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1
Lee, Sai-chong Jack, and 李世莊. "China trade painting: 1750s to 1880s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015442.
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Gill, Laura Fox. "Peripheral vision : the Miltonic in Victorian painting, poetry, and prose, 1825-1901." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72673/.
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This thesis explores the influence of John Milton on the edges of Victorian culture, addressing temporal, geographical, bodily, and sexual thresholds in Victorian poetry, painting, and prose. Where previous studies of Milton's Victorian influence have focused on the poetic legacy of Paradise Lost, this project identifies traces of Miltonic concepts across aesthetic borders, analysing an interdisciplinary cultural sample in order to state anew Milton's significance in the period between British Romanticism and early twentieth-century critical debates about the value of Paradise Lost. The project is divided into four chapters. The first explores apocalyptic images and texts from the 1820s-Mary Shelley's The Last Man (1826) and the paintings of John Martin-in relation to Miltonic aetiology and eschatology. These texts offer a complex re-thinking of the relation between personal loss and universal catastrophe, which draws on and positions itself against prophecy and apocalypse in Paradise Lost. In the second chapter I address conceptual connections that cross boundaries of medium and nationality, identifying the presence of a Miltonic notion of powerful passivity in the writing and marginalia of Herman Melville and the paintings and anecdotal appendages of J. M. W. Turner. In the third chapter I consider Milton's importance for A. C. Swinburne's poetic presentation of peripheral sexualities, identifying in Milton's poetry a pervasive metaphysics of bodily 'melting' or 'cleaving' which is essential to Swinburne's poetic project. The final chapter analyses the presence of the Miltonic in the fiction of Thomas Hardy, whose repeated readings of Milton contributed to both establishing his poetic vocabulary, and prompting a career-long engagement with Miltonic ideas. The thesis refocuses attention on peripheral elements of the work of these writers and artists to re-articulate Milton's importance for the Victorians, whilst bringing together models of influence which show the Victorian Milton to be at once liminal and galvanising.
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Sprague, Abbie Noel. "The craftsman painters of the arts and crafts movement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609045.
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Hoene, Katherine Anne. "Tracing the Romantic impulse in 19th-century landscape painting in the United States, Australia, and Canada." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278748.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify essential characteristics of the first generation of Romantic landscape painters and painting movements in a given English-speaking country which followed the generation of Turner, Constable and Martin in England, and then trace how the second generation of Romantic-realist painters represents a different paradigm. For a paradigmatic construct of the first generation, the focus is on the lives and major works of the American arch-Romantic landscape painter Thomas Cole (1801--1848) and the Australian Romantic landscape painter Conrad Martens (1801--1878). The second generation model features the American Frederic Edwin Church (1826--1900), the Australian William Charles Piguenit (1836--1914), and the British Canadian Lucius Richard O'Brien (1832--1899). Cole and Martens, closer to their predecessors in England, created dynamic paradigm shifts in their new countries. Following them, the second generation of Romantic-realists produced a synthesis of romanticism, scientific naturalism, and nationalistic symbolism.
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Dudley, Ian A. "Edward Goodall's 'Sketches in British Guiana' : art, anthropography and colonialism in 19th century Amazonia." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20121/.
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This thesis examines sketched portraits of Amerindian peoples created by the English artist Edward Goodall during the 1841-1844 Boundary Survey of British Guiana, now Guyana, which was carried out by the German scientific explorer, Robert Schomburgk. The portraits formed part of a larger body of over 250 drawn and watercolour works labelled as Sketches in British Guiana, and carried out by Goodall in his role as official expedition illustrator. These sketches captured a wide range of geographical subjects, from botany, topography and zoology, to hydrography, geology and historical scenes of the expedition itself, in addition to the ethnographic representations upon which this thesis focuses, and which dominate the body in terms of their numbers and interest. The sketches were carried out in relation to the cartographic and geographical mapping and documenting of the Guayana territory and its peoples by Schomburgk as he moved across the disputed border regions between British Guiana and its neighbouring colonial states, Brazil, Venezuela and Surinam. Focusing on the works as a manifestation of the different subjective forces and ideologies at play within this colonial enterprise, I argue the portraits and Sketches more generally, exemplify art’s cooption as a tool of colonial reconnaissance, expansion and domination during the mid-nineteenth century, playing a key role in visualising the geographical colonization that Schomburgk’s Boundary Survey represented, capturing disputed inhabitants and their locales as they were inscribed onto British colonial maps, and substantiating British imperial claims over them. In essence, through Goodall’s work, Schomburgk sought to cultivate and performatively demonstrate knowledge of and control over Amerindians through their representation, which paralleled the way the Guayana landscape was brought into British guardianship, all under the aegis of Christian humanitarianism, scientific advance and national-imperial prestige.
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Anesti, Maria. "'La femme modèle' from the first communicant to the affectionate mother : a dialogue between painting and moral discourse under the early Third Republic (1870-1900)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7574.
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This PhD dissertation seeks to define the configuration and evolution of French women’s moral identity and social status, through works of art created during the first thirty years of the Third Republic (1870-1900). More specifically, my thesis investigates the artistic perception and visual recording of “traditional” female roles and analyses the socio-historical factors which contributed to the construction of the ideal woman. I focus on the representation of young girls’ education and First Communion and study the portrayal of maternity which was perceived both as a personal role and a republican ideal. Furthermore, I consider the institutions of marriage and family through portraits and scenes of everyday life. The woman’s relations to the Catholic Church within a secular state, as well as the notions of chastity and patriotism, are thoroughly explored. In my dissertation I prioritised nineteenth century texts, where French doctors, demographers and statesmen from different ideological backgrounds give moral guidelines concerning hygiene, breastfeeding and childcare, or analyse phenomena such as the birth rate decline. The writings of these authors who communicated major social anxieties served as an evaluative platform; more specifically, I ventured to see how French painters and illustrators participated to the most important debates of their time. Therefore, the criterion for the choice of images was not artistic excellence, but their engagement with the moral and social issues I decided to consider. Since in my thesis pictures are treated within a socio-historical context, I was challenged to achieve a balance between the visual and theoretical material, making them inter-relate effectively. Finally, my time-frame covers the three first decades of the French Third Republic and observes the succession of different governments. I investigate to what extent certain social attitudes which were developed during this period of thirty years shifted, and try to find out whether these alterations are conveyed in painting.
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Pasco, Hélène. "When 19th century painters prepared organic-inorganic hybrid gels : physico-chemical study of « gumtions »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS296.pdf.
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Les médiums étaient utilisés par les peintres afin de modifier la texture et le séchage de leur peinture. Au 19ème siècle, des artistes britanniques ont développé un médium composé d’huile siccative, de résine mastic et d’acétate de plomb trihydraté : le « gumtion ». Ce matériau de type gel surpasse les additifs alors existants. Dans cette thèse, nous contribuons à la compréhension des processus chimiques impliqués dans la formation et le vieillissement des gumtions. Dans un premier temps, nous avons centré l’étude sur la résine mastic, car il s’agit d’un élément clé dans la préparation des gels. La fraction triterpénique de la résine a été identifiée et quantifiée par GC/MS. De plus, nous avons étudié par ellipsométrie les propriétés optiques de vernis sous forme de films minces, ainsi que leur comportement (gonflement) sous différentes atmosphères. Puis, en reproduisant des recettes historiques et afin d’approfondir la compréhension des interactions chimiques entre les composants du gel, nous avons développé des formulations simplifiées à base d’acide oléanolique (triterpène commercial) et d’un composé de plomb (acétate ou oxyde). L’utilisation de techniques d’analyses complémentaires aux échelles moléculaire (IR, MAS-RMN) et supramoléculaire (cryo-TEM, SAXS) indique dans un premier temps la formation d’un complexe de coordination entre le plomb et les fonctions acides des triterpénoïdes, qui s’arrangent en objets 2D expliquant le comportement viscoélastique du matériau. Après plusieurs mois de vieillissement, nous avons observé l’auto-organisation de nanoparticules cristallines en en lamelles, témoignant du caractère dynamique de ce matériau même avec gélificationMediums were used by painters in order to modify the texture and drying properties of their paint. During the 19th century, British artists developed a particular medium made of siccative oil, mastic resin and lead acetate trihydrate. The so-called “gumtions” form gel-like materials in a relatively short time, outperforming the existing paint media. This thesis contributes unveiling the chemical processes involved in the formation and ageing of gumtions. As a first step, we focused on mastic resin since it is a key component for the preparation of gumtion. The triterpenic fraction of the resin was identified and quantified using GC and GC/MS. Moreover, we took advantage of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry so as to study the optical properties of varnish thin films as well as their behaviour (swelling) under various atmospheres. Then, we reproduced historical recipes that helped us afterwards to define simplified formulations to deepen the understanding of the chemical interactions between the gel components, made of oleanolic acid (commercial triterpenoid) and a lead compound (acetate or oxide). They were investigated at dierent scales by spectroscopic (FTIR, MASNMR) and supramolecular analyses (Cryo-TEM, SAXS). The use of these complementary techniques gives an overview of the gel’s structure and formation: rapidly, a coordination complex is formed between lead and the carboxylic acid moieties of the triterpenoids, that organizeinto2Dobjectsleadingtothesolid-likebehaviorofthematerial. After few months ageing, we observed the self-assembly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation.bly of crystalline nanoparticles into lamellar structures, witnessing the dynamic occurring in the material even after gelation
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Filippa, Kenne. "The object biography of Breakfast-Piece by Nicolaes Gillis : The reception of Netherlandish art in Sweden during the 19th century." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182722.
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Wilsey, Shannon K. "Interpretations of Medievalism in the 19th Century: Keats, Tennyson and the Pre-Raphaelites." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/20.
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This thesis describes how different 19th century poets and artists depicted elements of the medieval in their artwork as a means to contradict the rapid progress and metropolitan build-up of the Industrial Revolution. The poets discussed are John Keats and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; the painters include William Holman Hunt and John William Waterhouse. Examples of the poems and corresponding Pre-Raphaelite depictions include The Eve of Saint Agnes, La Belle Dame Sans Merci and The Lady of Shalott.
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Kwok, Yin-ning, and 郭燕寧. "Concepts of realism and the reception of John Constable's landscape paintings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39707301.
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Akard, Carrie Meitzner. "Southern Genre Painting and Illustration from 1830 to 1890." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277611/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to give a concise view of stylistic, iconographical, and iconological trends in Southern genre paintings and illustrations between 1830 and 1890 by native Southern artists and artists who lived at least ten years in the South. Exploration of artworks was accomplished by compiling as many artworks as possible per decade, separating each decade by dominant trends in subject matter, and researching to determine political and/or social implications associated with and affecting each image. Historical documents and the findings of other scholars revealed that many artworks carried political overtones reflecting the dominant thought of the white ruling class during the period while the significance and interpretation of other artworks was achieved by studying dominant personal beliefs and social practices.
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Aranha, Roberta Heinemann de Souza. "Os arcanos maiores do Tarô e a pintura Simbolista do Séc. XIX = um visão interpretativa da correlação arquétipica." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284920.
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Orientador: Elisabeth Bauch ZimmermannDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campionas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Este trabalho relaciona as imagens dos Arcanos Maiores do Tarô com o contexto imagético das Artes Visuais, em especial, evidencia a correlação entre a pintura da escola Simbolista e o Tarô. Também procura desvelar alguns aspectos arquetípicos encontrados através do diálogo simbólico entre essas duas manifestações criativas e artísticas, o que propicia um olhar subjetivo das transformações históricas do final do Século XIX
Abstract: This study relates the images of the Major Arcana of the Tarot imagery with the context of the Visual Arts, in particular, shows the correlation between the Symbolist school of painting and the Tarot. It also seeks to reveal some archetypal aspects found through symbolic dialogue between these two creative and artistic expressions, which provides a subjective look of the historic transformations of the late nineteenth century
Mestrado
Artes Visuais
Mestre em Artes
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Day, Marisa. "Conrad Wise Chapman and the Mexican Landscape." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/228.
