Journal articles: '19th century British history'

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Capie, Forrest H., and Terence C. Mills. "British Bank Conservatism in the Late 19th Century." Explorations in Economic History 32, no. 3 (July 1995): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/exeh.1995.1018.

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Saunders, Robert. "Doubtful democrats: Democracy in Britain since 1800." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419835749.

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Over the ‘long’ 19th century, British politics underwent a quiet revolution: a revolution, not in its governing institutions, but in the ideas that underpinned them. In little more than a century, the idea of ‘democracy’—once a term of abuse, from which even radical politicians sought to disassociate themselves—established itself as the civic religion of British politics: the one authority against which there could be no court of appeal. Like other religions, democracy spawned a variety of sects and denominations, each of which sought to defend it against false democratic creeds: ranging from ‘social democracy’ and ‘industrial democracy’ to ‘Tory democracy’, ‘the property-owning democracy’, and ‘the democracy of the market’. The result, paradoxically, was to establish democracy both as the universal principle of British politics and as its central battlefield: an idea to which all paid tribute, but which seemed permanently under siege. This article explores the peculiar voyage of British democratic thought over the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on its usage as an instrument of political warfare. The first section charts its emergence as the most potent challenge to the dominant narratives of the early-19th century: Whig constitutionalism and ‘reform’. A second section then charts the absorption of democracy into the core narratives of British political thought, while exploring the very different ends to which its authority could be put. A final section identifies three narrative battlegrounds for democracy in the 19th century, opening up fault lines that continue to structure British politics in the present.

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Jung, Young Joo. "Formation history of the British Foreign Ministry in the 19th century." Western History Review 149 (June 30, 2021): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.46259/whr.149.16.

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Crafts, Nicholas, and Terence C. Mills. "Was 19th century British growth steam-powered?: the climacteric revisited." Explorations in Economic History 41, no. 2 (April 2004): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2003.10.001.

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Maas, Harro, and Mary S. Morgan. "Timing History : The Introduction of Graphical Analysis in 19th century British Economics." Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 7, no. 2 (2002): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhsh.007.0097.

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Hicks, Peter. "Late 18th-century and very early 19th-century British writings on Napoleon: myth and history." Napoleonica La Revue 9, no. 3 (2010): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/napo.103.0105.

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Myers, Scott. "A Survey of British Literature on Buenos Aires During the First Half of the 19th Century." Americas 44, no. 1 (July 1987): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006849.

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The British involvement with Argentina has a long and, at times, tumultous history. Dating as far back as the 18th century the Rio de la Plata basin held a great attraction for British merchants. England needed Spanish America as a source of bullion and an outlet for individual goods.As early as the 1540s British vessels explored the coastlines, of Argentina. There already existed a considerable amount of trade between Brazil and England throughout the sixteenth century. The buccaneer William Hawkins, along with other Englishmen, was intent on expanding on this clandestine trade to other areas in the New World. Sometimes with the cooperation of the Spanish authorities, certain British merchants were able to maneuver themselves into the commercial life of these new colonies. By the eighteenth century the British had established numerous slave markets in Hispanic America including one in Buenos Aires.

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Bonakdarian, Mansour. "Iranian Constitutional Exiles and British Foreign-Policy Dissenters, 1908–9." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1995): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800061870.

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In recent Middle Eastern history, the experience of political exile has become a prevalent theme, as large numbers of Palestinians, Kurds, Iranians, and Afghans, among others, have sought refuge in various countries. Although the earlier numbers would pale in comparison with the present size of the Middle Eastern diaspora scattered around the globe, it was in the 19th century that the first noticeable groups of exiles from the Middle East began taking sanctuary in European countries, among other locations. Perhaps the best known of these exile communities were the Young Ottomans in France in the late 19th century.

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Auerbach, Jeffrey A. "Oriental Panorama: British Travellers in 19th Century Turkey (review)." Victorian Studies 43, no. 4 (2001): 682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vic.2001.0088.

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Langland, Elizabeth, and Peter Melville Logan. "Nerves & Narratives: A Cultural History of Hysteria in 19th-Century British Prose." Studies in Romanticism 38, no. 2 (1999): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25601393.

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Riegg, Stephen Badalyan. "British Travelers and the Armenian Question During the First Half of the 19th Century." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.5.

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AbstractMarshaling an array of travelogues from British adventurers who visited the Russian-Ottoman-Persian borderlands during the first half of the 19th century, it is clear that the Armenian Question arose in the British consciousness earlier than previously thought. Influenced by their origins and the political circumstances of the countries through which they journeyed, British travelers highlighted in their narratives the political status of the Armenians and the trends affecting them throughout the borderlands. Ethnoreligious and socioeconomic strife between Armenians and other various groups remained a persistent theme that linked the disparate accounts and authors. Frequently overlooking core religious, cultural, political, and social factors and identities that distinguished the Turks, Persians, and Kurds, British travelers issued essentialized explanations for Armenian struggles that highlighted their status as a religious minority surrounded by ostensibly hostile majorities. Well before the outbreak of the Crimean War, British adventurers contextualized Armenian misery within the British-Russian geopolitical rivalry. Thus, early British adventurers established the cultural and political groundwork for the more famous discussions of the Armenian Question during the last decades of the 1800s.

