Academic literature on the topic '19th century morality'
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Journal articles on the topic "19th century morality"
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Olasky, Marvin. "Late 19th-Century Texas Sensationalism: Hypocrisy or Biblical Morality?" Journalism History 12, no. 3-4 (1985): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00947679.1985.12066612.
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Zhao, Jialin, and Rainer Feldbacher. "Reflection of Sexual Morality in Literature and Art." Journal of Critical Studies in Language and Literature 1, no. 3 (2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jcsll.v1i3.32.
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Tocqueville, in his book “Democracy in America”, talked about the concept of sexual morality, introduced it into his newpolitical science, and reflected on the situation of social morality before and after the French Revolution with the help of hisinvestigation of American social morality. From the end of the 19th century to late 20th century, the development of sexualmorality in the US and France has undergone different changes. In France before and after the Revolution, sexual ethicsshowed a very different picture, from palace porn culture and pornography before the Revolution to revolutionary moralethics during the revolutionary period and to sexual ethics after the revolution. The US turned from the Puritans' sexualmorality in the early 18th century to the sexual liberation movement in the 19th and 20th centuries. From the historicalexperience of the US and France, we can see three basic forms of sexual morality: the state of greed, the state of politics, andthe state of holy love. The revolutions were not only initiating the construction of democracy, but also changed the definitionof its most basic figure that is the individual. This paper places sexual morality in the three dimensions of reality, politics andreligion. Taking The United States and France as examples, with the help of textual analysis and comparison, thedevelopment course, different forms and contemporary values of sexual morality will be explored.
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Engel, B. A. "Peasant Morality and Pre-Marital Relations in Late 19th Century Russia." Journal of Social History 23, no. 4 (1990): 695–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/23.4.695.
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Rimke, Heidi, and Alan Hunt. "From sinners to degenerates: the medicalization of morality in the 19th century." History of the Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (2002): 59–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695102015001073.
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Young-Sung Choi. "19th-Century Morality Dispute in Context of History of Thought - From Four-Seven Dispute to Morality Dispute." JOURNAL OF KOREAN PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY ll, no. 59 (2018): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35504/kph.2018..59.001.
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Guan, Bei, and Jian Xie. "Morality and Evil in Baudelaire’s The Flowers of Evil." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 4 (2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n4p73.
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Dandyism reflected the social reality and the rebellious spirit of resistance within 19th century Western Europe. As an aesthetic dandy, Baudelaire combined form, spirit and rebellion. He forever sought beauty with passion and sincerity. His work was about a decadent spirit and wild ideas, he displayed to his world the evil flowers of aestheticism, and thus fulfilled the last flash of light of an aesthetic heroism. The article investigates the dandyism of Baudelaire and his aesthetic revolt, and how his works represented rebellion towards the bourgeois authority.
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Gruca, Anna. "Duchowieństwo i stowarzyszenia katolickie wobec bibliotek dla ludu w Galicji na przełomie XIX i XX wieku." Studia o Książce i Informacji (dawniej: Bibliotekoznawstwo) 37 (June 26, 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7729.37.1.
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The clergy, Catholic associations and libraries for the folk in Galicia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuriesIn the last decades of the 19th century libraries for the folk began to be created, founded by various educational societies for example by Catholic communities. In the documents of libraries’ functions and tasks it was emphasized that libraries should spread education consistent with Catholic faith and morality. The clergy were encouraged to set up and run parish libraries. The journals for priests provided advice on the organization of libraries. Appropriate guides were issued, too. In order to facilitate the selection of books appropriate for the assumed educational purposes, annotated catalogs were prepared by priests or various Catholic communities.
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Adjei, Stephen Baffour. "Conceptualising personhood, agency, and morality for African psychology." Theory & Psychology 29, no. 4 (2019): 484–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354319857473.
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One of the functions of psychological science is to develop concepts for thinking about people and their well-being. Since its establishment as a scientific discipline in the late 19th century, psychology has developed concepts that are essentially rooted in the specific spatio-temporal context of Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) countries. There is a growing ontological and epistemological awareness that psychological science and practices from WEIRD cultural spaces cannot be exclusively representative of the African experience. I draw from interpersonal violence research to discuss the concepts of personhood, agency, and morality from an African perspective and highlight their theoretical and practical utility for psychological science. Based on African communalism, I argue that an understanding of personhood, agency, and morality as culturally contextualised and socially intentioned phenomena is foundational to the advancement of heterogeneous practices of knowledge production in diverse contexts.