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This thesis focuses on several paintings of the Mexican landscape produced by Conrad Wise Chapman (1842 – 1910) and held by the Valentine Richmond History Center in Richmond, Virginia. Chapman lived in Mexico from 1865 to 1867 and from 1883 to 1908 (with a few short absences), and during this period, produced a large number of landscapes, which are the subject of this thesis and will be considered as an amalgamation of both nineteenth-century Mexican landscape painting and traveler-art. It is the purpose of this study to demonstrate that Chapman’s artistic style embodies both classical components of landscape painting and characteristics commonly associated with traveler-art. This investigation of Chapman’s Mexican oeuvre provides significant insight into a period of the artist’s career that has long been neglected, and it examines several works of art not yet considered by scholars.
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Balic, Iva. "Always Painting the Future: Utopian Desire and the Women's Movement in Selected Works by United States Female Writers at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11060/.
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This study explores six utopias by female authors written at the turn of the twentieth century: Mary Bradley Lane's Mizora (1881), Alice Ilgenfritz Jones and Ella Merchant's Unveiling Parallel (1893), Eloise O. Richberg's Reinstern (1900), Lena J. Fry's Other Worlds (1905), Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland (1915), and Martha Bensley Bruère's Mildred Carver, USA (1919). While the right to vote had become the central, most important point of the movement, women were concerned with many other issues affecting their lives. Positioned within the context of the late nineteenth century women's rights movement, this study examines these "sideline" concerns of the movement such as home and gender-determined spheres, motherhood, work, marriage, independence, and self-sufficiency and relates them to the transforming character of female identity at the time. The study focuses primarily on analyzing the expression of female historical desire through utopian genre and on explicating the contradictory nature of utopian production.
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Mulley, Elizabeth. "Women and children in context : Laura Muntz and representation of maternity." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36781.
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This thesis is concerned with several aspects of the life and work of the Canadian painter Laura Muntz (1860--1930). It examines in particular Muntz's images of women and children both within the cultural themes and ideologies of the period and from the perspective of contemporary twentieth-century theories of gender. The introduction and literature review outline the broad issues surrounding the artist in her time and present a summary of her critical fortunes in Canadian art historical literature. Chapter one provides a discussion of Muntz's life and artistic production between 1860 and 1898, the year in which she returned to Toronto after a decade of study and work in Europe. The following two chapters are conceived as case studies of single paintings, observed in the context of various discourses that surround them. Chapter two analyses Muntz's Madonna and Child in terms of hereditarian theories, eugenics, maternal feminism and the Canadian social purity movement and considers the broader, psychological implications of gender, specifically in the fin-de-siecle associations of femininity and death. Chapter three examines the imagery in Muntz's Protection with reference to North American Symbolist painters and their relationship to the constructs of the feminine ideal. As a whole, the thesis elucidates the complex layers of meaning that Muntz's images of women and children contributed to the popular conceptions of femininity and motherhood current in her time.
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Hoffman-Stonebraker, Jennifer C. "The history and use of stained glass windows in ecclesiastical buildings in Indianapolis, Indiana, 1865-1915." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1214382.
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This thesis examines stained glass windows in Indianapolis churches built between 1865 and 1915. It studies the trends in Indianapolis stained glass windows and compares them with the national trends in stained glass design. The evidence contained within this thesis indicates that a wide variety of styles popular at the time are represented in Indianapolis churches. The evidence also suggests that some national trends in stained glass did influence the design of the windows in Indianapolis. However, most of the windows in the surviving Indianapolis churches from the period are not typical of the high style trends in church stained glass found elsewhere in the United States.Department of Architecture
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Banks, Bryan John. "The metamorphosis of painting : an examination of the changes in the use of oil paint in the 19th century and its replacement in the 20th century by non-art materials and three-dimensional objects." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433773.
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Oliveira, Helder Manuel da Silva de. "Olhar o mar : um estudo sobre as obras 'Marinha com Barco' (1895) e Paisagem com Rio e Barco ao Seco em São Paulo "Ponte Grande" (1895) de Giovanni Castagneto." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281530.
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Orientador: Luciano MigliaccioDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A origem deste estudo são as obras Marinha com barco (1895) e Paisagem com rio e barco ao seco em São Paulo 'Ponte Grande¿ (1895) de autoria de Giovanni Castagneto. Este se inicia com um breve histórico da pintura de marinha correlacionando a produção européia e brasileira. Em seguida, analisamos a produção do artista sob a prática da pintura de série, pois é possível identificar nas obras do pintor uma freqüente repetição de motivos. A partir disto avaliamos a série 'barcos ao seco¿ realizada pelo pintor ao longo de sua carreira e na qual incluímos as obras acima. Por fim, tratamos do período em que o artista expôs em São Paulo e as relações estabelecidas no ambiente cultural paulista. O trajeto foi necessário tanto para uma compreensão da produção paulista e de sua importância no meio artístico da cidade de São Paulo, bem como perceber o lócus do pintor no panorama da pintura de paisagem marinha e no meio artístico brasileiro do século XIX
Abstract: Giovanni Castagneto's Marinha com barco (1895) and Paisagem com rio e barco ao seco em São Paulo 'Ponte Grande' (1895) are the origin of this present study which begins with a brief story of seascape co-relating both the European and Brazilian productions. The following step consists on the analysis of the artist's production under the practice of his serial paintings due to the possibility of identification of a frequent repetition of motives in the painter's works. From this point, we evaluate the series 'barcos ao seco' released by the painter throughout his career and which includes the paintings mentioned previously. Finally, we focus on the period in which the artist exhibited in São Paulo and the relationship established in the cultural environment of the city. This course was necessary for a deeper comprehension of the painter's production in São Paulo as well as his importance in the forming cultural class. Therefore we intend, throughout the chosen paintings, to notice the importance of Castagneto in the both sea and landscape production context and in the Brazilian artistic class
Mestrado
Historia da Arte
Mestre em História da Arte
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Garboggini, Flavia de Almeida Fabio. "Um album imaginario = Insley Pacheco." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/283992.
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Orientador: Iara Lis Franco SchiavinattoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um levantamento da produção do fotógrafo e pintor, Joaquim Insley Pacheco, que atuou no Rio de Janeiro entre 1855 e 1912, sendo um dos responsáveis pela elaboração e divulgação da imagem fotográfica de D. Pedro II. Através das obras de Insley Pacheco, é possível estudar a construção da auto-imagem de um cidadão moderno na corte brasileira, neste período. A dissertação percorre das imagens - fotografias e pinturas - aos anúncios e escritos que fazem referência a Insley Pacheco. Para apresentar as imagens coletadas e levantadas durante a pesquisa, optou-se pela organização de um álbum, no qual diversas categorias de imagens realizadas por este autor, são reunidas
Abstract: This work presents a research on Joaquim Insley Pacheco's work in photography and painting. He was active between 1855 and 1912 in Rio de Janeiro and is responsible for the documentation and distribution of the photographic image of the emperor D Pedro II. Through the works of Insley Pacheco, we can study the development of the self-image of a modern citizen in the Brazilian court. The essay analyzis goes from the images - photographs and paintings - to writings and advertisings that make reference to Insley Pacheco. The presentation of the images found and collected during the research is done in a separate album, organized so that the several categories of images made by this author are grouped
Mestrado
Mestre em Multimeios
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Carlisle, Tara McDermott. "Adélaide Labille-Guiard and Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun: Portraitists in the Age of the French Revolution." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332771/.
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This thesis examines the portraiture of Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun and Adélaide Labille-Guiard within the context of their time. Analysis of specific portraits in American collections is provided, along with an examination of their careers: early education, Academic Royale membership, Salon exhibitions, and the French Revolution. Discussion includes the artists' opposing stylistic heritages, as well as the influences of their patronage, the French art academy and art criticism. This study finds that Salon critics compared their paintings, but not with the intention of creating a bitter personal and professional rivalry between them as presumed by some twentieth-century art historians. This thesis concludes those critics simply addressed their opposing artistic styles and that no such rivalry existed.
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Paes, Luciana Lourenço 1984. "As representações de A morte de Ofélia na obra de Eugène Delacroix." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279594.
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Orientador: Cláudia Valladão de MattosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as representações da morte de Ofélia na obra do pintor francês Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863), pensando sua relação com a tradição visual ligada à representação de Vênus e do suicídio feminino, com outras obras do artista e de seus contemporâneos, com a noção de "teatral" em pintura e com o contexto da pesquisa psiquiátrica na França na primeira metade do séc. XIX
Abstract: The present paper intends to analyze the representations of Ophelia¿s death in the production of the French painter Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863), reflecting on its relationship with the visual tradition of Venus and the feminine suicide, with other works by the artist and his contemporaries, with the notion of "theatrical" in painting and with the context of psychiatric research in the first half of nineteenth-century France
Mestrado
Historia da Arte
Mestra em História
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Dluzak, Catherine M. "An investigation into the influence of the Tiffany Studios in the ecclesiastical stained glass windows commissioned in Indianapolis, Indiana between 1880-1930." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1118169.
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This thesis investigates the influence of the Tiffany Studios in ecclesiastical stained glass windows of Indianapolis, Indiana. The Tiffany Studios was a leading stained glass manufacturer at the turn of the century and popularized the use of opalescent glass in stained glass commissions. The following study will briefly look at the history of stained glass, discuss the life of Louis Comfort Tiffany, characterize the work of the Tiffany Studios, and evaluate the ecclesiastical stained glass windows located in Center Township commissioned between 1880-1930. The evidence contained within the stained glass summaries suggests that Tiffany Studios did influence the commission of stained glass windows in Indianapolis during the period under review.Department of Architecture
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Renard, Margot. "Les images du récit national : illustrer l'Histoire de France entre 1814 et 1848." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH033.
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Henri IV et son panache blanc, Jeanne d’Arc en armure, Vercingétorix vaincu amené devant César… ces représentations liées à l’histoire de France nous sont aujourd’hui familières. Pourtant leur origine est ancienne : elles apparaissent dès la première moitié du XIXe siècle dans les arts visuels et dans l’historiographie, lorsqu’émerge la vogue de l’histoire, et spécialement de l’histoire nationale. Le médium de l’illustration, alors en plein essor, devient un agent efficace de la création et de la diffusion de représentations liées à l’histoire de France. En effet, les éditeurs en quête de formules éditoriales plus séduisantes commencent à intégrer des illustrations dans les ouvrages historiques savants, lorsqu’une telle association semblait auparavant délicate. Cette thèse se propose donc d’étudier les illustrations produites pour les ouvrages historiques parus entre 1814 et 1848. Les ouvrages historiques illustrés s’adressent à un lectorat de plus en plus large, que nous distinguons en termes de classes sociales (populaire, bourgeois) et d’âges (adultes, enfants). Les discours comme les illustrations tentent donc de s’adapter aux attentes et aux dispositions de ces divers lectorats, ce que nous étudierons dans le premier chapitre. Une part de la vogue pour les ouvrages historiques illustrés vient de ce qu’ils font écho aux préoccupations contemporaines : la question de la fondation de la France en tant que nation, en particulier, soulève de vastes débats. Notre deuxième chapitre examinera donc l’illustration de l’historiographie des périodes considérées comme fondatrices, le haut Moyen-Age et la Révolution française. Enfin, si l’historiographie illustrée de cette période apparaît très francocentrée, certains ouvrages viennent éveiller l’intérêt des lecteurs pour une histoire aux échelles « micro » ou macro », intéressée par l’histoire régionale et par l’histoire transnationale (troisième chapitre). Au fil du temps et des publications illustrées émergent donc des schémas iconographiques récurrents, contribuant à enraciner un récit historique iconotextuel, hybride de texte et d’images, dans l’imaginaire nationalWhich images pop into the minds of Frenchmen when they recall their national history? Henry IV and his white panache, Joan of Arc in her armor, or Vercingétorix and his long hair. Where do these representations come from? How did they develop and with which narrative? This dissertation aims at studying the origins of these images : the spreading of the illustrated historical narrative in France from 1814 to 1848. Indeed, in these years, a true economy of the illustrated history book emerged. These illustrated narratives – these iconotexts – progressively clarified and strengthened a national history in image on which French identity was leaning on. The illustration of history developed interacting with other historical-focused media: theater, panorama, and especially history painting, standing as a model from which to set apart in order to find its own language. Over the course of time and publications, iconotextual patterns established themselves. Therefore, the illustration of history, spread through a larger and larger audience, contributed to the rooting of a national historical narrative into the collective psyche
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Guisset, Jacqueline. "Les travaux des peintres de la Société de l'art monumental: leurs antécédents et leurs prolongements." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212513.
