Academic literature on the topic '19th century books'

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Journal articles on the topic "19th century books"

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Dimitriadis, Dimitris, Sofia Zapounidou, and Grigorios Tsoumakas. "Semantic Indexing of 19th-Century Greek Literature Using 21st-Century Linguistic Resources." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 8878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168878.

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Manual classification of works of literature with genre/form concepts is a time-consuming task requiring domain expertise. Building automated systems based on language understanding can help humans to achieve this work faster and more consistently. Towards this direction, we present a case study on automatic classification of Greek literature books of the 19th century. The main challenges in this problem are the limited number of literature books and resources of that age and the quality of the source text. We propose an automated classification system based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model trained on books from the 20th and 21st century. We also dealt with BERT’s constraint on the maximum sequence length of the input, leveraging the TextRank algorithm to construct representative sentences or phrases from each book. The results show that BERT trained on recent literature books correctly classifies most of the books of the 19th century despite the disparity between the two collections. Additionally, the TextRank algorithm improves the performance of BERT.
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Zacharopoulos, George. "The sabre in 19th century Greece." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 6, no. 2 (2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2018-012.

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This article gives a brief overview on Greek sabre sources with a special focus on Philipp Müller’s and Nikolaos Pyrgos’ treatises. The article does not aim to give a complete list of treatises neither to analyze the any of the mentioned books in details – rather it aims to give an insight in those two books which might have had the most important impact on the development of the Greek sabre fencing in the 18th and 19th Centuries.
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ΘΑΝΑΗΛΑΚΗ, ΠΟΛΛΗ. "ΟΙ ΠΡΟΤΕΣΤΑΝΤΙΚΕΣ ΙΔΕΕΣ, Ο MARK TWAIN ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΟ TOΥ ΠΑΙΔΙΚΟΥ ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΑ ΣΤΟ ΜΙΣΣΙΟΝΑΡΙΚΟ ΒΙΒΛΙΟ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΛΛΑΔΑ (19ΟΣ ΑΙ.)". Μνήμων 27 (1 січня 2005): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mnimon.813.

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<p>Polly Thanailaki, The protestant ideas, Mark Twain and the model of the child's character in the missionary books in Greece in the 19th century</p><p>This essay explores the historical evolution which was observed in the shaping of the child's model of character in the American literature books of the 19th century within the frame of the protestant ideas and values. It also studies the impact of this development in the missionary books for children in Greece in the same century. We particularly focus on Mark Twain's revolutionary presence in the American children's literature by, firstly, placing emphasis on the change that the great American author made to the strict puritan model with the shaping of a more liberal and «innocent» children's character and, secondly, by analyzing the response which Twain's books met from the Greek 19th century readers. In this paper we argue that Twain's writing, known for realism, biting social satire and memorable children's characters, influenced the Greek children's literature in the end of the 19th century. The translations of his works started taking the lead in the end of this century in Greece. Moreover, this essay studies the re-shaping of the child's character in the missionary books published in Greece in the mid 19th century. The missionaries also followed the new trend for the children's character. The missionary stories appeared less didactic and strict.</p>
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Kašparová, Jaroslava. "Personal Libraries in the National Museum – a Valuable Source of Information on the History of Book Culture in the 19th Century and the Early 20th Century." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0014.

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Book collections from the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century preserved in the NM are among the richest and most interesting book collections of the Czech Republic. Research into personal book collections of the NM within the NAKI project (2012–2015), including besides the historical book collection also books from the 19th and 20th centuries, has provided valuable information on the history of the entire book culture. The PROVENIO database is an important source of information and knowledge in terms of book owners and ownership provenance, library history, bibliophilia and the reception by readers, as well as the history of book binding, book publishing houses and book trade of the given period.
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Karpova, Irina L., Natalya D. Kochetkova, and Irina L. Velikodnaya. "Name in the Russian Bibliography: Irina Yurievna Fomenko (1953—2020)." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 6 (2021): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-6-621-628.