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Nicolson, Malcolm. "Germ warfare – the laboratory and the clinic in 19th century British medicine." Endeavour 27, no. 1 (March 2003): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(03)00010-3.

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Schmidt, Arnold. "Reversing the Conquest: History and Myth in 19th Century British Literature. Clare A. Simmons." Wordsworth Circle 26, no. 4 (September 1995): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/twc24042730.

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Beveridge, A. W., and E. B. Renvoize. "Electricity: A History of its use in the Treatment of Mental Illness in Britain During the Second Half of the 19th Century." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 2 (August 1988): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.2.157.

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The use of electricity in British psychiatry during the second half of the 19th century is examined. An account is given of the clinical and theoretical aspects of electrical therapy. Factors leading to its use and eventual decline are considered.

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Brooks, Alasdair, and Ana Cristina Y. Rodríguez. "A Venezuelan household clearance assemblage of 19th-century British ceramics in international perspective." Post-Medieval Archaeology 46, no. 1 (June 2012): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0079423612z.0000000004.

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Dancy, J. Ross. "Sources and methods in the British impressment debate." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 4 (November 2018): 733–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418808934.

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British naval impressment has been the subject of debate for centuries. In the 18th century, it produced political debates and resistance from maritime communities, and it was generally disliked by naval officers tasked with pressing men into naval service. After the effective end of the practice in 1815, it was hotly debated in parliament and finally abolished in the mid-19th century. Since then, impressment has been the topic of a scholarly debate that has become increasingly active over the last two decades. In the 21st century, impressment matters for its political and moral implications. The modern debate has, regrettably, broken down and entrenched historians into camps where the different sides have begun to talk past one another, rather than examining how different approaches to the subject actually fit together. This article examines the current state of the debate and offers a path forward that illustrates that none of the scholarly approaches are mutually exclusive. Rather, they can be combined to produce a greater historical understanding of the 18th-century Atlantic world.

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Branagan, D. "Alfred Selwyn - 19th Century Trans-Atlantic Connections Via Australia." Earth Sciences History 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.p1x636x7w8r1v2qp.

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The contributions of A.R.C. Selwyn to geological science were considerable, and possibly unique in the 19th century, as they spanned three continents in a career lasting more than 50 years. In particular Selwyn is rightly regarded as establishing geology as a profession in Australia, both by his own high quality mapping, and by the training of a number of talented young men in his Geological Survey of Victoria (1852-1868). In Canada he pursued the same high standards when appointed as Director of the Geological Survey at a time when the Dominion had just become greatly enlarged. A strong supporter of his staff, Selwyn engaged in a controversy with U.S. geologists about Precambrian and Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy, maintaining that Canadian field evidence provided the key which negated the U.S. stand. Selwyn maintained links with the colleagues of his early years in the British Geological Survey (1845-1852) during his long career, keeping in touch with new ideas in Europe and informing his friends about the results of Australian and Canadian geological research.

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Ochiai, Takehiko. "Matacong Island: A Short History of a Small Island on the West Coast of Africa." Hungarian Journal of African Studies / Afrika Tanulmányok 14, no. 6. (March 25, 2021): 8–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2020.14.6.1.

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This article aims to examine how Matacong Island, a small island just off the coast of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, was claimed its possession by local chiefs, how it was leased to and was used by European and Sierra Leonean merchants, and how it was colonized by Britain and France in the 19th century. In 1825 the paramount chief of Moriah chiefdom agreed to lease the island to two Sierra Leonean merchants, and in 1826 it was ceded to Britain by a treaty with chiefs of the Sumbuyah and Moriah chiefdoms. Since the island was considered as a territory exempted from duty, British and Sierra Leonean merchants used it as an important trading station throughout the 19th century. Major exports of Matacong Island included palm kernels, palm oil, hides, ivory, pepper and groundnuts, originally brought by local traders from the neighboring rivers, and major imports were tobacco, beads, guns, gunpowder, rum, cotton manufactures, iron bars and hardware of various kinds. In 1853 alone, some 80 vessels, under British, American, and French flags, anchored at Matacong Island. By the convention of 1882, Britain recognized the island as belonging to France. Although the convention was never ratified, it was treated by both countries as accepted terms of agreement. The article considers various dynamics of usage, property, and territorial possession as relates to the island during the 19th century, and reveals how complex they were, widely making use of the documents of The Matacong Island (West Africa) Papers at the University of Birmingham Library in Britain. The collection purchased by the library in 1969 is composed of 265 historical documents relating to Matacong Island, such as letters, agreements, newspaper-cuttings, maps and water-color picture

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Llorca-Jaña, Manuel. "To be Waterproof or to be soaked: importance of packing in British textile exports to distant markets: The cases of Chile and the River Plate, c.1810-1859." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 29, no. 1 (January 27, 2011): 11–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s021261091000025x.

