Academic literature on the topic '19th (1861- )'
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Journal articles on the topic "19th (1861- )"
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Cuno, Kenneth M. "African Slaves in 19th-Century Rural Egypt." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090588.
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By all accounts, the population of enslaved Africans in Egypt increased in the 19th century compared to earlier times. An estimated 5,000 African slaves were imported annually during the 1840s and 1850s, and as few as 1,000 in 1860. However, during the cotton boom (1861–64), some 25,000 to 30,000 slaves were brought to Egypt each year to satisfy the demand for labor generated by the rapid expansion of cotton cultivation.
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Ellis, Michael. "Mapping Southern American English, 1861-1865." Journal of Linguistic Geography 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2016.6.
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Since April 2015 is the sesquicentennial of the end of the Civil War, now is a particularly appropriate time to review the progress of the Corpus of American Civil War Letters (CACWL) project and to suggest directions it might go in the future. Since 2007, we have located and collected images of nearly 11,000 letters and transcribed over 9,000 of these, totaling well over four million words. Of the transcribed letters, just over 6,000 were written by southerners (490 individual letter writers), a corpus extensive enough to begin identifying and describing what features were distinctively Southern in 19th-century American English. We have already mapped many of these features that are especially common in southern letters, for example, fixing to, howdy, past tense/past participle hope ‘helped’, qualifier tolerable, intensifier mighty, pronoun hit, and the noun heap. By way of comparison, we also have a somewhat smaller but rapidly growing collection of 3,000 transcribed letters written by individuals from northern states, and variant features from these letters are also being mapped. The work at present is very preliminary; there are thousands of additional letters to be collected and transcribed, particularly from northern states and from states west of the Mississippi. However, by mapping variants from letters that have already been transcribed, we can begin to get a better understanding of regional differences, as well as how regional features spread westward in the decades before the Civil War. We can also begin to obtain some sense of how American English in general, and particularly its regional dialects, may have changed since the mid 19th century. This article presents a preview of a number of those findings.
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Sadovoy, A. N., and M. V. Belozerova. "Circassian Mejlis (1861-1863): Methodological Aspects of Ethnosocial Research." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 5(115) (November 30, 2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)5-14.
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The article is devoted to the study of the "Circassian Mejlis" (1861-1863). This social institution "Circassian Mejlis" in regional historiography is considered as a representative body of power of the subethnos of the Adygs (Ubykhs, Shapsugs and others) - the autochthonous population of the Black Sea coast of the 19th century. A scientific criticism of the concepts presented in regional historiography and the Internet, in which the Mejlis is considered as a state authority, is given. Based on the structural-functional and comparative analysis of historiographic sources, facts and judgments about the reasons for the formation, structure and functions of this social institution are generalized. The signs of ethnosocial and axiological approaches to the analysis of ethnopotestary processes in the border zones of southern Russia at the end of the 19th century are revealed. It is noted that the content of the administrative-territorial and social reform proposed by the Majlis is of high importance in the ethnic history of the Adyghe sub-ethnic groups of the Western Caucasus as one of the stages in the formation of institutions of state power. The possibilities of integrating social institutions formed by subethnos of the Western Caucasus into the structure of the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Port in the middle of the 19th century are considered. The focus is on the genesis of the Mejlis as a social institution was a vivid indicator of the processes of ethnopoliti-cal consolidation that determined the specifics of regional national and confessional policy in the transboundary zone of southern Russia during the imperial period.
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Chrzanowski, Tomasz. "Competition between Warmian cities for the Royal Progymnasium in Reszel in 19th century: Olsztyn’s offensive in the years 1861–1863." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 308, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134770.
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The article regards a single episode from a longstanding competition for the Royal Progymnasium in Reszel between Warmian cities in the 19th century. The preserved archival materials allow for a more in-depth analysis of the efforts of Olsztyn in the years 1861–1861 to gain this secondary school. The city attempted to out-bid Lidzbark Warmiński by declaring, among others, the purchase of the Olsztyn castle to serve the needs of the school. Its authorities expressed their preliminary interest in the offer; however, the negotiations lasted for months until Olsztyn authorities assured the completion of all requirements outlined by the provincial school college in Königsberg. Olsztyn’s offer was so compelling that the Ministry of Education initially agreed to translocate the school. Yet, Reszel authorities soon began their diplomatic offensive that convinced Berlin to leave the progymna-sium in their city and transform it into a full-scale secondary school – a gymnasium.The efforts of Olsztyn authorities had, nevertheless, a significant influence over the final shape of the network of secondary schools in Warmia in the 19th century, although in the dynamically developing Olsztyn of that time such a school appeared as late as in 1970s. In the conclusions, the author additionally attests that there is a clear relationship in the way of thinking of the then elites between the offer of education above primary level and specific economic calculations; the possibility of gaining education in secondary schools was connected with perspectives of further development of the city. The efforts of the cities were the decisive factor in the rapid devel-opment of the network of Eastern Prussian secondary schools in the second half of 19th century.