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The article is devoted to the memory of Irina Yurievna Fomenko (April 4, 1953 — May 30, 2020), philologist and book critic, the leading researcher in the Research Scientific Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) of the Russian State Library, responsible editor of four volumes of the “Union catalogue of Russian books. 1801—1825”. The authors give brief biography of I.Y. Fomenko, summarize information about her 150 scientific publications, which reflect the domestic publishing repertoire of the first quarter of the 19th century, relate to various aspects of working with early printed books, the subtleties of bibliographic description and book annotation. I.Y. Fomenko studied the creative heritage of M.N. Muravyev and defended PhD thesis on his prose. She wrote a number of articles for the Dictionary of Russian writers of the 18th century. With her participation, there were created catalogues of books of civil press and private owner’s collections from various holdings. Biographies of Russian writers of the 18th — 19th centuries, written by I.Y. Fomenko, were included in the collection of Russian literary studies.
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Venckienė, Jurgita. "Orthography of books and their authors at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century." Lietuvių kalba, no. 15 (December 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22451.

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During development of the Standard Lithuanian language at the end of the 19th century, the dialectal basis was chosen first, and the orthography varied yet for another twenty years. This article analyses the dual orthography – of books and personal orthography of their authors. The study is designed to find out whether the books published during that period reflect the orthographic model chosen by their authors; what factors, in addition to the author’s choice, may have influenced the orthography of the books.The influence of printers on the orthography of books during that period was smaller than before, as many authors did the proofreading themselves. Thus, printers were able to change the orthography in cases where books were printed without the author’s knowledge or consent, such as prayer books. If the author chose unusual, rare, or even self-invented characters, a limited inventory of prints could be a serious obstacle to keep their orthography in the book. As the case of Jonas Basanavičius shows, even when the author offered to finance the acquisition of the necessary prints, this was not necessarily done.At the end of the 19th century, books were published as supplements to periodicals. The editors of newspapers Ūkininkas and Tėvynės sargas adapted the orthography of such books to their periodicals. Under the terms of the press ban, it was often important for authors just to print a book, and the spelling model was chosen by the publisher. However, authors such as Basanavičius, who considered themselves the creators of the standard language, took care to present their chosen or created model of orthography in their books as well.As the cases of Liudvika Didžiulienė, Dominykas Tumėnas and Basanavičius show, two orthographic standards emerged during the research period: correspondence was written one way and books were printed another. Hence, it is not always possible to judge the orthographic model chosen by the authors in books published at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century.
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Konířová, Marta. "School Libraries in the 19th Century: Control, Support and Control Again." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 63, no. 3-4 (2019): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amnpsc-2018-0019.

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The development of school libraries established at schools providing elementary education in the 19th century is closely related to the development of this type of schools after 1774, when the General School Rules were published. For the first time, they referred to education as a political issue and declared the interest of the state in the education of all the population. In the 1820s, a decree of the court study committee ordered district school supervisors to inspect books in school libraries and gave them the right to decide whether a particular book fits into the school library. In 1869, a new school act cancelled the supervision of the Church over schools and transferred it to the state. First, the state supported school libraries by listing them among the teaching aids that should be available for every school. In addition, a decree of the Ministry of Cult and Education encouraged the establishment of school libraries where they were still missing. Subsequently (1875), however, the ministry ordered teachers to check new books acquired by school libraries, to inspect also all the other books already deposited in the libraries and to discard all of those that were unsuitable. Ten years later (1885), new inspection of all school libraries was ordered.
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Sperling, Norman. "Introductory Astronomy Textbooks in 19th and 20th Century America." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100086723.

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A survey of 138 introductory-astronomy textbooks spanning 152 years reveals growing consensus regarding each topic’s proportion, with some clearly gaining space at the expense of others. The tables in the texts cite curious numbers, claim too many significant digits, neglect to note uncertainties, and are frequently inconsistent with, or badly behind, the research of the times. This study investigates apportionment of topics, planet and star data tables, and categorization of nebulae.To probe the student/textbook interaction, I used one copy of each of 40 recent introductory textbooks when teaching astronomy in Fall 1986. Students swapped books each session. Texts’ treatments were surveyed in daily recitation as well as term papers comparing and contrasting them on specific topics. Most books sound much more positive than current data justify. There was lots of confusing phrasing, shoddy proofreading, and careless assembly of data tables. A few books are shamefully erroneous. There are numerous impressive examples of the imperfection and transience of “textbook learning.” The biggest and most pervasive sin was writing in the passive voice “Official Style” of interminable sentences laden with prepositional phrases. Illustrations, while important, are secondary to phrasing. Students need and use chapter summaries, glossaries, and indices. About half prefer paperbacks and half hardbacks. Students rated the books for appropriateness to their needs. The experience may stimulate others to develop controlled experiments to probe the student/textbook interaction.
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Gouthier, Daniele. "Nearly five centuries of science books." Journal of Science Communication 10, no. 01 (2011): C01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.10010301.