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AbstractThe literature on Anglo-South American trade during the first half of the 19th century has taken British exports for granted. There are no specific considerations of textile exports, which were the backbone of British trade to the continent. Accordingly, when explaining the growth of British exports, historians have paid tribute solely to economic developments in South America. Important developments taking place in Britain have long been neglected. This paper provides the first account of the impact that improvements in the packing of textiles to protect against seawater damages had on British exports to distant markets, focusing on the particular markets of Chile and the River Plate c.1810-1859.

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Jones, Peter. "The spread of bottom trawling in the British Isles, c.1700–1860." International Journal of Maritime History 30, no. 4 (November 2018): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871418804486.

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Widespread bottom trawling in British waters has traditionally been dated from the last decades of the 18th century, and its early heartland has most commonly been identified as the Torbay area of Devon. This article shows that, in fact, by the time Torbay became known as a centre for the industry, bottom trawling was already well-known and relatively widespread around much of England and Wales, as well as large parts of Eastern and Southern Ireland. Following on from an earlier contribution in this journal, it also demonstrates that bottom trawling’s unbroken history, going back to at least the first decades of the 17th century, has always been beset by controversy, but that the middle decades of the 19th century saw a sea-change in official attitudes that, in effect, ushered in an era of unfettered expansion in industrial beam trawling by the 1890s.

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Finlay, Richard J. "Porter (ed.), Oxford History of the British Empire III: 19th Century; Brown and Louis (eds.), Oxford History of the British Empire IV: 20th Century; Winks (ed.), Oxford History of the British Empire V: Historiography." Scottish Historical Review 81, no. 1 (April 2002): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2002.81.1.157.

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Jadhav, Avkash Daulatrao. "The Role of British Legislations and the Working Class Movement in Bombay: A Historical Study of the Factory Acts of 1881 and 1891 in India." International Social Sciences Review 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-socialrev.v1.1965.

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India has been a country to raise inquisitiveness from ancient times. The era of colonialism in India unfolds many dimensions of struggle by the natives and the attempts of travesty by the imperialist powers. This paper will focus on the two landmark legislation of the end of the 19th century specifically pertaining to the labour conditions in India. The changing paradigms of the urban and rural labour underwent a phenomenal change by the mid 19th century. The characteristic which distinguishes the modern period in world history from all past periods is the fact of economic growth.

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Singh, Prabhakar. "Indian Princely States and the 19th-century Transformation of the Law of Nations." Journal of International Dispute Settlement 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idaa012.

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Abstract The role of the roughly 600 Indian princely kingdoms in the transformation of the law of nations into international law during the 19th century is an overlooked episode of international legal history. The Indian princely states effected a gradual end of the Mughal and the Maratha confederacies while appropriating international legal language. The Privy Council—before and after 1858—sanctified within common law as the acts of state, both, the seizure of territories from Indian kings and the ossification of encumbrances attached to the annexed territories. After the Crown takeover of the East India Company in 1858, the British India Government carefully rebooted, even mimicked, the native polyandric relationship of the tribal chiefs, petty states and semi-sovereigns with the Mughal–Maratha complex using multi-normative legal texts. Put down in the British stationery as engagements, sunnuds and treaties, these colonial texts projected an imperially layered nature of the native sovereignty. I challenge the metropole's claims of a one-way export to the colonies of the assumed normative surpluses. I argue that the periphery while responding to a ‘jurisdictional imperialism' upended interational law's civilisation-giving thesis by exporting law to the metropole.

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Hundt, Marianne, and Benedikt Szmrecsanyi. "Animacy in early New Zealand English." English World-Wide 33, no. 3 (October 29, 2012): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.33.3.01hun.

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The literature suggests that animacy effects in present-day spoken New Zealand English (NZE) differ from animacy effects in other varieties of English. We seek to determine if such differences have a history in earlier NZE writing or not. We revisit two grammatical phenomena — progressives and genitives — that are well known to be sensitive to animacy effects, and we study these phenomena in corpora sampling 19th- and early 20th-century written NZE; for reference purposes, we also study parallel samples of 19th- and early 20th-century British English and American English. We indeed find significant regional differences between early New Zealand writing and the other varieties in terms of the effect that animacy has on the frequency and probabilities of grammatical phenomena.

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Alavi, Seema. "Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90) and the Creation of a Muslim Cosmopolitanism in the 19th century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 54, no. 1 (2011): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852011x567373.

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AbstractThe essay highlights the role of one individual, Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan (1832-90), in writing the cultural and intellectual history of imperialisms. It brings his biography, journeys and intellectual forays together to show how he used the temporal moment of the mid 19th century ‘age of revolts’, and the spatial connectivity offered by British and Ottoman imperialisms and re-configured them to his own particular interests. Locating Siddiq Hasan in the connected histories of the British and Ottoman Empires, it views his in-house cosmopolitanism as a form of public conduct that was shaped by Islamic learning that cultivated urbane civility as Muslim universalist virtuous conduct. This was a form of cosmopolitanism enabled by imperial networks, informed by pre-colonial webs of interaction between India and West Asia, and deeply rooted in the scriptures.