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Rato, Montira. "Filial Piety and Chastity in Nguyen du’s The Tale of Kieu." MANUSYA 10, no. 4 (2007): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01004005.
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The early 19th century Vietnamese masterpiece, The Tale of Kieu by Nguyen Du, is a story that famously highlights the conflict between the Confucian concepts of filial piety and female chastity, and between personal obligations and personal morality. This paper explores how issues of love and sexual relationships, as portrayed in the Tale of Kieu, influenced the thinking of Vietnamese intellectuals in the early 20th century. Drawing on parallels to Kieu’s plight, it is argued that the Vietnamese, who collaborated with the French, often made sense of their actions in terms of sexual submission and sacrifice as well as being compelled to prostitute themselves for the sake of a higher obligation - in their case to the nation. The portrayal of female sexuality and morality in Nguyen Du’s story continued to be discussed by Vietnamese intellectuals well into the 20th century. This paper charts the course of this debate and the wider discussions relating to sexuality and literature up until the 1945 August Revolution with the aim of showing how closely female chastity, Confucianism, and nationalism, came to be interlinked.
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Salzman, Todd A., and Michael G. Lawler. "Natural Law and Perspectivism: A Case for Plural Definitions of Objective Morality." Irish Theological Quarterly 82, no. 1 (2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021140016674275.
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This essay is about Catholic theological ethics and an explanation of competing answers to questions raised by Catholic ethicists. The core of the essay is a presentation of the cognitional theory of perspectivism as a counter to the concerns of relativism raised by Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI. The essay considers the foundational theory of natural law and contrasts its 19th-century neo-Thomist understanding with Aquinas’s own understanding of natural law as reason. As a concrete illustration of the theories of perspectivism and natural law, the essay considers the question of contraception and its competing Catholic answers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "19th century morality"
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Alkabani, Feras. "Orientalism between text and experience : Richard Burton, T.E. Lawrence and the changing discourse of sexual morality in the Arab East." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51602/.
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This thesis examines certain narratives in Richard Burton's and T.E. Lawrence's encounters with the Arab East. By juxtaposing both Orientalists' accounts of Arab sexuality with the changes that had been taking place in Arabic literary and cultural discourse of the time, I highlight what appears to be a disparity in representation. Nonetheless, I argue that this disparity stems from a perception of ‘difference' that characterises the relationship between East and West. This perception of ‘difference' is further explored in the writings of Arab scholars on European culture since the beginning of the Euro-‐Arab encounter in the nineteenth century. I expose the epistemological bases of this modern encounter and situate it within the political changes that had been shaping the emerging Middle East on the eve of modernity. Burton and Lawrence are also situated within this context. I show how their Orientalist discourse involved a process of conflating ‘text' and ‘experience' while interacting with the Arab East. This conflation is evident in their textual rendition of certain experiential episodes they underwent in the Orient. While both Orientalists' attraction to the Arab East may have been epistemological in origin, I argue that their narratives on Arab homoeroticism have been discursively subjective. In this, they appear to reflect the selectivity with which fin-‐de-‐siècle Arab scholars had been reproducing accounts of their past cultural heritage; albeit paradoxically. When Burton and Lawrence seem to have been heightening manifestations of Arab male-to-male sexuality, their contemporary Arab intellectuals had been engaged in a process of systematic attenuation of the traces of past depictions of homoerotic desire in Arabic literature. Although I focus on analysing texts from both Orientalists, I also draw on contemporary historical events, for they form part of the contextual framework in which my analysis operates.
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Anesti, Maria. "'La femme modèle' from the first communicant to the affectionate mother : a dialogue between painting and moral discourse under the early Third Republic (1870-1900)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7574.
