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FIRMINO, A. V. "QUALIDADE DA MADEIRA DE ANDIROBA EM FLORESTA DE TERRA FIRME E VÁRZEA DA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/7640.
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-29O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira de andiroba (Carapa guianensis) proveniente de floresta de terra firme e de floresta de várzea, por meio da caracterização do lenho juvenil e adulto e a cor da madeira. Para tanto foram colhidas oito árvores provenientes da reserva extrativista do Rio Cajari, situada no sul do estado do Amapá, sendo quatro provenientes de floresta de terra firme e quatro de floresta de várzea. Do tronco de cada árvore foi retirado um disco acima da região que finalizava as raízes adventícias para a caracterização no sentido medula - casca da morfologia das fibras e vasos, o ângulo das microfibrilas, a densidade básica e as contrações volumétricas e fator anisotrópico. A cor da madeira foi avaliada pelos parâmetros colorimétricos do sistema CIEL*a*b (1976). O comprimento da fibra foi a propriedade mas adequada para delimitação da transição entre os lenhos juvenil e adulto para todas as árvores de andiroba. Não ocorreu diferença significativa entre a proporção de lenho juvenil entre árvores de andirobas provenientes de floresta de terra firme e de floresta de várzea. As propriedades do lenho juvenil foram mais inferiores ao lenho adulto para a madeira em ambos os ambientes. A madeira de andiroba foi caracterizada pela coloração marrom - claro, tanto nas árvores oriundas de floresta de terra firme quanto na de várzea. A madeira de andiroba proveniente da floresta de várzea apresentou maior claridade e tonalidade amarela do que a de floresta de terra firme. A densidade básica e a morfologia das fibras e vasos tiveram influência na determinação da cor da madeira de andiroba.
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Lindberg, Erik. "1:2:3:4." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169058.
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Mitt examensprojekt är en experimentell undersökning av proportionalitet som vägledande princip i den arkitektoniska formgivningprocessen. Proportionslära ansågs länge vara en viktig del av arkitekturämnet, men är idag mest något som hör arkitekturhistorien till. Det ursprungligen matematiska begreppet proportionalitet har utvidgats men i och med det också urvattnats. Euklides definierar det så här: en första storhet förhåller sig till en andra storhet så som den andra storheten förhåller sig till en tredje. En gång i tiden ansågs en byggnads skönhet och dess proportionerliga förhållande delar och helhet emellan, vara direkt sammankopplade. Palladio skriver t.ex: ”(...) i fråga om alla byggnader är (det) nödvändigt, att alla deras delar överensstämma med varandra och hava sådana proportioner att det ej finns någon av dem, varmed man icke skulle kunna mäta det hela och även var och en av de andra delarna(...). Inom detta sätt att tänka är skönhet och proportion sammankopplade med det musikteoretiska harmonibegreppet, dvs hur olika toner samspelar på ett enhetligt vis. Med tiden har proportionsbegreppet utvidgats och vi kan idag tala om hur exempelvis en fasad är proportionerligt komponerad eller ej, och detta utan att analysera dess matematiska egenskaper. Istället hänvisar vi till saker som upplevd av balans mellan byggnadsdelar. Här tjänar proportionsbegreppet väl som liknelse. Men det har samtidigt skett en betydelseförskjutning som inte på något sätt berikar vår förståelse av arkitektur. Proportion används idag som en synonym till ”talförhållande”, vilket som helst. Det är inte bara allmänt vedertaget att prata om exempelvis ett ”fönsters proportioner” när man syftar till förhållandet mellan dess höjd och bredd, jag upplever att detta språkbruk även vara utbrett inom arkitektkåren. Mig veterligen så finns det ingen rektangel förutom den ”gyllene” som i sig är proportionerlig (Den gyllene rektangelns kortsida förhåller sig till dess långsida så som långsidan förhåller sig till långsidan + kortsidan).Jag ser att, det i min mening urvattnade proportionsbegreppet har lett till en del missförstånd och fördomar om vad proportioner handlar om. Att det enbart skulle handla om en uppsättning normer där vissa talförhållanden helt godtyckligt har premierats framför andra. I detta sammanhang är det lätt att förstå den skepsis många arkitekter känner inför proportionsläror. Varför ska man lita på förutbestämda regler framför att lita på sin egen intuition?I mitt arbete har jag mer och mer förstått att olika talförhållanden samspelar mer eller mindre bra med varandra. Att de besitter vissa egenskaper och på olika sätt är ”besläktade” med varandra. Jag har använt beprövade förhållanden och hittat vad jag faktiskt tror är nya harmonier. Även om jag vågar påstå mig ha ritat en till hög grad både proportionerlig och harmonisk byggnad så är förstås kvaliteterna i dessa proportioner och harmonier öppna för diskussion.My degree project is an experimental examination of proportionality as a guiding principle in the architectural design process. proportioning was long considered to be an important part of the architecture of the subject, but today is the most thing of architectural history to. It originally mathematical concept of proportionality has been extended but with it too watered down. Euclid defines it like this: a first magnitude is related to a second magnitude as the other entity is related to a third. At one time it was considered a building's beauty and its proportionate relationship between parts and the whole, be directly linked. Palladio writes for example: "(...) in all the buildings are (the) necessary, that all their parts correspond with each other, and have such proportions that there are any of them, which they would not be able to measure it all and also each of the other parts (...). In this way of thinking is the beauty and proportion connected with the music theory harmony concept, ie how different tones interact in a uniform way. Over time, the proportion concept expanded and today we can talk about how, for example, a facade is proportionally composed or not, and this without analyzing its mathematical properties. Instead, we refer to things that are perceived by the balance between building components. This serves commensurate concept well parable. But there has also been a significant shift in no way enriches our understanding of architecture. Proportion is used today as a synonym for "voice-holding" any. It is not only widely accepted to talk about, for example, a "window's proportions" when referring to the ratio of its height and width, I feel that this language even be widespread in the architectural profession. To my knowledge there is no rectangle in addition to the "golden" which itself is proportionate (The golden rectangle short side is related to the long side so that the long side is related to the long side + short side) .I see that, in my opinion watered down proportionate concept has led to some misunderstandings and prejudices about what proportions is about. It would only be about a set of norms which some speech conditions arbitrarily has been awarded over others. In this context it is easy to understand the skepticism many architects feel about proportion teachings. Why should you rely on predetermined rules rather than rely on their own intuition? In my work, I have more and more understood that various speech conditions interact more or less well with each other. That they possess certain characteristics and in different ways is "related" to each other. I have used proven circumstances and found what I actually think is new harmonies. Although I dare say I have drawn one to measure both the proportional and harmonious building so of course the qualities of these proportions and harmonies open for discussion.
