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1
Hadjiandreou, Andri. "Intentions and interpretations : form, narrativity and performance approaches to the 19th-century piano ballade." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2014. http://research.gold.ac.uk/11032/.
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This thesis is concerned with how a performer might engage with the supposed narrative elements in piano ballades of the nineteenth century, and more generally with the performative principles that would be needed to sustain a narrative realisation of music wherever it seemed appropriate. Of course, the presence of narrative elements in music is usually defined not according to the methods employed by performers, but to those familiar from literary, historical, contextual and analytic studies of the music-as-a-text. Therefore a first step is to examine the tensions between methodologies centred on the “work-as-a-text”, and those concerned with the act of performance. Some important distinctions between critical interpretations and performance interpretations are suggested, even if the former sometimes provide an instigating basis for the latter. Out of this comes a need to demonstrate that, in respect to musical “meaning”, performance has a generative as well as reproductive role, and that the processes and decisions embedded in the acts of rehearsal and the “unfolding-through-time” of performances are central to the creation and emergence of such meanings, including narrative meanings. Next, the evidence for the existence of narrative meanings in music is placed in a particular historical context (that concerned with the development of the piano ballade and its conventions), and in the framework of the changing aesthetic attitudes towards programme music in the first half of the nineteenth century –attitudes that played out in radically different ways in relation to those piano works by Chopin, Schumann and Liszt that form part of this study. The focus then turns to possible and actual performances of these works, and questions are asked about how performances, as implicative sonic shapes and gestural events, for example, might be analysed and theorised by employing recent methodologies of the discipline of performance studies. A final step is to develop and test those findings against a series of case studies of performance approaches to particular works – by Kullak, Chopin, and Liszt – the last two of which are included in the recital that accompanies this doctoral investigation.
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Kramer, Patricia Anne. "The history, form and context of the 19th century corbelled buildings of the Great Karoo." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12087.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The major objective of this thesis was to record, document and describe the corbelled buildings of the Great Karoo, a form of 19th century vernacular architecture. The thesis builds on the pioneering descriptive work of James Walton in the 1960s. Description of these structures lays the foundation for a more contextual interpretation of them. This focuses on the 19th century trekboer small stock farmers who occupied these buildings, and whose cultural history dates back to their 18th century movement onto the VOC Cape frontier that resulted in ongoing interaction with indigenous people and the Karoo habitat. The thesis specifically suggests that these corbelled buildings were an outcome of these cultural exchanges and interactions with Khoe and southern Sotho-speaking farmers. The research examines evidence for the chronology of these structures between the 1820s and 1870s, reasons for their discrete distribution in the Karoo and the engineering of construction.
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Venegas, Carro Gabriel Ignacio, and Carro Gabriel Ignacio Venegas. "The Slow Movements of Anton Bruckner's Symphonies: Dialogical Perspectives." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626364.
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This study presents a detailed analytical examination of formal organization in Anton Bruckner’s early instrumental slow movements: from the String Quartet, WAB 111, to the Third Symphony, WAB 103. It proposes an analytical methodology and conception of the formative process of musical works that seeks to 1) reappraise the development and idiosyncrasies of his slow movements’ form, and 2) turn the textual multiplicity often associated with Bruckner’s large-scale works (a scholarly issue often referred to as the “Bruckner Problem”) into a Bruckner Potential.
In addressing traditional and innovative formal aspects of Bruckner’s music, critics have tended to overemphasize one side or the other, consequentially portraying his handling of form as either whimsical or excessively schematic. By way of a reconstruction of Bruckner’s early experiments with slow-movement form (1862–1873), this study argues that influential lines of criticism in the reception history of Bruckner’s large-scale forms find little substantiation in the acoustical surface of Bruckner’s music and its dialogic engagement with mid- and late-19th-century generic expectations.
Because the textual multiplicity often associated with Bruckner’s works does not sit comfortably with traditional notions of authenticity and authorship, Bruckner scholarship has operated under aesthetic premises that fail to acknowledge textual multiplicity as a basic trait of his oeuvre. The present study circumvents this shortcoming by conceiving formal-expressive meaning in Bruckner’s symphonies as growing out of a dual-dimensional dialogue comprising 1) an outward dialogue, characterized by the interplay between a given version of a Bruckner symphony and its implied genre (in this case, sonata form); and 2) an inward dialogue, characterized by the interplay among the various individualized realizations of a single Bruckner symphony. The analytical method is exemplified through a detailed consideration of each of the surviving realizations of the slow movement of Bruckner’s Third Symphony, WAB 103.
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Rockwood, Mark. "Form, Style, and Influence in the Chamber Music of Antonin Dvořák." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22726.
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The last thirty years have seen a resurgence in the research of sonata form. One groundbreaking treatise in this renaissance is James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy’s 2006 monograph Elements of Sonata Theory: Norms, Types, and Deformations in the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata. Hepokoski and Darcy devise a set of norms in order to characterize typical happenings in a late 18th-century sonata. Subsequently, many theorists have taken these norms (and their deformations) and extrapolate them to 19th-century sonata forms. My work aims to characterize Antonin Dvořák’s chamber music in the context of Sonata Theory, using the treatise as a jumping off point in order to analyze his music.
This dissertation contains three main chapters. The first chapter deals with two of the themes of this dissertation: form and influence. Schubert’s influence on Dvořák’s music was notable, so after comparing some of Dvořák’s writing about Schubert’s music, I examine specific musical elements (sonic, formal, and structural) from Schubert’s String Quintet in C Major, D. 956 that Dvořák emulates in his string quartet in the same key. Chapters 3 and 4 put Dvořák’s sonata form practices into a 19th-century context, and I examine how he treats the MC and EEC sections of an exposition. In Chapter 3, I contend that Dvořák’s use of energy loss before and after the medial caesura is just as rhetorically successful as 18th-century composer’s use of energy gain in the transition section of a sonata. Additionally, many of Dvořák’s sonata forms feature expositions with vastly elongated S themes, thereby pushing rhetorical closure of the exposition back. This is unlike 18th-century sonatas, whose expositions routinely wrap up with a cadence in the second key after the first phrase. Thus, Chapter 4 displays several sonatas where Dvořák extends S-rhetoric in order to delay the close of the exposition.
Even though not originally intended for this music, Hepokoski and Darcy’s treatise provides a fruitful set of norms that can be related to works from the 19th century. Additionally, Dvořák’s music is especially appropriate for this treatment, as his compositional style owes many allegiances to 18th-century techniques.
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Kirkendoll, Ceri Danika, and n/a. "The slab houses of Canberra: A comparative analysis of design, form, and meaning." University of Canberra. Arts & Design, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081204.124329.
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This thesis represents the first effort to catalogue extant timber slab houses of 19th century
Canberra and its outlying regions. From an archaeological viewpoint, it looks at slab
houses as above-ground artefacts that possess ingrained information about the culture that
built them and analyses them as material culture through an investigation of their: history,
material, construction, function and design. It is inspired by the work of folk historian,
Henry Glassie, and focuses on form and pattern, through a comparison of floor plans, in
order to understand the needs, minds and behaviours of early Canberrans. The thesis also
draws on the historic documentary record of a similar local group of houses, those resumed
by the Commonwealth in 1912-13.
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Vasavada, Megan. "Novel Gifts: The Form and Function of Gift Exchange in Nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13240.
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This dissertation draws on studies of gift exchange by cultural anthropologists and social theorists to examine representations of gifts and gift giving in nineteenth-century British novels. While most studies of the economic imagination of nineteenth-century literature rely on and respond to a framework formulated by classical political economy and consequently overlook nonmarket forms of social exchange, I draw on gift theory in order to make visible the alternate, everyday exchanges shaping social relations and identity within the English novel. By analyzing formal and thematic representations of gifting over the course of the nineteenth century, in novels by Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and George Eliot, I consider the way that gift exchange relates and responds to the emergence of capitalism and consumer culture. I trace two distinct developments in nineteenth-century gift culture: the first, the emergence of an idealized view of the gift as purely disinterested, spontaneous, and free, and the second, the emergence of a view of charity as demoralizing to the poor. These developments, I contend, were distinct ideological formations of liberal economic society and reveal a desire to make the gift conform to individualism. However, I suggest further that these transformations of the gift proceeded unevenly, for in their attention to the logic and practice of giving, nineteenth-century writers both give voice to and subvert these cultural formations. Alongside the figure of the benevolent philanthropist, the demoralized pauper, and the quintessential image of altruism, the selflessly giving domestic woman, nineteenth-century novels present another view of gift exchange, one that sees the gift as a mix of interest and disinterest, freedom and obligation, and persons and things. Ultimately, by reading the gift relations animating nineteenth-century novels, I draw attention to the competing conceptions of selfhood underlying gift and market forms of exchange in order to offer a broader history of exchange and personhood. In its recognition of expansive conceptions of the self and obligatory gifts, this dissertation recovers a history of the gift that calls into question the ascendency of the autonomous individual and the view of exchange as an anonymous, self-interested transaction.