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Favry, Amélie. "Affirmation du sentiment national belge au travers de la représentation du paysage, 1780-1850." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211052.
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Entre 1780 et 1850, les Belges développent une image symbolique de leur environnement physique. Cette image, conjuguée à une action de transformation du terrain, participe à la structuration de l’environnement belge en un territoire national. Elle témoigne d’une grande stabilité durant l’époque considérée. Dans cette optique symbolique, l’environnement belge incarne les caractères de la communauté nationale, il exprime non seulement le long passé partagé par le sol et les hommes, les interactions séculaires qui les lient, mais aussi les aspirations nourries par les Belges à l’égard de l’avenir.Les premières images mentales du territoire national développées dans le chef des Belges consistent en lieux génériques (les expressions en italiques sont empruntées à Bernard Debarbieux). Définis par le discours, ces lieux génériques sont des environnements physiques dont la physionomie résulte des donnés naturels et de leur transformation par l’homme. La physionomie de ces lieux est donc dominée par l’agriculture, l’industrie et l’habitat humain. Ces configurations génériques ne recouvrent en réalité qu’une partie du territoire national. Leur élection en tant que résumé idéal du territoire belge, reflète les aspirations de la communauté.
La qualité esthétique paysagère des lieux génériques du territoire belge n’apparaît pas cependant avec évidence aux contemporains. Un écart sépare le discours et la représentation picturale. Si le premier reconnaît souvent une qualité esthétique aux lieux génériques, qui deviennent alors des paysages, la représentation iconographique se montre plus réticente à leur égard.
Les Belges de l’époque développent une seconde facette symbolique de leur territoire. Ils soulignent l’omniprésence des souvenirs historiques nationaux dans leur environnement. La Belgique leur apparaît telle un ensemble de lieux de condensation. Le discours contemporain et les œuvres des peintres, lithographes ou graveurs, témoignant d’une cohésion remarquable, illustrent abondamment les lieux de condensation belges.
Les Belges cherchent à diffuser ces images mentales parmi leurs compatriotes. Ce projet collectif répond à une volonté de faire connaître et adopter ces paysages symboliques par l’ensemble des membres de la nation. Cette connaissance passe pour le socle sur lequel peuvent se développer les sentiments d’attachement à la patrie et d’identification à la nation. Le discours et l’image sont mobilisés à cette fin.
Ces préoccupations interviennent dans le travail des peintres de paysages. Toutefois, le choix d’un site par un paysagiste belge représentant l’environnement national, est d’abord guidé par des critères internes à la pratique picturale. Ses critères de choix rencontrent en effet ceux qu’émet le discours de l’époque définissant les normes de qualité esthétique d’un tableau. L’artiste tend en outre à satisfaire les attentes du public, lequel cherche à combler son envie d’évasion hors de la cité, mais aussi à se rassurer quant à l’harmonie et à la viabilité de la société contemporaine. Les peintres (et donc leur public) manifestent pourtant une faveur particulière envers les sites belges. Ce goût dénote une identification et un attachement au pays habité par la nation historique, telle que la décrit le discours contemporain. Même s’il vient après la satisfaction des critères esthétiques, le critère de l’identification à un site belge intervient de façon notable dans l’attrait exercé par un paysage peint.
Il apparaît ainsi que les lieux génériques (agricoles et industriels) passent difficilement le premier crible, esthétique, tandis que les lieux de condensation satisfont tant les attentes esthétiques que les attentes symboliques – qualité qui assure leur succès en tant que motifs picturaux.
Les paysagistes élaborent en outre une image paysagère générique de la Belgique qui est une adaptation, conforme aux critères d’appréciation en vigueur dans le champ de la représentation picturale, du paysage générique agricole et industriel défini par le discours contemporain. Leurs œuvres dépeignent en effet la Belgique comme un territoire réalisant les canons pittoresques, comme un environnement verdoyant, boisé, vallonné, peuplé, traversé de rivières, semé d’habitations, de moulins ou autres fabriques anciennes. Dans les années 1840, les paysagistes développent également une nouvelle facette dans ce paysage générique pictural, en représentant les étendues arides, stériles et très peu peuplées, présentes sur le territoire. Cette apparition inaugure une période nouvelle, durant laquelle l’image picturale de la Belgique se dédouble, embrassant, d’une part, les sites prisés durant les premières décennies du siècle et, de l’autre, les plaines de bruyères désertes peu à peu investies d’une valeur identitaire et élevées au rang de configuration générique nationale.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Gervais, de Lafond Delphine. "Shakespeare et les peintres français au XIXè siècle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3105.
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Shakespeare est partout en ce XIXe siècle. Il inspire la littérature, la musique, les arts plastiques. Il est dans l'accomplissement d'un nouveau théâtre et dans le rêve d'une génération d'artistes qui se jette à corps perdu dans un nouvel idéal. Que cherchent-ils alors dans l'infamie des sorcières, les procrastinations d'un jeune prince, le désarroi d'un vieux roi, l'interdit de l'amour ? Ils s'en vont rêver à d'autres univers, peuplés de créatures fantastiques, d'hommes au cœur vrai et de folles passions. Et dans ce début de siècle comme le dit Stendhal au détour d'une pensée dédiée au dramaturge anglais : « il faut sentir et non savoir ! ». L'objectif de la présente étude est de poser les bases d'une réflexion approfondie sur l'inspiration shakespearienne française en peinture au XIXe siècle. Nous nous sommes attachés à en déterminer les causes et en identifier les manifestations, mais aussi à l'englober dans une histoire plus générale de l'art à travers la remise en question d'un genre pictural menacé, la peinture d'histoire. C'est pourquoi notre travail s'articule autour de cinq grandes parties afin d'offrir un examen complet et synthétique du sujet. La première partie a pour but d'initier le lecteur à cette inspiration littéraire. Les trois parties suivantes sont consacrées à l'étude approfondie des différentes sources d'inspiration des peintres (textuelles, visuelles et iconographiques). Enfin, après la mise en place contextuelle, l'exploration iconographique et iconologique de notre sujet, notre dernière partie tend à analyser le rôle qu'a joué en France l'inspiration shakespearienne en peinture à travers plusieurs approches : esthétique, critique et idéologiqueThe name of Shakespeare overhangs the 19th century. The English playwright inspires literature, music and fine arts. He is closely associated with theatre renewal and becomes a model for a generation of artists. What are they looking for in the witches' infamy, the procrastination of a young prince, the distress of an old king, forbidden romances? They dream of other universes crowded with fantastic creatures and passionate human beings. In the beginning of this century, as Stendhal pointed out in a note dedicated to The Bard : “We need to feel rather than to know”. The aim of the research herein is to analyse the Shakespearean inspiration on French painting over the 19th century through a discussion which deals with iconographical and aesthetic concerns as well. To be as relevant as possible, we chose to organize our work in five parts in order to offer a global and complete view of the subject. Thus, the first part of our dissertation tends to initiate the reader to the Shakespearean iconography in general, while the following third parts explore the painter's different sources of inspiration (textual, visual and iconographical). Finally, the fifth part is devoted to the examination of the role played by this literary inspiration on French painting through intellectual, critical and ideological approaches
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Costa, Junior Martinho Alves da 1979. "A figura feminina na obra de Théodore Chassériau : reflexões sobre nus, vítimas e o fim de século." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280086.
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Orientador: Jorge Sidney Coli JuniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Partindo do estudo das figuras femininas na obra de Théodore Chassériau (1819-1856), a tese se desenvolveu em três eixos precisos: o nu, as vítimas e uma notória sensibilidade decadentista e simbolista, própria da cultura do fim de século. O trabalho se interessa, sobretudo, pelas ramificações das obras e visa compreender como as imagens de Chassériau mantêm sua presença ou, por outro lado, quais são os limites de determinados aspectos de sua produção. O fator preponderante é a comparação das imagens, demonstrando elementos peculiares em cada uma analisada. Deste modo não se trata de abordagens cronológicas; antes, são temas que se desenvolvem a partir da obra do artista. A produção de Chassériau, que voltou com ímpeto aos holofotes a partir de 2002 (ano da grande retrospectiva de seu trabalho), permanece pouco estudada pelos especialistas. Mesmo o tema das figuras femininas, que em inúmeros artigos aparece claramente, nunca foi sistematizado nem confrontado com os diversos caminhos que a obra do artista pode sugerir
Abstract: From the study of the feminine figures in Théodore Chassériau's (1819-1865) work, the thesis has been developed in three precise ways: the nude, the victims and an evident decadentist and simbolist sensibility, characteristic of the fin-de-siècle culture. Most of all, the study is interested in his works' ramifications and it aims to comprehend how Chassériau's images maintain their presence or, on the other hand, what are the limits of specific aspects of his production. The prevailing factor is the comparison of the images, showing peculiar elements in each one analyzed. Therefore it is not about chronological approaches; rather, those are themes that come forth from the artist's work. Chassériau's production, which returned with impetus to the spotlight since 2002 (year of the great retrospective of his work), remains little studied by the specialists. Even the theme of the female figures, which appears clearly in numerous papers, has never been systematized nor confronted with the several directions that the artist's work may suggest
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Ogonovszky, Judith. "La peinture monumentale d'histoire dans les édifices civils en Belgique (1842-1923): naissance, histoire, caractéristiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212666.
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Cipiniuk, Alberto. "L'origine de l'Académie des Beaux-Arts de Rio de Janeiro." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213110.
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Careta, Marco Aurélio Figueroa 1980. "O Paraíso aos mineiros : proposições acerca de um discurso poético de Manoel da Costa Ataíde." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284625.
