Journal articles: '1D engine simulation'

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Gherghina, George, Dragos Laurentiu Popa, and Dragos Tutunea. "Simulation of a Mono Cylindrical Engine with LES Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.347.

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This paper analyzes the numerical research carried out on a single-cylinder research engine. 1D engine simulation tools are widely used to model the combustion and gas flow processes in a four-stroke spark ignited engine. LES software represents a powerful tool for optimization of engine dynamic processes and parameters. The simulation and design of engines can drastically reduce time and costs in automotive industry. 1D advance systems are needed for an effective boosting of the engine. A mono cylindrical spark ignition engine was analyzed to determine the performance and general parameters.

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Thompson, Bradley, and Hwan-Sik Yoon. "Internal Combustion Engine Modeling Framework in Simulink: Gas Dynamics Modeling." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6787408.

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With advancements in computer-aided design, simulation of internal combustion engines has become a vital tool for product development and design innovation. Among the simulation software packages currently available, MATLAB/Simulink is widely used for automotive system simulations, but does not contain a comprehensive engine modeling toolbox. To leverage MATLAB/Simulink’s capabilities, a Simulink-based 1D flow engine modeling framework has been developed. The framework allows engine component blocks to be connected in a physically representative manner in the Simulink environment, reducing model build time. Each component block, derived from physical laws, interacts with other blocks according to block connection. In this Part 1 of series papers, a comprehensive gas dynamics model is presented and integrated in the engine modeling framework based on MATLAB/Simulink. Then, the gas dynamics model is validated with commercial engine simulation software by conducting a simple 1D flow simulation.

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Millo, Federico, Andrea Piano, Benedetta Peiretti Paradisi, Mario Rocco Marzano, Andrea Bianco, and Francesco C. Pesce. "Development and Assessment of an Integrated 1D-3D CFD Codes Coupling Methodology for Diesel Engine Combustion Simulation and Optimization." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071612.

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In this paper, an integrated and automated methodology for the coupling between 1D- and 3D-CFD simulation codes is presented, which has been developed to support the design and calibration of new diesel engines. The aim of the proposed methodology is to couple 1D engine models, which may be available in the early stage engine development phases, with 3D predictive combustion simulations, in order to obtain reliable estimates of engine performance and emissions for newly designed automotive diesel engines. The coupling procedure features simulations performed in 1D-CFD by means of GT-SUITE and in 3D-CFD by means of Converge, executed within a specifically designed calculation methodology. An assessment of the coupling procedure has been performed by comparing its results with experimental data acquired on an automotive diesel engine, considering different working points, including both part load and full load conditions. Different multiple injection schedules have been evaluated for part-load operation, including pre and post injections. The proposed methodology, featuring detailed 3D chemistry modeling, was proven to be capable assessing pollutant formation properly, specifically to estimate NOx concentrations. Soot formation trends were also well-matched for most of the explored working points. The proposed procedure can therefore be considered as a suitable methodology to support the design and calibration of new diesel engines, due to its ability to provide reliable engine performance and emissions estimations from the early stage of a new engine development.

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Kovács, László, and Szilárd Szabó. "Test validated 0D/1D engine model of a swinging valve internal combustion engine." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 11, no. 4 (2021): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2021.4.31.

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In the quest for reaching ever higher power density of IC engines a much simpler solution has been investigated that allows vehicles to reach a comparable power level with cars equipped with turbo charged engines. The new Swinging Valve (SwV) arrangement enables the unhindered gas exchange process through an engine. In this experiment a flow bench was used to examine a normal poppet valve cylinder head and a cylinder head constructed for the same engine but with Swinging Valves. The flow parameters of the original cylinder head were obtained then the SwV head was investigated in the same way. To examine the practical use of a SwV system a 0D/1D engine simulation had been created, first using the engine with conventional cylinder head. That model had been validated with dynamometer tests. After this stage the results of the Swinging Valve flow measurements were fed in the same 0D/1D engine simulation then the results were compared and examined.

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Albrecht, A., V. Knop, G. Corde, L. Simonet, and M. Castagné. "Observer Design for Downsized Gasoline Engine Control Using 1D Engine Simulation." Oil & Gas Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (January 2006): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:2006011x.

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Gong, Xiao Yang, and Rui Chen. "Turbocharger Performance Simulation with Optimized 1D Model." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 692–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.692.

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Turbocharging technique has played a critical role not only for improving automotive engine performance, but also for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions both in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines. In the research described in this paper, a 1D centrifugal compressor model has been developed for simulating turbocharger flow and performance. The model takes into account energy conservation and transfer which includes the losses determined from the compressor geometry. The losses including incident loss, friction loss, clearance loss, backward loss and volute loss were simulated by the thermodynamics model, rather than from the characteristic performance curves obtained experimentally. The proposed model was validated against experimental data and it showed simulating and experimental results are in very good agreement at three different rotational speeds, in particular near the surge line, though the deviation begins to increase as mass flow rate goes up. With current results, it has suggested the proposal is suitable for predicting the compressor performance curves such as outlet pressure, efficiency and losses for any centrifugal compressor. In addition, surge line obtained from the simulation result can be used to define stable operation range.

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Adsul, Pranita, Vinod Kotebavi, Sanjeev Bedekar, and Ashwini Mishra. "A Simulation study of cooling system for heavy duty diesel engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817202002.

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The main function of the cooling system is to control the temperature of the engine components and improve the performance of an engine. To know the flow and temperature distribution in the jacket cooling system for 6 cylinder diesel engine is analyzed using 1 dimensional method by using GT-Suite 1D simulation software package. The present work employs 1D simulation of water jacket in GT-ISE to perform a comprehensive study of mass-flow and thermal distribution over the inlet of the cooling package of a selected engine in several steady state operating points. The results show, that the suggested predictive method successfully captures the thermal effect of recirculation while reducing the necessity for calibration done by prototype testing.