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Walker, Gore Clare Helen. "Plotting disability : physical difference, characterisation, and the form of the novel, 1837-1907." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709332.
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Cowell, Christopher Ainslie. "Form follows fever malaria and the making of Hong Kong, 1841-1848." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42685618.
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Nakhaeï, Bentolhoda. "Critical Analysis of the Stylistic Transformations in the 19th and 20th-century English and French Translations of Omar Khayyám’s Rubáiyát : exploring the Common Quatrains in FitzGerald, Arberry, Nicolas, and Lazard." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA144.
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Cette thèse vise à procéder à une analyse minutieuse de la transformation de la forme et du sens dans la traduction des Robâïât de Omar Khayyám, dans quatre importantes traductions – deux en anglais et deux en français, des XIXe et XXe siècles. Les traducteurs des traductions sélectionnées sont Edward FitzGerald, Arthur John Arberry, Jean-Baptiste Nicolas et Gilbert Lazard. Les traductions réalisées par ces traducteurs ont offert des possibilités d’investigation dans un cadre linguistique donné. En effet, on peut se demander si les traducteurs ont transformé la signification et la forme des quatrains perses. Si oui, quelles procédures ont-ils utilisées ? Plus précisément, comment les réseaux signifiants sous-jacents ont-ils été rendus par les plus importants traducteurs anglais et français des XIXe et XXe siècles ? Par ailleurs, il s’agira d’essayer d’évaluer la qualité de l’écriture dans la langue cible de chaque traduction. En somme, cette thèse cherche à comprendre si les traducteurs sont parvenus à saisir l’importance de la signification du sous-texte et l’élégance de la forme poétique des Robâïât. Cette thèse propose une application scientifique des concepts théoriques de différents chercheurs en traductologie, linguistique et littérature. Les théories dominantes utilisées dans la présente étude sont celles d’Antoine Berman, de Henri Meschonnic, Peter Newmark, Eugene Albert Nida, Susan Bassnett, Mona Baker, Geoffrey N. Leech, I.A. Richards, Roger T. Bell, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, Michael Hanne, et Max Black. En outre, il doit être indiqué que cette thèse vise à créer un équilibre entre deux pôles de la traductologie, à savoir celui qui s’intéresse aux traductions orientées vers la langue cible et celui qui s’intéresse aux traductions orientées vers la langue source.La traduction des Robâïât dans les langues germaniques et romanes est un sujet digne d’intérêt et propice à la discussion. Cette recherche vise à montrer que l’étude des traductions des Robâïât pourrait contribuer à mettre en évidence les difficultés et même l’impossibilité qu’il y a à rendre certaines caractéristiques de l’original persan en anglais et en français<br>This thesis aims to carry out a meticulous analysis of the transformation of form and meaning in the rendition of the Rubáiyát in four significant 19th and 20th-century translations—two in English and two in French. The translators of the selected translations are Edward FitzGerald, Arthur John Arberry, Jean-Baptiste Nicolas, and Gilbert Lazard. The translations produced by these translators have offered opportunities of investigation within linguistic boundaries. In fact, one may wonder if the translators have transformed the meaning and the form of the Persian quatrains. If so, which procedures have they employed? More precisely, how are the underlying networks of signification rendered by the most significant English and French translators of the 19th and 20th centuries? Furthermore, what is the quality of the writing in the target language in each translation? On the whole, this thesis seeks to appreciate whether the translators have been successful in understanding the significance of the subtext and the elegance of the poetic form of the Rubáiyát.This dissertation provides its readers with a scientific application of the theoretical concepts of different theorists in translation studies, linguistics, and literature. The most salient theories employed in the present research are those of Antoine Berman, Henri Meschonnic, Peter Newmark, Eugene Albert Nida, Susan Bassnett, Mona Baker, Geoffrey N. Leech, I.A. Richards, Roger T. Bell, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, Michael Hanne, and Max Black. In addition, it must be indicated that this thesis sets out to create a balance between two poles in translation studies, i.e. target-oriented and source-oriented translations.The translation of Omar Khayyám’s Rubáiyát into Germanic and Romance languages is an interesting and controversial subject to discuss. This research seeks to prove that the study of the translations of the Rubáiyát can contribute to highlighting the difficulties and the impossibilities of the rendition of certain issues from Persian into English or French
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Falterman, David. "Two-Dimensional Sonata Form as Methodology: Understanding Sonata-Variation Hybrids through a Two-Dimensional Lens." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505161/.
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One of the difficulties of nineteenth-century form studies is ambiguity in ascertaining which formal types are at work and in what ways. This can be an especially difficult problem when multiple formal types seem to influence the construction of a single composition. Drawing on some recent innovations in form studies proposed by Steven Vande Moortele, Janet Schmalfeldt, and Caitlin Martinkus, I first develop a set of analytical tools specifically made for the analysis of sonata/variation formal hybrids. I then refine these tools by applying them to the analysis of two pieces. Chopin's Fourth Piano Ballade can be understood from this perspective as primarily following the broad outlines of a sonata form, but with important influences from the recursive structures of variation forms; Franck's Symphonic Variations, on the other hand, are better viewed as engaging most of all with multiple variation-form paradigms and overlaying them with some of the rhetorical and formal structures of sonata forms. I conclude with a brief speculation on some further, more general applications of my methodology.
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O'Donnell, Stuart. "The author and the shepherd : the paratextual self-representations of James Hogg (1807-1835)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12940.
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The Author and the Shepherd: The Paratextual Self-Representations of James Hogg (1807-1835) This project establishes a literary-cultural trajectory in the career of Scottish poet and author James Hogg (1770-1835) through the close reading of his self-representational paratextual material. It argues that these paratexts played an integral part in Hogg’s writing career and, as such, should be considered among his most important works. Previous critics have drawn attention to Hogg’s paratextual self-representations; this project, however, singles them out for comprehensive analysis as literary texts in their own right, comparing and contrasting how Hogg’s use of such material differed from other writers of his period, as well as how his use of it changed and developed as his career progressed. Their wider cultural significance is also considered. Hogg not only used paratextual material to position himself strategically in his literary world but also to question, challenge and undermine some of the dominant socio-cultural paradigms and hierarchies of the early-nineteenth century, not least the role and position of ‘peasant poets’ (such as himself) in society. Hogg utilised self-representational paratextual material throughout his literary career. Unlike other major writers of the period Hogg, a self-taught shepherd, had to justify and explain his position in society as ‘an author’ through these pseudo-autobiographical paratexts, which he attached to most of his works (in such forms as memoirs, introductions, dedications, notes and footnotes, and introductory paragraphs to stories). Via these liminal devices he created and propagated his authorial persona of ‘The Ettrick Shepherd’, whose main function was to draw attention to Hogg’s preeminent place in the traditional world, and to his status as a ‘peasant poet’. It was on the basis of this position that he argued for his place in the Scottish literary world of the early-nineteenth century and, ultimately, in literary history. His paratextual self-representations are thus a crucial element in his literary career. Drawing on Gerard Genette’s description of ‘the paratext’, the authorial theories of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault (along with more recent authorial criticism), as well as autobiographical theory, this project traces Hogg’s changing use of self-representational paratexts throughout his career, from his first major work The Mountain Bard (1807) to his final book of stories Tales of the Wars of Montrose (1835). By reading Hogg’s paratexts closely, this project presents a unique view – from the inside out – of the specific literary world into which Hogg attempted to position himself as an author.
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Souza, Jose Carlos Siqueira de. "Eça ensaísta: estudo sobre o trabalho jornalístico de Eça de Queirós para a Gazeta de Notícias, do Rio de Janeiro, ao final do século XIX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-02102007-151140/.