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Orientador: Mauricius Martins FarinaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo perscrutar o discurso poético de Manoel da Costa Ataíde presente na sua pintura em perspectiva realizada no forro da nave da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis em Ouro Preto, no provável período compreendido pelos anos de 1801 e 1812. Considerando os questionamentos de ordem epistemológica acerca da investigação crítica de uma obra de arte apresentados pelos Estudos Visuais, a referida obra foi focada como portadora de um discurso de natureza poética realizado por um artista através de uma pintura. Na abordagem da obra e do discurso por ela portado, foi considerada a essencial relação entre arquitetura e pintura inerente ao que de modo geral é chamado de pintura em perspectiva. Também foram considerados dados relativos ao autor da mesma, cuja naturalidade é de Mariana, Minas Gerais, e dados relativos ao contexto no qual ela se deu. Quanto ao contexto, ele foi interpretado a partir daquilo que possuía de imediato e de particular em relação aos contextos com os quais teve importantes relações, sendo que, foi chamado de mineiro tanto se diferenciando quanto se aproximando dos demais contextos do Brasil colonial, contemporâneos ou anteriores a ele, assim como se diferenciando e se aproximando de determinados contextos europeus devidamente destacados e justificados, dentre eles principalmente o português, o italiano e o francês. Dentre os contextos coloniais brasileiros foi importante distinguir o contexto que também se deu em Minas Gerais, e se deu principalmente do começo do século XVIII até a Inconfidência Mineira, do contexto no qual a própria obra se deu, o qual data do início do século XIX. Foram aproximadas a essa obra de Ataíde inúmeras outras obras de diversos artistas, mas, preferencialmente, além das demais obras do próprio artista marianense em questão, obras de artistas realizadas em contextos que possuíram alguma relação com o contexto mineiro e, sempre que possível, obras que puderam ser conhecidas pessoalmente pelo autor deste trabalho. Portanto, foram realizadas algumas viagens para possibilitar o contato pessoal com obras, por vezes, bastante específicas e que são encontradas em diferentes locais do sul do continente europeu. Como resultado deste trabalho foram elaboradas proposições acerca do discurso poético perscrutado, as quais, invariavelmente, revelaram uma grande sinceridade presente em tal discurso e que, ao mesmo tempo, confirmaram a potência genuína das diversas manifestações artísticas que, como um todo, ocorreram em Minas Gerais entre meados do século XVIII e início do século XIX, potência esta em cuja qual a contribuição de Manoel da Costa Ataíde é inestimável
Abstract: This study aimed to peer into the poetic discourse of Manoel da Costa Ataide present on his perspective painting held in the lining of the nave of the Church of St. Francis of Assisi in Ouro Preto, in the probable period comprehended by the years of 1801 and 1812. Considering the questions of epistemological order about the critique investigation of a work of art presented by Visual Studies, the referred work was focused as having a speech of poetic nature performed by an artist through a painting. In the approach of the work and of the discourse ported by it, was considered the essential relationship between architecture and painting inherent in what is generally called perspective painting. Were also considered data relating to the author of the same, whose naturalness is from Mariana, Minas Gerais, and data relating to the context in which it occurred. Regarding the context, it was interpreted from what it had of immediate and of particular in relation to the contexts with which had important relationships, whereas, was called of mineiro both differentiating and approaching of other contexts of colonial Brazil, contemporary or previous of it, as well as differentiating and approaching to certain European contexts properly highlighted and justified, including mainly the Portuguese, the Italian and the French. Among the Brazilian colonial contexts was important to distinguish the context that also took place in Minas Gerais, and took place mainly from the early eighteenth century until the Minas Conspiracy, of the context in which the work itself was given, which dates from the early nineteenth century. Were approached to this work of Ataíde numerous other works of many artists, but, preferably, in addition to other works by himself the artist of Mariana in question, works of artists performed in contexts that possessed some relationship with the mineiro context and, whenever possible, works that could be known by the author of this work. Therefore, there were realized a few trips to allow personal contact with works, sometimes, quite specifics and that are found in different locations of the south of the European continent. As the result of this work were prepared propositions about the poetic speech peered, which ones, invariably, showed a large sincerity present in such speech and which, at the same time, confirmed the genuine potency of the many artistic expressions that, as a whole, occurred in Minas Gerais between the mid-eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, potency that in which the contribution of Manoel da Costa Ataide is invaluable
Mestrado
Artes Visuais
Mestre em Artes Visuais
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FIACCADORI, CHIARA. "FRANCESCO SCARAMUZZA (SISSA, 1803 - PARMA, 1886)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10488.
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Il presente studio si propone di ricostruire, in una dimensione monografica, la figura di Francesco Scaramuzza, personalità artistica prolifica che ha determinato nella prima metà dell’Ottocento il nuovo corso della pittura parmense. Interprete e portatore di un Romanticismo atipico, fu debitore, a suo modo, tanto della lezione dei Nazareni quanto, più tardi, della svolta lombarda verso i temi contemporanei, senza mai trascurare l’amata impronta correggesca. L’artista attraversa tre distinti momenti di committenza, dal governo restaurato di Maria Luigia d’Asburgo, dopo la parentesi napoleonica, all’infelice intervallo borbonico, presto sfociato nell’annessione al regno Sardo di Vittorio Emanuele II. Sotto la sovrana austriaca giunge all’apice della carriera, subendo, però, una battuta d’arresto con i Borbone a causa delle sue note simpatie libertarie. Trova una conferma nel nuovo governo unitario, il quale gli affida il compito di illustrare la Divina Commedia, la sua opera più nota e più riuscita, che segnerà, dopo diciassette anni di strenuo lavoro, il punto di arrivo della sua carriera d’artista.This study aims to reconstruct, in a monographic dimension, the profile of Francesco Scaramuzza, a prolific artist who determined the new course of painting in Parma in the first half of the 19th century. Interpreter and bearer of an atypical Romanticism, in his artistic development he was inspired by the lessons of the Nazarenes as much as by the Lombard interest in contemporary subjects, without neglecting the beloved imprint of Correggio’s style. Throughout his career he went through three different patronages, from the restored regime of Marie Louise of Hapsburg, after the Napoleonic period, to the unhappy Bourbon interlude, ended quickly with the annexation to the reign of Vittorio Emanuele II. Under the Austrian sovereign he reached the peak of his career, suffering, however, a setback under the Bourbon government because of his well-known libertarian sympathies. His value was recognized eventually by the establishment of the united Italy, who entrusted him to illustrate the Divine Comedy, his most famous and successful work, which will mark, after seventeen years of strenuous work, the conclusion of his career as an artist.
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Velescu, Elena. "La représentation des catastrophes naturelles en littérature et peinture dans l’espace culturel franco-allemand entre la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4048.
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Ce travail vise à rendre compte des relations créées entre les événements naturels de forte intensité et dont les conséquences destructrices les ont fait nommer catastrophes naturelles, en partant du fameux tremblement de terre de Lisbonne, en 1755 jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle, avec l’avènement des nouvelles techniques et sciences, ce qui a engendré un nouveau rapport entre l’homme et la Nature. Ce changement de la représentation de la catastrophe en littérature, mais aussi dans la peinture s’appuie sur des mutations culturelles dans le plan religieux, scientifique et esthétique, dont les traces évidentes nous avons essayé d’expliciter dans ce travail. L’enjeu de cette thèse est d’analyser les métamorphoses du discours écrit et visuel de la période mentionnée, et d’attirer l’attention sur le passage entre l’horreur suscitée par un événement catastrophique et la dimension sensorielle et la fascination provoquée par le spectacle des phénomènes naturels. Toutefois, nous avons recherché le symbolisme des motifs attachés aux grands mythes de l’humanité, tels le Déluge, le thème de transgression-punition-rédemption inscrit dans la catastrophe, qui se transforme dans un nouveau concept, un objet d’analyse, de réflexion et de contemplation, qui nous incite à voir différemmentThis research aims to report on the relationships created among natural events of high intensity which can be categorized as natural disasters due to their destructive consequences starting with the famous earthquake of Lisbon in 1755 until the mid-nineteenth century, the advent of new technology and science, which created a new relationship between man and nature. This change in catastrophe representation in literature but also in the painting is based on religious, scientific and aestethetic changes, the key elements that we explored in this work. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the metamorphoses of writing and visual discourse of the above-mentioned period and draw attention to the transition from horror triggered by a catastrophic event to a sensory dimension and fascination caused by the spectacle of natural phenomena. We also examined the symbolism of the motifs attached to the great myths of humanity, such as the Flood, the theme of transgression-punishment-redemption part of the disaster, which generates into a new concept, an object of analysis, reflection and contemplation, which inspires us to see the catastrophic events differently
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Giuliana, Virginie. "Regards sur l'enfant dans la peinture de Joaquin Sorolla et la poésie de Juan Ramon Jiménez." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2028/document.
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La présente thèse propose une approche nouvelle concernant les relations texte/image en peinture et en poésie, à travers les œuvres de Joaquín Sorolla et de Juan Ramón Jiménez, respectivement peintre et poète espagnols du début du XXe siècle, qui mettent en scène les enfants. Le thème de l’enfance et le motif de l’enfant occupent une place centrale dans l’œuvre de deux artistes qui n’étaient pas seulement contemporains, mais entretenaient également d’étroites relations amicales.Quant aux enfants, au début du XXe siècle, ils deviennent de plus en plus fréquemment des modèles de peinture. Apparaît alors un regain d’intérêt pour l’enfance, jusqu’alors instrumentalisée au service des adultes : en effet, il était même fréquent de voir apparaître les enfants représentés comme des adultes en miniature1. Et cette nouvelle focalisation sur l’enfance va de pair avec les traités d’éducation (Émile ou de l’éducation de Rousseau), mais aussi avec le courant naturaliste, qui prétend représenter la vie « dans tous ses modes et à tous ses degrés ». À ce moment-là, voit le jour un « sentiment de l’enfance », expression empruntée à Philippe Ariès dont l’ouvrage L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime fait encore autorité de nos jours dans ce domaine. Les artistes se saisissent ainsi de ce sujet enfantin, et tentent d’en percer les mystères, en étudiant notamment les nouvelles postures. De la famille « ouverte » de l’Ancien Régime, se forme une nouvelle conception familiale nucléaire, autour de l’enfant. Les enfants, à cette époque, sont considérés comme étant le reflet de leurs parents, c’est pourquoi il était important de trouver une manière adéquate de les représenter, en faisant transparaître une image flatteuse de la famille à travers leurs progénitures.Bien que l’enfant en ce début de XXe siècle soit un thème en vogue, ce constat commercial du thème de l’enfance ne correspond pas à la vision qu’en ont les deux protagonistes de cette étude. En effet, les auteurs choisis, Sorolla et Juan Ramón Jiménez, ne s’inscrivent pas complètement dans la dynamique globale présentée auparavant, mais s’en détachent pour les dimensions personnelles ou affectives qui figurent dans leurs œuvres. Il s’agit de montrer à travers cette étude de quelle manière les idées sur le sujet de l’enfant seraient à l'origine d’un rapprochement entre Sorolla et Jiménez, ainsi que le regard qu’ils portent sur l’enfant. Dans quelle mesure peut-on considérer l’enfant comme métaphore de l'artiste ? De quelle manière le choix de l’enfant comme motif permet de porter, dans chaque art, une véritable réflexion sur la place de l’enfant dans la société, sur la place de l’enfant dans les arts, mais aussi une réflexion sur l’enfant qui soit similaire pour Sorolla et pour Jiménez et contribue à une mise en lumière mutuelle de leurs œuvres.Nous avons construit notre réflexion en trois temps : après un état des lieux historiques, qui permet de connaître la conception de l’enfant à l’époque de nos artistes, il s’agit, tout d’abord, d’établir ce rapprochement entre Joaquín Sorolla et Juan Ramón Jiménez, par le contexte biographique, historique, social et culturel dans lesquels les deux artistes ont évolué, et montrer ces points de convergences, l’évolution de chacun mais aussi leur place dans la vie culturelle et sociale, qu’ils partagent, par l’analyse des réunions des artistes, qui les orienteront, tous deux, vers le choix de l’enfant. Le premier chapitre de cette étude est donc dédié exclusivement à justifier l’association de ces deux artistes singuliers et à prouver leurs contacts, à travers le motif de l’enfant, ainsi que de recueillir toutes les informations qui les guident vers le choix de ce sujet enfantinThis PhD thesis offers a new approach to the studies between texts and images in painting and poetry, through Joaquín Sorolla and Juan Ramón Jiménez’s work, which use children as main characters. Childhood as a topic and the child as a pattern become fundamental in the artistic production of these contemporary artists, who were also friends. Moreover, at the beginning of the 20th century, children became more and more often a model for painting. The interest in childhood rose, when until then, it was just an instrument for adults: it was quite regular to see representations of children turned into mini versions of adults. The new relevance of the child goes with the education agreements (Rousseau’s Emile or on education), but also with the naturalistic movement, which is used to represent life «in all its forms and all its levels». In this context, the «sentiment of childhood» was born, as Philippe Ariès stated in his book L’enfant et la vie familiale sous l’Ancien Régime. Therefore, the artists seize the pattern of the child and try to unravel the mystery of this figure: the whole family goes around the child, and a nuclear conception of the family appears. children are considered as a reflection of their parents: this is why it was important to find an appropriate way to represent them, so all the family could take advantage of this image of flattery.Even though the child also became a trending topic in painting and poetry, the commercial assessment doesn’t reflect the vision of the two artists of this study. In fact, Sorolla and Jiménez aren’t inscribed in the global dynamic around the child’s figure, but show a different way of representing it, for personal or affective reasons in their work. First of all, the study attempts to demonstrate how the ideas of the child would be the origin of the artists’ closeness and how they saw this figure. Then, in which way we can consider the child as a metaphor of the artist. And how the choice of the child as a pattern enables to fix, firstly, a reflection of the child in both arts, secondly, a reflection of the status of the child in society, and finally a reflection around the child which is similar for the painter and the poet and contributes to mutually enlighten their works.There are three chapters in this study: after an historical establishment of the picture which allows us to know the perception of the child in our artists’ time, and to determine the closeness between Joaquín Sorolla and Juan Ramón Jiménez, thanks to the biographical, historical, social and cultural context where both artists evolved. It shows the common factors, their individual evolution but also their place in this social and cultural life they shared and orientated them to take the child as a topic. Therefore, the first chapte of the study is exclusively dedicated to justifying the association of these two singular artists and to prove their contacts, through the pattern of the child, and to recollect all the information that lead them to this choice.The second chapter, however, is focused on the child’s figure as a pattern for the painter and the poet, the «external child» opposite to the «interior child», which will be developed in the third chapter. The second part collects the question of the type: the portrait of the child, its issues and the importance of Velazquez’ influence. Sorolla and Jiménez share again some «common spaces» in the treatment of the child’s figure, connected to the maternal figure, to the environment and to the game. After this analysis, the classification of the child’s figure in their works appears, separated in six sections: the god child, the king child, the working child, the innocent child, the rejected child and the dead child. Finally, the last part of this study focuses on the «internal child» of the painter and the poet, which is a projection of themselves and whose goal isn’t to denunciate anymore, but to enlighten the figure of the child as a way to return to
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Püngel, Stefan Eric. "L’œuvre sculptée de Jean-Antoine Étex (1808-1888) : l’expressivité comme source de l’inspiration artistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040114.