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Araya, Naranjo Sandra. "Población de una base de datos jurisprudencial a base de libros de registro de sentencias de protección de la corte suprema, mayo 3-3, año 2004, julio 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4, año 2004, diciembre 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4, año 2004; enero 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, 4-4 año 2005, febrero 1-2, 2-2, año 2005." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113738.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo
En la realización de la Tesis analice 356 fallos emanados de la Ilustrísima Corte Suprema de Justicia, de ellos se extractaron definitivamente 322 fallos, en su mayoría son Recursos de Protección, aunque también fueron analizados en menor número Recursos de Amparo Económico.
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Tembo, Norbert Olivier. "Synthèse et étude physicochimique des 4-amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-1-isoquinolones et 2-quinolones ; 4-aryl-2, 3-dihydropyrrolizines ; 4-aryl-1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tétrahydro-pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazines ; 4-aryl-2-imidazolidinones." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN4044.
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Selva, Verónica. "Diastereoselective multicomponent [3+2] and [4+2] cycloadditions." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/77573.
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En esta tesis doctoral se ha estudiado los iluros de azometino generados in situ en reacciones de cicloadición 1,3-dipolar y diferentes dipolarófilos para la síntesis multicomponente (libre de metales) de derivados de indolizidina a partir de pipecolinatos, aldehídos y dipolarofilos de forma térmica, y también a partir de ácido pipecólico de forma descarboxilada. También se ha estudiado la reacción de cicloadición 1,3-dipolar térmica multicomponente entre iluros de azometino no activados generados in situ a partir de aminas, aldehídos aromáticos y alquenos electrofílicos para generar derivados de pirrolidina.Además, se describe la síntesis de pirrolizidinas diastereoméricamente enriquecidas a partir de nitroprolinatos enantioméricamente puros a través de una cicloadición 1,3- dipolar multicomponente catalizada por una sal de plata y, por otro lado, una reacción de Amina-Aldehído-Dienófilo (AAD) para sintetizar estructuras ciclohex-2-en-1-ilprolinato como diastereoisómero enantiopuro único de forma multicomponente y libre de metales.
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Allart, Eric A. "Metal-promoted [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33615.
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Dicobalt complexes have been extensively used in synthetic chemistry to protect triple bonds, to form new carbon/carbon bonds using the Nicholas reaction and to form polycyclic molecules using the Pauson-Khand reaction. Using these dicobalt complexes, the formation of new carbon-heteroatom bonds was developed through [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions via a stabilised dipole intermediate. Initial work carried out makes use of cyclopropanes substituted with a metal-alkyne complex towards the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines in good yields and with acceptable diastereoselectivity. The initial aim of the work described hereafter was to improve and expand the previous work carried out within the group. An alternative route using dihydrofurans as a cyclopropane surrogate was explored as well as other methods to form the cyclopropane in a-position to the alkyne. To extend the scope of the methodology, [4+2] cycloaddition reactions have been explored, using Nicholas carbocation. Various precursors have been prepared using a Knoevenagel condensation or an ene reaction. For the first time in synthetic chemistry, a novel [4+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction from a cyclobutane has been developed. This reaction has opened a new way for the synthesis of six-membered heterocycles in a totally diastereoselective fashion using cyclobutane cores as precursors. A wide range of aldehydes was used as trapping reagents to form tetrahydropyrans in good yields up to 95% and with a good to total diastereoselectivity proven by nOe and X-Ray analyses. The use of other reagents such as ketones, imines and alkenes has been investigated· towards the formation of new six-membered rings as an extension of the methodology.
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Elggren, Sara. "No. 1-2-3-4! : (Motoric Key)." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5609.
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No. 1-2-3-4! (Motoric Key) consist of a weave series and a printed edition. Each piece with the outline 21x21 cm, a size similar to a hand, or a handkerchief, generic in the relation to a blueprint of a weave sample or a leaflet; a utilitarian object to use and be used. An economical outline that enables a mobility and simplicity of direction. A one made as one, one, one, through two years. A handkerchief tool. Potential efficiency, tunes and characters, stating the importance of listening as a way of working.
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Keogh, Melissa. "Research projects 1, 2, 3 and 4." Thesis, The Author [Mt. Helen, Vic.] :, 2002. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/56750.
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These projects deal with 2 different themes. Firstly the training of parents whose children suffer from DSM-IV attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder. Secondly therapy for the treatment of separation disorder.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Ludwig, Thomas. "Thermoanalytische und konstitutionelle Charakterisierung des Systems Si 3 N 4 -Y 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-36377.