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Ábrahám, Barna. "A nemzetiségi törvény szlovák szemmel." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2020.02.06.
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As a starting point, the study underlines that one cannot speak about a homogenous Slovak nation and politics in the middle of the 19th century; therefore, it gives an overview of the plebeian-middle-class movement, of its system of values, programme, and documents in 1848—1849, 1861, and in the period of the Compromise negotiations. Afterwards, it presents the nobility of Upper Hungary, with a Slovak mother tongue and ethnic feeling, who, according to its identity in the framework of the states, has belonged to the feudal Natio Hungarica. As the narrower focus of the study, the author takes the Slovak perspective and summarizes the ethnic dimensions of the activity of parliaments in 1861 and from 1865 on. The Slovak national movement could not send its own deputy, the interests of the Slavs of northern Hungary thus being represented by Adolf Dobriansky, born as a Ruthenian; however, the Nationalities Law, Art. 1868: XLIV. could be codified rather due to the mentioned Slovak-speaking nobility, standing behind the party of Ferenc Deák. Finally, we are provided a picture of the rival programmes of different newspapers that divided the Slovak public opinion, and in connection with the law we can read about their first reactions and experiences.
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Jansen, Justin J. F. J. "Towards the resolution of long-standing issues regarding birds collected during the Baudin expedition to Australia and Timor (1800–1804): specimens still present, and their importance to Australian ornithology." Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 186, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 51–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jzh-2018-0003.
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Abstract This paper is a follow-up to Jansen 2014 and Jansen 2016b. There are 228 Australian bird specimens preserved in European museums today, collected in 1801–1803 during the expedition commanded by Nicolas Baudin to Australia and Timor. No less than 397 specimens accumulated during the Baudin expedition still survive. The Australian bird collection made during and preserved from the Baudin expedition was the most significant up to that time, though subsequently surpassed by the collecting activities of John Gilbert (1838–1845), John Gould (1838–1840) and Jules Verreaux (1842–1852). The Baudin Timor (Moluccas) collection is likewise notable in size, with 117 bird specimens still preserved; it was the first collecting executed by Westerners and subsequently brought back to Europe, later surpassed by the collecting activities of Salomon Müller (1828–1829), Alfred Wallace (1858–1861) and Heinrich Bernstein (1860–1864). In this article, I present data on Baudin specimens in Europe’s oldest museum collections. I also traced other birds collected in Australia from the second half of the 18th century and first decade of the 19th century. I furthermore comment on the possible sources of some material, whether the specimens are still in existence, and finally, the importance of the Baudin expedition for Australian ornithology.
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Hourmat, Françoise. "Some French Amateurs of the 2nd Half of the 19th Century." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092216.
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At that period there was keen popular interest in astronomy, and in many Paris squares, astronomers with terrestrial refractors gave talks on astronomy for a small sum. Léon Joubert created a observatory for scientific research and popularisation, allowing anyone to learn about the universe and use good instruments. He made 120 instruments: refractors, reflectors, projectors, and photographic instruments.Hermann Goldschmidt (1802–1866), born at Frankfurt am Main 17 June 1802, had poor health, became a painter and sought his fortune in Paris. He became an astronomer by accident after following a course of lectures at the Sorbonne given by Le Verrier. From a modest studio on the 6th floor of an old house in the heart of Paris, he discovered 14 minor planets between 1852 and 1861, the first being called Lutetia by Arago.
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Tarkowski, Mikołaj. "U źródeł polityki generał-gubernatora wileńskiego hrabiego Michaiła Nikołajewicza Murawjowa wobec kwestii chłopskiej i osadnictwa rosyjskiego na Litwie (1863–1865)." Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 69, no. 1 (October 4, 2018): 211–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2017.1.10.