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Elève de Pradier, d’Ingres et de Duban le sculpteur, peintre et architecte Jean Antoine Étex (1808-1888) s'essayait à toutes les formes d'art laissant après son décès une œuvre abondante qui compte plus de 450 ouvrages. Déjà un nombre imposant de ses sculptures sont disséminées dans la capitale de la France. On les rencontre dans des endroits stratégiques de la métropole. Mais aussi beaucoup d’autres villes et musées de la France conservent des ouvrages importants de cet artiste. Parmis les œuvres les plus connues comptent les deux haut-reliefs « La Résistance » et « La Paix » à l’Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile puis le groupe en marbre « Caïn et sa race maudits de Dieu », chef -d’œuvre de la sculpture romantique, conservé aujourd’hui au Musée de Lyon. En tant que républicain convaincu et adhérent du saint-simonisme, Étex participait activement aux révolutions de 1830 et de 1848 combattant incessamment pour l’instauration de la République. Sous la monarchie de juillet, il avait connu un grand succès et une grande célebrité mais son art fut peu estimé sous le second Empire. Gravement défavorisé par le gouvernement imperial, Étex perdait sa place parmi les premiers artistes de la France et ses œuvres tombaient aussitôt dans l’oubli. Ce présent thèse de doctorat fournit pour la première fois une biographie détaillée et un catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre de cet artiste important. Ses propres écrits (publications et correspondance), les documents dans les archives françaises ainsi que la critique d’art concernant ses œuvres y sont exploitésDisciple of Pradier, Ingres and Duban the french sculptor, painter and architect Jean-Antoine Étex (1808-1888) created works in nearly all categories of art. He left after his death a highly impressive number of more than 450 works of art. A great deal of his sculptures are dispersed in the french capital city of Paris all placed at strategic locations. But also a lot of other french cities and museums conserve important works by this artist. Among the most famous sculptures made by him are certainly the two monumental reliefs “La Résistance” and “La Paix” at the Arc de Triomphe de l’Étoile as well as the marble group “Cain and his race coursed by God”, masterpice of the french romantic scuplture, conserved at the mueum of Lyon. As a convinced member of the republicain partie Étex took actively part in the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 fighting incessantly for the republic idea. During the monarchie de juillet his works achieved extreme success but after the instauration of the Empire his works were no more appreciated. Constantly ignored by the imperial government Étex lost his place among the first artists in France and his works were soon forgotten. This present dissertation constitutes for the first time a detailed biographie and a complete catalogue of the works of this important artist. His own writings (publications and correspondence), hundreds of documents from the french archives and the critiques of art concerning his works are seriously explored
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Gailleurd, Céline. "Survivances de la peinture du XIXe siècle dans le cinéma italien des années 1910 : la peinture aux origines du cinéma ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10227.
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Cette étude centrée sur le cinéma italien propose de décrire les liens prolifiques et complexes qui se sont noués entre la peinture du XIXe siècle, européenne et surtout italienne, et les films italiens allant de 1905 (La Presa di Roma, Alberini) à 1920 (La serpe, Roberti). Du filon historique aux mélodrames des dive, de la figuration enthousiaste de l’Histoire, au lyrisme de la passion amoureuse, un effet pictural hante les images cinématographiques qui portent en elles « le ferment d’un tableau possible » (Eric Rohmer). Il s’agira donc de penser les formes de partage entre cinéma et peinture, suivant l’étude iconographique de motifs (gestes, postures, décors, accessoires) et d’éléments formels (composition, cadre, échelle des plans, montage) ouvrant sur la question des styles, que le cinéma prolonge et altère : néoclassicisme, académisme, orientalisme, préraphaélisme, symbolisme, Art Nouveau. Ces notions d’esthétique permettent un rapprochement entre l’histoire de l’art et l’histoire du cinéma, et ouvrent sur la question de la survivance des images. Au moment où l’on enregistre sa disparition en faveur de l’abstraction, la peinture figurative du XIXe siècle persiste, se prolonge, et survit au cinéma. En retour, le cinéma italien des années 1910 tire une part de sa vitalité d’une matière picturale qui appartient déjà au passé. Cette recherche met ainsi à jour une série de questions permettant à la fois de revisiter un pan de l’histoire du cinéma italien, peu étudié en France, et plus largement de penser la relation du cinéma aux autres artsThis study centers around Italian cinema and proposes to describe the prolific and complex connections that developed between 19th century painting (European and mostly Italian) and the Italian films from 1905 (La Presa di Roma, Alberini) to 1920 (La Serpe, Roberti). From the historical inspiration to the dive melodramas, from the enthusiastic portrayal of History to the lyricism of passionate love, a pictorial effect haunts these cinematographic images in which can be found « the seed of a possible painting » (Eric Rohmer). Therefore, one needs to reflect on what cinema and painting share, following the iconographical study of figurative (gestures, postures, scenery, props) and formal elements (composition, frame, field size, editing) that lead to the question of the styles that the cinema prolongs and alters : neoclassicism, academism, orientalism, pre-Raphaelitism, symbolism, Art Nouveau. These aesthetic ideas allow for a convergence between the history of art and the history of cinema, which opens the question of the images' survival. At a time when 19th century figurative painting was being replaced by abstract art, it persisted and survived in cinema. In return, Italian cinema of the 1910s drew part of its vitality from pictorial material that already belonged to the past.Thus, this research brings to light a series of questions that allow for both a revisitation of a rarely studied period of the history of Italian cinema and more generally to reflect upon the relationship between cinema and other artforms
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MacDonald, Juliette. "Aspects of identity in the work of Douglas Strachan (1875-1950)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7357.
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This thesis explores facets of Scottish identity via the decorative work of Douglas Strachan. Nations and nationalism remain extraordinarily potent phenomena in the contemporary world and this work seeks to examine aspects of Scottish nationhood and cultural identity through Strachan's evocation of history, folklore, religion and myth. It has been argued that these are the chief catalysts for enabling people to define and shape their understanding of themselves and their place within society. Cultural identity is often understood as a passive form of nationalism which is remote from its political counterpart. Yet there are strong arguments to counter this belief. This thesis addresses some of the issues raised by such arguments and adopts an ethno-symbolic approach in order to re-evaluate Strachan's work, and that of his contemporaries. The thesis also develops the theoretical and contextual debates concerning the decorative arts in general and stained glass in particular in order to raise awareness of its merits and its role within our society.
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Seraphim, Mirian N. (Miriam Nogueira). "A catalogação das pinturas a óleo de Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti = o estado da questão." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280443.
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Orientador: Jorge ColiAcompanha no v. 1 1 CD-ROM
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seraphim_MirianN.(MiriamNogueira)_D.pdf: 12638976 bytes, checksum: e9c65ea2af43869cc442737e0ffb85ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O pintor Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti (Salerno, Itália, 1866 - Rio de Janeiro, 1944), apesar de ser precursor do modernismo brasileiro, pioneiro do design no Brasil, e ainda decorador de diversos edifícios importantes do Rio de Janeiro, não tem sua obra conhecida nem valorizada na justa medida, como também grande parte dos artistas brasileiros. A catalogação sistemática da obra de um artista é o procedimento que visa sanar essas faltas e também prevenir e combater a falsificação, que progride na medida em que o mercado de artes plásticas no Brasil é insipiente e o conhecimento do seu objeto é precário. Foi feito, então, um levantamento das pinturas a óleo e de cavalete atribuídas a Visconti, num recorte que exclui toda a sua produção de desenho, pinturas em outras técnicas, projetos para as indústrias artísticas e os grandes painéis decorativos. Para definir o estágio de autenticação de cada pintura e ordená-las cronologicamente, foi realizada uma grande coleta de documentos e críticas publicadas por ocasião das muitas exposições que Visconti participou. Além disso, as características individuais do autor - em termos de cor, fatura, desenho e composição - observadas em suas obras de autoria comprovada, quando estão evidentes em outras pinturas, servem de base para a sua aprovação. Assim, foram destacadas 501 pinturas a óleo, em sua grande maioria comprovadas e aprovadas, num Elenco Cronológico e Iconográfico; acompanhadas de seus dados essenciais e históricos, e de um símbolo de caracterização da obra, que as define em cinco variáveis: autoria, título, imagem, data e coleção. Em separado, são apresentadas mais 115 pinturas, ainda em estudos ou não aprovadas, e acompanhadas dos mesmos elementos. Visconti alcançou uma linguagem plástica pessoal harmonizando elementos de sua formação acadêmica com as tendências do final do século XIX: pré-rafaelismo, impressionismo, simbolismo, artnouveau. Assim, foi inovador e ousado, sem ser contestador ou revoltado
Abstract: The painter Eliseu d'Angelo Visconti (Salerno, Italy, 1866 - Rio de Janeiro, 1944), despite being a precursor of modernism in Brazil, and a pioneer of design in Brazil, and decorator of several important buildings in Rio de Janeiro, his work is neither known nor appreciated in full measure, as happens to most Brazilian artists. The systematic cataloguing of the work of an artist is the procedure that aims to remedy those deficiencies and prevent and combat counterfeiting, which progresses to the extent that the market for visual arts in Brazil is incipient and knowledge of its object is poor. Then it was made a survey of oil paintings attributed to Visconti, a clipping that excludes all of its production design, paintings in other techniques, artistic projects for industries and large decorative panels. To set the stage for authentication of each painting and arrange them chronologically, we performed a large collection of documents and reviews published during the many exhibitions that Visconti participated. In addition, the author's individual characteristics - in terms of color, making, design and composition - seen in his works of authorship verified, once evident in other paintings, are the basis for its approval. Thus, there were 501 outstanding oil paintings, mostly verified and approved, in an Iconographic and Chronological List and, accompanied by their essential data and history; a symbol of characterization of the work, that sets in five variables: author, title, image, date and collection. Separately, more than 115 paintings are displayed, still in studies or non approved and accompanied by the same elements. Visconti reached a personal visual language harmonizing elements of their academic training with the trends of the late nineteenth century: pre-Raphaelitism, impressionism, symbolism, art nouveau. Thus, it was innovative and daring, without being disruptive or revolted
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Walkowska-Boiteux, Joanna. "Auguste Couder, peintre d’histoire (1790-1873). Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040093.