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Rau, Dorothée. "Elektronentransfer-induzierte [4+2]-Cycloadditionen an 3-Vinylindolen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981158072.
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CASTELLI, VALLEE BERENGERE. "Protonation et proprietes sequestrantes de l'acide diethylenetriaminepentapropionique vis-a-vis des ions actinides : th#4#+, u#4#+, pu#4#+n lanthanides: pr#3#+, nd#3#+, eu#3#+, gd#3#+, er#3#+, et quelques elements divalents: ca#2#+, zn#2#+, cu#2#+ et hg#2#+." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112147.
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Nous ajoutons un groupement ch#2 sur chacune des cinq chaines carboxylates du dtpa dans le but d'ameliorer ses proprietes sequestrantes lors de la decontamination et pour la radio-immunotherapie. Des etudes chimiques en solution sont entreprises sur ce nouveau ligand nomme dtpp, lorsqu'il est: a) libre de facon a determiner les huit constantes d'acidite et les sequences de protonation de chacun des sites: 5. Co#2# et 3. N; b) chelatant avec des cations divalents(ca#2#+, cu#2#+, zn#2#+ et hg#2#+), trivalents (pr#3#+, nd#3#+, eu#3#+ et er#3#+) et quadrivalents (th#4#+, u#4#+ et pu#4#+) afin de trouver un modele d'equilibres susceptible de decrire la complexation, les constantes de formation de toutes les especes ainsi mises en evidence et leurs conformations lorsque cela est possible; c) vieux pour mieux apprehender le phenomene de degradation intervenant en fonction du temps et de la temperature. Nous pouvons alors savoir si l'utilisation du dtpp dans les deux domaines medicaux nous interessant est envisageable en fonction du comportement du ligand libre, complexe et degrade en solution
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Fahmi, Noureddine. "Nouvelles voies de synthèse des 2-désoxy-4-thio-D et L-pentofuranose et de 3'-azido-2', 3'-didésoxy-4'-thionucléosides." Amiens, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AMIE0109.
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Le but de ce travail est la synthèse d'antiviraux de type 2'-désoxy-4'-thionucléosides et leurs analogues 3'-azido ou l'atome d'oxygène du cycle glucidique est remplacé par un atome de soufre. Ce choix résulte du fait que certains 4'-thionucléosides présentent d'intéressantes activités biologiques et une plus grande stabilité vis-à-vis d'enzymes catabolisant la liaison glycosidique. La première partie décrit la préparation de dérivés du 3-azido-2, 3-didésoxy-4-thio-d-érythro-pentofuranose obtenus à partir du D-xylose en 13 ou 14 étapes (rdt. Global=2,5%). Le groupement azido est introduit à un stade précoce de la synthèse selon une réaction de Mitsunobu. La condensation de bases pyrimidiques (thymine, 5-halogénouracile) sur les thiosucres par la méthode de Vorbruggen conduit aux 3'-azido-2', 3'-didesoxy-4'-thionucléosides (rdt=7 à 20%) et aux anomères avec des rendements du même ordre. La seconde partie relate une stratégie, plus générale, à partir du L-arabinose. Elle permet la préparation de dérivés du 2-désoxy-4-thio-D-érythro-pentofuranose et leurs analogues 3-azido en 10 étapes avec des rendements respectifs de 17 et 15%. La réaction d'hétérocyclisation, à partir du dérivé clé : le dibenzyl dithioacétal du 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-2-désoxy-L-thréo-pentose, conduit soit directement au thiosucre de la série D avec le systeme CDP/I2/imidazole, soit en deux étapes (iodation, cyclisation) au thiosucre de la série L avec le système PPH3/I2/imidazole. L’étude RMN réalisée sur les thiosucres et leurs dérivés nucléosidiques a permis d'attribuer les configurations anomériques et de montrer les limites des règles empiriques de Hudson fondées sur le signe des pouvoirs rotatoires. Les structures des 3'-azido-2', 3'-didésoxynucleosides ont été confirmées par spectrométrie de masse (FAB/MS).
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COUTINHO, ANA C. de S. "Estudos de sinterizacao e caracterizacao de Sisub(3)Nsub(4) tendo como aditivos Ndsub(2)Osub(3)-Ysub(2)Osub(3)-Alsub(2)Osub(3)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10880.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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ATTAL, ROMAIN. "Correspondances bosons/fermions en dimensions 2, 3 et 4." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066603.
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Cette these est consacree a l'etude de theories de champs bosoniques ou des particules peuvent se lier pour former des excitations fermioniques. L'equivalence entre bosons et fermions est d'abord illustree par un modele de bicouches plongees en dimension quatre. On donne ensuite une description geometrique unifiee du phenomene de transmutation de cordes, ou de particules, induite par des champs de jauge topologiques abeliens, en montrant le role cle de la formule de white. La derniere partie de ce travail pose les bases d'un cadre algebrique nouveau en physique, la theorie des gerbes, afin de definir les excitations elementaires d'une hypothetique phase confinee de la theorie de yang-mills par un transport parallele bidimensionnel, notion qui etend aux surfaces l'operation de relevement d'un chemin dans un espace fibre.
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White, David Charles. "Synthesis of 3-Aryl-2-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]-4(3H)pyrimidones and 3-Aryl-2-(2-arylethenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]-4(3H)pyrimidones as Potential Antiepileptic Drugs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46506.