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Partindo da afirmação de Antonio Candido de que Eça de Queirós escreveu na última década do século XIX seus \"artigos mais avançados politicamente\" sobre o socialismo e a burguesia capitalista, esta pesquisa definiu como seu objeto de estudo uma série de artigos publicados nesse período na Gazeta de Notícias, diário carioca de grande prestígio, que contemplava essa temática. Os pressupostos que direcionaram a pesquisa foram a de que os textos apontados por Antonio Candido configuravam em seu conjunto um projeto literário e, individualmente, poderiam ser compreendidos como ensaios, no sentido proposto por Adorno e Lukács. Para se testar tais idéias, procedeu-se a uma análise da forma dos artigos integrada com o estudo de seu contexto histórico e literário, utilizando-se para tanto os recursos teóricos e interpretativos de Roberto Schwarz, John Gledson e Dolf Oehler, além do direcionamento crítico desenvolvido por Candido.<br>Starting from the Antonio Candido\'s statement that Eça de Queirós wrote his \"more advanced articles in terms of politics\" on socialism and capitalist bourgeoisie in the last decade of the ninetieth century, this research has defined as its object of study a series of the articles published, in that period, in Gazeta de Notícias, a very prestigious daily newspaper of Rio de Janeiro, which used to contemplate that thematic. The research has been oriented by the presuppositions that the texts that were indicated by Antonio Candido configure a literary project in a group and, individually, they could be understood as essays in the sense proposed by Adorn and Lukács. To test such ideas, an analysis of the form of the essays integrated with the study of its historical and literary context took place, supported by the theoretical and interpretative resources by Roberto Schwarz, John Gledson and Dolf Oehler, besides the critical direction developed by Candido.
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Costa, Marisa Célia da Silva Resende da. "Study of 19th century wall tiles for technical replicas development." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12103.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil<br>O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi sistematizar características físico- químicas dos azulejos para conservação e restauro de fachadas azulejares da cidade de Ovar, pertencentes à fase produtiva da semi-industrialização e industrialização dos finais do século XIX inico do século XX, de forma a produzir réplicas técnicas para recolocação nos locais de fachada com lacunas de azulejo.
Além de se ter criado uma base de dados sobre estes materiais, formularam-se réplicas para os corpos cerâmicos calcários e pó de pedra, sugerindo matérias-primas e grau de moagem para a sua formulação, pressão de prensagem, ciclo e temperaturas máximas de cozedura conferindo-lhes características técnicas para que estas possam ser aplicadas lado a lado com os azulejos seculares, sem que perturbem a unicidade técnica da fachada.
Investigaram-se duas das patologias mais recorrentes que afectam o vidrado: destacamento por cristalização de sais e fendilhamento. A primeira afecta a perda da parte pictórica do azulejo, atirando-o para uma remoção compulsiva da fachada aquando da sua intervenção para conservação restauro. A segunda permite-nos compreender possíveis compromissos técnicos feitos no passado.<br>The main objective of this work was to systematize physic-chemical characteristics of tiles removed for conservation and restoration of façades in the city of Ovar, belonging to the productive stage of semi industrialisation and industrialisation in late 19th century beginning of 20th century, in order to produce technical replicas to be used in façades gaps.
Besides creating a database on these materials with an inexistent extension in Portugal, it was also achieved the lab production of replicas for ceramic bodies of calcitic tiles and pó de pedra, suggesting raw materials and its particle size, pressing pressure, maximum temperatures and firing cycle, assuring technical characteristics so that they can be applied alongside the secular tiles without disturbing the technical harmony behaviour of the facade.
Two of the most recurrent pathology affecting the glaze were investigated: glaze detachment promoted by salts crystallization and crazing. The first affects the loss of the tile waterproof decoration, throwing it to a compulsory removal of the facade at its intervention for restore and conservation. The second allows us to understand possible technical commitments made in the past.
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Boulan, Muriel. "La Symphonie française entre 1830 et 1870." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040107.
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Lorsque l’on évoque la symphonie en France au milieu du XIXe siècle, on ne retient généralement que le nom de Berlioz et l’on insiste sur une désaffection du genre tant de la part des compositeurs que du public. Pourtant, malgré un recul des créations, malgré le défi posé par l’héritage beethovénien et alors même que le contexte musical favorise principalement la scène lyrique, une soixantaine de compositeurs continuent à s’intéresser au domaine exclusivement instrumental de la symphonie et assurent le maintien d’un genre entre 1830 et la génération franckiste. Au-delà de son aspect historique, cette thèse vise à cerner les caractéristiques stylistiques de tout un ensemble d’œuvres, à les situer dans l’évolution d’un genre en les analysant à la fois par rapport aux normes viennoises, aux productions contemporaines germaniques et aux avancées plus générales du langage. Après une première partie centrée sur le contexte musical qui a vu naître ces symphonies, les enjeux pédagogiques qu’elles suscitent et le rôle décisif des sociétés orchestrales, l’analyse entre au cœur des partitions dans une démarche comparative à la fois quantitative et qualitative, depuis l’agencement interne des plus petits éléments musicaux jusqu’à la réalisation de la grande forme. À travers l’observation des pratiques globales et individuelles qui concourent à une réévaluation des normes, à la refonte ponctuelle mais progressive des cadres, se dégagent l’autonomie d’un genre par rapport à son modèle germanique et la permanence d’une école symphonique française tout au long du XIXe siècle<br>When one deals with the symphony in mid-19th century France only the name of Berlioz comes to mind and one emphasizes a disaffection for the genre among composers as well as audiences. However, despite fewer creations, despite the awe-inspiring Beethovenian legacy and despite the overwhelming place held by the operatic scene during those decades, some sixty composers around Hector Berlioz still devoted themselves to the purely instrumental genre and achieved the development of the symphony between 1830 and the Franckist generation. Beyond its historical relevance, this doctoral dissertation aims at defining the stylistic features of a corpus of symphonic works and at placing them in the evolution of the genre by analyzing them in relation to Viennese standards, to contemporary Germanic productions and to the more general innovations in the musical language. After first focusing on the musical context in which these symphonies were composed, on the pedagogic stakes entailed and on the decisive role of orchestral societies, the analysis will then closely examine the scores in a quantitative and qualitative comparative approach moving from the internal construction of the smallest musical elements to the completion of the large form. The autonomy of a genre distinct from its Germanic model and the permanence of a French symphonic school throughout the 19th century will emerge thanks to the observation of collective and individual practices which contributed to a reassessment of norms, to a selective but gradual revision of musical forms
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Brackenborough, Susan. "Accounting for the management of the River Tyne in the 19th century." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/772.
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The relationship between accounting and central government, together with the increasing statutory regulation of companies during the 190' century, have attracted a great deal of attention from accounting historians. Conversely, accounting change within local authorities, more specifically river authorities, in this period has attracted far less. The study considers the management of the River from the perspectives of who controlled it, how its development was funded, the stakeholders to which Tyne Improvement Commission [TIC] was accountable, and investment in capital projects. The study reveals that accounting data played an important role, in recording operational activities and informing strategic decisions, and also in fighting the political battles as competing stakeholders vied for hegemony. Those who prepared the accounts were aware of the merits of doing accounting well as a means of reducing borrowing costs and forestalling costly political inquiries. The major stakeholders in the River Tyne included local and national government, the TIC, traders and ship-owners, and groups of professionals such as bookkeepers and engineers who were involved in the accounting process. In many cases the interests of these parties conflicted, and accounting was deployed as a political device `to act as both mediator and contester' in resolving disputes [Francis, 1990, p. 10]. The thesis also shows that accounts were used as a communication medium, informing and ultimately aiding radical, democratic forces in challenging the existing social structure. The thesis adds to a growing body of critical researchers who have developed the idea that accounting can be used as an emancipatory tool in society as a counterfoil to the majority of their number who see it as a tool of oppression by social elites. The study illustrates how accounting impinged on the development of the River, sometimes as a retarder and sometimes as a facilitator, but always vital to its progress.
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Szabo, Jason. ""Suffering, shame and the search for succour" : incurable illness in nineteenth-century France." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84870.