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The article contains a description of the characteristics of the legal acts devoted to the status of the peasant population and of the settler population in the northwestern governorates of the Russian Empire between 1863 and 1865. The rule of Mikhail Muravyov, the governor general of Vilnius, was a significant period. In the duration of his rule, the Russian administration repeatedly undertook steps to realize the Emancipation Reform of 19th February 1861, while also taking into consideration the events connected with the January Uprising. To that end, political actions were undertaken as well as various types of legal acts were passed in relation to the peasant population. Moreover, this group was considered to a large degree to be “indigenously Russian” according to the local authorities. It was supposed to be a social stratum, together with the practically and legally supported group of settlers from the governorate from the interior of the Empire, used to politically and economically weaken the nobility which occupied the Northwestern Krai.
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Woźniewska-Działak, Magdalena. "Nineteenth Century Writers on Poland’s History in the Context of National Identity: Mickiewicz – Kraszewski – Norwid." Ruch Literacki 57, no. 4 (September 1, 2016): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ruch-2017-0072.
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Summary This study is part of a larger project focused on the 19th-century understanding of national identity, Polishness, the idea of a community and the idea of a state. The article examines some historiographic texts of Adam Mickiewicz’s First Series of Lectures on Slavic Literature (December 1840–June 1841), Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s Lectures on Civilisation in Poland (1861) and Cyprian Norwid’s ‘Boga-Rodzica’ [Bogurodzica] – a literary-historical interpretation (1873). Although these writers held widely opposed views, their portrayals of Poland’s history seem to have a lot in common. The texts analyzed here are remarkably consistent in their representations of Poland, the nation and the state, on its long historic road before the fatal partitions; they also show the importance of the Age of the Piasts and the Age of the Jagiellons for the 19th-century reflection on Polish identity.
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Shcherbakova, I. K. "Agrarian reforms of Russia at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries in the coverage of economists of the XX century." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 5 (July 6, 2021): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2021-5-141-144.
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The article analyses the features of the development of agriculture in Russia at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century. The paper studies and considers attempts to solve the agrarian issue in the specified period. The study considers the course and results of the reform of 1861, as well as economic reforms of the beginning of the 20th century. The author gives an assessment of these reforms, as well as the situation of the peasantry made by the leading economists of that time: N.D. Kondrat'ev, S.L. Maslov, A.V. Peshekhonov, A.V. Chayanov, and also analyses the measures aimed at alleviating the situation of the peasantry and solving the agrarian problems of that period. The research paper also presents a comparative analysis of the consequences of the 1861 reform, its impact on the solution of the agrarian issue in different parts of the Russian Empire, in particular in Poland after the Polish Uprising of 1863.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "19th (1861- )"
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Stites, Russell. "Creating the Character of North Texas: Demographics and Geography, 1841-1861." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609095/.
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Several historians have identified North Texas as constituting a unique cultural region in antebellum Texas, due to the more limited cotton and slave economies and greater opposition to secession. Different settlement patterns have been put forward as an explanation for the distinct "character" of North Texas, with North Texas being portrayed as being settled largely by migrants from the Upper South while the rest of the state was primarily settled by Lower Southerners. The argument rests on the assumption of differing economic and political cultures between Upper and Lower Southerners. This study investigates migration into North Texas counties and the economic life and secession vote in those counties. It challenges the simplistic dichotomy between migrants from the Upper and Lower South by demonstrating the similar rates at which these two groups grew cotton and owned slaves. It also illustrates how geographic considerations better explain the apparent distinctions between North Texas and the rest of the state. Transportation limitations are likely the reason for the more limited cultivation of cotton and, consequently, the lowered importance of slavery in North Texas. Concerns about Indian depredations following the removal of federal troops in the case of secession also seem to have promoted Unionist turnout in the secession vote. The seemingly unique qualities of North Texas appear to have been more practical than political.
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Gilliland, Jason A. "Residential mobility in Montreal, 1861-1901." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68095.
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Residential change is a pervasive condition of North American society. In a lifetime, a person may go through many decisive and interrelated changes in occupational status, family situation and dwelling-place. This research tests the relationships among three major processes: residential mobility, social mobility, and family formation in Montreal between 1861 and 1901. Using sample households from three cultural communities: French Canadian, Irish Catholic, and British Protestants, it was determined that the majority of households were highly mobile, yet remained within a compact geographical area. Mobility is seen as a response to a changing set of needs and opportunities, and families facilitated adjustment through extensive networks of kinship and neighbouring.Studies of present-day household mobility provide a well-developed set of theories, on which several hypotheses were based. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using the binomial logit model to assess the relative effects of ethnicity, tenure, occupational status, age, household size, marital status and rent, on rates of household persistence.