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This PhD dissertation seeks to define the configuration and evolution of French women’s moral identity and social status, through works of art created during the first thirty years of the Third Republic (1870-1900). More specifically, my thesis investigates the artistic perception and visual recording of “traditional” female roles and analyses the socio-historical factors which contributed to the construction of the ideal woman. I focus on the representation of young girls’ education and First Communion and study the portrayal of maternity which was perceived both as a personal role and a republican ideal. Furthermore, I consider the institutions of marriage and family through portraits and scenes of everyday life. The woman’s relations to the Catholic Church within a secular state, as well as the notions of chastity and patriotism, are thoroughly explored. In my dissertation I prioritised nineteenth century texts, where French doctors, demographers and statesmen from different ideological backgrounds give moral guidelines concerning hygiene, breastfeeding and childcare, or analyse phenomena such as the birth rate decline. The writings of these authors who communicated major social anxieties served as an evaluative platform; more specifically, I ventured to see how French painters and illustrators participated to the most important debates of their time. Therefore, the criterion for the choice of images was not artistic excellence, but their engagement with the moral and social issues I decided to consider. Since in my thesis pictures are treated within a socio-historical context, I was challenged to achieve a balance between the visual and theoretical material, making them inter-relate effectively. Finally, my time-frame covers the three first decades of the French Third Republic and observes the succession of different governments. I investigate to what extent certain social attitudes which were developed during this period of thirty years shifted, and try to find out whether these alterations are conveyed in painting.
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Durante, Felipe dos Santos 1985. "Virtude, direito, moralidade e justiça em Schopenhauer." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279160.
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Orientador: Oswaldo Giacoia Junior<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é perscrutar a doutrina do Direito (Rechtslehre) de Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), i.e., elucidar e compreender sua fundamentação, sua formulação (como o filósofo de Frankfurt consegue utilizar e assimilar fontes antitéticas, como Thomas Hobbes e Jean-Jacques Rousseau?), o diálogo estabelecido com a tradição - como Schopenhauer lê essa tradição -, as consequências engendradas por essa doutrina, e sua inserção sistemática na filosofia schopenhaueriana. Esse esforço compreende quatro etapas: (i) exegese dos textos schopenhauerianos em que a doutrina do Direito é formulada; (ii) frequentar os textos que influenciaram a filosofia schopenhaueriana na formulação dessa doutrina para entender o diálogo que ele trava com essa tradição; (iii) buscar nos manuscritos póstumos de Schopenhauer as anotações que serviram como base para formulação de sua doutrina do direito; e (iv) elucidar e compreender a teoria da ação (conhecida também por teoria sobre a liberdade da Vontade), i.e., compreender como Schopenhauer fundamenta os conceitos de imputabilidade (Zurechnungsfähigkeit) e de responsabilidade (Verantwortlichkeit). Espera-se, ao desenvolver as etapas supracitadas, explicitar a relação da doutrina do direito com a moral - tal como pensada por Schopenhauer -, entender o papel específico da teoria da justiça dentro do sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer, e como ela se relaciona com a tradição. Tal percurso permitirá o melhor entendimento da argumentação que constitui a formulação da teoria do direito schopenhaueriana, bem como da sua ética, que é para esse filósofo a parte mais importante da filosofia<br>Abstract: The general objective of this research is to scrutinize the Arthur Schopenhauer's doctrine of the Right (Rechtslehre) (1788 -1860), in order to elucidate and understand its basis, its formulation (how does Schopenhauer use and assimilate antithetical sources such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau?), the established dialogue with the tradition - such as Schopenhauer reads it -, the consequences engendered by this doctrine, and its systematic insertion in Schopenhauer's philosophy. This effort comprises four stages: (i) exegesis of the Schopenhauer's texts in which the doctrine of the right is formulated; (ii) to read the texts that influenced the formulation of Schopenhauer's philosophy in order to understand the dialogue he engages with that tradition; (iii) to search in Schopenhauer's posthumous manuscripts the notes that worked as basis for the formulation of his doctrine of the right; and (iv) to elucidate and understand the freedom of the will theory, which means to understand how Schopenhauer establishes the concepts of accountability (Zurechnungsfähigkeit) and responsibility (Verantwortlichkeit). When developing the foregoing stages, it is expected to bring to light the relationship between the doctrine of the right and the moral as thought by Schopenhauer. Furthermore, to understand the specific role of the theory of justice inside Schopenhauer's philosophical system and how it links with the tradition. Such course will allow better understanding of the steps that led Schopenhauer to develop his theory of the right, as well as his ethics, which is for him, the most important part of philosophy<br>Mestrado<br>Filosofia<br>Mestre em Filosofia
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Rabiller, Carole. "Critique d’art et morale. Une réception critique française et anglaise de la peinture victorienne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL139.