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Buitkamp, Thomas, Michael Günthner, Florian Müller, and Tim Beutler. "A detailed study of a cylinder activation concept by efficiency loss analysis and 1D simulation." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 4, 2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00070-1.

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Abstract Cylinder deactivation is a well-known measure for reducing fuel consumption, especially when applied to gasoline engines. Mostly, such systems are designed to deactivate half of the number of cylinders of the engine. In this study, a new concept is investigated for deactivating only one out of four cylinders of a commercial vehicle diesel engine (“3/4-cylinder concept”). For this purpose, cylinders 2–4 of the engine are operated in “real” 3-cylinder mode, thus with the firing order and ignition distance of a regular 3-cylinder engine, while the first cylinder is only activated near full load, running in parallel to the fourth cylinder. This concept was integrated into a test engine and evaluated on an engine test bench. As the investigations revealed significant improvements for the low-to-medium load region as well as disadvantages for high load, an extensive numerical analysis was carried out based on the experimental results. This included both 1D simulation runs and a detailed cylinder-specific efficiency loss analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, further steps for optimizing the concept were derived and studied by numerical calculations. As a result, it can be concluded that the 3/4-cylinder concept may provide significant improvements of real-world fuel economy when integrated as a drive unit into a tractor.

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Marinoni, Andrea, Matteo Tamborski, Tarcisio Cerri, Gianluca Montenegro, Gianluca D’Errico, Angelo Onorati, Emanuele Piatti, and Enrico Ernesto Pisoni. "0D/1D Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Modeling Tools for the Simulation of Driving Cycles and the Optimization of IC Engine Performances and Emissions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 8125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178125.

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The prediction of internal combustion engine performance and emissions in real driving conditions is getting more and more important due to the upcoming stricter regulations. This work aims at introducing and validating a new transient simulation methodology of an ICE coupled to a hybrid architecture vehicle, getting closer to real-time calculations. A one-dimensional computational fluid dynamic software has been used and suitably coupled to a vehicle dynamics model in a user function framework integrated within a Simulink® environment. A six-cylinder diesel engine has been modeled by means of the 1D tool and cylinder-out emissions have been compared to experimental data. The measurements available have been used also to calibrate the combustion model. The developed 1D engine model has been then used to perform driving cycle simulations considering the vehicle dynamics and the coupling with the energy storage unit in the hybrid mode. The map-based approach along with the vehicle simulation tool has also been used to perform the same simulation and the two results are compared to evaluate the accuracy of each approach. In this framework, to achieve the best simulation performance in terms of computational time over simulated time ratio, the 1D engine model has been used in a configuration with a very coarse mesh. Results have shown that despite the high mesh spacing used the accuracy of the wave dynamics prediction was not affected in a significant way, whereas a remarkable speed-up factor was achieved. This means that a crank angle resolution approach to the vehicle simulation is a viable and accurate strategy to predict the engine emission during any driving cycle with a computation effort compatible with the tight schedule of a design process.

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Lin, Chen, Xian Zhou Wang, Xi Chen, and Zhi Guo Zhang. "Improve the Free-Piston Stirling Engine Design with High Order Analysis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1991.

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Stirling engine is a heat engine which is enclosed a fixed quantity of permanently gaseous fluid as the working fluid. The free-piston Stirling engine is noted for its high efficiency, quiet operation, long life without maintenance in ten years and the ease with which it can use almost any heat source. Stirling cycle analysis method has been successfully applied to improve the free-piston Stirling engine design by its step-by-step development on order. This study presents the development and application of Stirling cycle analysis method. Discussions about use of multi-dimension CFD software simulating free piston Stirling engine when there’s not any available experimental data for its design will provide. Since it needs less computing resource and time to get 1D simulation results with some accuracy, the application of multi-dimension CFD could be very helpful to improve accuracy of 1D result with the details of the different simplified model parameters used in 1D model. The research demonstrates that with the combination of high order Stirling cycle analysis method, the design of the free-piston Stirling engine with the aid of numerical method could be much more effectively and accurately.

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MIZUNO, Takahiro, Ryuki TSUJI, and Toshio FUJIMURA. "514 Fuel Efficiency Prediction of SI Engine with 1D Simulation." Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2016.65 (2016): _514–1_—_514–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2016.65._514-1_.

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Mohiuddin, A. K. M., Md Ataur Rahman, and Yap Haw Shin. "Application of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) for Design Optimization of Valve Timing at Various Engine Speeds." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1719.

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This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Optimization and its practical application on the automobile engine valve timing where the variation of performance parameters required for finest tuning to obtain the optimal engine performances. The primary concern is to acquire the clear picture of the implementation of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm and the essential of variable valve timing effects on the engine performances in various engine speeds. Majority of the research works in this project were in CAE software environment and method to implement optimization to 1D engine simulation. The paper conducts robust design optimization of CAMPRO 1.6L (S4PH) engine valve timing at various engine speeds using multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) for the future variable valve timing (VVT) system research and development. This paper involves engine modelling in 1D software simulation environment, GT-Power. The GT-Power model is run simultaneously with mode Frontier to perform multiobjective optimization.

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Ispir, Ali Can, Pedro Miguel Gonçalves, and Bayindir H. Saracoglu. "Analysis of a combined cycle propulsion system for STRATOFLY hypersonic vehicle over an extended trajectory." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930403001.

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Hypersonic civil aviation is an important enabler for extremely shorter flight durations for long-haul routes and using unexploited flight altitudes. Combined cycle engine concepts providing extended flight capabilities, i.e. propelling the aircraft from take-off to hypersonic speeds, are proposed to achieve high-speed civil air transportation. STRATOFLY project is a continuation of former European efforts in hypersonic research and aims at developing a commercial reusablevehicle for cruise speed of Mach 8 at stratospheric altitudes as high as 35 km above ground level. The propulsion plant of STRATOFLY aircraft consists of combination of two different type of engines: an array of air turbo rockets and a dualmode ramjet/scramjet. In the present study, 1D transient thermodynamic simulations for this combined cycle propulsion plant have been conducted between Mach 0 to 8 by utilizing 1D inviscid flow transport relations, numerical tools availablein EcosimPro software platform and the European Space Propulsion System Simulation libraries. The optimized engine parameters are achieved by coupling EcosimPro software with Computer Aided Design Optimization which is a differential evolution algorithm developed at the von Karman Institute.

