century manhood, one often directed at a middle-class readership, Spanish fantasy heritage. This chapter examines Spanish fantasy heritage as a process of racialization responding to the dual nature of U.S. citizenship that distinguished between state and federal citizenship. This chapter recovers the work of author Adolfo Carrillo whose collection of short stories, Cuentos Californianos, counters the racialization of Mexican Americans within this climate of changing legal structures through its treatment of the fantasy heritage. This chapter further asserts the need to read U.S. culture multilingually in order to understand its full complexity.

The rapid political and economic changes taking place in Latin America are primarily due to the collision of neoliberalism with its opponents, who have largely managed to determine a new trajectory of development for many countries. The statement in this regard about the end of neoliberalism, according to the author, is premature, although it provides a field for additional observations of the ongoing processes. Interesting are the analogies with Russia and the revealed stages of transition of countries from the left to the right political spectrum.

To realise how crises are disseminated is relevant for policy makers and regulators in order to take appropriate measures to prevent or contain the propagation of crises. This study aims to analysis the financial contagion in the six main markets of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) and the USA, in the period 2015-2020. Different approaches have been undertaken to carry out this analysis in order to consider the following research question, namely whether: (i) the global pandemic covid19 has accentuated the contagion between Latin American financial markets and the US? The results of the autocorrelation tests are totally coincident with those obtained by the BDS test. The rejection of the null hypothesis, i.i.d., can be explained, among other factors, by the existence of autocorrelation or by the existence of heteroscedasticity in the stock market index series, in which case the rejection of the null hypothesis is explained by non-linear dependence on data, with the exception of the Argentine market. However, significant levels of contagion were expected to occur between these regional markets and the US as a result of the global pandemic (Covid-19), which did not happen. These results may indicate the implementation of efficient diversification strategies. The authors consider that the results achieved are relevance for investors who seek opportunities in these stock markets, as well as for policy makers to carry out institutional reforms in order to increase the efficiency of stock markets and promote the sustainable growth of financial markets.

The American National Institute of Mental Health announced that 10% of the total adult population has some kind of phobia. With the appearance of the COVID - 19 infection, and the huge consequences it left behind, there is a growing fear of people deciding to travel. There is a growing fear of infection after a year, but also a fear of lack of money, at a time when protection measures have destroyed tourism and hospitality. About 6,000 experts, including many scientists from the UK, say Covid measures are physically and mentally harmful to health, as well as to the social environment and the economy. The authors of the paper conducted an online research on the degree of strength of two types of fear that potentially influence the decision to travel. The research was conducted during 2020, on a total sample of 250 respondents. Confirming the reliability of the questionnaire, the obtained results were processed in the software SPSS, 23.00. Descriptive statistical analysis, and multiple regression analysis, confirmed the hypothesis that fears are present in all respondents, and that both types of fears are important in predicting and making travel decisions.

Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.