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En déplaçant les problématiques traditionnelles - celles des analyses strictement nationales - cette thèse propose d'explorer, à l'aide d'une perspective comparative, l'importance donnée au critère moral par la critique, française et anglaise, lors de sa réception de la peinture victorienne. Le corpus de ce travail s'appuie sur l'étude successive des œuvres anglaises présentées tant aux expositions universelles parisiennes (1855, 1867, 1878 et 1889) qu'à la Royal Academy et des commentaires critiques publiés dans la presse spécialisée ou non. Cette démarche révèle la dynamique des échanges interculturels entre les deux pays autour de la question morale et met en évidence l'existence d'une réception nationaliste de l'art par la critique. Dès lors, le jugement porté sur une œuvre par un critique dépend de sa culture, de son goût, mais aussi plus largement du contexte social et des principes propres à sa société. À ce titre, le climat de compétition entre la France et l'Angleterre se retrouve dans les articles et ouvrages publiés de chaque coté de la Manche. De puissants débats critiques mettent en lumière les processus d'appropriation et de rejet participant à la définition des deux cultures artistiques. Ils réunissent art et morale en interrogeant l'existence d'un « grand genre » victorien, l'exposition comme un espace permettant à la critique de circonscrire un art national et de se définir elle-même, ainsi que l'influence moraliste de John Ruskin (1819-1901) sur la société et son art. L'hétérogénéité de la profession de critique d'art associée à la plasticité du mot « morale » permet donc à ce travail de proposer une définition de la peinture victorienne et de ses acteurs<br>By shifting the traditional issues - those of strictly national analyses - this thesis proposes to explore, using a comparative perspective, the importance given to the moral criterion by critics, French and English, when receiving Victorian painting. The corpus of this work is based on the successive study of English paintings presented at the “Expositions universelles” in Paris (1855, 1867, 1878 and 1889) as well as at the Royal Academy, and of the critical comments published in the press specialized or not. This approach reveals the dynamics of intercultural exchanges between the two countries around the moral issue and highlights the existence of a nationalist reception of art by critics. Consequently, a critic's judgment of a painting depends on their culture, their taste, but also more broadly on the social context and the principles specific to their society. As such, the competitive climate between France and England is reflected in the articles and books published on both sides of the English Channel. Powerful critical debates highlight the processes of appropriation and rejection that contribute to the definition of the two artistic cultures in relation to each other. They bring art and morality together by questioning the existence of a Victorian “grand genre”, the exhibition as a place for critics to circumscribe a national art and define themselves, as well as John Ruskin's (1819-1901) moralist influence on society and the art it produces. The heterogeneity of the art criticism profession associated with the plasticity of the word “moral” therefore allows this work to propose a definition of Victorian painting and its actors
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Perret, Maxime. "Balzac et le XVIIe siècle : mémoire, création littéraire et discours moraliste dans La Comédie humaine." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030050.
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Cette étude est consacrée aux rapports qui existent entre Balzac et le XVIIe siècle littéraire français. Elle s’articule en trois temps : l’analyse de la sélection mémorielle, reçue et opérée par Balzac, concernant le XVIIe siècle politique et littéraire ; l’exploration détaillée des diverses modalités de présence, des usages et des fonctions assumées par le « Grand Siècle » dans La Comédie humaine ; et l’évaluation de la portée et des conséquences de la pratique, au sein de la fiction narrative en prose, d’un discours de type moraliste. Cette recherche d’une part permet d’interroger à nouveaux frais certains fondements de la poétique balzacienne. D’autre part, les différentes modalités de la réception du XVIIe siècle dans le cycle romanesque construit par Balzac entre 1829 et 1850 mettent en évidence de nouveaux circuits de lecture de La Comédie humaine grâce à l’existence de dispositifs textuels spécifiques en réseau. Enfin, ce travail montre la permanence des problèmes liés au développement du genre romanesque du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Partant, il engage à réviser certains préjugés tenaces de l’histoire littéraire, tant à propos de Balzac qu’à l’égard du « Grand Siècle classique »<br>The present study addresses the multifaceted relationships between Balzac and the French literary 17th century. It consists of three parts: first, an analysis of Balzac’s own memorial selection of 17th-century political and literary events, followed by a detailed exploration of the variety of modes of attendance, practices and functions assumed by the “Grand Siècle” in La Comédie humaine, and finally of an evaluation of the range and consequences of the development of moralist-type thinking within prose narrative fiction. First, this research work allows for a renewed questioning of some foundations of Balzacian poetics. Secondly, the different methods of reception of the 17th century in the novel cycle built by Balzac between 1829 and 1850 highlight new reading circulations of La Comédie humaine by means of specific network-type textual devices. And finally, this study shows the permanence of problems linked with the development of the genre of the novel from the 17th to the 19th century. Hence, it invites to a revision of some deep-rooted prejudice of literary history, as much about Balzac than against the “classical Grand Siècle”
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Mc, Wade Christopher. "Revaluing the transgressive Victorian : a Nietzschean study of power and morality in three late-Victorian texts." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8283.