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In four steps – from Renaissance to the dawn of the 20th century – this issue explores some aspects of the history of book sciences, as research and popularisation instruments also playing a role in economy. Adrian Johns speaks about the origin of science books in the Renaissance. Then, through the papers respectively by Bruce Lewenstein and Paola Govoni, the focus moves to science books in 19th-century America and Italy. They demonstrate that, in both countries, science books were a stimulus to the establishment of a national scientific community. Finally, Francesco De Ceglia exemplifies the role played by agrarian catechisms in the process of spreading farming skills among landowners.
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Zagorov, Vasil. "The Bulgarian 19th-Century Book as a Crossroads of Professional Literary Practices." Quaerendo 49, no. 1 (2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341429.

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Abstract The Bulgarian printed book began to develop dynamically only at the beginning of the 19th century. The delay in printing in the Bulgarian language for almost 350 years led to the accumulation of a number of peculiarities related to the material and textual aspects of the Bulgarian book. On the one hand, these peculiarities are related to the strong influence of the contemporary 19th century Bulgarian manuscripts; on the other hand, those peculiarities differ depending on the divergent foreign influence—Austrian, Russian, etc. The article discusses how peculiarities in the Bulgarian books produced during the Revival period (1806-78) are obstructing the creation of the Digital Database and Information Retrieval System.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "19th century books"

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Day, Joseph. "Leaving home and migrating in nineteenth-century England and Wales : evidence from the 1881 census enumerators' books (CEBs)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283973.

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Hopkinson, Kimberly A. "Dental health of the Santa Maria Cathdral [sic] burial population (12-19th century), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467750.

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Lindsay, Christy. "Reading associations in England and Scotland, c.1760-1830." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfeb9aa2-6917-4356-8d11-b26237c795a5.

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This thesis examines provincial literary culture in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, through the printed and manuscript records of reading associations, the diaries of their members, and a range of other print materials. These book clubs and subscription libraries have often been considered to be polite and sociable institutions, part of the cultural repertoire of a new urban, consumer society. However, this thesis reconsiders reading associations' values and effects through a study of the reading materials they provided, and the reading habits they encouraged; the intellectual and social values which they embodied; and their role in the performance of gender, local and national identities. It questions what politeness meant to associational members, arguing for the importance of morality and order in associational conceptions of propriety, and downplaying their pursuit of structured sociability. This thesis examines how provincial individuals conceived of their relationship to the reading public, arguing that associations provided a tangible link to this abstract national community, whilst also having implications for the 'public' life of localities and families. The thesis also considers how these institutions interacted with enlightenment thought, suggesting that both the associations' reading matter and their philosophies of corporate improvement enabled 'ordinary' men and women to participate in the Enlightenment. It assesses English and Scottish associations, which are usually subjected to separate treatment, arguing that they constituted a shared mechanism of British literary culture in this period. More than simply a 'polite' performance, reading, through associations, was fundamentally linked to status, to citizenship, and to cultural participation.
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Tejeira-Davis, Eduardo. "Roots of modern Latin American architecture the Hispano-Caribbean region from the late 19th century to the recent past /." Heidelberg : Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=LNBPAAAAMAAJ.

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Rommel, Martina. "Demut und Standesbewusstsein Rekrutierung und Lebenswelt des Säkularklerus der Diözese Mainz 1802-1914 /." Mainz : C.P. Verlag e.K, 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=2yLZAAAAMAAJ.