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Abstract not available.<br>Until now, historians have devoted relatively little attention to the rich field of patients' struggles with chronic progressive disease. This study proposes to begin to fill this lacuna by examining in detail the meaning and implications of one central principle of nineteenth-century clinical medicine: incurability. Though the judgement of incurability is the product of a medical encounter, its significance extended well beyond the clinic. For being incurable in nineteenth-century France was a social event in the broadest sense, putting the individual at the centre of a complex web of people with different expectations and duties. Patients and their farnilies sought relief and solace within the confines of their homes and, frequently enough, in hospital. The physician was expected to prognosticate and to heal, while women, usually members of the immediate family or a religious order, carried out the duties of daily care. Either by choice or institutional diktat, many incurably ill individuals were visited by a priest or some other representative of the Church. Finally, their lives were deeply influenced by the decisions of local and, to an ever increasing degree, national politicians mandated to tackle questions of charity and social policy. Each chapter of this thesis will examine facets of the experience of incurability within the context of existing social structures: medical, religious, economic, and political.
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Cooper, Amy Nicole. "Criticism of Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony in London and Boston, 1819-1874: A Forum for Public Discussion of Musical Topics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103304/.
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Critics who discuss Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony often write about aspects that run counter to their conception of what a symphony should be, such as this symphony’s static nature and its programmatic elements. In nineteenth-century Boston and London, criticism of the Pastoral Symphony reflects the opinions of a wide range of listeners, as critics variably adopted the views of the intellectual elite and general audience members. As a group, these critics acted as intermediaries between various realms of opinion regarding this piece. Their writing serves as a lens through which we can observe audiences’ acceptance of ideas common in contemporaneous musical thought, including the integrity of the artwork, the glorification of genius, and ideas about meaning in music.
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Brown, Myron D. "The 19th Century Tarantella for Piano: A Pedagogical Guide to Performance and Leveling." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1302883737.
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Crowfoot, Silas Niobeh. "Community Development for a White City: Race Making, Improvementism, and the Cincinnati Race Riots and Anti-Abolition Riots of 1829, 1836, and 1841." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3.
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This project is an historical ethnography and a cultural history of the anti-black race riots and anti-abolition riots in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1829, 1836, and 1841. It is also a case history in an urban and commercial/early industrial context of the idea that violent social practices such as riots, as well as law and the customary practices of everyday living, are deployed as race making technologies, actually constructing racial categories. By extending this constructivist concept to the conversion of space to place through the human ascription of meaning, this study also examines racial violence as a strategy for place making - for establishing and maintaining Cincinnati as a white city, one in which the social practices of its white residents, including those of community development, consistently define and preserve the privileges of being white. Many sectors of the white-identified population performed this co-construction of race and place. Using a multi-disciplinary approach to method and theory, the discourses and practices of improvement - the community development of the period - and of race making in antebellum Cincinnati were analyzed using local newspapers and a variety of other published and unpublished sources from the period. Analysis of the overlapping discourses and practices of race making and the "Negro problem" and of improvement indicated that white Cincinnatians of all classes, men and women, participated in creating a local racialized culture of community development. This was a prevailing set of values and practices in the city based on assumptions about who could be improved, who could improve the city, and who should benefit from the city's improvements. The language of local improvement boosters was particularly powerful in synthesizing images of nation, region, and community in which a harmonious fit between the land, the virtuous population who comes to develop it, and the free and republican institutions they put on the land had no room for Negroes and mulattoes in the picture. White rioters, and those elites and city officials who enabled them to act, acted with them, or didn't stop them from assaulting Negroes, mulattoes, or the abolitionists who were their allies, and burning and looting their property, acted within a socio-cultural context of widespread local economic and social boosterism and improvementism. Using their local common sense about race relations, as well as about improving the community, the white residents of Cincinnati enacted a public strategy of community development to attempt to achieve a city with few Negroes. Racialized community development, instrumentalized though the collective violence of race riots and ant-abolition riots, made Cincinnati a whiter city.
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Cochrane, Michelle L. "Educational Opportunities Available for Women in Antebellum Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5383/.
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The matter of formal education for women in the antebellum South raises many questions, especially for the frontier state of Texas. Were there schools for young women in antebellum Texas? If so, did these schools emphasize academic or ornamental subjects? Did only women from wealthy families attend? This study answered these questions by examining educational opportunities in five antebellum Texas counties. Utilizing newspapers, probate records, tax records, and the federal census, it identified schools for girls in all of the counties and found that those schools offered academic as well as ornamental subjects. Almost all of the girls who attended those schools came from privileged families. Schools were available for young women in antebellum Texas, but generally only those from wealthy families were able to attend.
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Lundegård, Karin. "Bränn mitt bref! : En poststrukturalistiskt inspirerad studie av författaren Marianne Lundegård-Hagbergs utträdande ur historien." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77317.
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Abstract This thesis discusses and analyses a 19th century female author's vanishing from history. The study investigates social relationships as figured and described in the epistolary form, based on letters between the author herself and different members of her family. It also tries to identify the author's position and situation in her time and society according to important themes and motifs in her novels. The main purpose is not to reconstruct history, but rather to show the many complex histories that can also be described, apart from the simplified and generalized one. The aim of this study is to, from a post-structuralist perspective, analyze the position of author Marianne Lundegård-Hagberg, and her role as a performative, discursive person that history forgot.
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Gogan, Tanya Lee. "Accounting for legitimacy : leading retailers, petty shopkeepers, and itinerant vendors in Halifax, Nova Scotia, c.1871 to 1901." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38195.
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By combining the tools of social history, poststructural analysis, and cultural studies, this dissertation explores the perceptions and realities of late nineteenth-century retailing within Halifax, Nova Scotia. The study places business within a social, cultural, economic, and political framework, while presenting an uncommon case study in professionalization, emphasizing the heterogeneity of retailers, and redefining petty enterprise as commercial activity worthy of research. Additionally, the dissertation addresses a region and occupational group often neglected by Canadian historians.<br>Specifically, the following study examines the late-Victorian drive for commercial professionalization, middle-class discourse on legitimacy, and recruitment of urban shopkeepers. In an era obsessed with modernity, decades plagued with financial recession, and a region haunted by a conservative reputation, prominent shopkeepers desired an elevated status for themselves, their trade, and their city. Besides the self-representations of leading proprietors, discussions of legitimacy rested upon the views offered by credit-reporting agents, supplying wholesalers, state officials, and social reformers. The external perceptions of retailing 'others'---marginal shopkeepers and itinerant traders---also helped distinguish the 'legitimate' retailer. Contributors to the discourse may have promoted the education of professional business standards, but exclusion remained an essential strategy in designating legitimacy.<br>Although participants in the discourse never applied the criteria consistently, the identity of the 'legitimate' retailer involved the practice of up-to-date business methods and the application of contemporary notions regarding class, gender, race, ethnicity, and religion. Unfortunately for individuals concerned with promoting professionalization, no consensus emerged for the exact definition of legitimacy. Thus, most attempts to create a homogeneous and professional shopkeeping identity failed.<br>Despite this failure, retailers demonstrated a remarkable degree of active agency. Women, minorities, immigrants, and Roman Catholics engaged in business in surprisingly large numbers. Meanwhile, leading shopkeepers were not a population of politically impotent inhabitants who blindly accepted Halifax's reputation for unprogressive enterprise. Finally, whether a retailer confronted modernity willingly or chose to reject the dictates of professionalism, all proprietors actively negotiated a course for success or pursued strategies lessening the burden of financial failure.
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Deitz, Charles. "'A Tomb for the Living': An Analysis of Late 19th-Century Reporting on the Insane Asylum." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24206.
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This study examines newspaper portrayals of the American insane asylum between 1887 and 1895. The focus is on the way the mental health system was represented to the public in the era of Nellie Bly, the stunt journalist who investigated a Manhattan insane asylum in 1887. The project reveals the ways in which the newspapers aggregated a variety of narratives around the insane asylum which ultimately presented the institution in such a way that served the needs of the press.
For those without firsthand knowledge of the insane asylum, the newspaper was the primary source of information. In that medium, there was a system of knowledge created and disseminated, one that integrated and conflated the public answer to mental illness with other sociopolitical issues such as economics, crime, gender, and ethnicity. The content created a meaning in which the deteriorating asylum system was presented contradictorily as an ineffective yet permanent public reality.
Furthermore, newspapers reinforced and augmented an existing shame around mental illness. Mental illness evolved from a private/family concern to one of public import over the course of the 19th century. Thus, mental affliction became more than a moral failing or a character flaw; it had been elevated to a social problem to be tended by the government. Therefore, the problem of the mentally ill fell under the jurisdiction of the metro newspaper, which often published articles relaying asylum expenses, investigations into the failing asylums themselves, or speculations as to the cause of a person's sickness.