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M.A. (English)<br>Victorian studies is a field much-studied and, during the century that has passed since the end of Queen Victoria‘s reign, literary criticism on the subject has been extensive. In the main, however, criticism has tended to focus on the protagonists of Victorian novels, whether to argue that their journeys are immoral, or represent a warning against immorality, or to examine their behaviour and so arrive at conclusions regarding identity. Through a close reading of Oscar Wilde‘s The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), Robert Louis Stevenson‘s The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), and Bram Stoker‘s Dracula (1897), and by focussing on the reactions and responses of Victorian society (as the texts represent it) to the novel‘s transgressive characters rather than on those characters themselves (as has been the trend) this dissertation moves away from readings of duality and moral judgment and towards a greater understanding of the intricacies of late-Victorian society itself. In addition, and through this process, this dissertation interrogates the bifurcated and contradictory nature of the Victorian moral structure and destabilizes the binary oppositions of character judgment that were so fundamental in its creation. Furthermore, through a discussion of the historical context of the text‘s chosen for this study, this dissertation challenges the formulation and authenticity of Victorian morality by considering the manner in which power informed the behaviour and decisions of middle-class Victorians at the turn of the century. To this end, I will consider how the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche, especially those pertaining to power and morality, are invaluable in problematizing the binary system of categorization that so dominated the late-Victorian cultural space. Finally, I argue that the texts I have elected to study represent a climate of unrest and dissatisfaction with the Victorian moral climate at the fin de siècle (or turn of the century) and that they are instrumental in our understanding of that moral climate and the subsequent changes to it.
Books on the topic "19th century morality"
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Morality and the mail in nineteenth-century America. University of Illinois Press, 2003.
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Nietzsche's on the genealogy of morality: A critical guide. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Localizing the Moral Sense: Neuroscience and the Search for the Cerebral Seat of Morality. Springer Netherlands, 2009.
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Harvey, Van Austin. The historian and the believer: The morality of historical knowledge and Christian belief. University of Illinois Press, 1996.
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Polajnar, Janez. "Pfuj! To je gerdo!": K zgodovini morale na Slovenskem v dobi meščanstva = Fie! That's ugly : b towards a history of morality in Slovenia in the 19th century. Izdao in založilo Zgodovinsko društvo, 2008.
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Useful knowledge: The Victorians, morality, and the march of intellect. Duke University Press, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "19th century morality"
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"87 Appointment of Arbitrators to Consolidate the Mahdiyya and Enhance Public Morality in Light of “Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong”". У Sharīʿa and the Islamic State in 19th-Century Sudan. BRILL, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004313996_092.
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Campbell, Courtney S. "The Wisdom of Prevention." In Mormonism, Medicine, and Bioethics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538524.003.0004.
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The teaching and communal practice of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has embodied an ethic of prevention to retain good health and minimize the ravages of disease. This chapter provides two primary illustrations of this preventive ethic, the 19th-century revelation known as the “Word of Wisdom” and 20th- and 21st-century advocacy of vaccinations. The Word of Wisdom’s structure of invitation, restriction, permission, and promises is illustrative of a covenantal principle of responsibility for health. The prevention ethic of vaccinations was initially greeted with skepticism by members of the LDS community as a further infiltration of state hostility to religious liberty, but ecclesiastical teaching beginning in the 1970s and continuing through international humanitarian programs of vaccination exhibit a generalized acceptance of the value of vaccines. The new vaccine to prevent the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection, HPV, has raised practical ethical questions for LDS students, parents, and professionals committed to ecclesiastical teachings on sexual morality.
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Evans, John H. "Introduction." In The Human Gene Editing Debate. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519561.003.0001.
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This chapter begins by describing the late 19th-century and early 20th-century eugenics debates from which the contemporary human gene editing debate emerged, and it then brings the debate forward to the contemporary technological possibilities. The chapter introduces the slippery slope, which is the theoretical metaphor for the book. Slippery slopes have the most morally virtuous act at the top and, from the perspective of those at the top, the most reprehensible actions at the bottom. People’s positions tend to slide down the slope. The chapter finishes by discussing how strong barriers can be built on the slope to arrest the slide.