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M'Kenzie-Hall, James. "Illustrated travel : steel engravings and their use in early 19th century topographical books, with special reference to Henry Fisher & Co." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2011. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/1801/.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the introduction, production and sale of steel engravings in the illustrated picture books of the first half of the nineteenth century with particular reference to the publications of Henry Fisher, who began his career in Liverpool and continued it together with his son Robert in London. By looking at the processes from the initial artist's design through to its engraving and printing, and by establishing the interaction between the artist, author, publisher and engraver, this study will lead to a better understanding of both the economics and aesthetics of print production and determine the destination of these illustrated picture books by examining the relationship between the publisher and the public. Previous work on nineteenth-century topographical steel engraving has largely had a bibliographical rather than historiographical aim and has concentrated on the classification of images into regional units. Although useful these publications are not intended to be critical and do not lead to an understanding of the contextual background necessary to explain the enormous output and consumption of topographical steel-engraved books in the 1830s and 1840s. The two leading specialist topographical print-publishers were the London firms of Fisher, Son & Co. and George Virtue. The early career of Henry Fisher as a master printer of mainly religious publications issued in numbers is examined, and this study shows how his innovative marketing, selling and distribution methods led to these being adopted by others in the publishing trade. His transition from publisher of religious numbers in Liverpool to leading publisher of illustrated topographical works in London is investigated for the first time. As no records, account books or archives appear to have survived, this dissertation is based on the substantial number of illustrated travel books with steel-engraved plates that both firms produced between 1829 and 1844 as well as correspondence from Robert Fisher to the Irish artist George Petrie, in which Fisher explains some of 'the peculiarities of our business'. The two most prolific designers of illustrations for topographical picture books in this period were Thomas Allom (1804-1872) who worked for Fisher, and William Henry Bartlett (1809-1854) who worked for Virtue. Their contribution to the field of topographical book illustration has largely passed unnoticed by art historians who question whether mass produced images can be valued as art. Allom and Bartlett are usually classified as jobbing topographical artists or, at best, as architectural draughtsmen. A secondary aim of this dissertation is to offer a counterbalance to this view and show that their art was more genuinely creative than merely reproductive and moreover that their motives for doing this work were far from being similar.
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Wilson, Ashley Nichole. "Adopting the orphan's God : Christianity and spirituality in nineteenth- and twentieth-century girls' books." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708956.

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Towsey, Mark R. M. "Reading the Scottish Enlightenment : libraries, readers and intellectual culture in provincial Scotland c.1750-c.1820." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/412.

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The thesis explores the reception of the works of the Scottish Enlightenment in provincial Scotland, broadly defined, aiming to gauge their diffusion in the libraries of private book collectors and 'public' book-lending institutions, and to suggest the meanings and uses that contemporary Scottish readers assigned to major texts like Hume's History of England and Smith's Wealth of Nations. I thereby acknowledge the relevance of more traditional quantitative approaches to the history of reading (including statistical analysis of the holdings of contemporary book collections), but prioritise the study of sources that also allow us to access the 'hows' and 'whys' of individual reading practices and experiences. Indeed, the central thrust of my work has been the discovery and interrogation of large numbers of commonplace books, marginalia, diaries, correspondence and other documentary records which can be used to illuminate the reading experience itself in an explicit attempt to develop an approach to Scottish reading practices that can contribute in comparative terms to the burgeoning field of the history of reading. More particularly, such sources allow me to assess the impact that specific texts had on the lives, thought-processes and values of a wide range of contemporary readers, and to conclude that by reading these texts in their own endlessly idiosyncratic ways, consumers of literature in Scotland assimilated many of the prevalent attitudes and priorities of the literati in the major cities. Since many of the most important and pervasive manifestations of Enlightenment in Scotland were not particularly Scottish, however, I also cast doubt on the distinctive Scottishness of the prevailing 'cultural' definition of the Scottish Enlightenment, arguing that such behaviour might more appropriately be considered alongside cultural developments in Georgian England.
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Hawley, Elizabeth Haven. "American Publishers of Indecent Books, 1840-1890." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7579.