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Park, Youngjoon, Taejoon Park, and Chang-Eon Lee. "Development of 1D Simulation Model for a New Type Rotary Engine Using GT-POWER." Transaction of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2021.29.1.011.

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Goeing, Jan, Hendrik Seehausen, Vladislav Pak, Sebastian Lueck, Joerg R. Seume, and Jens Friedrichs. "Influence of combined compressor and turbine deterioration on the overall performance of a jet engine using RANS simulation and Pseudo Bond Graph approach." Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 4 (December 22, 2020): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/131109.

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In this study, numerical models are used to analyse the influence of isolated component deterioration as well as the combination of miscellaneous deteriorated components on the transient performance of a high-bypass jet engine. For this purpose, the aerodynamic impact of major degradation effects in a high-pressure compressor (HPC) and turbine (HPT) is modelled and simulated by using 3D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The impact on overall jet engine performance is then modelled using an 1D Reduced Order Model (ROM). Initially, the HPC performance is investigated with a typical level of roughness on vanes and blades and the HPT performance with an increasing tip clearance. Subsequently, the overall performance of the jet engines with the isolated and combined deteriorated domains is computed by the in-house 1D performance tool ASTOR (AircraftEngine Simulation for Transient Operation Research). Degradations have a significant influence on the system stability and transient effects. In ASTOR, a system of differential equations including the equations of motion and further ordinary differential equations is solved. Compared to common ROMs, this enables a higher degree of accuracy. The results of temperature downstream of the high-pressure compressor and low-pressure turbine as well as the specific fuel composition and the HP rotational speed are used to estimate the degree and type of engine deterioration. However, the consideration of the system stability is necessary to analyse the characterisation in more detail. Finally, a simplified model which merges two engines with individual deteriorated domains into one combined deteriorated engine, is proposed. The simplified model predicts the performance of an engine which has been simulated with combined deteriorated components.

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Wurzenberger, Johann C., Roland Wanker, Ales Schuemie, Reinhard Tatschl, and Johann Krammer. "OS-D1: A Simulation Framework for 0D Engine Combustion and Pollutant Formation Combined with 1D Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment : Control of Gasoline Engine Emissions During Drive-Cycle(OS-D Advanced engine simulation (prediction of performance & emissions, transient simulation),Organized Session Papers)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2008.7 (2008): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2008.7.105.

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Tian, Feng, Guo Feng Ren, Bin Yan, Guo Qiang Ao, and Lin Yang. "Optimization of Hybrid Turbocharger Applied on Common Rail Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.84.

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Turbocharger is an effective technique to achieve higher thermal efficiency reduced emissions. And hybrid turbocharger is proven to be a promising technique to eliminate the well-known 'turbo-lag' effect of the turbocharger. In this paper, a global optimization of hybrid turbocharger technique with variable geometry turbine and exhaust gas recirculation was carried out. The diesel engine was modeled by GT-SUITE software, which is a 1D simulation environment. Moreover, a dynamic programming based optimizer, which was developed in Simulink, was integrated with the diesel engine model. Simulations results show that the optimized parameters can improve the engine fuel economy significantly under Chinese typical urban driving cycle.

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Nola, Francesco de, Giovanni Giardiello, Alfredo Gimelli, Andrea Molteni, Massimiliano Muccillo, Roberto Picariello, and Diego Tornese. "Reduction of the experimental effort in engine calibration by using neural networks and 1D engine simulation." Energy Procedia 148 (August 2018): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.087.

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Ma, Zhi Hao, Xiao Pei Chen, Ding Wei Gao, and Bin Xu. "The CFD Analysis of Exhaust Runner for GW15 Gasoline Engine." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.326.

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In order to improve GW15 gasoline engine’s power and economy, AVL BOOST/FIRE software has been applied to the simulation of the engine’s one-dimensional and coupled 1D-3D simulation. First, optimal length of exhaust runner was obtained by simulation with BOOST, and proposed two types of structures schemes. Then, the better one was selected for BOOST and FIRE coupling in order to further optimize the exhaust runner according to the numerical simulation results. Finally, the engine performances were verified through experiment. The results indicate that both the engine’s maximal torque and maximal power increase, specific fuel consumption decreases.

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Galindo, José, Héctor Climent, Joaquín de la Morena, David González-Domínguez, Stéphane Guilain, and Thomas Besançon. "Experimental and modeling analysis on the optimization of combined VVT and EGR strategies in turbocharged direct-injection gasoline engines with VNT." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 10-11 (March 19, 2021): 2843–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09544070211004502.

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The combination of a growing number of complex technologies in internal combustion engines (ICE) is commonplace, due to the need of complying with the tight pollutant regulations and achieving high efficiencies. Hence the work of calibration engineers is led by a constant increase in degrees of freedom in ICE design. In this research work, a wide analysis on the optimization of combined variable valve timing (VVT) and exhaust gases recirculation (EGR) strategies is developed, in order to reduce fuel consumption in a EURO 6 1.3l 4-stroke 4-cylinder, gasoline, turbocharged, direct-injection engine, also equipped with a variable nozzle turbine (VNT). For that purpose, a methodology which combines 1D engine simulations with limited experimental work was applied. First, the data from 25 experimental tests distributed into three steady engine operating conditions was used to calibrate a 1D model. Then, modeling parametric studies were performed to optimize VVT and EGR parameters. A total of 150 cases were simulated for each operating point, in which VVT settings and EGR rate were varied at iso-air mass flow and iso-intake manifold temperature. The optimization was based on finding the configuration of VVT and EGR systems which maximizes the indicated efficiency. All different cases modeled were also evaluated in terms of pumping and heat losses. Moreover, a deep assessment of instantaneous pressure traces and mass flows in intake and exhaust valves was given, to provide insights about the optimization procedure. Finally, the findings obtained by simulation were compared with the results from a design of experiments (DOE) composed of more than 300 tests, and the impact on engine fuel consumption was analyzed.