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Bobb, David J. "Frederick Douglass and the Power of Humility." In Humility. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864873.003.0013.
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The life of ex-slave and leading 19th-century abolitionist Frederick Douglass is a study in the relationship between humiliation, humility, and healthy pride. Surrounded by the humiliating degradations of slavery as a young man, Douglass realized that arrogance, or unhealthy pride, is the main force motivating those who enslave other human beings. This realization helped steel him for the intellectual, moral, and physical resistance that was necessary for him to find freedom. As Douglass fought for equality for himself and for others, he came to understand the necessity of healthy pride. The more he nourished a healthy pride in himself, the more he was able to humble himself in service to others. Morally, Douglass showed humility in forgiving his former slave owners. Intellectually, Douglass showed humility in his break with William Lloyd Garrison over the interpretation of the US Constitution. Politically, Douglass’s views counseled national humility, not hubris.
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Kemmerer, Lisa. "Hunting Hype." In Eating Earth. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391844.003.0008.
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When faced with the ecological horrors of animal agriculture, some look to hunting as an escape—as the environmentally friendly way to put meat on the table. This chapter explores the environmental effects of hunting, exposing a handful of myths that help to make this sport appear to be environmentally friendly, animal friendly, socially acceptable—even morally exemplary. As noted, this book is written specifically for those who have a choice as to what they eat. This book is not a criticism of those who truly have few dietary options (for example, due to affordability or lack of availability). . . .For millennia men dreamed of acquiring absolute mastery over nature, of converting the cosmos into one immense hunting ground. . . . . . .—HORKHEIMER AND ADORNO 2 4 8 . . . In the United States, wildlife conservation was established by hunters for hunters because of hunters. In the late 19th century, Theodore Roosevelt complained that commercial hunters had decimated wildlife—that a comparatively small population of “market” hunters profited while the nation was stripped of hunter-target species (S. Fox 123). To address these concerns, he founded the Boone and Crockett Club (BCC) in 1897, with the following mission: “[T] o promote the conservation and management of wildlife, especially big game, and its habitat, to preserve and encourage hunting and to maintain the highest ethical standards of fair chase and sportsmanship in North America” (“About the B & C Club”). “Conservation” is a utilitarian, human-centered term promoting the protection of wildlife and wilderness for human use. Accordingly, the BCC promoted laws protecting “every citizen’s freedom to hunt and fish,” and established wildlife as “owned by the people and managed in trust for the people by government agencies” (“About the B & C Club”). As a result of the BCC, the U.S. government was placed in charge of managing wildlife on behalf of hunters.
Conference papers on the topic "19th century morality"
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Nakane, Ikuko. "Accusation, defence and morality in Japanese trials: A Hybrid Orientation to Criminal Justice." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.16-5.
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The Japanese criminal justice system has gone through transformations in its modern history, adopting the models of European Continental Law systems in the 19th century as part of Japan’s modernisation process, and then the Anglo-American Common Law orientation after WWII. More recently, citizen judges have been introduced to the criminal justice process, a further move towards an adversarial orientation with increased focus on orality and courtroom discourse strategies. Yet, the actual legal process does not necessarily represent the adversarial orientation found in Common Law jurisdictions. While previous research from cultural and socio-historical perspectives has offered valuable insights into the Japanese criminal court procedures, there is hardly any research examining how adversarial (or non-adversarial) orientation is realised through language in Japanese trials. Drawing on an ethnographic study of communication in Japanese trials, this paper discusses a ‘hybrid’ orientation to the legal process realised through courtroom discourse. Based on courtroom observation notes, interaction data, lawyer interviews and other relevant materials collected in Japan, trial participants’ discourse strategies contributing to both adversarial and inquisitorial orientations are identified. In particular, the paper highlights how accusation, defence and morality are performed and interwoven in the trial as a genre. The overall genre structure scaffolds competing narratives, with prosecution and defence counsel utilising a range of discourse strategies for highlighting culpability and mitigating factors. However, the communicative practice at the micro genre level shows an orientation to finding the ‘truth,’ rehabilitation of offenders and maintaining social order. The analysis of courtroom communication, contextualised in the socio-historical development of the Japanese justice system and in the ideologies about courtroom communicative practice, suggests a gap between the practice and official/public discourses of the justice process in Japan. At the same time, the findings raise some questions regarding the powerful role that language plays in different ways in varying approaches to delivery of justice.