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A series of 2-alkyl-3-arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidones were synthesized for testing as
potential antiepileptic drugs. The goal was to achieve better neurological activity and/or
lower toxicity than displayed by a series of 2-alkyl-3-aryl-4(3H)-quinazolinones prepared
previously in our research group. From the pharmacological testing data of these target
compounds, we have found that the additional nitrogen at the C-8 position of the quinazolinone
framework increased the anticonvulsant activity. However, the neurological toxicity increased
as well. The anticonvulsant and neurotoxic activity seen in the variuos 2-alkyl side chains
and 3-aryl substituents incorporated into these new pyridopyrimidones was consistent with the
activity observed with the same substituents on the 4(3H)-quinazolinones. The 3-aryl group
consists of various ortho-substituted phenyl rings, while the 2-alkyl chain consists of a
2-(2-aryl-2-oxo)ethyl or 2-arylethenyl group.Master of Science
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Lutz, Tammy. "Trivalent metal complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrone and 2-acyl-3-hydroxyfurans." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27589.
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Group 13(IIIA) metal complexes (ML₃) of 1 -(3-hydroxy-2-furanyl)ethanone (Hima), 3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (Hpa), and a newly synthesized ligand 2-(N-methylamido)-3-hydroxy-5-methylfuran (Hahm) have been prepared, as well as the Gd complex of Hima. They have been characterized by IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. All were consistent with the proposed tris(ligand)metal(lll) structure. The Al and Ga complexes of isomaltol have been studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction showing two out of the three ligands to be disordered. Solution equilibrium studies (0.15 M NaCl, 25°C) showed that Hpa is a better binder for the Group 13 metal ions than either Hima or Hahm.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Panasenko, N. V., and М. K. Bratenko. "Synthesis of 3-(3-aryl-1-phenyl-1H-4-pyrazolil)-chromen-2-ones." Thesis, БДМУ, 2017. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/16864.
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Bethlehem, Tobias. "Theory of 3-4 Heap." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1930.
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As an alternative to the Fibonacci heap, and a variation of the 2-3 heap data structure by Tadao Takaoka, this research presents the 3-4 heap data structure. The aim is to prove that the 3-4 heap, like its counter-part 2-3 heap, also supports n insert, n delete-min, and m decrease-key operations, in O(m + nlog n) time. Many performance tests were carried out during this research comparing the 3-4 heap against the 2-3 heap and for a narrow set of circumstances the 3-4 heap outperformed the 2-3 heap.
The 2-3 heap has got a structure based on dimensions which are rigid using ternary linking and this path is made up of three nodes linked together to form a trunk, and the trunk is permitted to shrink by one. If further shrinkage is required then an adjustment is made by moving a few nodes from nearby positions to ensure the heaps rigid dimensions are retained. Should this no longer be the case, then the adjustment will trigger a make-up event, which propagates to higher dimensions, and requires amortised analysis. To aid amortised analysis, the trunk is given a measurement value called potential and this is the number of comparisons required to place each node into its correct position in ascending order using linear search.
The divergence of the 3-4 heap from the 2-3 heap is that the trunk maximum is increased by one to four and is still permitted to shrink by one. This modified data structure will have a wide range of applications as the data storage mechanism used by graph algorithms such as Dijkstra's 'Single Source Shortest Path'.
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Кушнір, Б. В., and І. Г. Ткачук. "Гетеропереходи на основі шаруватих кристалів FeIn[2]Se[4] та In[4]Se[3]." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64729.
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Шаруваті кристали FeIn2Se4 і In4Se3 – перспективні матеріали для створення фоточутливих гетеропереходів на їх основі , які можуть бути як n-, так і p- типу провідності. Ці матеріали з різною симетрією і періодами кристалічної градки дозволяють методом Ван-дерваальсового контакту поверхонь створювати якісні гетеропереходи. Методом механічного контакту був сформований новий гетероперехід p-FeIn2Se4 – n-In4Se3. Монокристали In4Se3 вирощувалися методом Чохральського і володіли яскраво вираженою шаруватою структурою. В якості фронтального напівпровідника гетеропереходу були обрані кристали FeIn2Se4, вирощені методом Бріджмена.
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Hedley, Kenneth Andrew. "Aspects of the chemistry of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245213.
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Scholz, Vilson. "Reading 2 Corinthians 3:4-18 an exercise in exegesis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
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Liddy, Kyle Jacob. "Synthesis of 4-iodo-3-(2-iodoaryl) and 4-bromo-3-(2-bromoaryl) sydnones and their Reactions with Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Borohydride, and Iodine Monochloride." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1501499797285277.
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Chapellas, Fabien. "Etude de cycloadditions tandem cascade [4+2] / [3+2] désaromatisante à partir de nitroarènes." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES026.