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Millo, Federico, Fabrizio Gullino, and Luciano Rolando. "Methodological Approach for 1D Simulation of Port Water Injection for Knock Mitigation in a Turbocharged DISI Engine." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174297.

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In the upcoming years, more challenging CO2 emission targets along with the introduction of more severe Real Driving Emissions limits are expected to foster the development and the exploitation of innovative technologies to further improve the efficiency of automotive Spark Ignition (SI) engines. Among these technologies, Water Injection (WI), thanks to its knock mitigation capabilities, can represent a valuable solution, although it may significantly increase the complexity of engine design and calibration. Since, to tackle such a complexity, reliable virtual development tools seem to be mandatory, this paper aims to describe a quasi-dimensional approach to model a Port Water Injection (PWI) system integrated in a Turbocharged Direct Injection Spark Ignition (T-DISI) engine. Through a port-puddling model calibrated with 3D-CFD data, the proposed methodology was proven to be able to properly replicate transient phenomena of water wall film formation, catching cycle by cycle the amount of water that enters into the cylinder and is therefore available for knock mitigation. Moreover, when compared with experimental measurements under steady state operating conditions, this method showed good capabilities to predict the impact of the water content on the combustion process and on the knock occurrence likelihood.

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Ahmed, Salman Abdu, Song Zhou, Yuanqing Zhu, Yongming Feng, Adil Malik, and Naseem Ahmad. "Influence of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emission of CI Engine Fuelled with Butanol-Diesel Using a 1D GT-Power Model." Processes 7, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050299.

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Injection timing variations have a significant effect on the performance and pollutant formation in diesel engines. Numerical study was conducted to investigate the impact of injection timing on engine performance and pollutants in a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Diesel fuel with different amounts (5%, 15%, and 25% by volume) of n-butanol was used. Simulations were performed at four distinct injection timings (5°, 10°, 20°, 25°CA bTDC) and two distinct loads of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP = 4.5 bar and 10.5 bar) at constant engine speed (1800 rpm) using the GT-Power computational simulation package. The primary objective of this research is to determine the optimum injection timing and optimum blending ratio for improved efficiencies and reduced emissions. Notable improvements in engine performance and pollutant trends were observed for butanol-diesel blends. The addition of butanol to diesel fuel has greatly diminished NOX and CO pollutants but it elevated HC and CO2 emissions. Retarded injection timing decreased NOX and CO2 pollutants while HC and CO2 emissions increased. The results also indicated that early injection timings (20°CA bTDC and 25°CA bTDC) lowered both CO2 and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Moreover, advanced injection timing slightly improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all engine loads. It is concluded that retarded injection timing, i.e., 10°CA bTDC demonstrated optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emissions and among the fuels 15B showed good outcome with regard to BTE, higher heat release rate, and lower pollution of HC, CO, and NOx.

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Montenegro, G., A. Della Torre, A. Onorati, and R. Fairbrother. "A Nonlinear Quasi-3D Approach for the Modeling of Mufflers with Perforated Elements and Sound-Absorbing Material." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2013 (January 14, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/546120.

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Increasing demands on the capabilities of engine thermo-fluid dynamic simulation and the ability to accurately predict both performance and acoustics have led to the development of several approaches, ranging from fully 3D to simplified 1D models. The quasi-3D approach is proposed as a compromise between the time-demanding 3D CFD analysis and the fast 1D approach; it allows to model the acoustics of intake and exhaust system components, used in internal combustion engines, resorting to a 3D network of 0D cells. Due to its 3D nature, the model predicts high-order modes, improving the accuracy at high frequencies with respect to conventional plane-wave approaches. The conservation equations of mass and energy are solved at cell centers, whereas the momentum equation is applied to cell connections including specific source term to account for the of sound-absorbing materials and perforated elements. The quasi-3D approach has been validated by comparing the predicted transmission loss to measured data for a number of standard configurations typical of internal combustion engine exhaust systems: a reverse-flow chamber and series chambers with perforates and resistive material.

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Ling, C. H., and M. A. Abas. "One-Dimensional Simulation Using Port Water Injection for a Spark Ignition Engine." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 5803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.15.4.2018.7.0444.

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Water injection is a promising solution to reduce fuel consumption while improving the performance of a turbocharged gasoline engine. One-dimensional (1D) engine simulation software, AVL BOOST is rarely used to model water injection. Therefore, this study is aimed to demonstrate the detailed port water injection modelling via AVL BOOST. A four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engine was developed in AVL BOOST based on the specification of the engine test rig and verified to be used as the baseline model. The port water injection modelling was then added to the baseline model. Water to fuel mass ratios of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 were chosen as the variables to investigate the effect of water injection on the engine performance. The results showed that maximum engine torque and IMEP increased by 10.80% and 8.65%, respectively at 3000 rpm. The water injection also reduced the in-cylinder pressure at the end of the compression stroke, reducing the compression work and improving efficiency. The reduction of combustion temperature also indicates potential for NOx reduction. The lower exhaust temperature can reduce the use of fuel enrichment which consequently reduces the fuel consumption. Conclusively, the water injection model can predict the engine performance parameters accurately.

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Baek, Seungju, Seungchul Woo, Youngkun Kim, and Kihyung Lee. "Prediction of turbocharged diesel engine performance equipped with an electric supercharger using 1D simulation." Energy 185 (October 2019): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.060.

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Zhang, Lingling, Liang Liu, Xiangbin Zhu, and Zhaoping Xu. "An Electric Load Simulator for Engine Camless Valvetrains." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 17, 2019): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081591.