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Alves, Cláudio José 1970. "Natureza e cultura nas ilustrações da Comissão Científica de Exploração, (1851-1861)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280561.
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Orientador: Luiz Cesar Marques FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Essa Tese refere-se à iconografia da Comissão Científica de Exploração enviada ao Ceará, em 1859 até 1861, por D. Pedro II. As aquarelas, os desenhos e as litografias da expedição foram produzidos a partir da atuação do pintor José dos Reis Carvalho, do poeta Gonçalves Dias e dos naturalistas Francisco Freire Alemão e Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Ao compararmos o trabalho de José dos Reis Carvalho para a Comissão Científica de Exploração com as influências estéticas de sua época, nele iremos perceber que, ao tratar da questão da seca, expressou elementos próprios da realidade local e da cultura brasileira, ali identificadas com o sertanejo e seu modo de vida na aridez da caatinga. Como um ilustrador científico, mas com um padrão estético próprio, deu às suas obras um caráter histórico envolto de questões sociais da época e representou o homem em conflito com uma paisagem que o hostilizava. Por meio de artigos e manuscritos sob as questões climáticas e culturais relacionadas ao Ceará, e pela bibliografia adquirida pela Comissão Científica de Exploração, delimitamos o espaço documental que justificou a produção iconográfica do pintor voltada para o tema das secas e para os costumes locais. O poeta Gonçalves Dias compôs um indianismo no qual se voltou a reconstituir a identidade nacional através das reminiscências culturais das antigas tribos Tupis e Tapuias. Permitiu o nascimento de uma etnografia de caráter científico baseada nas características linguísticas, tecnológicas e estéticas destes povos antigos e presentes nos grupos indígenas existentes no período. Os artefatos que ele recolheu no Amazonas, remeteu ao Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e foram litografados pelo Imperial Instituto Artístico, expressam a importância que estes objetos assumiram como documentos iconográficos relacionados à História da Cultura Brasileira que esteve motivada por uma ideologia nativista. O botânico Francisco Freire Alemão e o zoólogo Manoel Ferreira Lagos, além de promoverem a identificação e a classificação de diversas espécies da biodiversidade cearense, dedicaram-se a produzir registros visuais para inaugurarem uma produção bibliográfica ilustrada no Brasil que ainda era incipiente. O interesse pela aplicação das técnicas acadêmicas do desenho Freire Alemão manifestou em seus singelos desenhos de vilas e plantas presentes na Biblioteca Nacional e outros que foram publicados na revista Guanabara. No entanto, sua maior e mais relevante produção iconográfica relacionada à botânica está na sua Flora Cearense, um manuscrito de valioso valor estético e histórico
Abstract: This thesis refers to the iconography of the Scientific Exploration Commission sent to Ceará, from 1859 until 1861, by D.Pedro II. The watercolors, drawings and lithographs of the expedition were produced in the work of the painter José Carvalho dos Reis, the poet Gonçalves Dias along with the naturalists Francisco Freire Alemão and Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Comparing the work of José dos Reis Carvalho with the aesthetic influences of his age, we will realize that, when addressing the issue of drought, he attempted to identify in Brazilian culture the proper elements of the local reality. As a scientific illustrator, but with a proper aesthetic standard, promoted in his works a historical character of social issues in his epoch and represented the Brazilian man conflict with the hostile landscape. Through articles and manuscripts on themes related to Ceará climate and culture, and literature acquired by the Scientific Exploration Commission, we delimited a documental research that was justified by the painter iconographical production turned into issue of drought and local culture. The poet Gonçalves Dias wrote an Indianism in which the identity of Brazilian people was reconstructed through the cultural remnants of Tupi and Tapuias ancient tribes. He allowed the birth of an ethnography scientific nature based on linguistic features, technology and aestheticism of these ancient people in the indigenous groups presented in his time. The artifacts he has collected in the Amazon were sent to the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro and they were lithographed by the Imperial Art Institute, which express the importance of these objects as iconographic documents related to the history of art and culture in Brazil. The botanist Francisco Freire Alemão and the zoologist Manoel Ferreira Lagos, beyond promoting the identification and classification of several biodiversity species in Ceará, they produced visual records to inaugurate an illustrated bibliographical production in Brazil, which was still incipient at that. The interest of Freire Alemão, in applying the academic techniques of drawing, was expressed in his single drawing of villages and plants present in the National Library and others that were published in Guanabara. However, his greatest and most relevant iconographic production related to botany is in his Flora of Ceará, a manuscript of valuable historical and aesthetic value
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Silva, Maria Antonia Couto da. "Um monumento ao Brasil = considerações acerca da recepção do livro Brasil Pitoresco, de Victor Frond e Charles Ribeyrolles (1859-1861)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280228.