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Scuoteguazza, Eric P. "The mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century leather tanning industry in Pennsylvania : a predictive model for the identification and interpretation of tannery related features." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236580.
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The leather tanning industry of the mid-19th to early 20th Century plays an important role in our social and economic evolution. An abundance of information on the industry can be obtained from historical documentation. However, leather tanning is not well represented in the archaeological record. In order to grasp its cultural implications, the historic tanning industry must be studied within an archaeological context. Interpretations derived from the material culture gained from archaeological excavations can augment the known history of the industry. However, given the current lack of archaeological information, it is difficult to anticipate the types of features that are likely to be encountered on tannery sites. This thesis paper will present a synthesis of historical accounts with what we know from past archaeological investigations resulting in predictive model for future tannery excavations. The model will facilitate the recognition and interpretation of tannery related features.<br>Department of Anthropology
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James, Serenhedd. "Archbishop George Errington (1804-1886) and the battle for Catholic identity in nineteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669952.
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Morris, Jacob J. "Relationships between woodworking technology and residential millwork in the nineteenth century : with an appendix on the implications for the evaluation of historic millwork." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348353.
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This document is an examination of the millwork industry in the nineteenth century and its influence upon the residential built environment. This study explores influences and results in relation to the development of millwork in the United States. The first is the technological divergence that developed between the United States and Europe, as America introduced different technologies to exploit the vast amounts of timber accessible to the New World. The second development occurred as the New World slowly developed a taste for the type of elaborate millwork previously associated with wealthy patrons. Low cost of materials and new technologies made more complicated wood finishes available to those of modest means. The third situation reflects the struggle between an elite class of architects and pattern book designers, who advocated restraint in design, and carpenter-builders and their clients, who wanted to display their talent or status through the use of a high level of ornamental millwork.<br>Department of Architecture
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Calkins, Adam T. "Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and Photogrammetrics as a Tool for Archaeological Investigation in 19th Century Historic Archaeology." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282879.
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<p> Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and photogrammetrics are a growing part of the archaeological toolkit. They provide a low cost tool to aid in the collection and analysis of aerial imagery. To test the applications of this technology, I completed a partial survey of Aurora, Nevada. Using a UAS, I collected images for three city blocks during the summer of 2015. Using photogrammetric software, I have analyzed the collected image data by creating orthophotomosaics and 3D models of the site. With these models, I have been able to examine topography, foundations, and house lot locations to explore the relationship between historic building material and the remains currently seen on the ground. This thesis shows the methods employed in the collection of aerial imagery and data processing, and the multitude of ways researchers can analyze this data to evaluate archaeological sites.</p><p>
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Stone, Heather Brenda. "Companionable forms : writers, readers, sociability, and the circulation of literature in manuscript and print in the Romantic period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:63f652fc-c4c2-4c3a-bc5c-893d4b922db1.
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Following recent critical work on writers' representations of sociability in Romantic literature, this thesis examines in detail the textual strategies (such as allusion, acts of address, and the use of 'coterie' symbols or references) which writers used to seek to establish a friendly or sympathetic relationship with a particular reader or readers, or to create and define a sense of community identity between readers. The thesis focuses on specific relationships between pairs and groups of writers (who form one another's first readers), and examines 'sociable' genres like letters, manuscript albums, occasional poetry, and periodical essays in a diverse series of author case-studies (Anna Barbauld, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charles Lamb, John Keats and Leigh Hunt). Such genres, the thesis argues, show how manuscript and print culture could frequently overlap and intersect, meaning that writers confronted the demands of two co-existing audiences - one private and familiar, the other public and unknown - in the same work. Rather than arguing that writers used manuscript culture practices and produced 'coterie' works purely to avoid confronting their anxieties about publishing in the commercial sphere of print culture, the thesis suggests that in producing such 'coterie' works writers engaged with and reflected contemporary philosophical and political concerns about the relationship between the individual and wider communities. In these works, writers engaged with the legacy of eighteenth-century philosophical ideas about the role (and limitations) of the sympathetic imagination in maintaining social communities, and with interpretative theories about the best kind of reader. Furthermore, the thesis argues that reading literary texts in the specific, material context in which they are 'published' to particular readers, either in print, manuscript, or letters, is vital to understanding writer/reader relationships in the Romantic period. This approach reveals how within each publication space, individual texts could be placed (either by their writers, by editors, or by other readers) in meaningful relationships with other texts, absorbing or appropriating them into new interpretative contexts.
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Ross, John Stuart. "Time for favour : Scottish missions to the Jews, 1838-1852." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683369.
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DeYoung, Ursula. "The invention of the scientist : John Tyndall and the fight for scientific authority, 1850-1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670013.
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Bruneau, Quentin. "Knowing sovereigns : forms of knowledge and the changing practice of sovereign lending." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:127b0026-030f-417d-9cb8-f871936d6227.
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This thesis examines how sovereign lending, i.e. the practice of lending capital to sovereigns, has changed since the early nineteenth century. It tackles this question by investigating how lenders have thought about sovereigns for the past two centuries, focusing on the tools they have used to know and represent them. I argue that there was a critical shift in the early twentieth century in terms of the kinds of knowledge lenders deployed to know sovereigns. This shift differentiates the old sovereign lending from the new. In the old sovereign lending, merchant banking families such as the Rothschilds knew sovereigns through intensely personal relations based on gentility, whereas in the new sovereign lending, joint stock banks, credit rating agencies and international institutions largely came to know sovereigns through statistics. Though difficult to imagine nowadays, the description of sovereigns through quantifiable facts (the original definition of 'statistics') was revolutionary for early twentieth century lenders. Despite constituting the origins of sovereign credit ratings, this key shift has been overlooked in all major studies about sovereign debt. The new sovereign lending rose to prominence from the interwar period to the 1970s and now defines our world. The identification of this crucial shift is based on the development and application of the concept of forms of knowledge. Forms of knowledge refer to enduring ways of knowing and representing the constituent units of the international system used by international practitioners (e.g. diplomats, military strategists, financiers, and international lawyers). Examples of forms of knowledge include, but are not limited to, modern cartography, international treaties, statistics, gentility, and heraldry. The use of this concept is that it leads to a better understanding of how international practitioners and their practices undergo radical changes. In so doing, it provides a firmer empirical grasp on the question of how fundamental discontinuities arise in international relations.
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Forbes, Véronique. "Evaluation of archaeoentomology for reconstructing rural life-ways and the process of modernisation in 19th and early 20th century Iceland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=194787.
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This thesis addresses the potential of archaeoentomology for reconstructing rural life-ways and the processes of modernisation and the implementation of ‘improvement’ ideas in 19th- and early 20th-century Iceland. Previous archaeoentomological research employed insect remains to reconstruct activity areas, domestic practices and aspects of past living conditions in Icelandic turf farmhouses. However, as there is a lack of comparative modern and ethnoarchaeological data from analogous buildings, the ecological requirements of insect taxa exploiting indoor habitats and the processes by which they may become incorporated in the archaeological record are still poorly understood. To address this lacuna, this thesis presents two studies – a modern analogues study and an ethnoarchaeological one – aimed specifically at testing the potential and limitations of archaeoentomology in the Icelandic context. These studies provide an analytical framework for the reconstruction of life-ways and living conditions on two 19th- and early 20th-century Icelandic sites: Hornbrekka and Vatnsfjörður. These case studies also explore how insect remains may help to improve our understanding of the social and economic changes involved in the modernisation of daily life in rural Iceland. The modern analogues study includes a survey of live and dead insect faunas from farm buildings – animal houses, hay barns and eiderdown workshops – combined with the systematic recording of local environmental and material conditions in the sampling locations. The study refines our understanding of the ecological preferences and tolerances of synanthropic beetles exploiting microhabitats in stable manure and stored hay and identifies duck fleas as potential archaeoentomological indicators of eiderdown processing and storage areas. This dissertation also includes an analysis of insect remains preserved in floor layers in recently abandoned, extant 19th- and 20th-century turf buildings at the farm of Þverá, in Laxárdalur, northeast Iceland, where details regarding the rooms’ functions and cleaning and maintenance practices are known. This study clarifies some of the taphonomic processes involved in the formation of archaeological floors and archaeoentomological assemblages, while also highlighting difficulties related to the identification of resources such as peat, turf and hay using outdoor insects. It also reveals subtle variations between synanthropic communities and ectoparasites recovered from human living quarters, storage areas and animal stalls. Archaeoentomological analyses were applied to the investigation of past activities and living conditions on the 19th- and early 20th-century archaeological sites of Hornbrekka, in northern Iceland, and Vatnsfjörður, in northwest Iceland. Insect remains from Hornbrekka support the previous archaeological interpretations regarding the functions of the excavated rooms and provide new information regarding past activities on the site, including cleaning and floor maintenance practices, participation in trade, and local resource exploitation. At Vatnsfjörður, archaeoentomological assemblages help identify a room’s function as a storage room for animal products, including eiderdown. They also provide supporting evidence for the use of materials from byre and habitation floors as manure in the fields. The archaeoentomological evidence obtained from these 19th- and early 20th-century sites suggest that insect remains have the potential to contribute to a clarification of the processes by which Icelandic rural life-ways came to be modernised.