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Les composés hétérocycliques aminés représentent une des plus importantes classes de structures d’intérêt pour la recherche pharmaceutique. Plus de 90% des composés dans ce domaine de recherche comportent au moins une de ces structures privilégiées. Parmi les méthodes les plus connues permettant l’accès aux composés aminés, la chimie des dérivés nitrés joue un rôle particulièrement important. Nous avons donc développé une réaction multicomposante activée par les hautes pressions au cours de laquelle un dérivé nitroaromatique réagit tout d’abord en tant qu’hétérodiène avec un diénophile enrichi électroniquement, dans une cycloaddition [4+2] à demande électronique inverse, pour générer un nitronate intermédiaire, qui lui-même réagit en tant que dipole dans une cycloaddition [3+2] subséquente menant au composé nitrosoacétalique. Ces composés sont d’intéressants motifs synthétiques, permettant un accès rapide aux composés hétérocycliques azotés après la rupture des liaisons N-O. Nous avons montré que la réaction pouvait être appliquée à un large panel de substrats nitroaromatiques. La cycloaddition [4+2]/[3+2] domino a ainsi été appliquée à plusieurs types de nitroaromatiques, tel que les indoles, thiophènes, benzofurannes, furannes, imidazoles, naphtalènes, et même au benzène. Les composés hétérocycliques aminés que nous pouvons générer par cette méthodologie comportent tous un carbone tétrasubsitué adjacent à l’atome d’azote. De tels motifs structuraux, sont difficiles d’accès par d’autres méthodes de synthèse. Notre méthode comporte l’avantage d’impliquer des réactifs de départ simples d’accès et de mener, en deux ou trois étapes seulement, aux composés désaromatisés polycycliquesAminated heterocycles represent one of the most important structural classes of interest for the pharmaceutical research. More than 90% of the compounds in the field bear at least one of these “privileged-structures”. Among the oldest methods to get access to aminated molecules, those relying on the chemistry of nitro derivatives play a particularly important role. We thus have developed a multicomponent methodology in which, under hyperbaric activation, a nitroarene derivative first reacts as an inverse electron demand heterodiene with an electroenriched dienophile, to generate an intermediate nitronate that undergoes a subsequent [3+2] cycloaddition, leading to a nitrosoketal derivative. Such compounds are useful synthetic scaffolds, giving an easy access to nitrogenated motifs, after cleavage of the N-O bonds, for instance. We have shown that this domino [4+2]/[3+2] cycloaddition process can be applied to a wide panel of nitroaromatic substrates including indoles, thiophenes, benzofurans, furans, imidazoles, naphtalenes, and even benzene, for instance. The aminated compounds generated by this methodology all bear a tetrasubstituted center adjacent to the nitrogen atom. Such structural motifs are of difficult access by other synthetic methods. Our method thus bears the advantage of involving simple starting materials to lead, in two or three synthetic steps only, to dearomatized aminated polycycles
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Перепелиця, О. О. "Вивчення гострої токсичності нового похідного тіазолідону (етилового естеру 4{(2-етокси-2-оксоетиліден-4-оксо-1-(4-дифлуор¬метоксіфенілтіазолідин-2-іліден]гідразоно}-1-метилпіразол-3-карбонової кислоти)." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18537.
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Lourenço, Roseli Maria de Conti. "Sintese,toxicidade e atividade tripanocida de 3-(4'-bromo-[1,1'-bifenil]-4-il-)-3-(4-x-fenil)-N,N-dimetil-2-propeno-1-amina." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248924.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Nelson Eduardo Duran CaballeroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Ahmed, Awais. "[4+2] and [4+3] cycloaddition reactions and Lewis acid catalysed cycloisomerisation of malonyl epoxides." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12572.
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Donor-acceptor cyclopropanes have been extensively used in synthetic chemistry in [3+2] and [3+3] cycloaddition reactions for the preparation of highly substituted carbo- and heterocyclic products. This methodology is further extended to donor-acceptor cyclobutane in [4+2] and [4+3] cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of highly substituted carbo- and heterocyclic products. Initial work carried out makes use of cyclobutanes substituted with a metal-alkyne complex towards the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans in good yields and with acceptable diastereoselectivity. The initial aim of the project was to improve and expand the scope of the previous work carried out within the group on [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. For example, [4+2] and [4+3] cycloaddition reaction were carried out by using diester cyclobutanes having an alkene and phenyl π-donors. The [4+3] cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutane with nitrone did not work but [4+2] cycloaddition was successful when aldehydes were used as trapping reagents. Lower yields of the cycloadducts were observed due to formation of (±)-dimethyl-2-methyl-6-phenylcyclohex-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate and 2,6-diphenyl-4,8-dipropenylcyclooctane-1,1,5,5-tetracarboxylic acid tetramethyl ester. During the synthesis of a precursor cyclobutane a novel cycloisomerisation of malonyl epoxide under Lewis acidic conditions to 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives was developed. This reaction has opened a new pathway for the synthesis of 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in a diastereoselective fashion using malonyl epoxides as precursors. A wide range of malonyl epoxides were cycloisomerised under Lewis acidic conditions and the cycloisomerisation of syn and anti malonyl epoxides were stereospecific. The diastereoselectivity of the process was proven by nOe and X-ray analysis. The cycloisomerisation of malonyl diepoxide has also been investigated towards the formation of 5,5-dimethoxy-6,6,8,8-tetraoxa4,4-spirobi[bicyclo[3.2.1]octane].
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Blackburn, Corey G. "Valid interpretation of Genesis 3:15 in the context of Genesis 2:4-4:26." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Gesser, Jose Carlos. "Cinetica da reação de aminolise da 1,1,1- Tricloro -4-Metoxi-3-Penten-2-ona e a isomerização da 1,1,1- Tricloro -4-Benzilamina-3-Penten-2-ona." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1990. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75701.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e MatematicasMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-16T03:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T16:43:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 79081.pdf: 1783570 bytes, checksum: fd2e73db9c3ceb8faf0aa8bdc6615370 (MD5)
O comportamento cinético das reações de aminólise da l,l,1-tricloro-4-metóxi-3-penten-2-ona foi estudado sob condições de pseudo primeira ordem à 25oC, em diferentes solventes e com diferentes aminas. Em solventes como n-hexano e tolueno a reação é de segunda ordem em relação à amina, enquanto que em clorofórmio, etanol, metanol, dimetilsulfóxido e água um comportamento de primeira ordem em relação à amina foi encontrado. O aumento do volume da amina diminui acentuadamente a velocidade da reação de aminólise, a ordem de reatividade sendo dada por: n-butilamina > s-butilamina > t-butilamina. Efeitos eletrônicos foram estudados usando-se anilinas substituídas. Um valor de r = -0,88 foi obtido a partir de um plote linear da constante de velocidade de segunda ordem versus s+, um resultado consistente com a estabilização de um centro carregado positivamente desenvolvido no estado de transição da reação. Em geral, um aumento na polaridade do solvente resulta em um aumento da velocidade da reação. Entretanto, em uma categoria específica o aumento da polaridade do solvente diminui a velocidade da reação, resultado associado a donicidade do solvente. Os resultados são discutidos em termos de um esquema mecanístico incluindo um intermediário dipolar iônico que é decomposto à produto na etapa determinante da reação.