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Peintre d’histoire actif dès le début de la Restauration jusqu’au Second Empire, membre de l’Académie des beaux-arts et officier de la Légion d’honneur, Auguste Couder représente parfaitement toute une génération d’artistes reconnus de leur vivant, mais oubliés par la suite. Méconnue de nos jours, son œuvre, riche et variée, mérite pourtant d’être redécouverte. Elève fidèle de David, fortement marqué par l’enseignement de son maître, Couder se distingua en tant qu’un excellent dessinateur qui ne négligeait pas pour autant la couleur. Sollicité pour de nombreuses commandes officielles et privées, il réalisa un grand nombre d’œuvres inspirées tantôt de l’histoire – aussi bien antique que nationale, tantôt de la religion ou de la littérature. Peintre prolifique, exposant régulièrement aux Salons des années 1814-1848, il participa également à plusieurs travaux de décoration d’édifices civils et religieux. Pourtant, jusqu’à présent, sa création ne fit l’objet d’aucune étude. Cette thèse a pour objectif de combler cette lacune, en retraçant la carrière de Couder d’une part, et en établissant le premier catalogue raisonné de son œuvre, d’autre part. Comprenant près de 400 peintures et dessins, dont plusieurs sont inédits, ce catalogue met en évidence la richesse de la création artistique de Couder laquelle retrouve ainsi sa place dans l’histoire de la peinture du XIXe siècleAuguste Couder, a historical painter active from the outset of the French Restauration to the Second Empire, a member of the Académie des beaux-arts (Academy of Fine Arts) and an Officer of the Legion of Honour, is a true representative of a whole generation of painters who were recognised as such during their lifetime but forgotten afterwards. Little known today, his works, abundant and varied, well deserve to be rediscovered. As a loyal student of David whose teaching greatly influenced him, Couder stood out as an excellent drawer but was nevertheless much interested in colours. He was commissioned numerous orders, from official and private sources, for paintings of a historical nature – both ancient and national – and inspired by religion and literature. A prolific artist, he participated regularly in the Salon held between 1814 and 1848 ; he also took part in several decorative works for official and religious edifices. Yet, his works have never been the subject of any study. The object of the present thesis is to remedy this situation by reviewing his whole career as well as drawing up, for the first time, a full descriptive catalogue of his works. This catalogue, which comprises some 400 paintings and drawings – several of which are unpublished, highlights the rich creation of Couder, reinstating him in the history of the 19th century arts
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Dessy, Clément. "Les écrivains devant le défi nabi: positions, pratiques d'écriture et influences." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209795.
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En 1888, une communauté de peintres s’associe sous l’appellation « Nabis ». Ce terme, issu de l’hébreu, signifie à la fois les « prophètes » et les « initiés ». Paul Sérusier qui vécut sa rencontre avec Paul Gauguin comme une révélation est à l’origine de la formation du groupe. Une année auparavant, le symbolisme littéraire triomphe en France et suscite l’émulation parmi une nouvelle génération d’écrivains qui se cristallise autour de /La Revue Blanche/ et le /Mercure de France/. Entre les Nabis et les symbolistes s’établit dès lors un intense réseau de collaborations. Tant dans l’élaboration des décors et programmes du Théâtre de l’œuvre de Lugné-Poe que dans l’illustration d’ouvrages d’André Gide, d’Alfred Jarry ou encore de Jules Renard, les Nabis participent activement à la vie littéraire de leur temps tout en s’incarnant volontairement comme une avant-garde picturale. Les échanges nombreux entre peintres et écrivains sont alors loin de se limiter à de simples commandes. Ils aboutissent souvent à des amitiés durables comme celles qui unirent Gide à Maurice Denis et Jarry à Pierre Bonnard. La recherche s’interroge sur la motivation de cette nouvelle génération d’écrivains qui sollicita le groupe nabi, ainsi que sur la nature des projets qui les unirent. Les revues littéraires occupent une place importante dans le rassemblement entre les écrivains et ce groupe de peintres. La volonté d'identifier une aile picturale qui fasse écho dans le champ artistique au désir d'innover dans le champ littéraire stimule les sollicitations des écrivains de la seconde génération symboliste. Les Nabis, qui se méfient toutefois d'une soumission trop grande au fait littéraire, induisent par leurs développements artistiques et leurs théories les paramètres d'une nouvelle relation entre peintres et écrivains dans laquelle ces derniers ne recherchent plus la domination stratégique de l'art littéraire sur la peinture.Outre ces considérations historiques, le rapprochement souhaité entre les deux groupes fut tel que la production littéraire ne put qu’être influencée par les théories des Nabis. La tendance "formaliste" représentée par ce groupe pictural a souvent conduit les chercheurs à prendre acte de l'autonomie tant du littéraire que du pictural dans les échanges entre Nabis et écrivains. Les influences sont cependant nombreuses de la peinture vers la littérature. Il est toutefois nécessaire de prendre en compte des écrivains oubliés par l'histoire littéraire, tels Romain Coolus, Gabriel Trarieux ou Louis Lormel, pour percevoir les effets de cette influence picturale. La reprise d'un dispositif de couleurs, exaltées ou déformées, le jeu poétique sur le thème de la ligne ou de l'arabesque fondent une recherche d'effet visuel dans l'écriture qui entend renouveler les images poétiques. Ce constat entre en résonance avec la rénovation picturale revendiquée par les Nabis. Des esthétiques communes entre peintres et écrivains, tournant autour des notions de synthèse, simplicité, de la référence à l'enfance ou à la fantaisie humoristique rassemblent Nabis et poètes qui les soutiennent dans une communauté d'initiés à l'art nouveau.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Taylor, James. "The creation and reception of William Westall's Admiralty oil paintings derived from his voyage on HMS Investigator, 1801-1803." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54622/.
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Brochard, Philippe. "Eugène Ciceri (1813-1890) : Peindre, lithographier et enseigner le paysage au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH026.
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La thèse s’attache tout d’abord à tracer les grandes lignes biographiques du personnage, liées en partie à ses origines familiales qui l’impliquent très tôt dans le monde artistique, influant sur un parcours de vie, privée mais surtout professionnelle, qui s’exprime sur une durée longue couvrant les trois quarts du XIXe siècle. La première partie de la thèse permet d’explorer l’œuvre d’Eugène Ciceri en tant qu’artiste-peintre, œuvre sur laquelle règne jusqu’à présent une certaine confusion, afin d’en déceler les lignes de force et de montrer comment l’artiste élabore sa propre grammaire du paysagisme. Sa production lithographique qui, de prime abord, paraît dense et variée, fait ensuite l’objet d’une étude attentive mettant en relief les domaines auxquels elle s’applique et les relations qu’elle entretient avec son œuvre peint. Cela permet d’observer dans quelle mesure l’artiste influe sur la perception des lieux qu’il représente et sur les processus d’élaboration des images dans le contexte du développement de la photographie. Cela incite également à analyser les relations ambivalentes qui se mettent en place entre les éditeurs et les artistes, à une époque où ceux-ci deviennent les rouages d’une machine à produire des images. Au travers de cette production, nous cherchons à mettre en lumière le rôle que peuvent jouer ces représentations face à des faits d’actualité, dans un monde où s’associent l’émergence des loisirs et l’essor industriel. Dans ce vaste contexte, le rôle pédagogique de l’artiste et des images qu’il crée peut prendre des sens variés. Au final, nous tentons de montrer comment Eugène Ciceri, passé en un siècle et demi d’une belle notoriété à un oubli pratiquement total, peut se révéler à la fois comme le miroir, le témoin et l’acteur de son temps. Cet ensemble comprend plusieurs appendices parmi lesquels un catalogue général rendant compte de la façon la plus complète possible des œuvres d’Eugène Ciceri, tant en peintures qu’en estampes, dont la mise au point a constitué une partie non négligeable de cette étudeThe primary aim of the thesis is to expose the artist’s main biographical lines, which will appear as partly linked to his family background, involving him in the artistic world very early and influencing his life course, on a private but mostly on a professional level, and this throughout a long period covering three quarters of the 19th century.In the first part of the thesis the work of Eugène Ciceri as a painter will be explored - a work over which a certain amount of confusion has remained until now - in order to detect its main strengths and show how the artist develops his own grammar of landscaping. At first described as dense and diversified, his lithographic production will then be carefully studied, highlighting the fields that the artist covered and the links that exist with his painted work. This enables witnessing the extent of the artist’s influence on the perception of places he represents and on the processes of image making in a world where photography is being invented. This also leads to analyzing the complex relationships growing between publishers and artists at a time when the latter are becoming the main wheels of an image-producing machine. The role that these productions can play towards topical events of the time in a world where the emergence of leisure and industrial development are combined will be brought to light. In this wide context, the educational role of the artist and the images he creates can have various meanings. In the end, it will be attempted to show how Eugène Ciceri, who within a century and a half has gone from great notoriety to practically total oblivion, can prove to be simultaneously a mirror, a witness and an actor of his time.This whole document presents several appendices, including a general catalog which testifies of the work of Eugène Ciceri in the most comprehensive way, displaying paintings as well as engravings, and whose elaboration has played a significant part in this study
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Hearn, Richard Paul Joseph. "The production of paintings in watercolours in early 19th century Britain : the shift from oil-supremacy to watercolour-ascendancy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358977.
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Demange, Stéphanie. "« ¡A los pintores les ha dado por mojar el pincel en lágrimas! » : La pauvreté au miroir des Salons (Espagne, 1890-1910)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040152.
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Entre 1890 et 1910, les prix des concours artistiques officiels vont en Espagne à des toiles qui représentent les souffrances des couches sociales les plus défavorisées de la société de la Restauration. Pauvres et vagabonds, migrants et chômeurs, mendiants et prostituées, ouvriers et paysans précaires sont les figures de proue d’un nouveau répertoire pictural qui déclasse la peinture d’histoire et remporte un succès public et critique considérable. La présente étude a pour ambition de faire l’histoire de cette peinture de la détresse sociale, en cherchant à comprendre les raisons de son triomphe dans les Salons d’un régime peu enclin à considérer la misère comme un scandale, voire même comme une question politique. Ce travail croise pour ce faire deux historiographies : l’histoire de l’art, en participant de la redécouverte d’une production qui, bien que légitime et couverte d’éloges en son temps, n’eut par la suite aucune fortune critique; et l’histoire culturelle, l’enjeu étant de mettre au jour les représentations sociales produites ou véhiculées par cette peinture. L’analyse des regards portés sur ces tableaux permet parallèlement de cerner l’évolution des sensibilités face à la pauvreté, mais aussi d’identifier les croyances et représentations largement partagées en matière de légitimation des inégalités. En faisant dialoguer ces approches, cette recherche vise à proposer un premier travail de synthèse sur ce chapitre absent jusqu’ici de l’histoire culturelle du XIXe siècle espagnolBetween 1890 and 1910, most prizes awarded in Spain by official art exhibits went to depictions of the hardships faced by the poorest subjects of the Restoration. Destitutes and vagrants, migrants and the unemployed, beggars and prostitutes, day laborers and poor peasants were the icons of a new repertoire of pictorial forms which not only superseded history painting but also proved immensely popular both with critics and the public. This thesis aims to write the history of this art of social destitution, by elucidating how it could triumph in the Salons of a Regime which was certainly not inclined to consider poverty as outrageous or as a legitimate political concern. This task has entailed melding two distinct historiographic traditions together: whereas the methods of art history were used to rediscover this body of work and explain why, shortly after having been officially sanctioned and showered with praise, it could be spurned by critics; those of cultural history were mustered to identify the different social constructs fashioned or promoted by these pieces. Moreover, the study of how these depictions of social destitution were perceived might help to determine how the feelings towards poverty evolved and what shared beliefs and preconceptions were used to legitimize inequality. By bringing these approaches together, this thesis hopes to offer the first synthetic study of a neglected chapter of Spanish, 19th century, cultural history
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Costa, Richard Santiago 1985. "O corpo indígena ressignificado : Marabá e O último Tamoio de Rodolfo Amoedo, e a retórica nacionalista do final do Segundo Império." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281782.