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American publishers of indecent books from 1840 to 1890 were not outsiders to the printing trades. They should be seen instead as entrepreneurs whose technological practices and business strategies were largely representative of the diversity within American publishing. Books prohibited or later destroyed because of their content survived in a relatively wide variety of forms in the hands of rare book collectors, making such artifacts perhaps even more important for the study of industrial practices than literary works collected in greater numbers by research institutions. Those rare artifacts make available long-lost details about the men and women who manufactured print at the boundaries of social propriety, the production technologies they employed, and the place of difficult-to-research publishers in the American book trades. Conservation, papermaking, illustrations, printing, and typefounding are as important to the history of American erotica as the more famous prosecutions led by Anthony Comstock. Focusing on works considered indecent by the nineteenth-century bibliographer Henry Spencer Ashbee, this dissertation integrates the political economy of print with an analysis of the material forms of semi-erotic and obscene books. Surviving artifacts offer evidence about regional production styles and the ways that fiber selection, and particularly the use of straw in low-quality papers, influenced the prevalence of yellow wrappers for ephemeral works. Printer skill levels and capitalization can sometimes be determined through the presence of gripper marks on printed sheets. Reconstructing and contextualizing the technological practices of these publishers can create new tools for bibliographical analysis, an accessible source of information about technical processes for general historians, and a wealth of data about publishers such as William Berry, whose role in networks of erotica in nineteenth-century America has only recently begun to be appreciated.
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Stone, Heather Brenda. "Companionable forms : writers, readers, sociability, and the circulation of literature in manuscript and print in the Romantic period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:63f652fc-c4c2-4c3a-bc5c-893d4b922db1.

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Following recent critical work on writers' representations of sociability in Romantic literature, this thesis examines in detail the textual strategies (such as allusion, acts of address, and the use of 'coterie' symbols or references) which writers used to seek to establish a friendly or sympathetic relationship with a particular reader or readers, or to create and define a sense of community identity between readers. The thesis focuses on specific relationships between pairs and groups of writers (who form one another's first readers), and examines 'sociable' genres like letters, manuscript albums, occasional poetry, and periodical essays in a diverse series of author case-studies (Anna Barbauld, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charles Lamb, John Keats and Leigh Hunt). Such genres, the thesis argues, show how manuscript and print culture could frequently overlap and intersect, meaning that writers confronted the demands of two co-existing audiences - one private and familiar, the other public and unknown - in the same work. Rather than arguing that writers used manuscript culture practices and produced 'coterie' works purely to avoid confronting their anxieties about publishing in the commercial sphere of print culture, the thesis suggests that in producing such 'coterie' works writers engaged with and reflected contemporary philosophical and political concerns about the relationship between the individual and wider communities. In these works, writers engaged with the legacy of eighteenth-century philosophical ideas about the role (and limitations) of the sympathetic imagination in maintaining social communities, and with interpretative theories about the best kind of reader. Furthermore, the thesis argues that reading literary texts in the specific, material context in which they are 'published' to particular readers, either in print, manuscript, or letters, is vital to understanding writer/reader relationships in the Romantic period. This approach reveals how within each publication space, individual texts could be placed (either by their writers, by editors, or by other readers) in meaningful relationships with other texts, absorbing or appropriating them into new interpretative contexts.
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Books on the topic "19th century books"

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(Firm), Sims Reed. Books on prints and drawings: Pre-19th century ... [and] 19th and 20th century .... Sims Reed Ltd, 1997.

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Towards today's book: Progress in 19th century Britain. Farrand, 1997.

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Rhode Island School of Design. Museum of Art., ed. Victorian bibliomania: The illuminated book in 19th-century Britain. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, 1987.

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Sims, Reed &. Fogg. 18th & 19th century art books: With a collection of sale catalogues. Sims, Reed, Fogg, 1985.

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Inc, N. G. Stogdon. Prints and illustrated books: From the 15th to the 19th century. N.G. Stogdon, Inc., 1985.

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Card sharps, dream books, & bucket shops: Gambling in 19th-century America. Cornell University Press, 1990.

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Sternick, Cary. A bibliography of 19th century children's series books: With price guide. C. Sternick, 2003.

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Club, Grolier. Serial publications: Essential parts of the 19th century imagination. Grolier Club, 1996.

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Brouwer, Bergmans en. Japonisme in 19th century French art: A catalogue of books and prints. Bergmans & Brouwer, 1985.

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Houfe, Simon. The dictionary of 19th century British book illustrators and caricaturists. Antique Collectors' Club, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "19th century books"

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Peckhaus, Volker. "19th Century Logic Between Philosophy and Mathematics." In CMS Books in Mathematics. Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28272-6_9.

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Moon, Francis C. "The Influence of Archimedes in the Machine Books from the Renaissance to the 19th Century." In The Genius of Archimedes -- 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9091-1_30.

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Hébrard, Jean. "10. The Graphic Space of the School Exercise Books in France in the 19th-20th century." In Studies in Written Language and Literacy. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/swll.6.13heb.