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Orientador : Cláudia Valladão de MattosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Nesta tese analisei a recepção do livro Brasil Pitoresco, de autoria dos franceses Charles Ribeyrolles e Victor Frond (1859-1861), considerado pelo crítico Alexandre Eulálio como um dos "mais altos momentos da nossa iconografia oitocentista". A consulta aos periódicos do fim dos anos 1850 e inicio da década seguinte revelou novos dados sobre o contexto histórico em que a publicação foi realizada e, sobretudo, acerca de sua importância no meio artístico brasileiro. O livro apresenta um conjunto de imagens que associam fotografia e litografia, duas inovações técnicas relacionadas ã modernidade. Em relação à repercussão do livro, duas cartas do escritor Victor Hugo destinadas a Ribeyrolles, amplamente divulgadas em sua época, nos levam a refletir sobre o papel relevante que a fotografia e a litografia assumiram no campo artístico brasileiro no século XIX, e sobre a importância do livro enquanto obra de caráter abolicionista e liberal. Concebido para representar o Brasil na Exposição Universal de Londres em 1862, o livro causou grande impacto em sua época, tanto pelo texto como pelas ilustrações. Entre as litografias, produzidas na França a partir das fotografias de Frond, podemos destacar a série de vistas do Rio de Janeiro e a que registra o trabalho escravo nas fazendas fluminenses, a mais conhecida atualmente. As imagens do Brasil Pitoresco, amplamente divulgadas, ganharam autonomia em relação ao livro, e trouxeram inovações formais que se revelaram importantes para a produção de pintores e fotógrafos do período.
Abstract: In this thesis I have analyzed the reception of the book the Brazil Pittoresco (Picturesque Brazity, produced by the French Charles Ribeyrolles and Victor Frond (1859-1861), and considered by the critic Alexandre Eulálio as one of the "highest moments of our 19th century iconography". The search on periodicals of the end of the 1850's and the beginning of the following decade has revealed new data about the historical context of the book's publication and, moreover, about its importance to the artistic Brazilian realm. The book presents a series of images that associate photography with lithography, two technical innovations that relate to modernity. Repercussion wise, two letters from the writer Victor Hugo to Ribeyrolles, amply publicized back then, lead us into reflecting upon the relevant role assumed by the book regarding the 19th century Brazilian artistic realm and upon its importance as a liberal and abolitionist work. Conceived in order to represent Brazil in the 1862's London Universal Exhibition, the book produced a huge impact on its times, be it because of its text or because of its illustrations. Among the lithographs, which were produced in France from Frond's photographs, we call attention upon the Rio de Janeiro's landscape series and the one that records slave work at haciendas in the Fluminense region. The latter is the most studied nowadays. The Brazil Pittoresco images, which were amply publicized, gained autonomy and brought about formal innovations that proved to be important for the production of painters and photographers of the period.
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Godoi, Rodrigo Camargo de 1980. "Um editor no Império : Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861)." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281161.
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Orientador: Jefferson CanoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Por intermédio da biografia de Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), esta tese investiga o aparecimento do editor moderno no Rio de Janeiro no momento em que esses empreendedores de bens culturais impressos igualmente surgiam em diferentes cidades do ocidente, como Paris e Nova York. No caso brasileiro, fazer frente ao consumo de literatura francesa na capital do Império, bem como forjar alianças políticas no contexto de formação do Estado Nacional foram fatores determinantes no processo estudado
Abstract: Analysing the biography of Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), this dissertation investigates the emergence of modern publishers in Rio de Janeiro, at a time when these entrepreneurs appeared in different cities worldwide such as Paris and New York. In the Brazilian case, determining factors in this process were the need to forge political alliances in the context of the Nation's birth, as well as the confrontation of the consumption of French literature at the Empire's capital
Doutorado
Historia Social
Doutor em História
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Brill, Kristen Cree. "Rewriting southern womanhood in the American Civil War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608254.