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Camless valvetrains have become a promising direction to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. In this paper, an electric load simulator is proposed to simulate and implement gas force on the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains under semi-physical conditions. According to test data, the 1D gas-dynamic model was established to get boundary conditions and initial values for 3D finite element simulation. The 3D finite element simulation model was solved to obtain the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains. The electromagnetic actuator was designed according to the system scheme and performance requirements of the electric load simulator. The PID (Proportion Integration Differentiation) algorithm was designed to control the output force of the electric load simulator and reproduce the gas force characteristics of the exhaust valve. It was found that the output force of the electric load simulator could follow the variation of the target gas force and meet the performance requirements of the electric load simulator based on simulation results and experimental results.

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Tadros, Mina, Manuel Ventura, and C. Guedes Soares. "Optimization of the Performance of Marine Diesel Engines to Minimize the Formation of SOx Emissions." Journal of Marine Science and Application 19, no. 3 (September 2020): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11804-020-00156-0.

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Abstract Optimization procedures are required to minimize the amount of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from marine engines. This study discusses the procedures to optimize the performance of any marine engine implemented in a 0D/1D numerical model in order to achieve lower values of exhaust emissions. From that point, an extension of previous simulation researches is presented to calculate the amount of SOx emissions from two marine diesel engines along their load diagrams based on the percentage of sulfur in the marine fuel used. The variations of SOx emissions are computed in g/kW·h and in parts per million (ppm) as functions of the optimized parameters: brake specific fuel consumption and the amount of air-fuel ratio respectively. Then, a surrogate model-based response surface methodology is used to generate polynomial equations to estimate the amount of SOx emissions as functions of engine speed and load. These developed non-dimensional equations can be further used directly to assess the value of SOx emissions for different percentages of sulfur of the selected or similar engines to be used in different marine applications.

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Kolias, Ioannis, Alexios Alexiou, Nikolaos Aretakis, and Konstantinos Mathioudakis. "Axial Compressor Mean-Line Analysis: Choking Modelling and Fully-Coupled Integration in Engine Performance Simulations." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 6, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp6010004.

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A mean-line compressor performance calculation method is presented that covers the entire operating range, including the choked region of the map. It can be directly integrated into overall engine performance models, as it is developed in the same simulation environment. The code materializing the model can inherit the same interfaces, fluid models, and solvers, as the engine cycle model, allowing consistent, transparent, and robust simulations. In order to deal with convergence problems when the compressor operates close to or within the choked operation region, an approach to model choking conditions at blade row and overall compressor level is proposed. The choked portion of the compressor characteristics map is thus numerically established, allowing full knowledge and handling of inter-stage flow conditions. Such choking modelling capabilities are illustrated, for the first time in the open literature, for the case of multi-stage compressors. Integration capabilities of the 1D code within an overall engine model are demonstrated through steady state and transient simulations of a contemporary turbofan layout. Advantages offered by this approach are discussed, while comparison of using alternative approaches for representing compressor performance in overall engine models is discussed.

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Sabau, Adrian. "Pressure Waves Simulation in Diesel Engine Injection System." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.477.

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The aim of this study is to present a mathematical model for the wave pressure in the Diesel injection system. The method of characteristics and the finite difference method have been used to solve the governing equations. Recent studies show that finite difference method is superior to the method of characteristics concerning computation time and nonlinearity. The injection process of a high-speed Diesel engine was studied in detail, using an original computer program developed in MATLAB. The governing equations are solved by the use of the finite difference method with central pattern at space coordinate in combination with the separation of flux vector. The fuel injection system is divided into pump, pipe and nozzle component to model the entire system. When forming equations of continuity and motion the following assumptions are considered: all the equations have 1D spatial resolution, temperature change due to pressure and time during the cycle is not considered, the vapors pressure of the fuel is small compared to the level of the pressure injection system, it is assumed that cavitation will not occur and elastic deformation in the injection system is not considered. The experiment is carried out to measure the fuel consumption, in-cylinder pressure, the fuel injection pipe pressure near the injection valve and needle lift for several regimes of the working domain of a Diesel engine. The experimental set-up includes a 4 stroke cycle 4 cylinder Diesel engine T684 made by Tractorul Brasov Romania. Simulations show satisfactory results, in principal for regime of low speed, for regime of high speed it is important to take into account cavitation and the elasticity of the component; but improvements are possible. Since the models are developed for certain conditions it was not expected to be valid for all working conditions. Targets for further research related to the present work is to improve the model attaching submodels for cavitation and elasticity of the component

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Qiao, Yuan, Xucheng Duan, Kaisheng Huang, Yizhou Song, and Jianan Qian. "Scavenging Ports’ Optimal Design of a Two-Stroke Small Aeroengine Based on the Benson/Bradham Model." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 2739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102739.

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The two-stroke engine is a common power source for small and medium-sized unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), which has wide civil and military applications. To improve the engine performance, we chose a prototype two-stroke small areoengine, and optimized the geometric parameters of the scavenging ports by performing one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupling simulations. The prototype engine is tested on a dynamometer to measure in-cylinder pressure curves, as a reference for subsequent simulations. A GT Power simulation model is established and validated against experimental data to provide initial conditions and boundary conditions for the subsequent AVL FIRE simulations. Four parameters are considered as optimal design factors in this research: Tilt angle of the central scavenging port, tilt angle of lateral scavenging ports, slip angle of lateral scavenging ports, and width ratio of the central scavenging port. An evaluation objective function based on the Benson/Bradham model is selected as the optimization goal. Two different operating conditions, including the take-off and cruise of the UAV are considered. The results include: (1) Orthogonal experiments are analyzed, and the significance of parameters are discussed; (2) the best factors combination is concluded, followed by simulation verification; (3) results before and after optimization are compared in details, including specific scavenging indexes (delivery ratio, trapping efficiency, scavenging efficiency, etc.), conventional performance indicators, and the sectional views of gas composition distribution inside the cylinder.