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Orientador: Claudia Valladão de MattosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_RichardSantiago_M.pdf: 19493104 bytes, checksum: 5f25f91acbf60eab43f89b48112b2700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O presente projeto de pesquisa pretende estudar duas obras específicas do pintor brasileiro Rodolfo Amoedo intituladas O último Tamoio (1883) e Marabá (1882). Tais obras serão analisadas dentro do contexto de sua produção na segunda metade do século XIX buscando identificar aspectos formais e programáticos que as aproximam e ao mesmo tempo afastam da política de criação de uma identidade nacional implementada pela Academia Imperial de Belas Artes no decorrer do século XIX. Buscaremos associar essas pinturas, tão importantes no conjunto da obra de Amoedo, ao ambiente sócio-político e cultural do Brasil oitocentista, investigando suas intenções políticas e culturais no contexto artístico do período. Além disso, interrogaremos tais pinturas na tentativa de reconhecer traços do estilo de Amoedo que as ligassem à sua formação artística tanto no Brasil quanto na Europa, trazendo referências diversas nas áreas da literatura e pintura que contribuíram para sua feitura. Será fundamental investigar como Amoedo desmonta o aparato de exaltação do mito do "índio herói nacional", identificando os traços de um indianismo tardio sem fôlego, esgotado às vésperas da proclamação da República. Para tanto, será importante confrontar literatura e artes plásticas dentro das premissas do ut pictura poesis, visto que naquela floresceu primeiro o que se convencionou chamar de "indianismo". Propomos uma reflexão sobre a figura do índio melancólico e trágico das pinturas supracitadas de Amoedo em detrimento do índio heróico e guerreiro da produção literária do período anterior e seu papel na constituição de um imaginário nacional que tinha o índio como símbolo pátrio: através das diversas ressiginificações por que passou o corpo indígena, seja no campo da pintura e da escultura, seja no campo da ilustração e da literatura, analisaremos como Amoedo se insere como renovador do indianismo acadêmico, rearranjando os elementos próprios da retórica nacionalista no final do Segundo Império
Abstract: This research project aims to study two specific works of the Brazilian painter Rodolfo Amoedo titled The Last Tamoio (1883) and Maraba (1882). Such works will be examined within the context of his production in the second half of the nineteenth century trying to identify formal and programmatic aspects which approach and at the same time move back them from the creation policy of a national identity implemented by the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts during the nineteenth century. Trying to associate these paintings, very important in Amoedo's whole works, to the social, political and cultural environment of nineteenth century on Brazil, looking for his political and cultural intentions in the artistic context of that period. Furthermore we will study such paintings trying to recognize aspects of Amoedo's style that link them to his artistic development both in Brazil and in Europe, bringing different references in literature and painting areas which was a contribution to its conception. It will be essential to investigate how Amoedo disjoints the apparatus of exaltation of the "national Indian hero" myth, identifying aspects of a late breathless "indianism", exhausted on the eve of the Republic's proclamation. Therefore, it will be important to confront literature and fine arts within the premise of ut pictura poesis, since that first grew what is conventionally called "indianism". We propose a reflection about the image of the melancholic and tragic indian of the Amoedo's paintings above in detriment of the heroic and warrior indian of the literary production of the previous period and their role in the constitution of a national imaginary that used to have indian as a native symbol: through the different reinventions of its meaning which passed the indigenous body, whether in painting and sculpture, or in the field of illustration and literature, we are going to analyze how Amoedo introduces himself as a re-newer of the academic indianism, rearranging the specific elements of the nationalist rhetoric at the end of the Second Empire
Mestrado
Historia da Arte
Mestre em História da Arte
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Ribeiro, Lúcia Amaral de Oliveira. "Imagens e paleta de cores nos textos de Flaubert da viagem ao Oriente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-21012015-175516/.
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Esta tese abrange manuscritos inéditos dos cadernos da viagem ao Oriente, de Flaubert, e textos publicados postumamente, a partir do que ele copiou dos seus cadernos logo depois da viagem, fazendo mudanças e acréscimos. Esta tese também abrange cartas que ele escreveu no Oriente. Analiso movimentos da sua escritura e a mobilidade de formas textuais, que migram de cartas para textos da viagem e vice-versa. Ele não quis publicar essas anotações, que constituem um lugar de experiência com a linguagem, uma espécie de laboratório de formas, que depois, com mudanças, ele integra em seus romances. Relaciono esses textos a concepções estéticas da época. Comparo o modo descritivo que Flaubert desenvolve durante a viagem com páginas dos cadernos ilustrados de Delacroix, do Marrocos. Identifico nos textos do Oriente de Flaubert correspondências entre composição literária e composição pictural. Seu olhar e imaginação são informados pela arte orientalista, em voga na Europa, na época. O orientalismo é um elo para a análise de mudanças estéticas que acontecem nas duas artes, literatura e pintura, no século XIX. Escrever durante a viagem se associa à ideia de movimentar um repertório de imagens e, ao mesmo tempo, tornar visível o que o texto evocaThis thesis encompasses Flauberts unpublished manuscripts from his travel notes and copies he made from these travel notes, with a few changes and additions, soon after returning from his journey to the Orient and, moreover, letters written while on this journey. I have analyzed Flauberts writing and the mobility of textual variations that migrate from his letters to travel texts and vice versa. He never wished to publish these notes that are an experience in language, a laboratory for variations, which with some changes, he later integrates into his fiction. I have compared these texts with the aesthetic conceptions at that time. I have also analyzed the descriptive mode that Flaubert developed in the Orient, comparing excerpts from his notes to pages from Delacroixs illustrated travel notes made during his trip to Morocco. I identify in Flauberts texts from the Orient the correspondence with pictorial composition. His viewpoint and imagination are informed by Orientalist art, which was popular in Europe at the time. The Orientalism provides a link for analyzing the aesthetic changes that took place in literature and painting in the XIX century. Writing during travel is associated with the idea of creating a repertory of images while at the same time making visible what is evoked in the text
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Jolivet, Anna. "Représentations de l'école vénitienne en France au XIXe siècle : une écriture de l'histoire de l'art entre enjeux artistiques, scientifiques et idéologiques." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779462.
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Cette thèse est un travail historiographique qui découle d'une étude des textes consacrés à la peinture vénitienne, publiés en français entre 1800 et 1914. Tout en considérant ces documents dans leur diversité (ouvrages savants ou de vulgarisation, récits de voyages), il s'agit de les replacer dans un contexte de formation de l'histoire de l'art comme champ autonome de connaissances. Car du fait de son statut encore incertain au XIXe siècle, la discipline se nourrit d'une littérature variée, et jette dans le même temps les fondements d'un savoir institutionnalisé. La notion d'école de peinture apparaît comme une catégorie de ce savoir et permet de concevoir la peinture vénitienne comme un phénomène singulier et cohérent. Envisagée pour son coloris, cette école est perçue comme le lieu d'une sensualité qui nie les exigences d'une doctrine héritée du classicisme. Les historiens de l'art du XIXe siècle mettent en place un appareil argumentatif et rhétorique visant à donner à leur discours une légitimité scientifique. Dès la moitié du siècle, l'usage d'une méthode scientiste permet d'expliquer la peinture vénitienne par des justifications sociales, climatiques ou raciales. Au sein du raisonnement qui démontre la nature anticlassique de l'école vénitienne, il convient aussi de considérer les arguments fournis par l'Orientalisme et par l'histoire de l'art flamand et hollandais, qui par un rapprochement avec Venise, éloignent encore sa peinture du modèle classique. Mais il importe par ailleurs de relever les ouvertures du discours qui infléchissent cette pensée dominante. La confrontation de la peinture vénitienne avec les nouvelles formes d'art contemporain - Romantisme, Impressionnisme, Symbolisme - permet d'en faire un lieu d'identification pour la modernité picturale. Enfin, les revendications identitaires qui parcourent une Italie en quête d'indépendance et une France hostile à la Prusse après la guerre de 1870, participent autour de 1900 à caractériser l'école vénitienne comme un lieu d'ancrage d'une identité classique, latine et/ou chrétienne résistant à la menace germanique.
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Rabiller, Carole. "Critique d’art et morale. Une réception critique française et anglaise de la peinture victorienne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL139.
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En déplaçant les problématiques traditionnelles - celles des analyses strictement nationales - cette thèse propose d'explorer, à l'aide d'une perspective comparative, l'importance donnée au critère moral par la critique, française et anglaise, lors de sa réception de la peinture victorienne. Le corpus de ce travail s'appuie sur l'étude successive des œuvres anglaises présentées tant aux expositions universelles parisiennes (1855, 1867, 1878 et 1889) qu'à la Royal Academy et des commentaires critiques publiés dans la presse spécialisée ou non. Cette démarche révèle la dynamique des échanges interculturels entre les deux pays autour de la question morale et met en évidence l'existence d'une réception nationaliste de l'art par la critique. Dès lors, le jugement porté sur une œuvre par un critique dépend de sa culture, de son goût, mais aussi plus largement du contexte social et des principes propres à sa société. À ce titre, le climat de compétition entre la France et l'Angleterre se retrouve dans les articles et ouvrages publiés de chaque coté de la Manche. De puissants débats critiques mettent en lumière les processus d'appropriation et de rejet participant à la définition des deux cultures artistiques. Ils réunissent art et morale en interrogeant l'existence d'un « grand genre » victorien, l'exposition comme un espace permettant à la critique de circonscrire un art national et de se définir elle-même, ainsi que l'influence moraliste de John Ruskin (1819-1901) sur la société et son art. L'hétérogénéité de la profession de critique d'art associée à la plasticité du mot « morale » permet donc à ce travail de proposer une définition de la peinture victorienne et de ses acteursBy shifting the traditional issues - those of strictly national analyses - this thesis proposes to explore, using a comparative perspective, the importance given to the moral criterion by critics, French and English, when receiving Victorian painting. The corpus of this work is based on the successive study of English paintings presented at the “Expositions universelles” in Paris (1855, 1867, 1878 and 1889) as well as at the Royal Academy, and of the critical comments published in the press specialized or not. This approach reveals the dynamics of intercultural exchanges between the two countries around the moral issue and highlights the existence of a nationalist reception of art by critics. Consequently, a critic's judgment of a painting depends on their culture, their taste, but also more broadly on the social context and the principles specific to their society. As such, the competitive climate between France and England is reflected in the articles and books published on both sides of the English Channel. Powerful critical debates highlight the processes of appropriation and rejection that contribute to the definition of the two artistic cultures in relation to each other. They bring art and morality together by questioning the existence of a Victorian “grand genre”, the exhibition as a place for critics to circumscribe a national art and define themselves, as well as John Ruskin's (1819-1901) moralist influence on society and the art it produces. The heterogeneity of the art criticism profession associated with the plasticity of the word “moral” therefore allows this work to propose a definition of Victorian painting and its actors
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Hébert, Oriane. "La peinture d’Histoire en France sous le Second Empire libéral (1860-1870)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20016/document.