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Romero-Valderrama, Ana. "La coalición pedracista : elecciones y rebeliones para una re-definición de la participación política en México (1826-1828)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1905.
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The pedracista electoral coalition that was formed in Mexico during the 1828 presidential elections was deliberately ignored by the traditional historiography of the early national period. Instead it concentrated on the leaders of the liberal struggle, deeming this alliance unworthy of study. There were essentially two key reasons why this happened. On the one hand, General Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789-1851) was not an archetypal liberal patriot in the mould of those heroes that were exalted and written about by Mexico’s Porfirian and PRIísta historians. His politics were associated with a certain ideological indeterminateness as a result of his moderate stance, proving problematic to historians who were intent on developing a liberal and subsequently post-revolutionary historia patria. On the other hand, the official historiography accepted, unquestioningly, the critical version of his actions that his opponents circulated at the time. As a result of this, the yorkino version of the events is the one that prevailed, casting Pedraza in the role of staunch anti-yorkino in a simplistic bipartisan vision of Mexican politics that depicted the political tensions of the time as a clear-cut confrontation between the pedracista aristocrats and the democratic yorkino followers of mulatto hero of the War of Independence, General Vicente Guerrero (1783-1831). This two-dimensional dichotomy has only recently started to be nuanced by the revisionist historiography of the last thirty years. This has been due, in great measure, to the fact that the traditional interpretation of the pedracista coalition posed a number of significant problems when attempting to understand the political behaviour of the people involved. Above all, it was an interpretation that proved incapable of explaining how such a variety of political tendencies, represented by those individuals who joined the alliance that backed Pedraza’s presidential candidacy, could have come together; i.e., anti-masonic groups, the imparciales, certain yorkinos and former escoceses. This thesis aims to explain what brought these individuals, whose political ideas were ostensibly incompatible, together, in what resulted in a particularly resourceful and successful electoral force. The pedracista coalition represented the first political formation in Mexico that came together specifically to win a presidential election. It was one which set out to bring an end to the political interference of Masonic societies in Mexico, and in particular, that of the Rite of York lodges. It also challenged the yorkinos’ electoral campaign by criticising their leader, Guerrero, and, by highlighting the negative aspects of their Masonic faction. It pointed out, moreover, the dangers inherent in a central administration led by guerrerista yorkinos and, in so doing, made clear the problems that were to be found in the political ideas these individuals stood for, depicting them as partisan, ignorant, and representative of the popular classes. The pedracista coalition argued that the presidency needed to go to someone who did not belong to any particular party, who was virtuous, who was renowned for being hard-working and energetic in government, and who belonged to the exclusive circles frequented by the “hombres de bien”. Given that Pedraza won the elections, it is evident that his coalition benefited from a constitutional structure that favoured his candidacy, gaining, at the same time, the public validation of the governmental authorities in place at the time. However, Pedraza’s candidacy was defeated by the armed mobilizations that ensued in the pronunciamientos pro-yorkino followers launched from October to November 1828, and was consequently eliminated from the political scene until late 1832 given that the leaders of the imparciales as well as Pedraza himself chose not to fight back or support a counter-revolution. During the electoral campaign, the pedracista coalition displayed, with astounding clarity, what it thought were the essential qualities a president needed to possess and, likewise presented a distinctive appreciation of how it thought the Mexican political class should behave. In this sense, the coalition’s views, captured in its votes, networks and press articles, offer a fascinating snapshot of what were the fundamental themes of the Mexican republic during its formative years as a nation-state, and how this ignored political grouping interpreted them. Of particular interest is the manner in which the pedracista coalition explored the ways in which political legitimacy, participation and representation were to be understood, defended, and systematised. By studying the pedracista coalition this thesis offers, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the nature and dynamics of Mexican politics in the mid-late 1820s, as experienced, discussed, and represented by the short-lasting yet effective alliance that was forged around the candidacy of Manuel Gómez Pedraza.
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Magness, Penny J. "An Application of Marxian and Weberian Theories of Capitalism: the Emergence of Big Businesses in the United States, 1861 to 1890." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801922/.
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This study was an examination of businesses that became big businesses in the United States during the time period between the years of 1861 and 1890, a period of time frequently referred to as the “big business era.” The purpose of the study was to identify actions taken by businesses that enabled them to become and remain big businesses. A secondary purpose of the study was to show that these actions were explained by theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber. The results of the study showed that businesses which took specific actions were able to become and remain big businesses and these actions were explained by the theories of Marx and Weber. The results of the study demonstrate the ability of classical sociological theory to explain macro-level social change.