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Monsalve-Serrano, Javier, Giacomo Belgiorno, Gabriele Di Blasio, and María Guzmán-Mendoza. "1D Simulation and Experimental Analysis on the Effects of the Injection Parameters in Methane–Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 3734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143734.

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Notwithstanding the policies that move towards electrified powertrains, the transportation sector mainly employs internal combustion engines as the primary propulsion system. In this regard, for medium- to heavy-duty applications, as well as for on- and off-road applications, diesel engines are preferred because of the better efficiency, lower CO2, and greater robustness compared to spark-ignition engines. Due to its use at a large scale, the internal combustion engines as a source of energy depletion and pollutant emissions must further improved. In this sense, the adoption of alternative combustion concepts using cleaner fuels than diesel (e.g., natural gas, ethanol and methanol) presents a viable solution for improving the efficiency and emissions of the future powertrains. Particularly, the methane–diesel dual-fuel concept represents a possible solution for compression ignition engines because the use of the low-carbon methane fuel, a main constituent of natural gas, as primary fuel significantly reduces the CO2 emissions compared to conventional liquid fuels. Nonetheless, other issues concerning higher total hydrocarbon (THC) and CO emissions, mainly at low load conditions, are found. To minimize this issue, this research paper evaluates, through a new and alternative approach, the effects of different engine control parameters, such as rail pressure, pilot quantity, start of injection and premixed ratio in terms of efficiency and emissions, and compared to the conventional diesel combustion mode. Indeed, for a deeper understanding of the results, a 1-Dimensional spray model is used to model the air-fuel mixing phenomenon in response to the variations of the calibration parameters that condition the subsequent dual-fuel combustion evolution. Specific variation settings, in terms of premixed ratio, injection pressure, pilot quantity and combustion phasing are proposed for further efficiency improvements.

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Ogunbo, Jide Nosakare, Jie Zhang, and Xiong Zhang. "Transient electromagnetic search engine for real-time imaging." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): E277—E285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0636.1.

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To image the resistivity distribution of the subsurface, transient electromagnetic (TEM) surveying has been established as an effective geophysical method. Conventionally, an inversion method is applied to resolve the model parameters from the available measurements. However, significant time and effort are involved in preparing and executing an inversion and this prohibits its use as a real-time decision-making tool to optimize surveying in the field. We have developed a search engine method to find approximate 1D resistivity model solutions for circular central-loop configuration TEM data in real time. The search engine method is a concept used for query searches from large databases on the Internet. By extension, approximate solutions to any input TEM data can be found rapidly by searching a preestablished database. This database includes a large number of forward simulation results that represent the possible model solutions. The database size is optimized by the survey depth of investigation and the sensitivity analysis of the model layers. The fast-search speed is achieved by using the multiple randomized [Formula: see text]-dimensional tree method. In addition to its high speed in finding solutions, the search engine method provides a solution space that quantifies the resolutions and uncertainties of the results. We apply the search engine method to find 1D model solutions at different data points and then interpolate them to a pseudo-2D resistivity model. We tested the method with synthetic and real data.

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Pan, Xuewei, Yinghua Zhao, Diming Lou, and Liang Fang. "Study of the Miller Cycle on a Turbocharged DI Gasoline Engine Regarding Fuel Economy Improvement at Part Load." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061500.

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This contribution is focused on the fuel economy improvement of the Miller cycle under part-load characteristics on a supercharged DI (Direct Injection) gasoline engine. Firstly, based on the engine bench test, the effects with the Miller cycle application under 3000 rpm were studied. The results show that the Miller cycle has different extents of improvement on pumping loss, combustion and friction loss. For low, medium and high loads, the brake thermal efficiency of the baseline engine is increased by 2.8%, 2.5% and 2.6%, respectively. Besides, the baseline variable valve timing (VVT) is optimized by the test. Subsequently, the 1D CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model of the Miller cycle engine after the test optimization at the working condition of 3000 rpm and BMEP (Brake Mean Effective Pressure) = 10 bar was established, and the influence of the combined change of intake and exhaust valve timing on Miller cycle was studied by simulation. The results show that as the effect of the Miller cycle deepens, the engine’s knocking tendency decreases, so the ignition timing can be further advanced, and the economy of the engine can be improved. Compared with the brake thermal efficiency of the baseline engine, the final result after simulation optimization is increased from 34.6% to 35.6%, which is an improvement of 2.9%.

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Бойко, Людмила Георгиевна, Александр Евгеньевич Демин, and Наталия Владимировна Пижанкова. "МЕТОД РАСЧЁТА ТЕРМОГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ТУРБОВАЛЬНОГО ГАЗОТУРБИННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОВЕНЦОВОГО ОПИСАНИЯ ЛОПАТОЧНЫХ МАШИН. ЧАСТЬ II. ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СТУПЕНЕЙ И МНОГОСТУПЕНЧАТЫХ КОМПРЕССОРОВ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2019.1.02.

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Gas Turbine Engine (GTE) operating characteristics such as thrust (or power), specific fuel consumption and other cycle parameters on different regimes, can be determined by engine modeling and applying correspondent calculation method. Its accuracy is the function of the engine’s element maps definition precision. So these maps representations influence for engines investigation results significantly. Main points and equation system for engine performances calculation method were represented in Part I of this article. The method gives an opportunity for the flow path thermodynamical parameters and engine integral values analyzing by using multistage axial blade machines blade-to-blade descriptions. The compressor and gas turbine and parameters are getting by special program modules, adding to the engine operating characteristics investigation program complex. These modules use the flow path and cascade middle radius geometrical parameters as the data for calculation. The goal of this article is the representation of the method for axial stages and multistage compressors performances definition. The calculation technique is based on one-dimensional (1D) multistage axial compressor flow description. Proposed 1D flow analysis method allows to get the multistage axial compressor maps taking into account the blade-to-blade gaps flow bleeding and by-pass. The method including is founded on the thermal and gas dynamic equations and turbomachinery theoretical dependences and empirical functions for losses and deviation angles determination. Besides, the representing method allows to calculate gas dynamic parameters, velocity triangles, angles of attack, evaluate their deviations from optimal values, hydraulic losses. Also, it can show accordance of stages working on different regimes, find the stage, which is a reason for compressor instability, and stall margin. This method can be used in GTE mathematic simulation, founded on blade-to-blade description multistage blade machines or also in multistage compressor designing. The proposed method gives the opportunity to control the stator variable vanes stagger angles control and to analyze its influence for stage and multistage compressor gas dynamic parameters and maps.