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Massy, Jim. "Rubber in the 19th Century." In A Little Book about BIG Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54831-9_2.

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Massy, Jim. "Cellulose and Casein in the 19th Century." In A Little Book about BIG Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54831-9_3.

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Kasparova, N. "The Russian Book Union Catalogue of the 19th century (1826-1900): methods of realisation." In Retrospective cataloguing in Europe, edited by Franz Georg Kaltwasser. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111325996-019.

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Polanskaja, I. "The Russian Book Union Catalogue of the 19th century (first quarter): problems of retrospective conversion." In Retrospective cataloguing in Europe, edited by Franz Georg Kaltwasser. De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111325996-018.

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Hashemi, Michaela. "Ke stereotypu zobrazování Turka ve starší české literatuře." In Filosofie jako životní cesta. Masaryk University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9458-2019-10.

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The text is a reflection of a well-researched professional publication by Tomáš Rataj České země ve stínu půlměsíce (Czech Lands in the Shadow of the Crescent, 2002). After a multilateral acknowledgement of the book, the author fills in relevant items written by some of the staff of the Faculty of Arts MU, some of which were published only after the publication of Rataj’s work. Additionally, she refines, with reference to the study of Jan Kumpera (1994), the existence of a translation of the Bible into Turkish initiated by Comenius, namely its printing in the 19th century. At the end, the author mentions her personal teaching activities on the topic in the context of the honoured person of Jan Zouhar’s personality as a pedagogical ideal.
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Laurìa, Antonio, Valbona Flora, and Kamela Guza. "Three villages of Përmet: Bënjë, Kosinë and Leusë." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-175-4.01.

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Part I of the book focusses on three villages in the Municipality of Përmet: Bënjë, Kosinë and Leusë. Bënjë, which lies entirely within the "Bredhi i Hotovës - Dangëlli" National Park, has undergone anthropization processes since prehistoric times. Due to its landscape and architectural value, it was recognised in 2016 as a “historical centre” and as such has come under the protection of the National Institute for the Cultural Heritage. There is little information concerning the history of Kosinë. The inhabitants show a strong connection with the Byzantine Church of the Dormition of Mary, but regrettably, it was impossible to go back to the origins of the current settlement. The village of Leusë, instead, existed before 1812, the year in which the Church of the Dormition of Mary was built. Today, the image of the village is a consequence of the partial reconstruction occured after the severe damage suffered during World War II. In the first chapters, the importance of the intangible heritage is stressed. Përmet’s food heritage is well-known on a national scale for its typical products (spirits, fruit preserves, dairy, meat, honey and bakery products), which result from the favourable climatic conditions and the rich biodiversity of the area. The tradition of the Tosk iso-polyphony, the hospitality of Përmet inhabitants and their historical devotion to religion, knowledge and study emerge with great strength together with the craftsmanship traditions and the exceptional skills of the itinerant and seasonal master builders. In the following chapters, the multiple aspects of the tangible heritage are analysed. The landscape in Përmet includes a vast variety of habitats, which have preserved to a large extent their original qualities. It is deeply marked by the Vjosa River and other several minor watercourses that crisscross the territory. A special attention is given to the historical built heritage of the villages, and specifically to three architectural assets (all listed as category I Cultural Monuments): the Katiu Bridge in Bënjë (an Ottoman bridge of the 18th century), the Church of the Dormition of Mary in Leusë (a Post-Byzantine building of the 19th century), and the Church of the Dormition of Mary in Kosinë (a Byzantine building of the end of the 12th century). For each of the aforementioned issues, the theoretical and historical analysis are closely bound to an evaluation of those features of the cultural heritage that could be enhanced to guarantee a sustainable tourism development of the area. Each chapter ends with a consistent set of specific intervention strategies. They are substantive tools for action aimed at public and private local actors.
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Marya, RK. "19th Century Medicine." In History of Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10355_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "19th century books"

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Lazos, Panayotis, and George N. Vlahakis. "Physics education in the Greek community schools of Istanbul (19th century). The books." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION (BPU-9). AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944208.

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Nguyen Thi Mai, Chanh. "Chinese Language and Literature Reform in The Beginning of The 20th Century." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.6-1.