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Anderson, Scott Patrick 1956. "The adminstrative and social reforms of Russia's military, 1861-1874: Dmitrii Miliutin against the ensconced power elite." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11004.
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x, 90 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.As a key figure in Imperial Russia's Great Reforms from 1861 to 1874, Count Dmitrii Alekseevich Miliutin has received a good deal of attention by historians and scholars; however, his recently published memoirs have yet to be used extensively as the foundation for any study. Having them readily at one's fingertips would be a boon by itself, but to examine them using a different methodology could potentially provide a totally unique perspective. The methodology in question was based on the assumption that war influenced societies and society affected how war was conducted. By reexamining Imperial Russia's military administrative and social reforms with the newly published memoirs and afore-mentioned methodology, Miliutin's logic in formulating the reforms became apparent, as did his intended results, which included a challenge to the privileged status of Russia's ensconced power elites.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Alan Kimball, Chair; Dr. Julie Hessler; Dr. Alex Dracobly
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Smith, Cessna R. "The Pursuit of Commerce: Agricultural Development in Western Oregon, 1825-1861." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/258.
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This thesis examines how the pursuit of commercial gain affected the development of agriculture in western Oregon's Willamette, Umpqua, and Rogue River Valleys. The period of study begins when the British owned Hudson's Bay Company began to farm land in and around Fort Vancouver in 1825, and ends in 1861--during the time when agrarian settlement was beginning to expand east of the Cascade Mountains. Given that agriculture in Oregon, as elsewhere, would eventually reach a standard of national development, and given that most of Oregon's immigrants arrived poor and lacked the farm implements needed for subsistence, the question this study asks is what methods and motivations guided Oregon's first agrarian settlers to improve their industry? It is the central premise of this study that commerce was the sine qua non of agricultural development, and that commercial gain was the incentive that underpinned the improvements necessary to its progress. The question itself necessarily involves physiographical and climatological conditions, existing and potential markets, and a merchant class whose commercial motivations were beyond doubt. Two additional matters that weigh substantially through most of this paper need to be mentioned: First, because not all farmers were commercially-oriented, the focus is on individuals, including merchants, whose entrepreneurial activities contributed the most to agriculture; second, the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in southern Oregon in the early 1850s, had a huge and lasting influence on Oregon agriculture and on the overall economy.
Books on the topic "19th (1861- )"
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Venner, William Thomas. The 19th Indiana Infantry at Gettysburg: Hoosiers' courage. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 1998.
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Venner, William Thomas. Hoosiers' honor: The Iron Brigade's 19th Indiana Regiment. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 1998.
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Harrold, Stanley. The abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999.
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The abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1995.
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Pence, Merrill Theo. 19th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, CSA (Dawson's). 2nd ed. [United States: M.T. Pence, 1994.
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1922-, Hammond Harold Earl, ed. Diary of a Union lady, 1861-1865. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.
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Johnson, Dick. Bare fist fighters of the 18th and 19th century: 1704-1861. Lewes: Book Guild, 1987.
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McAfee, Michael J. Billy Yank: The uniform of the Union Army, 1861-1865. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2000.
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Hodgkins, J. E. The Civil War diary of Lieut. J.E. Hodgkins: 19th Massachusetts Volunteers from August 11, 1862 to June 3, 1865. Camden, Me: Picton Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "19th (1861- )"
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Burton, Vernon. "Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1877." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 47–60. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch5.
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Belohlavek, John M. "American Expansion, 1800-1867." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 89–103. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch8.
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Gallarotti, Giulio M. "The 19th century conferences." In A History of International Monetary Diplomacy, 1867 to the Present, 49–75. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315732435-3.
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Ashworth, John. "The Sectionalization of Politics, 1845-1860." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 33–46. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch4.
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Engerman, Stanley L., and Robert E. Gallman. "The Emergence of a Market Economy before 1860." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 119–38. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch10.
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Sicilia, David B. "Industrialization and the Rise of Corporations, 1860-1900." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 139–51. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch11.
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Rauchway, Eric. "The Global Emergence of the United States, 1867-1900." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 104–17. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch9.