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Montenegro, G., and A. Onorati. "A Coupled 1D-multiD Nonlinear Simulation of I.C. Engine Silencers with Perforates and Sound-Absorbing Material." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 2, no. 1 (April 20, 2009): 482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0305.

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Cornolti, L., A. Onorati, T. Cerri, G. Montenegro, and F. Piscaglia. "1D simulation of a turbocharged Diesel engine with comparison of short and long EGR route solutions." Applied Energy 111 (November 2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.016.

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Nakamura, Yohei, Kazuyoshi Miyagawa, Yasuo Moriyoshi, and Tatsuya Kuboyama. "Development of turbocharger engine system using 3D and 1D simulation to achieve 50% brake thermal efficiency." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1909, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1909/1/012085.

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Minovski, Blago, Lennart Löfdahl, Jelena Andrić, and Peter Gullberg. "A Coupled 1D–3D Numerical Method for Buoyancy-Driven Heat Transfer in a Generic Engine Bay." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214156.

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Energy efficient vehicles are essential for a sustainable society and all car manufacturers are working on improved energy efficiency in their fleets. In this process, an optimization of aerodynamics and thermal management is most essential. The objective of this work is to improve the energy efficiency using encapsulated heat generating units by focusing on predicting temperature distribution inside an engine bay. The overall objective is to make an estimate of the generated heat inside an encapsulation and consecutively use this heat for climatization purposes. The study presents a detailed numerical procedure for predicting buoyancy-driven flow and resulting natural convection inside a simplified vehicle underhood during thermal soak and cool-down events. The procedure employs a direct coupling of one-dimensional and three-dimensional methods to carry out transient one-dimensional thermal analysis in the engine solids synchronized with sequences of steady-state three-dimensional simulations of the fluid flow. The boundary heat transfer coefficients and averaged fluid temperatures in the boundary cells, computed in the three-dimensional fluid flow model, are provided as input data to the one-dimensional analysis to compute the resulting surface temperatures which are then fed back as updated boundary conditions in the flow simulation. The computed temperatures of the simplified engine and the exhaust manifolds during the thermal soak and cool-down period are in favorable agreement with experimental measurements. The present study illustrates the capabilities of the coupled thermal-flow methodology to conduct accurate and fast computations of buoyancy-driven heat transfer. The methodology can be potentially applied to design and analysis of multiple demand vehicle thermal management systems in hybrid and electrical vehicles.

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Banis, Kārlis. "The Effect of separated Expansion Chamber Parameters on Exhaust Pressure Oscillations in Single Cylinder Motorcycle Engine." Rural Sustainability Research 43, no. 338 (August 1, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2020-0006.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of separated exhaust expansion chamber parameters on pressure oscillations in spark-ignited internal combustion (IC) gasoline engines. It is known that exhaust expansion chambers are becoming increasingly more popular among both – original equipment (OE) and aftermarket equipment (AE) exhaust system manufacturers for performance-oriented motorcycles equipped with mainly single cylinder engines, but the companies are reluctant to reveal any detailed principles of operation of the mentioned expansion chambers. The subject of this research is the type of expansion chamber (separate) as used on performance-oriented motorcycles, particularly its’ effect on exhaust pressure pulsations as different chamber volumes, locations and passage sizes are tested. Time-dependent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out in Solidworks Flow Simulation environment on a simplified exhaust header pipe model imitating engine operation at full load and steady speed. Honda CRF450R motorcycle engine was used as the example and fully defined using a 1D engine performance calculator software to determine the combustion chamber pressure and exhaust valve lift at any given crankshaft position. Volume flow rate of exhaust gasses at the header pipe inlet was calculated based on engine parameters and operating speed. The average pressure values with respect to physical time were measured and graphed across the header pipe inlet cross-section. Eight different header pipe and exhaust expansion chamber combinations were modelled, tested, and results compared at low, medium and high engine speeds. It was found that the presence of exhaust expansion chamber tends to dampen the amplitude and decrease the frequency of pressure oscillations generated at the opening of the exhaust valve(s). Observations show that the addition of an expansion chamber as per design of performance-oriented motorcycles helps to decrease the negative effect of engine tuning while also dampening the positive effect.

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Serrano, J. R., F. J. Arnau, P. Piqueras, A. Onorati, and G. Montenegro. "1D gas dynamic modelling of mass conservation in engine duct systems with thermal contact discontinuities." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 49, no. 5-6 (March 2009): 1078–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2008.03.015.

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Choi, Seung-Mok, Kyoung-Doug Min, and Ki-Doo Kim. "Development of 0D Multizone Combustion Model and Its Coupling with 1D Cycle-Simulation Model for Medium-Sized Direct-Injection Diesel Engine." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2010.34.6.615.

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Bollweg, Peter, and Andre Kaufmann. "Dynamic Burn Rate Modeling for the 1D Simulation of a GDI Engine in Homogeneous and Stratified Operation Mode." SAE International Journal of Engines 1, no. 1 (October 6, 2008): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2393.

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Zhang, Qinguo, Liangfei Xu, Jianqiu Li, and Minggao Ouyang. "Performance prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine thermal management system using 1D and 3D integrating numerical simulation." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 3 (January 2018): 1736–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.088.