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Chaney, Sarah. "The action of the imagination." History of the Human Sciences 30, no. 2 (April 2017): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695116687225.

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Histories of dynamic psychotherapy in the late 19th century have focused on practitioners in continental Europe, and interest in psychological therapies within British asylum psychiatry has been largely overlooked. Yet Daniel Hack Tuke (1827–95) is acknowledged as one of the earliest authors to use the term ‘psycho-therapeutics’, including a chapter on the topic in his 1872 volume, Illustrations of the Influence of the Mind upon the Body in Health and Disease. But what did Tuke mean by this concept, and what impact did his ideas have on the practice of asylum psychiatry? At present, there is little consensus on this topic. Through in-depth examination of what psycho-therapeutics meant to Tuke, this article argues that late-19th-century asylum psychiatry cannot be easily separated into somatic and psychological strands. Tuke’s understanding of psycho-therapeutics was extremely broad, encompassing the entire field of medical practice (not only psychiatry). The universal force that he adopted to explain psychological therapies, ‘the Imagination’, was purported to show the power of the mind over the body, implying that techniques like hypnotism and suggestion might have an effect on any kind of symptom or illness. Acknowledging this aspect of Tuke’s work, I conclude, can help us better understand late-19th-century psychiatry – and medicine more generally – by acknowledging the lack of distinction between psychological and somatic in ‘psychological’ therapies.

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TUPARA, HOPE. "Ethics, Kawa, and the Constitution: Transformation of the System of Ethical Review in Aotearoa New Zealand." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 20, no. 3 (May 20, 2011): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180111000053.

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New Zealand is a South Pacific nation with a history of British colonization since the 19th century. It has a population of over four million people and, like other indigenous societies such as in Australia and Canada, Māori are now a minority in their land, and their experience of colonization is that of being dominated by settlers to the detriment of their own systems of society.

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Mulligan, Michael. "Nigeria, the British Presence in West Africa and International Law in the 19th Century." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d'histoire du droit international 11, no. 2 (2009): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138819909x12468857001460.

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Perlman Lorch, Marjorie. "A Late 19th-Century British Perspective on Modern Foreign Language Learning, Teaching, and Reform." Historiographia Linguistica 43, no. 1-2 (June 24, 2016): 175–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.43.1-2.06per.

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Summary The late 19th century saw a great rise in private foreign language learning and increasing provision of Modern foreign language teaching in schools. Evidence is presented to document the uptake of innovations in Thomas Prendergast’s (1807–1886) “Mastery System” by both individual language learners and educationalists. Although it has previously been suggested that Prendergast’s method failed to have much impact, this study clearly demonstrates the major influence he had on approaches to language learning and teaching in Britain and around the world both with his contemporaries and long after his death. This detailed case study illuminates the landscape of modern language pedagogy in Victorian Britain.

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Mullan, Michael. "Opposition, Social Closure, and Sport: The Gaelic Athletic Association in the 19th Century." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 3 (September 1995): 268–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.3.268.

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The rise of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in late 19th-century Ireland offers significant diversity to a “normal” model of national sport development. The GAA, influenced through much of its early history by a vanguard of determined Irish militants, was fiercely opposed to anything British, including the “new” bourgeois sports. Yet, in spite of its alliance with separatist politics, the growth of the GAA displayed a social dynamic, albeit in reverse form, similar to other national patterns seen in Western sport development. Parkin’s (1979) concept of social closure is suited to the sociological analysis of Victorian sport, including the early GAA; using indices of occupational exclusion based on religion, this study suggests that a system of vocational closure at the top of 19th-century Irish society eventually invited a challenge from the forces of opposition below.

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Bennet, John. "The work of the British School at Athens, 2016–2017." Archaeological Reports 63 (November 2017): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000030.

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The relevance in the 21st century of an organization founded in the later 19th century lies in the BSA's statutory objective: ‘to promote the study of Greece in all its aspects … in all periods including modern times’. In modern business jargon, the BSA's ‘unique selling proposition’ is its location, which places UK-based researchers (at all career stages) at the heart of a region not only central to the history of the Western tradition, but also pivotal historically to post-Ottoman southern Europe and currently on the front line of the refugee crisis. Its location also offers local researchers and organizations opportunities to establish collaborations with us and – through us – with UK-based researchers. Our 130-year history brings a strong reputation, an unparalleled regional network, an accumulation of library and material resources, and a body of expertise that benefit both UK-based researchers and those who engage with us as research partners.

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Kim, Jong-geun. "An Analysis on the Shape Changes of the Korean Peninsula on the British Charts of the 19th Century and identification of Factors that Influence the Changes." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-173-2019.