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Shim, Hyeseok. "Biology of Type 2 Phosphatidylinositol-5-Phosphate 4-Kinase." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845419.
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Type 2 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (PI5P4K) converts phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Mammals have three genes, PIP4K2A, PIP4K2B and PIP4K2C that encode the enzymes PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kβ and PI5P4Kγ respectively. Studies in mice showed that PI5P4Kβ is a negative regulator of insulin signaling (Lamia et al., 2004) and that co-deletion of Pip4k2b and Trp53 resulted in synthetic embryonic lethality (Emerling et al., 2013). Also, deletion of two alleles of Pip4k2a and one allele of Pip4k2b suppressed the appearance of tumors in Trp53-/- mice. These studies suggest that drugs targeting PI5P4Kα and β could be effective therapies for treating insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and TP53 mutant cancers.
While less is known about PI5P4Kγ, several genome-wide association studies have revealed a SNP in front of the PIP4K2C at an autoimmunity susceptibility loci (Raychaudhuri et al., 2008). To evaluate the role of PI5P4Kγ, I generated Pip4k2c-/- mice and found an inflammatory phenotype with increased tissue immune infiltrates and pro-inflammatory cytokines, correlating with increased helper T cells and decreased regulatory T cells. Also, Pip4k2c-/- mice exhibited upregulated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in tissues and rapamycin treatment reduced the inflammation of these mice. These studies support the concept that the SNP identified at the PIP4K2C locus in human patients with autoimmunity contributes to disease by reducing expression of PI5P4Kγ and indicates that inhibition of mTORC1 would be beneficial to these patients.
Finally, in collaboration with Dr. Nathanael Gray’s laboratory we identified small molecules that covalently react with PI5P4Ks and thereby cause irreversible inhibition. These compounds, PIP4Kin1 and PIP4Kin2 mimicked the effect of shRNA mediated knockdown or knockout of PI5P4Kα and PI5P4Kβ, and impaired the growth of several TP53 mutant cancer cell lines, with little effect on most TP53 wild type cell lines. Utilizing the xenograft tumor model with BT474 (TP53 mutant) and MCF7 (TP53 wild type) cells, we showed that daily treatment of the mice with PIP4Kin2 inhibited the growth of the BT474 tumors but not the MCF7 tumors, without causing any obvious toxicity. These results further validate PI5P4Kα and PI5P4Kβ as targets for treating TP53 mutant cancers.Medical Sciences
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Melgar, Gliseida Zelayaran. "Estudos visando a sintese de derivados do acido 4-amino-3- (4clorofenil) butirico (BACLOFEN)." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250235.
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Orientador: Fernando Antonio Santos CoelhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: O ácido g-aminobutírico (GABA) é o mais importante neurotransmissor inibitório presente no Sistema Nervoso Central. Ele sozinho é responsável por 34% de todas as sinapses que ocorrem no cérebro. A ação do GABA no SNC é realizada através da interação com dois tipos diferentes de receptores, classificados por Hill e Bowery como GABAA e GABAB. Esses receptores apresentam diferentes propriedades de ligação e, conduzem quando ativados, a efeitos biológicos diferentes. O ácido 4-amino-3(R)-4-clorofenilbutírico (baclofen) é um agonista seletivo para o receptor GABAB, que apresenta um certo grau de lipofilicidade, podendo com isso atravessar a barreira hematoencefálica. A necessidade de se desenvolver substâncias que podem atuar como antagonistas seletivos levou ao desenvolvimento do faclofen, do saclofen e do hidroxisaclofen. Nesse trabalho avaliamos a utilização de duas estratégias sintéticas numa nova abordagem para a preparação de derivados conhecidos e não conhecidos do Baclofen. Exploramos inicialmente uma estratégia já conhecida em nosso laboratório, que se baseava no emprego de uma a,a'-diclorociclobutanona, obtida através de uma reação de ciclo adição [2+2]. Essa última foi transformada na lactona 7. Várias tentativas de abertura dessa lactona foram realizadas, conduzindo a g-dicloroéster 1, o álcool éster sililado 9, o diol 11 e o g-iodoéster 15. De todas as tentativas, aquela que forneceu o intermediario 15 foi a de melhor rendimento. Esse último pode ser transformado no amino álcool 18, importante intermediário para a síntese de homólogos do Baclofen. Além disso, avaliamos também o aduto de Baylis-Hillman 19, como matéria prima para a preparação de derivados do Baclofen. Esse foi reduzido quimiosseletivamente para fornecer o diol 28. Proteção desse diol forneceu o cetal 36, que teve a dupla ligação submetida a uma reação de clivagem oxidativa com OsO4/NaIO4 para fornecer a acetona 37 com 78% de rendimento. A adição de um reagente organolítio derivado do 4-bromoclorobenzeno sobre a carbonila de 37 forneceu o intermediário para a síntese dos derivados hidroxilados do Baclofen. Essa segunda abordagem nos permitiu estabelecer uma nova aproximação à síntese total de derivados do Baclofen, uma importante classe de compostos terapêuticos