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It is difficult not to mention language reform when referring to Chinese literature modernization between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Language played a critical role in facilitating the escape of Chinese literature from Chinese medieval literary works in order to integrate into world literature. The language reform not only laid a foundation for modern literature but also contributed considerably to the grand social transformation of China in the early days of the 20th century. Chinese new-born literature was a literature created by spoken language; in Chinese terms, it was considered as a literature focusing on “dialectal speech” instead of “classical Chinese” used in the past. In international terms, it can be named as living language literature which was used to replace classic literary language in ancient books – a kind of dead language. This article will analyze how language reform impacted Chinese modern literature at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Söğüt, Sibel Gürses. "Projects in Sultanahmet Square in the Late Ottoman Period." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/z_iccaua2021tr0031n18.

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In the 19th century, the foci of the spatial change in the capital of the Ottoman Empire were the squares dating back to the previous period. As buildings were endowed by their builders, the Byzantine forums had disappeared during the Ottoman Empire. During this period, the only place known and named as a square was the Hippodrome (Atmeydanı). To the south of Hagia Sophia, a part of the old Augustaion, whose exact boundaries cannot be determined, turned into a neighborhood. After the fire in 1913 which demolished the neighborhood, the area once more transformed into a square (Hagia Sophia Square). Today, this area is called Sultanahmet Square and is home to one of the first modern indicators of the period, the Darülfünun building, inaugurated in 1863 as university but later used as the Ministry of Justice building. In the blocks overlooking the square, a project for the Zaptieh building to replace the old Finance Administration building came to the fore in 1869, and later in 1871, the first model Central Prison was built next to the Ibrahim Pasha Palace. However, it was demolished in 1939 when the Courthouse was being built, and the prisoners were transferred to the Sultanahmet Jail, built in the “New Ottoman” style in 1918 to the east of Darülfünun. Decorated with symbols of power since the Byzantine, this square continued to be the “central square of the Empire” with different manifestations in the 19th century.
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Softaoğlu, Hidayet. "Unhuman Entities that Shaped a Century: Non- Anthropocentric Analysis of the Case of Great Stink and Pandemic, Victorian London." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021268n5.

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The history of architectural and urban design has expanded its scope and started adopting new philosophical approaches from other disciplines to explore the built environment. Theorist discusses whether we still live in a humanist world where a human being has more priority over the unhuman things or not to answer that; should we design architecture and urban within an anthropocentric approach. As a recent pandemic show, things that are not human, like animals or viruses, could control and navigate a new style of living. This research will introduce Bruno Latour's ANT and Graham Harman's Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) as a new constructive method to analyse how human and unhuman bodies are equally the affective actors of daily practices in the urban realm. 19th-century Great Stink and epidemic in Victorian London will be a case study to picture urban dwellers of London that shaped determined the destiny of health and hygiene of London in 1858.
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Kendall, Susan K., Ramune K. Kubilius, Sarah McClung, Jean Gudenas, and Rena Lubker. "Down the Rabbit Hole We Go Again (the 19th Health Sciences Lively Lunchtime Discussion)." In Charleston Library Conference. Purdue Univeristy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317161.

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This year’s sponsored, no holds barred health sciences lively lunchtime gathering was open to all. It began with greetings from luncheon sponsor, Rittenhouse. The moderator, Rena Lubker, introduced the session and provided introductory remarks about this year’s three presentations: a commentary on issues that keep us up at night; a report on considerations to make when leaving big deal licenses and entering into new, OA friendly arrangements; and more discussion about the impact of expansions on libraries of academic medical affiliation. All three topics provided fodder for lively discussion at the end. Ramune Kubilius provided her brief annual update on health sciences publishing world developments. Are there trends or commonalities in the issues that concern health sciences collection managers across institutions? Susan Kendall, editor of a recent book on 21st century collection management shared her thoughts on what keeps health sciences collection managers on their toes (or up at night). Audience members were invited to agree or disagree with her list. The ever-changing academic library and affiliated hospital relationship landscape was again explored at the Charleston health sciences-themed gathering. Jean Gudenas examined the effects of hospital mergers and acquisitions on academic libraries. She discussed the challenges with negotiating licensing changes quickly, the commitment to communication, and other matters essential to ensuring access to resources for the new affiliates. What goes into planning, preparing and actively shifting towards a more open access friendly landscape? How do consortia make decisions to leave or enter into deals on behalf of a multi-type academic library system? Are the interests of health sciences libraries represented? Sarah McClung shared examples of recent collections decisions made by the University of California libraries and what lessons can be imparted to other libraries, including those licensing in smaller groups or even solo.
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Bordalo, Ana, and Ana paula Rainha. "Marginal Architecture [How will we live together?] - a process under construction…" In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021273n11.