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Abstract. Modern nautical charts, the result of scientific coastal research and survey, had been made from late 18th century, and at the end of 19th century almost of the world had been charted. Different to the neighbouring countries such as China and Japan, Korean peninsula had not been accurately charted until the end of 19th century. Moreover, during the 19th century, the shape of Korean peninsula had been changed several times in the Western nautical charts. However, in the academic circle of the history of cartography, this case was scantly examined. In this presentation, this author, firstly, analyse the changes in the shape of the Korean Peninsula on the British Charts in the 19th Century and, secondly, identifies factors that influence the changes. For this research, British nautical charts, which are the representative and finest charts during the 19th century in the world, are selected. Examined charts are ‘Map of the Islands of Japan Kurile & C.’ (Year of 1811, 1818) of Aaron Arrowsmith (1750&ndash;1823), the hydrographer to his majesty, ‘The Peninsula of Korea (No.1258)’ (year of 1840, 1849) and ‘(Preliminary Chart of) Japan, Nipon Kiusiu and Sikok and a part of the coast of Korea (No. 2347)’ (Year of 1855, 1862, 1873, 1876, 1892, 1898, 1902, 1914) of the British hydrographic office. According to the analysis, major shape changes of the Korean Peninsula were occurred in 1818, 1840, 1849, 1855, 1862, 1873, 1876, 1892, and the shape of the Peninsula became perfect in the chart of the year 1914.Meanwhile, the factors of the shape changes of the Korean peninsula in these nautical charts were various voyages, expeditions, and military surveys to Korea. For example, the change in the map of 1818 was initiated by the voyage of the captain Basil Hall in 1816 to the west coast of Korea, and the change in the map of 1840 was made by the map of Korea of A.J. von Krusenstern (1770&ndash;1846) and the voyage of H.H.Lindsay (1802&ndash;1881) to the west coast of Korea in 1832. Moreover, the modification of 1849 was made by the outcome of E. Belcher’s scientific survey around Jeju Island and other southern islands of Korea. In 1852, French admiral G. de Roquemaurel (1804&ndash;1878) surveyed eastern coast of Korea and drew nautical chart and this chart became the source of the British chart of the year 1855. A Russian admiral, Yevfimy Putyatin (1803&ndash;1883), also surveyed east side of the peninsula and triggered the change of nautical chart of eastern part of Korea. During French campaign against Korea in 1866 and United States expedition to Korea in 1871, French and American navy surveyed west-middle part of the peninsula and added detailed coastline of it and British chart also reflected these changes. The Japan-Korea treaty of 1876 enabled coastal survey of the Korean peninsula by the Japanese navy by the article 7, which permitted any Japanese mariner to conduct surveys and mapping operations at will in the seas off the Korean Peninsula's coastline. By virtue of the treaty, Japan could directly surveyed coastline of Korea and could make updated nautical charts of Korea. These Japanese charts were circulated to the Western countries and British hydrographers made the best use of them. Thanks to this situation, the British admiralty could update the chart of Korean peninsula and the perfect one published in 1914.This analysis contribute not only to understand how and why the shape of Korean peninsula changed in British nautical charts during the 19th century, but also to add the historical case of the map trade and geographical knowledge circulation in East Asia.

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Sun, S., and N. Aoki. "EARLY TRANSFORMATION AND ENLIGHTENMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION IN MODERN EAST ASIA. RESEARCH ON 1866 LAND REGULATIONS OF THE BRITISH CONCESSION OF TIENTSIN." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-729-2021.

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Abstract. The systematic development of British Concession in the 19th century had a profound impact on the development of cities in the history of modernization in East Asia. To find out the relevance of the urban management system of the British concession and the process of urban modernization between different cities in East Asia, this paper combs the development process of land allocation and urban management in the early British concession by using the land regulation. It focuses on the specific case of the 1866 land regulation promulgated by the British concession in Tianjin from the perspective of colonialism and the construction and management system of the East Asian British concession. It analyses the historical background and influence, then further explores the reasons for its promulgation. This finding can fill part of the vacancy in the history of urban development and play an important role in the development of contemporary urban construction in East Asia as reflection and reference.

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Adams, Neil. "Greek and Roman sculpture and inscriptions from Cyrene: recent joins and proposed associations, including a ‘new” private portrait statue, and some recent epigraphic discoveries." Libyan Studies 34 (2003): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026371890000340x.

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AbstractThis article presents a number of joins and associations recently made in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities at the British Museum on sculpture excavated by Robert Murdoch Smith and Edwin Augustus Porcher during their expedition to Cyrene in 1861. The connections were made during an on-going programme within the Greek and Roman Department to provenance and, wherever possible, join the large collection of fragmentary sculpture originating from the big excavations of the 19th century. In addition, some tentative associations between sculpture in the British Museum and others still at Cyrene will be proposed, and some recent epigraphic discoveries made during a visit to the site will also be presented.

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Bigon, Liora. "Between Local and Colonial Perceptions: The History of Slum Clearances in Lagos (Nigeria), 1924-1960." African and Asian Studies 7, no. 1 (2008): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x273088.