Abstract: The g-aminobutiric acid (GABA) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter present in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). This acid is responsable for 30% of all the synapses occuring in the human brain. The action of GABA in the SNC is carried out through the interaction with two different types of receptors, classified by Hill and Bowery as GABAA and GABAB. These receptors present different binding properties, which led to different biological effect when activated. There are in the literature several examples of substances acting on GABAA receptor, however there are only few examples acting on GABAB. The 3-(R)-4-amino-3-(4chlorophenyl)butanoic acid or Baclofen is the only therapeutically available GABAB agonist known. This compound is used on the treatment of spasticity, a serious disease characterized by an increase muscle tone usually perceived as muscle tightness or achiness in the limbs and associated normally with multiple sclerosis (MS). Besides Baclofen there are others known substances acting on GABAB receptors as antagonist. In this class we can notice phaclophen, saclophen and hydroxysaclophen. In this work we describe our results concerning the exploitation of two strategies aiming to the preparation of intermediates to the synthesis of Baclofen derivatives. Initially we have explored a strategy will documented in our laboratory, based on the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction the a,a'-dichlorocyclobutanone, obtained from the cycloaddition was transformed in the lactone 7, by ring expansion. The opening of the lactone was very troublesome and led to the g-dicloroester 1, the silylated alcohol ester 9, the diol 11 and the g-iodoester 15. The g-iodoester 15 easily obtained from 7 by treatment with TMSI was transformed into the amino alcohol 18, an important intermediate for the synthesis of Baclofen homologue series.We have also evaluated the potentiality of the Baylis-Hillman adduct 19, as starting material for the synthesis of Baclofen derivatives. The Baylis-Hillman adduct was chemoselectivily reduced to provide the diol 28, which was transformed to the ketal 36. The exocyclic double bond of 36 was transformed to ketone 37 in 78% yield, by oxidative cleavage with OsO4/NaIO4 The addition of the organolithium reagent derived of 4-bromoclorobenzene on the carbonyl of 37 led to the isomers 40 and 42. These intermediates can be used to the synthesis of hidroxylated derivatives of the Baclofen and the Baclofen itself. This second strategy has permitted to us establish a new approach to the total synthesis of Baclofen derived of this important class of therapeutically useful compounds
Mestrado
Quimica Organica
Mestre em Química
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McCorkindale, Jane. "The 2-modular representation theory of PSUâ†3(q), q #ident to# 3(mod 4)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279980.
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Квашук, В. В., О. В. Макарчук, and Т. А. Донцова. "Сорбційні властивості композиційних сорбентів сапоніт-Fe[3]O[4]-MoS[2]." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66507.
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Метою даної роботи є порівняльний аналіз сорбційних ємностей магнітного
композиційних сорбенту на основі сапонітової глини і магнетиту (МКС7) та
аналогічного композиту модифікованого сульфідом молібдену (МКС7+MoS2).
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Pillai, Vijay R. "The new covenant background of 2 Corinthians 3:1-4:6." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Pereira, Darcio Gomes. "Antichagasicos 3-[4'-bromo-(1,1'-bifenil)-4-il]-3-(4-x-fenil)-N,N-dimetil-2-propen-1-amina : aspectos toxicologicos e farmacologicos in vivo." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248932.
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Orientador: Nelson Eduardo Duran CaballeroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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BOUCHAIN, GILIANE. "Synthese organique en phase aqueuse. Cycloadditions non classiques (3+2, 4+3 et 6+4) et nouvel acces aux c-glycosides." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112233.
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Nous avons pu montrer l'implication de l'effet hydrophobe pour des reactions pericycliques d'ordre eleve. Ainsi, en employant un compose glyco-organique, la cycloaddition 6+4 a ete realisee en phase aqueuse avec de bons rendements, sans aucune reaction competitive. Nous avons montre qu'il etait egalement possible de generer des intermediaires dipolaires dans l'eau ; des ylures d'azomethine ont ete generes par reaction de condensation entre du formaldehyde aqueux et des derives d'acides amines et donnent des reactions de cycloaddition 3+2 1,3 dipolaires en milieu aqueux menant ainsi facilement a des pyrrolidines. Nous avons realise la premiere reaction de cycloaddition 4+3 dans l'eau. Les cations oxyallyliques peuvent etre generes a partir d''- dihalogenocetones en presence de fer dans l'eau. Pieges par des dienes, ils menent a des cycloadduits 3. 2. 1 avec des rendements quasi quantitatifs. Ils peuvent etre egalement obtenus a partir d'- monohalogenocetones a l'aide d'une base en milieu aqueux. L'augmentation de vitesse, de rendements et de stereoselectivite, s'explique par la forte energie de cohesion et par la polarite du solvant. Ces reactions nous ont conduit a developper une nouvelle strategie visant a preparer des c-glycosides dans l'eau a partir de metaux de transition. Ces derives sucres ont pu etre synthetises par une reaction d'allylation en phase aqueuse entre un bromure d'allyle et un sucre, par l'intermediaire d'indium ou d'etain, suivie d'une cyclisation en milieu acide.
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Barus, M. M. "Search for antimicrobial agents among functional derivatives of 3-[5-(4-nitrophenyl) -2-furyl] -4-pyrazolecarbaldehydes." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18517.
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Bratenko, M. K. "Synthesis of potentially biologically active functional derivatives of 3- [5- (4-nitrophenyl) -2-furyl] -4-pyrazolecarbaldehydes." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18518.
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de, Toni Uchôa Flávia. "Síntese e avaliação da atividade antiinflamatória de 5-Benzilideno-3-(4-Clorobenzil) tiazolidina-2-4-dionas." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1429.