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Mohammadpourkarbasi, Haniyeh. "The eco-refurbishment of a 19th century terraced house : energy, carbon and cost performance for current and future UK climates." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2011339/.
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Much of the existing UK housing stock has a poor standard of energy performance and the residential sector currently accounts for around 25% of the country’s carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The eco-refurbishment of dwellings is a key action if the UK is to meet national targets for reducing carbon emissions, mitigating global warming and alleviating fuel poverty. Older properties tend to be the hardest to heat and the most difficult to refurbish, and this is particularly true for the UK’s five to six million terraced homes, many of which not only date back to the 19th century, but they represent early examples of mass urban living, hence they have strong cultural and architectural resonances. It is a significant challenge to the building industry, therefore, to sustainably renovate these buildings whilst maintaining their aesthetic character. This research analysed large amounts of monitoring data provided by the government’s ‘Retrofit for the Future’ programme for a 19th century, solid wall end-terraced house in Liverpool, England, in order to determine how the key features of the retrofit design would contribute to the improved energy performances of the refurbished houses. The aim of this renovation was to go beyond current UK thermal building regulations and to achieve the more exacting German Passivhaus standard. Analysing two years of extensive monitoring data revealed that the retrofitted house used 60% less energy and produced 76% fewer CO2 emissions than the estimated figures for a pre-refurbished house. Solar thermal panels provided over 61% of the hot water required in two year of occupancy. During the first year of occupancy the highest indoor air temperature was 26.5°C and indoor CO2 levels exceeded 1000PPM for 340 hours, or 11% of the occupied time. Using probabilistic UK future weather data and the dynamic thermal modelling software, DesignBuilder, the thermal performance of the house was simulated under different climate change probabilities with results indicating that the need to minimise over-heating, together with maintaining acceptable internal temperatures, will become increasingly important factors in retrofit design decision making. Finally, long term energy cost savings and carbon payback times for this case study were evaluated. The results of these calculations showed that the most favourable energy bill savings occurred when gas prices were rising – this gave a payback time of less than forty-three years. A carbon payback time of less than eight years means that there was no need for climate change sensitivity analysis of the model and the measures in the carbon payback time study. In addition, the Cost per Tonne of Carbon Saved (CTS) calculation showed that fabric measures, especially external wall insulation, are the most cost and carbon effective measures in the eco-retrofitted Liverpool terraced house.
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Kim, Yang-Tae. "A holistic mission for the Korean Church : considered against the background of the 19th century western missionary movement in Korea." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683221.
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Regier, James. "Where the two kingdoms merge : the struggle for balance between national and religious identity among Mennonites in Wilhelmine Germany /." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/t033.pdf.
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Bruner, David E. "Symbols for the living synthesis, invention, and resistance in 19th to 20th century mortuary practices from Montgomery and Harris County, Texas /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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England, Peter S. (Peter Shands). "American Literary Pragmatism : Lighting Out for the Territory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278511/.
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Dalgaard, Anne Elisabeth. "For and against "Rome" : the case of Edmund Bishop, 1846-1917." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28722.
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Previous studies of the life and thought of Edmund Bishop (1846-1917), an English liturgiologist and convert to Catholicism, have underplayed the change in his attitude from positive to negative with respect to the institutional Catholic Church. This crucial shift in thinking occurred during 1899-1901, and is clearly reflected in his own writings. From then on, he differentiated between the institution that was the Catholic Church and Catholicism as a religion. Although he remained faithful to the latter, his diaries and letters preserve an intentional record of his severe criticism of the Catholic hierarchy. Bishop's views represent those of a layman and of an informed observer at a time when the Catholic Church was confronting the Modernist challenge.
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Tse, Chun-yip, and 謝雋曄. "Publications for children in late Qing China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434408.
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Traditional publications for Chinese children were based on core value and belief systems in Confucianism. After the First Opium War, foreign missionaries began to disseminate Western knowledge and religious beliefs within the Chinese society on a wider scale, reaching children through the avenue of education. At this time, however, most Chinese intellectuals held fast to their belief in traditional Chinese methods of education which emphasised the Confucian principles.
The loss of the Sino-Japanese War brought a realization within China that its society and education system were relatively backward when compared with those of Western powers. Chinese intellectuals became more aware of the necessity for an entire education reform which should start from the younger generations in an attempt to revitalize China. As a result of this realization, Chinese educators began to adopt the missionaries’ practice of using publications targeted specifically at children. From the mid-19th century onwards, these publications underwent a period of vigorous development in China.
Missionaries and Chinese intellectuals in the late Qing period had thus, between them, helped to prepare the ground for the modernization of China by educating the future generations to employ new ideas and values.
This historical survey aims to investigate the development of Chinese publications for children from the mid-19th to the early 20th centuries, and offering a closer look at childhood education in China during this period. Some basic clarifications on the definition of children and the nature of books for children is given in the Introductory Chapter, and a brief account of the previous works and articles related to the study is also included. The main part of this thesis starts with a critical examination of the changes of the traditional Chinese primers for children education like Three Character Classic (《三字經》) under the influence of western ideas. Then it proceeds to an exploration of the emergence of modernized textbooks in Chapter Three with a critical appraisal of noted writers and publishers such as Wang Hengtong (Wang Hang-T’ong 王亨統) and the Commercial Press (商務印書館). Chapters Four to Seven present case studies of four children’s periodicals representing different parties of interest in the reform of children education, they are respectively the missionary publication The Child’s Paper (Xiaohai yuebao 《小孩月報》), The Children’s Educator (Mengxue bao《蒙學報》) published by the Chinese reformist, Enlightenment Pictorial (Qimeng huabao《啟蒙畫報》) published by enlightened Chinese intellectuals, and The Children’s World (Tongzi shijie 《童子世界》) published by the Chinese revolutionist. Chapter Eight attempts to reveal the nature of leisure readings and the development of children’s literature in late Qing China while the final Chapter provides conclusions and suggestions for further investigation.
By writing this thesis, I am committed to provide readers with a comprehensive and solid historical sketch of the development of children’s publication in a critical period of pre-modern China.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Chinese<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Schuppener, James Gregory. "Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, director of music for the Berlin Court: Influences upon his unaccompanied compositions written for the Berlin "Domchor"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185735.
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This study discusses Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's appointment to the Prussian Court of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV, Mendelssohn's relationship with the Court (both personal and professional) and the numerous difficulties encountered with this appointment. In addition, Mendelssohn's musical responsibilities and personal feelings toward the cities of Leipzig and Berlin, Berlin's choral traditions (including a brief history of the Berlin Domchor) will also be discussed. Mendelssohn's op. 78, op. 79 and Die deutsche Liturgie written for the Berlin Domchor reflect the sometimes competing demands of the traditional liturgical genres (e.g. Masses, psalms, motets), which are more "objective" in nature and the far more "subjective" elements inherent in the Romantic "ideal" of expression. This study deals exclusively with the unaccompanied choral compositions written for the Berlin Domchor with particular emphasis given to op. 78 - Drei Psalmen, and op. 79 - Sechs Spruche.
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Jessen, Julie K. "African-American culture and history : northwestern Indiana, 1850-1940 : a context statement for the Indiana State Historic Preservation Office." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1027112.