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AbstractFollowing the establishment of the British rule in Lagos in the mid-19th century, the pre-colonial settlement became most central in West Africa, economically and administratively. Yet, scarce resources at the disposal of the colonial government and its exploitive nature prevented any serious remedy for the increasingly pressing residential needs. This article examines slum clearances in Lagos from the early 20th century until the de-colonization era in Nigeria (the 1950s), from a perspective of cultural history. This perspective reveals the width of the conceptual gaps between the colonizers and the colonized, and the chronic mutual misunderstanding regarding the nature of slums and the appropriate ways to eliminate them. Tracing the indigenous perceptions and reactions concerning slum clearance shows that the colonial situation was far from being an overwhelmingly hegemonic one.

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Marco, Bresciani. "Tony Judt: il socialismo, gli intellettuali e l'Europa postbellica." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 85 (February 2012): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2012-085006.

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Tony Judt: socialism, intellectuals and postwar Europe sketches an intellectual and historiographical profile of the British Jewish historian Tony Judt (1948-2010). His historical studies concerned French socialism between the 19th and the 20th century, the relationship between French postwar intellectuals and communism, and the East European dissidents. In his masterpiece, Postwar, Judt broadened his historical perspective to Eastern Europe and focussed on the political, social, cultural and economic experiences of the European postwar period.

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Moss, Michael. "The British Fertiliser Manufacturers’ Association: Struggle for Survival 1870‒1930." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0004.

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Abstract Most firms in the British fertiliser industry of the 19th century were small and combined other activities, such as seed merchants, millers, manufacturers of sulphuric acid and in one case explosives. In the heyday of high farming there was almost no co-operation and no attempt to achieve economy of scale through merger and amalgamation. In 1875 just before the onset of the depression the Chemical Manure Manufacturers’ Association was formed to fix prices and address the challenges posed by proposed Government regulation of what was after all a noxious industry. This story mirrors much of British industry, where implicit (price-fixing) cartels failed and individual firms rejected collaboration in favour of what seems an irrational commitment to a free market ideology that was transparently misplaced.

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Bayly, C. A. "The Middle East and Asia during the Age of Revolutions, 1760–1830." Itinerario 10, no. 2 (July 1986): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300007555.

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My interest in this period of imperial history arose first from attempts to find a more general context within which to understand the British conquest of India between 1790 and 1820 and second from an uneasy feeling that our overseas history in Cambridge before 1880 was simply disappearing, and that this would result in the fatal weakening of much of the rest. By ‘overseas history’ I mean: finding a broader context of debate and comparison within which to set more detailed work on particular regions. It is perhaps the very success of such generalising and comparison for the later 19th century — the partition of Africa debate — and the twentieth century debates on the ‘crisis of empires’, ‘depression to independence’ and the new nation states which has had this effect on foreshortening.

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Jenner, Bryan. "‘Articulatory settings’." Historiographia Linguistica 28, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2001): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.28.1.09jen.

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Summary The term ‘articulatory setting’ first appeared in English phonetic literature in a much-cited article by Beatrice Honikman (1964). The link between this term and a set of synonyms used by a range of 19th century European scholars was amply demonstrated by Laver (1978). By examining a few of the many sources available, this article seeks to show, as Laver’s article did not, that the phenomenon that Honikman discusses has been almost continuously present in German phonetic literature from Sievers (1876) onward, and that British scholars in the 20th century failed to take account of this. As a result, the concept was entirely absent from British phonetic literature from about 1909 until 1964. Against this background the article also seeks to establish possible direct sources for Honikman’s ideas.

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Mayer, Peter. "Inventing Village Tradition: The late 19th Century Origins of the North Indian ‘Jajmani System’." Modern Asian Studies 27, no. 2 (May 1993): 357–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011537.

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Many years ago I was asked in a viva voce examination to name the first work which describes the Indian jajmani system. I knew that the jajmani system was of great antiquity, but I had no idea whether it was first described by one of the early European travellers like Bernier, an early 19th century British authority on Indian criminal castes and tribes like Sleeman, or a later authority on castes and folklore like Crooke. So I was rather surprised to learn, after my fumbling, that the first description was that of the Wisers, published in 1930.

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Alacovska, Ana. "The history of participatory practices: rethinking media genres in the history of user-generated content in 19th-century travel guidebooks." Media, Culture & Society 39, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 661–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443716663642.

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This article charts the historical stability and continuity of participatory and crowdsourcing practices. Theoretically, it suggests that the blurring of the boundaries between audiences and producers, with the ensuing result of user-generated content, is by no means solely the upshot of new media technological affordances but largely a function of relatively stabilized, genre-specific formal and functional properties, or ‘genre affordances’. Certain referential and performative genres enable interaction between audiences, texts and producers independently of new media technologies because these genres constitute what matters for both producers and audiences in specific historical circumstances. Genres make available shared cultural, social and pragmatic resources for appropriate and desirable being, doing, feeling and thinking. Empirically, this article builds upon an archival study of co-production related to the specific genre of travel guidebooks. It investigates (a) audience feedback in the form of handwritten letters sent to John Murray, a venerable 19th-century British publishing house, and (b) the ways in which John Murray’s yesteryear guidebook producers actively solicited and implemented reader-authored content in professional production practice.