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Ko, Eunhee, and Jungsoo Park. "Diesel Mean Value Engine Modeling Based on Thermodynamic Cycle Simulation Using Artificial Neural Network." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142823.

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This study aims to construct a reduced thermodynamic cycle model with high accuracy and high model execution speed based on artificial neural network training for real-time numerical analysis. This paper proposes a method of constructing a fast average-value model by combining a 1D plant model and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control logic. The combustion model of the detailed model uses a direct-injection diesel multi-pulse (DI-pulse) method similar to diesel combustion characteristics. The DI-pulse combustion method divides the volume of the cylinder into three zones, predicting combustion- and emission-related variables, and each combustion step comprises different correction variables. This detailed model is estimated to be within 5% of the reference engine test results. To reduce the analysis time while maintaining the accuracy of engine performance prediction, the cylinder volumetric efficiency and the exhaust gas temperature were predicted using an artificial neural network. Owing to the lack of input variables in the training of artificial neural networks, it was not possible to predict the 0.6–0.7 range for volumetric efficiency and the 1000–1200 K range for exhaust gas temperature. This is because the mean value model changes the fuel injection method from the common rail fuel injection mode to the single injection mode in the model reduction process and changes the in-cylinder combustion according to the injection timing of the fuel amount injected. In addition, the mean value model combined with EGR logic, i.e., the single-input single-output (SISO) coupled mean value model, verifies the accuracy and responsiveness of the EGR control logic model through a step-transient process. By comparing the engine performance results of the SISO coupled mean value model with those of the mean value model, it is observed that the SISO coupled mean value model achieves the desired target EGR rate within 10 s. The EGR rate is predicted to be similar to the response of volumetric efficiency. This process intuitively predicted the main performance parameters of the engine model through artificial neural networks.

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Lang, Marcel, Thomas Koch, Torsten Eggert, Robin Schifferdecker, and John P. Watson. "A holistic consideration of turbocharger heat transfer analysis and advanced turbocharging modeling methodology in a 1D engine process simulation context." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (May 27, 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00062-1.

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da Silva Trindade, Wagner Roberto, and Rogério Gonçalves dos Santos. "1D modeling of SI engine using n-butanol as fuel: Adjust of fuel properties and comparison between measurements and simulation." Energy Conversion and Management 157 (February 2018): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.003.

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Akgül, Volkan, Orkun Özener, Cihan Büyük, and Muammer Özkan. "Numerical Investigation and Multi-Objective Optimization of Internal EGR and Post-Injection Strategies on the Combustion, Emission and Performance of a Single Cylinder, Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010015.

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This work presents a numerical study that investigates the optimum post-injection strategy and internal exhaust gas recirculation (iEGR) application with intake valve re-opening (2IVO) aiming to optimize the brake specific nitric oxide (bsNO) and brake specific soot (bsSoot) trade-off with reasonable brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) via 1D engine cycle simulation. For model validation, single and post-injection test results obtained from a heavy-duty single cylinder diesel research engine were used. Then, the model was modified for 2IVO application. Following the simulations performed based on Latin hypercube DoE; BSFC, bsNO and bsSoot response surfaces trained by feedforward neural network were generated as a function of the injection (start of main injection, post-injection quantity, post-injection dwell time) and iEGR (2IVO dwell) parameters. After examining the effect of each parameter on pollutant emission and engine performance, multi-objective pareto optimization was performed to obtain pareto optimum solutions in the BSFC-bsNO-bsSoot space for 8.47 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) load and 1500 rpm speed condition. The results show that iEGR and post-injection can significantly reduce NO and soot emissions, respectively. The soot oxidation capability of post-injection comes out only if it is not too close to the main injection and its efficiency and effective timing are substantially affected by iEGR rate and main injection timing. It could also be inferred that by the combination of iEGR and post-injection, NO and soot could be reduced simultaneously with a reasonable increase in BSFC if start of main injection is phased properly.

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Liu, Ying, Alexandr Kuznetsov, and Bowen Sa. "Simulation and Analysis of the Impact of Cylinder Deactivation on Fuel Saving and Emissions of a Medium-Speed High-Power Diesel Engine." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 7603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167603.

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The potential benefit of cylinder deactivation (CDA) on power and emission performances has been numerically investigated on a locomotive 16-cylinder diesel engine. A 1D model combined with a predictive friction model and a 3D combustion model based and validated on experimental data have been developed to simulate engine working processes by deactivating half of the cylinders by cutting off the fuel supply and maintaining/cutting off valve motions. The results demonstrate that CDA with the valves closed decreases the BSFC by 11% at 450 rpm and by 14% at 556 rpm with a load of 1000 N∙m, due to increased indicated efficiency and reduced mechanical losses. After deactivating cylinders, frictional losses of piston rings increase in the active cylinders because of the raised gas pressure and the lubricating oil temperature decrease. Friction losses of the main bearings and big-end connecting rod bearings decrease due to the overall load drop. In comparison with the normal operation, CDA with the valves closed decreases the BSCO emission by 75.26% and the BSsoot emission by 62.9%. As the EGR rate is 30%, CDA with the valves closed effectively reduces the BSNOx emission to 4.2 g/(kW·h) at the cost of a 0.8% increase in the BSFC and without the rise in the BSCO emission.

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Muccillo, M., and A. Gimelli. "Experimental development, 1D CFD simulation and energetic analysis of a 15 kw micro-CHP unit based on reciprocating internal combustion engine." Applied Thermal Engineering 71, no. 2 (October 2014): 760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.11.025.

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Baratta, Mirko, Roberto Finesso, Hamed Kheshtinejad, Daniela Misul, Ezio Spessa, Yixin Yang, and Massimo Arcidiacono. "Use of an Innovative Predictive Heat Release Model Combined to a 1D Fluid-Dynamic Model for the Simulation of a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine." SAE International Journal of Engines 6, no. 3 (September 8, 2013): 1566–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-24-0012.

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Journal articles on the topic '1D engine simulation'

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