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The organization of territory and cities is a structuring element for the management of epidemic crises. The existence of basic sanitary structures is, nowadays, an acquired and determined factor for the healthiness of territories, as well as for the structural contribution to the well-being of the populations. Since the 19th century epidemic crises established health parameters for Architecture and Urbanism, which are still a reference today. Almost after one hundred years, where the questions of salubrity were supposed to be consolidated, we find that, suddenly, without advice, new alarm bells rings: we found that the world was not prepared to be closed in its “housing units”. Assuming Portimão as an urban laboratory and as a waterfront city, we will present the process developed for studies, searching for proposals witch solutions look for a contemporary assignment, which imposes to Architecture a principle settled on options of sustainability, impermanence, reuse and recycling.
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Martin, Holger. "Reynolds, Maxwell, and the Radiometer, Revisited." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22023.

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In 1969, S. G. Brush and C. W. F. Everitt published a historical review, that was reprinted as subchapter 5.5 Maxwell, Osborne Reynolds, and the radiometer, in Stephen G. Brush’s famous book The Kind of Motion We Call Heat. This review covers the history of the explanation of the forces acting on the vanes of Crookes radiometer up to the end of the 19th century. The forces moving the vanes in Crookes radiometer (which are not due to radiation pressure, as initially believed by Crookes and Maxwell) have been recognized as thermal effects of the remaining gas by Reynolds — from his experimental and theoretical work on Thermal Transpiration and Impulsion, in 1879 — and by the development of the differential equations describing Thermal Creeping Flow, induced by tangential stresses due to a temperature gradient on a solid surface by Maxwell, earlier in the same year, 1879. These fundamental physical laws have not yet made their way into the majority of textbooks of heat transfer and fluid mechanics so far. A literature research about the terms of Thermal Transpiration and Thermal Creeping Flow, in connection with the radiometer forces, resulted in a large number of interesting papers; not only the original ones as mentioned in subchapter 5.5 of Brush’s book, but many more in the earlier twentieth century, by Martin Knudsen, Wilhelm Westphal, Albert Einstein, Theodor Sexl, Paul Epstein and others. The forces as calculated from free molecular flow (by Knudsen), increase linearly with pressure, while the forces from Maxwell’s Thermal Creeping Flow decrease with pressure. In an intermediate range of pressures, depending on the characteristic geometrical dimensions of flow channels or radiometer vanes, an appropriate interpolation between these two kinds of forces, as suggested by Wilhelm Westphal and later by G. Hettner, goes through a maximum. Albert Einstein’s approximate solution of the problem happens to give the order of magnitude of the forces in the maximum range. A comprehensive formula and a graph of the these forces versus pressure combines all the relevant theories by Knudsen (1910), Einstein (1924), Maxwell (1879) (and Hettner (1926), Sexl (1928), and Epstein (1929) who found mathematical solutions for Maxwells creeping flow equations for non-isothermal spheres and circular discs, which are important for thermophoresis and for the radiometer). The mechanism of Thermal Creeping Flow will become of increasing interest in micro- and submicro-channels in various new applications, so it ought to be known to every graduate student of heat transfer in the future. That’s one of the reasons why some authors have recently questioned the validity of the classical Navier-Stokes, Fourier, and Fick equations: Dieter Straub (1996) published a book on an Alternative Mathematical Theory of Non-equilibrium Phenomena. Howard Brenner (since 2005) wrote a number of papers, like Navier-Stokes, revisited, and Bi-velocity hydrodynamics, explicitly pointing to the forces acting on the vanes of the lightmill, to thermophoresis and related phenomena. Franz Durst (since 2006) also developed modifications of the classical Navier-Stokes equations. So, Reynolds, Maxwell, and the radiometer may finally have initiated a revision of the fundamental equations of thermofluiddynamics and heat- and mass transfer.
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