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Shmuely, Shira. "Curare: The Poisoned Arrow that Entered the Laboratory and Sparked a Moral Debate." Social History of Medicine 33, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hky124.

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Summary Curare, a paralysing poison derived from South American plants, fascinated European explorers with its deadly powers. Generations of travellers were perplexed by how animals affected by curare showed no signs of suffering. British experimenters relabelled curare as an anaesthetic and used it to restrain animals during experiments. But during the 19th century, doubts started to appear: can a paralysed animal feel pain but be unable to express it? A scientific dispute emerged as not all British physiologists accepted Claude Bernard’s claim that curare affected only the motor nerves. The scientific controversy over curare reached the British parliament, and the Cruelty to Animals Act (1876) stated that curare would not be considered an anaesthetic. Nevertheless, antivivisection advocates continued to contest its use for decades. The article reveals new aspects of colonial import of bioactive plants in a case that reshaped the production of medical knowledge and presented epistemological and moral challenges.

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Irving-Stonebraker, Sarah. "From Eden to savagery and civilization: British colonialism and humanity in the development of natural history, ca. 1600–1840." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 23, 2019): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119848623.

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This article is concerned with the relationship between British colonization and the intellectual underpinnings of natural history writing between the 17th and the early 19th centuries. During this period, I argue, a significant discursive shift reframed both natural history and the concept of humanity. In the early modern period, compiling natural histories was often conceived as an endeavour to understand God’s creation. Many of the natural historians involved in the early Royal Society of London were driven by a theological conviction that the New World contained the natural knowledge once possessed by Adam, but lost in the Fall from Eden. By the early 19th century, however, this theological framework for natural history had been superseded by an avowedly progressive vision of the relationship between humanity and nature. No longer ontologically distinct from the rest of creation, the human became a subject of natural history writing in a new way. Encounters between colonizers and colonized thus became a touchstone for tensions between divine and natural historical knowledge. The resolution of these tensions lay in the emergence of a concept of savagery that imbibed both a rational account of historical progress towards civilization and a religious conviction that savage humanity needed rescue from its animal nature.

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Shukurov, Rustam. "STUDY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN MODERN RUSSIAN HISTORIORGRAPHY." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-4-10.

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The article presents the scientific conclusions of modern historiographic research on the history of diplomatic relations of the Bukhara Emirate. The object of the research is the analysis of the history of the activities of Alexander Burns, who carried out a diplomatic mission in Central Asia in the first quarter of the 19th century. The history of the diplomatic missions of the Russian and British empires in relation to the Bukhara Emirate is highlighted. Although most of the research on the history of the Bukhara Emirate has been carried out by historians from Uzbekistan, Russia and Tajikistan, historians from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan can also be found.Index Terms:Bukhara Emirate, embassy, diplomacy, expedition, mission, historiography, research, analysis, conclusion

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Sang, Nguyen Van, and Jolanta A. Daszyńska. "The problem of the abolition of slavery and maritime rights on U.S. vessels with regards to British-American relations in the first half of the 19th century." Przegląd Nauk Historycznych 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 105–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857x.19.02.04.

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The article analyses the struggle of Anglo-American relations connected to slaves and maritime rights on the sea from 1831 to 1842. The study is based on monographs, reports, treaties and correspondences between the two countries from the explosion of the Comet case in 1831 to the signing of the Webster–Ashburton treaty in 1842. This study focuses on three fundamental issues: the appearance of Comet, Encomium, Enterprise, Hermosa and Creole as international incidents with regards to British-American relations; the view of both countries on the abolition of slavery, maritime rights as well as the dispute over issues to resolve arising from these incidents; the results of British-American diplomacy to release slaves and maritime rights after the signing of the Webster–Ashburton treaty. The study found that the American slave ships were special cases in comparison with the previous controversies in bilateral relations. The American slave vessels sailed to the British colonies due to bad weather conditions and a slave rebellion on board. In fact, Great Britain and the United States had never dealt with a similar case, so both sides failed to find a unified view regarding the differences in the laws and policies of the two countries on slavery. The history of British-American relations demonstrated that under the pressures of the border dispute in Maine and New Brunswick, the affairs were not resolved. In addition, it could have had more of an impact on the relationship between the two countries, eventually p the two countries into a war. In that situation, the diplomatic and economic solutions given to the abolition of slavery and maritime rights were only temporary. However, the international affairs related to the American slave vessels paved the way for the settlement of maritime rights for British-American relations in the second half of 19th century.

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Swartz, Sally. "Shrinking: A Postmodern Perspective on Psychiatric Case Histories." South African Journal of Psychology 26, no. 3 (September 1996): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639602600304.