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The 1980 amendments to the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act require each State Historic Preservation Office to research and document specific themes important to the history and development of the state. These statements, included in the state's comprehensive preservation plan, aid in the identification and evaluation of historic properties as potential National Register sites.Indiana has developed twelve broad themes to be used in the creation of context statements for the state's seven regions. Area Seven includes Lake, Porter, LaPorte, Pulaski, Starke, Jasper, Newton, Benton and White counties. This context statement provides essential information for defining significant historic properties related to African-American history in northwestern Indiana between 1850 and 1940.<br>Department of Architecture
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Wertz, Julie Hodges. "Turkey red dyeing in late-19th century Glasgow : interpreting the historical process through re-creation and chemical analysis for heritage research and conservation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8183/.
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The dyed cotton textiles called Turkey red are a significant part of Scotland’s cultural heritage and the legacy of its textile manufacturing industry, and were known for their exceptional colour and fastness to light and wash fading. This thesis is a multi-disciplinary investigation of the chemistry of these unique textiles in the context of 19th c. Scotland using historical material re-creations and modern analytical chemistry, situating the dyeing process in a historical context. This research is a significant contribution toward the continued preservation of historical Turkey red textiles. Through a detailed, chemistry-focused examination of Turkey red methods published in English and French between 1785-1911, the key ingredients and steps for the process from a chemical perspective are identified (Chapter 1). The significance, chemistry, and previous research on the role of the oil (Chapter 2) and dye sources used (Chapter 3) are discussed to form the basis of the material re-creations and analysis. The oil is fundamental to and characteristic of the process, which is also noteworthy for being the first to replace a natural dye source (madder or garancine) with a coal-tar derived analogue (synthetic alizarin). Re-creations of dyed Turkey red, Turkey red oil, oiled calico, and synthetic alizarin provide experiential data and reference materials to test analyses prior to application on historical objects (Chapter 4). The analysis of Turkey red oils by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) (Chapter 5) provides information used to characterise, for the first time, how the oil and cotton fibres bond to form the basis of the Turkey red complex. This is studied using conservation-based diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) on replica and 19th c. pieces of Turkey red (Chapter 6). Dyes analysis of these samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (UHPLC-PDA) identifies chromatographic profiles of textiles dyed with natural or synthetic dye based on synthetic chemical markers. The presence of pigments on printed Turkey red is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) (Chapter 7).
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Slayton, Jessica M. "A Par/ergon For Poe: Arthur Rackham And The Fin De Siècle Illustrators." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/866.
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This project began in Dr. Anthony Magistrale’s graduate seminar focused on the works of Edgar Allan Poe. It is the result of our common interests in Poe’s textual canon, and furthermore in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century illustrative works that were inspired by it. After performing significant research, the conclusion was reached that despite the extensive collection of visual works, catalogued by Burton Pollin, little work had been done that actually explored the relationship between these works and the text. I found myself asking what role this canon of illustrations played in shaping the public understanding of and reception towards the Poe tales that are so widely known today.
“A Par/ergon for Poe: Arthur Rackham and the Fin de Siècle Illustrators” is intended as an introduction for further study on the extent of influence that nineteenth- and twentieth- century artists had in promoting and supplementing Poe’s work. Given that the earliest prominent illustrator of the canon, Édouard Manet, began illustrating “The Raven” at the request of Charles Baudelaire, Poe’s first translator and the man who communicated Poe’s work to the world, the fin de siècle illustrations were produced concurrently to Poe’s burgeoning popularity. In the first chapter, I engage in a literary history of the fin de siècle artistic movements and major figures and their exposure to Poe, including Manet, Gustave Dore, and the Symbolists, Aubrey Beardsley, Harry Clarke, and the Decadents, and finally, Arthur Rackham and the Modernists. I track Poe’s influence after his death, exploring the question of why such prominent artists were interested in representing Poe’s work, specifically, in the first place. Subsequently, this thesis also discovers what elements of their work and aesthetics could be seen as representative of Poe’s. Then, using Jacques Derrida’s ekphrastic theory of the parergon/ergon supplementary relationship, I deconstruct the textual “lack” in Poe’s tales as that which sets up an availability to the illustration. Through this “lack,” the supplemental illustration can insert itself and exert its own power, altering the way the text is received based on the style and time of its reception.
My second chapter turns to Poe’s tales and the subsequent illustrations by Rackham. I place particular emphasis on texts and images of “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Fall of the House of Usher,” with supplementary references to “Hop-Frog,” “Ligeia,” “The Domain of Arnheim,” and “Landor’s Cottage.” I use textual analysis and visual case studies to demonstrate the way in which the illustrations fill the “lack” present in their respective texts, and build out precisely where this lack can be seen. I explore the way the images both mimic and change the reader’s relationship with the tales and characters, altering the reader’s response and thus, the overarching canonical interpretation. By doing this, my project demonstrates how strong of an impact Arthur Rackham and the fin de siècle illustrators made on the public perception of and reception to the tales of Edgar Allan Poe.
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Fresquet, Roso Maria. "Estudio sobre el género, las funciones y la calidad literaria del best seller. Los best seller híbridos en España y estudio comparativo con los autores más vendidos en Francia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403875.
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En esta tesis se aborda el corpus poco estudiado de los best seller. Se ofrece una visión panoràmica desde su primer boom en España y se identifica el tipo de obras que venden más que, como veremos, son las de naturaleza híbrida. La selección que realizamos de las obras se da desde el punto de vista del lector, es decir, las obras que estan a su alcance, ya sean de autores nacionales o bien traducciones. Adems, hemos contrastado los resultados del anàlisis con los superventas en Francia en el mismo periodo de tiempo para poder ofrecer a nuestro estudio un término de comparación y que no resten unos resultados aislados, y así poder dar un alcance más amplio a nuestras conclusiones.
La delimitación de género ha respondido a una creación nuestra de un tipo de subgénero dentro del best seller, que sería el que creemos que tiene mas éxito: el best seller híbrido. Y dentro de este best seller híbrido (que concentra distintas características de distintos géneros literarios), aquellos que se basan en los géneros que mas éxito tienen: la novela histórica y la novela negra. Hemos dejado de lado los géneros de nicho, que tienen un tipo de público mas definido, como la novela erótica, la ciencia ficción o la novela juvenil.
El best seller híbrido -una herencia del folletín del siglo diecinueve- es el que tiene ahora éxito junto a las novelas de género. Este best seller híbrido se caracteriza por una pretensión literaria y, de hecho, su hibridismo responde a una unión muy conveniente entre la herencia del folletín -en el que la aventura es el núcleo esencial y se complementa con elementos de todos los géneros populares- y dicha pretensión literaria, que surge cuando la obra no se identifica con ningún género en concreto. Esta pretensión también se alimenta de elementos que hemos ido viendo a lo largo de los anàlisis, elementos que hacen que se eleve en nivel cultural de la lectura, tales como la aportación de información de forma explícita o el retoricismo sensacionalista y superficial, que responde a una voluntad de dignificación de la literatura de consumo.
También tratamos la sociación de best seller con mala calidad literaria. A nivel literario, hemos visto que la calidad literaria no tiene por qué contraponerse con el hecho de vender mucho.
Así mismo, hemos contrastado diferentes formes de enfocar el fenómeno para ofrecer una perspectiva global de éste y hemos ofrecido tres tipus de definicions del fenómeno: econòmica, sociològica y literaria. En cuanto al enfoque literario, que es el nuestro, hemos optado por considerar el best seller como un genero literario en tanto que el lector así lo considera. Lo cual nos lleva al objectivo principal de la tesis, que es reforzar la teoria literaria del best seller como genero, esbozar sus características discursives más representatives y ver qué necesidades lectores están cubriendo, que denominaremos funciones.
Tras el anàlisis del corpus, hemos detectado tres funciones características del genero best-seller: la contemporaneidad, la transversalidad y la conservación. También hemos detectado trss elementos que, a nivel de trama, se articulan para canalitzar estas funciones, como son: el secreto, el abuso o la injustícia y la mujer como nuevo héroe. Estos tres elementos se entrelazan en la trama a través de nexos, que son técnicas de suspense, y que ameniza la aventura: “cliffhangers”, diálogos para que se entienda todo lo expuesto, un narrador omnisciente y, en general, técnicas narratives del XIX.<br>This dissertation addresses a corpus that has not yet been studied in depth. The purpose is to provide an overview of best sellers since their first great impact in Spain and identify the most successful type of works which, as we will later see, are those with a hybrid nature. The works have been selected from the reader's point of view, that is, the works selected are those readers can have access to, whether the authors are national or have been translated. The results of the analysis have been compared to best sellers in France during the same period of time so that they will not be examined in absolute and isolated terms and the conclusions can have a larger scope.