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Schorch, Stefan. "Isaac Mayer Wise’s “The Origin of Christianity” (1868) in the Context of 19th Century Research on the New Testament." In Wissenschaft des Judentums Beyond Tradition, edited by Dorothea M. Salzer, Chanan Gafni, and Hanan Harif, 99–126. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110592672-006.
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Cousin, Marion. "Teaching Computation in 19th-Century Japan: The Transition from Individual Coaching on Traditional Devices at the End of the Edo Period (1600–1868) to Lectures on Western Mathematics During the Meiji Period (1868–1912)." In Computations and Computing Devices in Mathematics Education Before the Advent of Electronic Calculators, 265–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73396-8_11.
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Bradley, Ian. "1852‒1861." In Arthur Sullivan, 25–51. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863267.003.0003.
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Arthur Sullivan’s musical formation was effected during his teenage years in three institutions: the Chapel Royal, where he was a chorister between the ages of 12 and 15, the Royal Academy of Music, where he studied from 14 to 16 as the first Mendelssohn scholar, and the Conservatory of Music in Leipzig which he attended from the age of 16 until just before his 19th birthday. Each of these places had a considerable impact on him, deepening his childhood love of church music and laying the foundations of his later career as a composer and conductor of sacred works. His time at the Chapel Royal also played a significant role in his spiritual development, owing partly to the strong influence of Thomas Helmore, the master of the choristers. In his teens, Sullivan composed several anthems and got to know many of the leading church musicians of the day. His training in church music is compared to the similar grounding in church and religious music experienced by several of the most prominent Continental European composers of operetta in the mid-nineteenth century.
Conference papers on the topic "19th (1861- )"
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Söğüt, Sibel Gürses. "Projects in Sultanahmet Square in the Late Ottoman Period." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/z_iccaua2021tr0031n18.
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In the 19th century, the foci of the spatial change in the capital of the Ottoman Empire were the squares dating back to the previous period. As buildings were endowed by their builders, the Byzantine forums had disappeared during the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the only place known and named as a square was the Hippodrome (Atmeydanı). To the south of Hagia Sophia, a part of the old Augustaion, whose exact boundaries cannot be determined, turned into a neighborhood. After the fire in 1913 which demolished the neighborhood, the area once more transformed into a square (Hagia Sophia Square). Today, this area is called Sultanahmet Square and is home to one of the first modern indicators of the period, the Darülfünun building, inaugurated in 1863 as university but later used as the Ministry of Justice building. In the blocks overlooking the square, a project for the Zaptieh building to replace the old Finance Administration building came to the fore in 1869, and later in 1871, the first model Central Prison was built next to the Ibrahim Pasha Palace. However, it was demolished in 1939 when the Courthouse was being built, and the prisoners were transferred to the Sultanahmet Jail, built in the “New Ottoman” style in 1918 to the east of Darülfünun. Decorated with symbols of power since the Byzantine, this square continued to be the “central square of the Empire” with different manifestations in the 19th century.
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Urbanas, Saulius, Eimuntas Kazimieras Parseliunas, Povilas Viskontas, Ruta Puziene, Arunas Buga, Asta Anikeniene, Silvija Gecyte, and Edita Jakubauskiene. "Struve Geodetic Arc – the Decade in the World Heritage List." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.248.
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Unique scientific project unifying scientitsts of present modern countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia was carried out in the first half of the 19th century. Results obtained for the mentioned period were very accurate especialy considering the size of the project and instruments used for the measurements. Network of triangulation of 2820 km lenght running from Danube mouth till Arctic Ocean also called Struve Geodetic Arc was built and measured in 1816–1852. That was the longest and most accurate measured meridian arc in 19th century which measurements data were used during the century for computing and improving parameters of the Earth elipsoid. Geodetic points of Struve Geodetic Arc were listed to the World Heritage List in 2005. Three points located in Meškonys, Paliepiukai and Gireišiai were commemorated in Lithuania. The Coordinating Committee of Struve Geodetic Arc was created for colaboration, spreading information for wider public, exchange of the best practice for preservation of Struve Geodetic Arc points. Practice, experience and problems related to the World Heritage List objects preservation are presented and analyzed in this publication.
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Zamana, Miethy. "Economic Development in Latin America, 1801-2015: Did the 19th Century Wars Foil Expansion of Education?" In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Economics. acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmeconf.2019.06.1024.
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Sáenz de Tejada Granados, Carlota, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5343.
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Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rodrom@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology. Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today. References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.