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This article traces the changing form and content of histories taken from patients in South African psychiatric settings over a period of a century, and analyses ways in which current history-taking practice continues to be moulded by discursive practices which have their origin in mid-19th century British psychiatry. It examines the implications of clinicians being record-keepers of their own clinical activities, and comments on ways in which patient identities are constructed by records produced through history-taking activities. The postmodern perspective usefully interrogates the assumption of a linear and unambiguous relationship between past events and present distress, and offers an opportunity for clinicians to understand patients' life stories as rich and ambiguous discourses through which relationships to both past and future are constantly in the process of negotiation.

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Abdullah, Thabit A. J. "The Mandaean Community and Ottoman-British Rivalry in Late 19th-Century Iraq: The Curious Case of Shaykh Ṣaḥan." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 61, no. 3 (April 11, 2018): 396–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341452.

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Abstract In 1895, a Mandaean priest was captured near the town of Chabāyish in Iraq and brought to the jailhouse in Basra. Shaykh Ṣaḥan was accused of murdering his nephew and, more significantly, of supporting an Arab tribal rebellion against Ottoman authority. Using archival sources and Mandaean oral history, this article analyzes the case of Shaykh Ṣaḥan within the context of state centralization, Ottoman-British rivalry, and the internal conflicts among the Mandaeans. The case is significant because it sheds light on how large-scale transformations affected vulnerable minorities like the Mandaeans, and the way these communities struggled to survive in turbulent times.

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Tantivejakul, Napawan. "Nineteenth century public relations: Siam's campaign to defend national sovereignty." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 4 (July 26, 2020): 623–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-11-2019-0134.

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PurposeThis research aims to identify the use of the public relations (PR) methods implemented by King Rama V and his administration to counter the threat to Siam of imperialism in the late 19th century. It also seeks to demonstrate the interplay of the communication strategies used in international diplomacy to enhance Siam's visibility among major European nations.Design/methodology/approachThis is a historical study using both primary and secondary sources. It is a development of the national PR history methodology using a descriptive, fact-based and event-oriented approach.FindingsThe main findings are that (1) a PR strategy drove international diplomacy under the administration of Siam's monarch incorporating strategies such as governmental press relations activities; (2) the strategy in building Siam's image as a civilized country was successfully communicated through the personality of King Rama V during his first trip to Europe; (3) with a close observation of the public and press sentiments, the outcome of the integrated PR and diplomatic campaigns was that Siam defended its sovereignty against British and French imperialists’ pressures and was therefore never colonized.Research limitations/implicationsThis research adds to the body of knowledge of global PR history by demonstrating that PR evolved before the 20th century in different countries and cultures with different historical paths and sociocultural, political and economic contexts.Originality/valueThis study from an Asian nation demonstrates that PR was being practiced in the late 19th century outside the Western context, prior to the advent of the term. It is a rare example of PR being developed as a part of an anti-colonization strategy.

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Buchan, Bruce, and Linda Andersson Burnett. "Knowing savagery: Australia and the anatomy of race." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 28, 2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119836587.

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When Australia was circumnavigated by Europeans in 1801–02, French and British natural historians were unsure how to describe the Indigenous peoples who inhabited the land they charted and catalogued. Ideas of race and of savagery were freely deployed by both British and French, but a discursive shift was underway. While the concept of savagery had long been understood to apply to categories of human populations deemed to be in want of more historically advanced ‘civilisation’, the application of this term in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was increasingly being correlated with the emerging terminology of racial characteristics. The terminology of race was still remarkably fluid, and did not always imply fixed physical or mental endowments or racial hierarchies. Nonetheless, by means of this concept, natural historians began to conceptualise humanity as subject not only to historical gradations, but also to the environmental and climatic variations thought to determine race. This in turn meant that the degree of savagery or civilisation of different peoples could be understood through new criteria that enabled physical classification, in particular by reference to skin colour, hair, facial characteristics, skull morphology, or physical stature: the archetypal criteria of race. While race did not replace the language of savagery, in the early years of the 19th century savagery was re-inscribed by race.

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Koch, Johannes, John J. Clague, and Gerald D. Osborn. "Glacier fluctuations during the past millennium in Garibaldi Provincial Park, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e07-019.

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The Little Ice Age glacier history in Garibaldi Provincial Park (southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia) was reconstructed using geomorphic mapping, radiocarbon ages on fossil wood in glacier forefields, dendrochronology, and lichenometry. The Little Ice Age began in the 11th century. Glaciers reached their first maximum of the past millennium in the 12th century. They were only slightly more extensive than today in the 13th century, but advanced at least twice in the 14th and 15th centuries to near their maximum Little Ice Age positions. Glaciers probably fluctuated around these advanced positions from the 15th century to the beginning of the 18th century. They achieved their greatest extent between A.D. 1690 and 1720. Moraines were deposited at positions beyond present-day ice limits throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. Glacier fluctuations appear to be synchronous throughout Garibaldi Park. This chronology agrees well with similar records from other mountain ranges and with reconstructed Northern Hemisphere temperature series, indicating global forcing of glacier fluctuations in the past millennium. It also corresponds with sunspot minima, indicating that solar irradiance plays an important role in late Holocene climate change.

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Journal articles on the topic '19th century British history'

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