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Genre prestigieux héritier d’une longue tradition, la peinture d'histoire connaît de multiples évolutions tout au long du XIXe siècle. Sous le Second Empire, régime longtemps affecté par sa « légende noire », ce genre restait encore à définir. Il présente des caractéristiques qui l’inscrivent véritablement dans son siècle, tout en lui conférant une originalité : émanation de la peinture d'histoire et de ses mutations dans la première moitié du siècle, précurseur de sa reformulation sous la Troisième République, la peinture d'histoire sous le Second Empire est marquée par la singularité. L’étude des représentations de l’histoire peintes entre 1860 et 1870 en est révélatrice. D’emblée, la corrélation entre les créations et le terme même de « peinture d'histoire » pose question. En effet, tout en se maintenant dans un sujet classique (historique), ces « peintures à sujet historique » se rapprochent tour à tour de la peinture de genre et du genre historique, et sont contaminées par le réalisme et le goût de la couleur locale. Si l’expression académique de « peinture d'histoire » convient encore à la peinture de bataille, cette dernière subit aussi les assauts de la modernité et connaît une mutation sous la forme spécifique de la peinture militaire. La démarche des peintres de sujets historiques présente des récurrences. Un important travail préparatoire, à partir de textes, de sources voire de découvertes archéologiques, est mis au service de reconstitutions positivistes des événements, permettant de susciter l’intérêt du public. Le choix des sujets varie selon les intentions : édifier le spectateur, montrer un passé idéalisé utilisé comme répertoire de sujets émouvants, ou encore exposer une idéologie. Au-delà de la dimension historiciste d’éducation par le passé national, ces œuvres donnent à voir un certain état de la pensée historique, des principaux courants d’idées qui ont influencé les peintres. Plus encore, ces derniers véhiculent et diffusent une conception de l’histoire qui rejaillit sur leur présent par l’intermédiaire de la presse et de l’illustration, et ils contribuent ainsi à construire l’image qui va s’ancrer dans les mémoires. Support traditionnel de propagande et de « fabrication » du pouvoir, la peinture d’histoire conduit à se poser la question des pratiques culturelles du gouvernement du Second Empire. L’instrumentalisation de l’image par l’État est réelle, mais se cantonne aux peintures de bataille et aux figurations du faste impérial. Napoléon III, dans sa politique d’acquisition, s’adapte aux créations plus qu’il ne les génère. En revanche, il exerce une influence indirecte : la mise en scène de sa personne, du couple impérial et de ses goûts historiques, offre une série de thèmes exploités par les peintres. La peinture à sujet historique n’est pas instrumentalisée dans le cadre des envois de l’État. Les élites locales jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement de ce genre : municipalités et Sociétés savantes, édiles et érudits encouragent les créations sur l’histoire nationale ou locale. La représentation de l’histoire entre 1860 et 1870 donne à voir la place primordiale de l’histoire, dans ses aspects savants et populaires, à échelle nationale et locale, inspirée par le sentiment d’attachement à la « petite patrie » comme à la nationPrestigious genre, heir to a long tradition, the history painting experiences multiple evolutions throughout the 19th century. Under the Second Empire, for a long time a regime marked by its "black legend", the genre still remained to be defined. Its characteristics fix it deeply in its century, while conferring it an originality : an emanation of the history painting and its transformations in the first half of the century, a precursor of its reformulation under the Third Republic, the history painting under the Second Empire is marked by its singularity. The study of the representations of history painted between 1860 and 1870 is revealing there. Straightaway, the correlation between the creations and the term of "history painting" raises questions. Indeed, while remaining in a classic subject (history), these "paintings on historic subject" get closer alternately to the genre painting and the historic genre, and are contaminated by the realism and the interest in the local colour. If the academic expression of "history painting" still suits for the painting of battle, the latter is also touched by the modernity and transformed into military painting. The approach of the painters of historic subjects presents recurrences. An important preparatory work, on texts, sources, even archaeological discoveries, is put in the service of positivist reconstructions of the events, in order to raise the interest of the public. The choice of the subjects varies according to the intentions: educate the spectator, show an idealised past used as directory of moving scenes, or develop an ideology. Beyond the historicist dimension of education about the national past, these pieces of art show a certain state of the historic thought, the main currents of ideas that influenced the painters. Moreover, the latter convey and spread a conception of history that reaches the contemporary through the press and the illustration, and so they contribute to build the image that will be anchored in the memory. A traditional mean of propaganda and "manufacturing" of the power, the history painting raises the question of the cultural practices of the government of the Second Empire. The instrumentalisation of the image by the State is real, but is restricted to the paintings of battle and of the imperial splendour. Napoleon III, in his acquisition policy, adapts himself to the creations more than he generates them. On the other hand, he exercises an indirect influence: the staging of his person, the imperial couple and its tastes in history, offer a series of themes exploited by the painters. The painting of historic subject is not instrumentalised within the framework of the envois of the State. The local elites play an essential role in the development of this genre: municipalities and Learned societies, town councillors and scholars encourage creations on national or local history. The representation of the history between 1860 and 1870 reveals the essential place of history, in its erudite and popular aspects, on a national and local scale, inspired by the feeling of attachment to the "small homeland" as well as the nation
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Marsh, Kimberly. "Paintings & palanquins : the language of visual aesthetics and the picturesque in accounts of British women's travels in India from 1822 to 1846." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c87b9841-a322-4dad-95a8-44831e8ab2cd.
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This thesis explores the Picturesque as a visual aesthetic that is often self-consciously employed in the travel accounts of British women in India in the first half of the nineteenth century. It addresses how three women - Fanny Parks, Marianne Postans, and Emily Eden - made use of the language of aesthetics, in particular that of the Picturesque (a style deemed especially appropriate for women travellers) in a variety of ways: first, to help them understand and relate to their experiences in this foreign land; second, to convey these experiences to their audiences back home; and, third to carve out what frequently becomes a feminised space within the established (and predominantly masculine) field of travel writing. The approach is largely historicist in order to situate the authors (and artists) within their contemporary cultural, social, and political context. My work builds upon that of literary scholars Elizabeth Bohls, Nigel Leask, and Sara Suleri in its interweaving of historical research and visual aesthetics with a literary analysis of travel writing and colonialism, bringing to bear their insights on authors previously little or not at all addressed in critical literature. Expanding on the notion of the 'Indian picturesque', which Leask begins to shape in his work, I bring Parks, Postans, and Eden into dialogue with the suggestions of Bohls and Suleri that women travel writers adapt the traditionally masculine ideal of the Picturesque aesthetic. After an introduction and two chapters which explore the broader themes concerning the development of the Picturesque and its influence on British artistic representations of India, I briefly summarise how this visual aesthetic came to be applied to written texts about travels in the region, beginning with the texts produced by male travellers, and with a specific focus on the travel narrative of Captain Godfrey Charles Mundy, whose accounts are referenced in Fanny Parks' work. My thesis then offers three case studies considering each writer in order of their arrival in India - starting with Fanny Parks' autobiography of her travels (published in 1850), followed by the published works of Marianne Postans in the 1830s, and through to those of Emily Eden, relating to her travels in the same decade and published in 1866. Aside from drawing on the aesthetics of visual art, the discussion of each author also addresses the importance of other sources to which they allude that enable aesthetic responses to India's landscape and peoples.
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Purmale, Zané. "Habiller le mur : les relations entre la tapisserie et la peinture sous la Troisième République : le cas des Gobelins (1870-1925)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30017.
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Sous la Troisième République, les quatre administrateurs successifs de la manufacture nationale des Gobelins, Alfred Darcel, Edouard Gerspach, Jules Guiffrey et Gustave Geffroy, cherchent à imprimer, chacun à leur manière, un renouveau à l’art de la tapisserie. Si les trois premiers cherchent à retrouver la vraie nature de la tapisserie, dont les principes peuvent être découverts en étudiant le passé, pour lui redonner une vigueur nouvelle dans le présent et augmenter ainsi son indépendance vis-à-vis de la peinture, le dernier cherche, au contraire, à faire entrer les Gobelins dans la modernité en rapprochant la tapisserie de la peinture. Cette thèse cherche à comprendre, de façon aussi complète que possible, la création artistique à la manufacture des Gobelins pendant cette période, qui se caractérise par une activité extraordinaire. Grâce à l’analyse du contexte intellectuel, il a été précisé les idées qui ont permis de donner l’impulsion et la direction à ce renouveau en détaillant également les conditions matérielles, institutionnelles et économiques qui permettent d’étudier les moyens dont dispose la manufacture. Ainsi sont révélés les impératifs imposés par les conditions matérielles et l’organisation du processus créatif impliquant un nombre d’acteurs et de procédures important, ralentissant et rendant contraignante toute démarche. Surtout il a été montré dans quelle mesure les moyens économiques étaient en totale inadéquation avec les objectifs de la manufacture. Malgré ces difficultés, la manufacture joue un rôle central dans le renouveau de la tapisserie. Si les progrès sont lents à émerger en raison de la nature même du fonctionnement des Gobelins, ils donnent une impulsion formidable à l’industrie privée grâce à son intense activité intellectuelle et artistique et le rayonnement international qu’ils exercent, et ceci malgré les critiques portant sur le choix des modèles. En effet, si les efforts de la manufacture sont justement reconnus, les choix esthétiques sont souvent remis en cause. Ainsi, la seconde partie de cette thèse étudie la politique artistique de chaque administrateur afin de comprendre comment cette dernière se concrétise, et quelles sont les principales lignes de l’action artistique de chacun des administrateurs. Ce travail s’appuie sur un catalogue exhaustif fait de notices approfondies et d’une iconographie abondante, retraçant l’historique des tentures murales en haute lisse et au point noué de Savonnerie réalisées à la manufacture des Gobelins, leurs cartons et maquettes mais aussi d’un nombre important de projets non aboutis, dessinant ainsi le panorama le plus complet sur la création à la manufacture des Gobelins dans les années 1870-1925During the French Third Republic, the four successive administrators of the National Gobelins’ manufactory, Alfred Darcel, Edouard Gerspach, Jules Guiffrey and Gustave Geffroy, sought to give an impulsion, each in his own way, in order to provoke a tapestry revival. The first three administrators seek to rediscover the true nature of tapestry, the principles of which can be discovered by studying the past, in order to give it new vigour in the present and increase its independence from painting. Geffroy, on the contrary, seeks to guide the Gobelins to modernity by imposing the tapestry to follow the paths of painting. This thesis makes understand the artistic creation at the Gobelins’ manufactory during this period of extraordinary activity. It specifies not only the intellectual context and ideas which give its direction to the tapestry revival, but also it takes into consideration the material, institutional and economic conditions of the manufactory. Thus are revealed the imperatives imposed by the material conditions of creation, its organization involving a large number of actors and highly restraining procedures, but, above all, economic means revealed to be in total inadequacy with the goals of the manufacture. Despite these difficulties, through intense intellectual and artistic activity, the manufactory plays a central role in the revival of tapestry. If progress is slow to emerge due to the very nature of the Gobelins' functioning and despite criticism of the choice of models, Gobelins gives a tremendous boost to private industry thanks to the international influence that the manufactory plays into tapestry field. Indeed, if the contemporary critics recognized the efforts of the manufacture to be in the right direction, very often this is not the case for the models. As in most of cases they are still unknown to modern art historians, the second part of this thesis studies the artistic policy of each administrator in order to understand how it was carried out and what were the main lines of the artistic action of each administrator. This work is accompanied of an exhaustive catalog records and images retracing the history of the conception of wall hangings in haute lisse (high-warp loom) and Savonnerie murals woven at the Gobelins’ manufactory and also their cartoons and preparatory models including abandoned projects, thus drawing a most complete panorama on artistic creation at the Gobelins manufactory from 1870 to 1925