Firstly, for the purposes of this dissertation I have created a new subgenre within best sellers, which serves to identify the most successful works: hybrid best sellers. And then, within hybrid best sellers (books that have the characteristics of different literary genres), those that are based on the most successful genres: historical and crime novels. I have not considered niche genres, such as erotic novels, science fiction or children's and young adults literature, as these have a more specific audience.
Hybrid best sellers and genre novels are currently the most successful books and their origin dates back to 19th century serialised novels. The main characteristic of this type of hybrids is their literary ambition. This hybridism comes from a very convenient combination of the legacy of serialised novels (in which adventure is the main core, together with other elements taken from all popular genres) and literary ambition, which appears when the work is not identified with a specific genre. The literary ambition also feeds from the elements that I have identified in the analysis of these works, which raise the cultural level, such as giving information in an explicit way or superficial and sensationalist rhetoric, which is caused by the will to dignify consumer literature.
Secondly, I have examined the reasons why best sellers are associated with poor literary quality. On a literary basis, I have come to the conclusion that there is no direct relationship between literary quality and high sales.
Thirdly, I have compared different ways of approaching this phenomenon in order to provide both a global perspective and economic, sociological and literary definitions. As to the literary approach, I have considered the best seller as a genre itself, as that is what readers consider them. This leads us to the main purpose of this dissertation, which is to reinforce the literary theory of the best seller as a genre, to outline its most important discourse characteristics, and to find out what reading needs it covers. I shall refer to these needs as functions. After analysing the corpus, I have noticed three elements that work on the plot level to channel these functions: secrets, abuse or injustice, and woman as the new heroine. These three elements intertwine in the plot by means of links that work as suspense techniques and make the adventures more enjoyable: cliff-hangers, dialogues that help readers to understand every bit of the plot, an omniscient narrator and, generally speaking, 19th century narrative techniques.
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Kim, Hyowon. "Adopted colors identity, race, and the passion for other people's nationalism ; George Eliot, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and imagining kinship in 19th century nation-building." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991276604/04.
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Manderson, Kate. "Fabian socialism and the struggle for Independent Labour Representation, 1884-1900." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ43910.pdf.
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Chen, Bin. "Preparing for the challenge ahead : a history of the Canton Register, c. 1827 to 1838." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2594838.
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Servaes, Caroline D. "Critical inquiry on the use and value of 19th and 20th century travel diaries for environmental history reconstructions in general and South Sinai in specific." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50901/.
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The Sinai Peninsula (Egypt), which connects the African and Eurasian continents, has a rich history. However, the environmental history of this arid to hyper-arid area, which has been very isolated even until recent decades, has not been described yet. In absence of (longterm) quantitative measurements for the area, this thesis explores predominantly 19th and 20th century West-European travel writing as a possible source for environmental history reconstruction. Pre-19th-century, South Sinai attracted mainly pilgrims, who visited what is traditionally believed to be the landscape of the Biblical Exodus; a visit to Mount Sinai, where Moses received the Ten Commandments, and the Monastery of St Katherine formed the climax. In the late 18th- and 19th-century, the area saw an enormous increase in systematic travel writing as a result of European political interest in the strategically positioned Peninsula, growing criticism on the reliability of the Bible, and growing mass-tourism. This has resulted in very abundant but little explored travel writing, in which travellers described their daily life in the desert, the daily weather, the places they visited, their geographical imaginations, and their socio-political and economic interactions. The data extracted from these diaries were extremely rich in detail and highly useful for environmental history reconstruction of South Sinai. Furthermore, they may help understand climatic and environmental trends on local as well as global levels. At this point it is not clear to what extent information from travel writing is interesting for environmental reconstructions of other than arid areas, where the environment and inhabitants are less directly depending on the weather for survival.
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Hines, Sara Marie. "'Taste of the world' : a re-evaluation of the publication history and reception context of Andrew Lang's Fairy Book series, 1889-1910." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7792.
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This thesis examines Andrew Lang’s Fairy Book series (1889-1910) as a material and cultural commodity, thereby re-evaluating neglected or overlooked aspects of its significance as a printed collection of fairy tales. First, it defines the publishing context for fairy-tale collections printed in Britain prior to the publication of The Blue Fairy Book in 1889. As such, Chapter One addresses pervasive claims that Lang’s series systematically revived a waning interest in fairy tales. The chapter first offers context for Lang’s series by providing a bibliographic history of the classic fairy tales – most of which are included in The Blue Fairy Book – in English from 1691 to 1889. It then focuses specifically on the decade of the 1880s to examine types of fairy-tale collections that were available in print prior to the series’ first volume and suggests that the fairy tale as a publishing phenomenon was more prominent in the late nineteenth century than has been assumed. Chapter Two seeks to establish how the diverse literary, cultural, and intellectual course of Lang’s career made him particularly suitable to edit a collection of fairy tales. His academic interests in literature as well as his ongoing study of fairy tales influenced his editorial strategies for The Blue Fairy Book, which then provided a model for the remainder of the series. Chapter Three examines the phenomenon of the “literary series” through an exploration of paratextual elements, such as Longmans’ production, branding, and marketing strategies as well as Henry J. Ford’s book illustrations and designs. The seasonal context in which the books were published provides a further framework for situating Lang’s series within the history of publishing fairy tales in Britain. Chapter Four considers the series’ printings and sales numbers, along with themes that are present throughout the published reception of the series. While Longmans capitalizes on Lang’s name in their branding strategies, in the popular press Lang’s name became synonymous with fairy-tale narratives. Furthermore, the series’ immediate reception challenges more recent scholarly positions regarding the very significant group of translators who contributed towards the series. Finally, Chapter Five recognizes the colonial context of the period and positions interest in fairy tales within the wider nineteenth-century phenomenon of collecting objects and narratives from across the Empire. It further demonstrates how narratives of race and colonialism influenced both text and illustration in the Fairy Books. The conclusion consists of a brief overview of Fairy Book editions that have been produced from 1910 to the present. Not only did the series achieve immediate popularity during its initial publication, but it has also remained in print for over a century. Through an exploration of the series as a material, publishing phenomenon, and by attending closely to presentational devices, this thesis re-examines the cultural significance of Lang’s Fairy Books.
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Giragosian, James Gerard. "Wisdom as Sophia: An Analysis of the Sophiologies of Three 19th-20th Century Russian Philosopher-Theologians--Vladimir Solovyov, Pavel Florensky, and Sergius Bulgakov--Implications for Adult Learning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47730.
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This study examined the concept of "wisdom" from the perspective of "sophiology"--a current in late nineteenth and early twentieth century Russian religious philosophy--particularly as it was used in the writings of Vladimir Solovyov, Pavel Florensky, and Sergius Bulgakov. The purpose of the study was to examine how the sophiological perspective as developed in these authors could inform an understanding of "wisdom" in the field of adult learning.
The nature of "wisdom" has been one of the major themes in both Eastern and Western traditions of philosophical and theological thought for thousands of years. In the mid-nineteenth century, however, the epistemological tendency to approach the world exclusively from the standpoint of observation and experiment reduced "wisdom" to nothing more than technical knowledge verified by experience.
The concept/construct of wisdom, however, has been experiencing resurgence in the social sciences, including the field of adult learning. My research did not, however, find an instance in which the sophiological perspective had informed the field's understanding of wisdom. For this reason, the perspective of sophiology and its potential contribution to adult learning offered a unique research opportunity.
In this study, I sought to add another dimension to the already multi-faceted nature of wisdom in the field of adult learning. I also hoped to enhance the value of sophiological thought by demonstrating its application to a field with which it had not been previously associated.
I sought to accomplish these objectives using the method of hermeneutics, an interpretive mode of inquiry with both reproductive and productive aspects. The reproductive aspect established the historical and philosophical context of the three thinkers and discussed how their sophiological texts aided an understanding of their thought as a whole, and vice versa. The productive aspect explored applications of sophiological thought to the field of adult learning. Since I was the "research instrument" for the study, I also introduced the reader to aspects of my own background and experience that prepared me for this interpretive inquiry.<br>Ph. D.