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Previous issue date: 2004Os fármacos antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais são os mais utilizados no tratamento das doenças inflamatórias e estão entre os mais utilizados no mundo. A maior limitação na utilização dos antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais consiste nos seus efeitos colaterais, incluindo toxicidade gastrintestinal e renal. O mecanismo de ação desses fármacos envolve a inibição da cicloxigenase e, consequentemente, a conversão do ácido araquidônico em prostaglandinas. Atribui-se a COX-1 (isoforma constitutiva) os efeitos indesejáveis dos antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais, enquanto os efeitos antiinflamatórios são atribuídos a COX-2 (isoforma induzida). Assim, o desenolvimento de substâncias que inibam seletivamente a COX-2 poderia alcançar uma grande potência antiinflamatória, sem os negativos efeitos colaterais observados nos antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais tradicionais. As tiazolidinas constam em registros científicos como substâncias de importante atividade biológica, inclusive antiinflamatória. Tiazolidinas potencialmente antiinflamatórias com substituintes bezilidenos na posição 5 e um grupamento p-clorobenzil na posição 3 foram planejadas e sintetizadas através da rota sintética que partiu da tiazolidina-2,4-diona e do cloreto de 4-cloro-benzila, que foram reagidos em meio básico obtendo-se o composto 3- (4-cloro-benzil)-tiazolidina-2,4-diona, o qual sofreu uma reação de tionação com P2S5 formando 3- (4-cloro-benzil)-4- tioxo-tiazolidin-2-ona. Paralelamente, sintetizaram-se os ésteres 2-cianoacrilato de etila, através da reação entre aldeídos substituídos e cianoacetato de etila. Posteriormente, através de uma reação de adição de Michel, os ésteres 2- ciano acrilatos de etila foram reagidos com 3- (4-cloro-benzil)- tiazolidina-2,4-diona ou 3- (4-cloro-benzil)-4-tioxo-tiazolidin-2-ona, obtendo-se os compostos finais 5-(3-bromo-4-metóxi-benzilideno)-3-(4-clorobenzil)- tiazolidina-2,4-diona [LYS-2], 5-(1-1 -bifenil-4-il-metileno)- 3-(4-clorobenzil)- tiazolidina-2,4-diona [LYS-3], 5-(5-bromo-2-metóxi-benzilideno)- 3-(4- clorobenzil)-tiazolidina-2,4-diona [LYS-4] e 3-(4-cloro-benzil)-5-(1H-indol-3-ilmetileno)- 4-tioxo-tiazolidin-2-ona [LYS-5] que tiveram suas estruturas comprovadas através de espectroscopia de infravermelho e de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio. A atividade antiinflamatória de [LYS-2; LYS- 3; LYS-4 e LYS 5 (50 mg/Kg i.p.)] foi avaliada através do edema de pata induzido por carragenina, demonstrando atividades de 38,75; 40,64; 61,23 e 58,96%, respectivamente
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Koubová, Veronika. "Firm´s Location Sensitivity to the European Union´s Environmental Policies. Pollution haven Hypothesis or Hypothesis?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73331.
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Fridley, William Lloyd. "Illumination in I Corinthians 2:6-3:4 and the paraclete passages." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Aebi, Beat. "Tandem-massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen der Isomerisierung von 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butanon /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Gunay, Neset Batuhan. "Studies Directed Towards The Synthesis Of Imatinib Mesylate ((gleevec), 4-(4-methyl-piperazin-1- Ylmethyl)-n-[4- Methyl-3-(4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2- Ylamino)-phenyl]- Benzamide Methanesulfonate) Analogs." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610181/index.pdf.
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Imatinib mesylate is indicated for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and unresectable and/or metastatic malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). By the application of this anticancer drug, problems occurs in terms of stability and activity. Computer assisted design (CAD) works showed that the modification of the B and C part molecule can increase the effectivity of the drug. The new derivatives of the drug will be obtained to change some part of the B and C segments. The total
synthesis of a new imatinib mesylate will be done and the activity
tests are going to be determined in collaboration with other groups.
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Roussel, Pascal. "Cristallogenèse et études structurales des bronzes phosphatés de tungstène (PO 2) 4(WO 3) 2 M ET A X(PO 2) 4(WO 3) 2 M (A = NA, K, PB) : modulations et ondes de densité de charge." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2034.
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Les bronzes monophosphates de tungstene a tunnels pentagonaux (mptb p), de formule (po 2) 4(wo 3) 2 m, sont des materiaux de basse dimensionnalite, qui presentent des instabilites electroniques du type onde de densite de charge (odc). Les temperatures de peierls dependent du parametre m qui caracterise l'epaisseur des couches conductrices de type wo 3. Dans ce travail, cinq nouvelles structures ont ete resolues par diffraction des rayons x sur monocristal, a temperature ambiante. Quatre d'entre elles (2m = 5 + 5, m = 7, m = 9 and m = 12) correspondent a la forme basse temperature tandis que le compose m = 10 se trouve, a temperature ambiante, dans la forme haute temperature qui est modulee. La structure a ete resolue en utilisant le formalisme 4d. La modulation est displacive, commensurable, et porte uniquement sur la atomes de tungstene. Une revue de tous les termes connus jusqu'a maintenant (2 m 14) nous a conduit a proposer une loi structurale basee sur le principe d'enchainement des octaedres wo 6 dans les couches de type wo 3, expliquant ainsi les differentes symetries observees en fonction de la parite de m. Le caractere bidimensionnel des composes a ete confirme a l'aide de la theorie des valences formelles. Les bronzes de tungstene a x(po 2) 4(wo 3) 2 m (a = k, na, pb) ont egalement ete etudies. On montre qu'il est possible d'inserer des cations de la taille de na + dans les cages pentagonales. Les relations structurales existantes entre les differents bronzes phosphates de tungstene (mptb p, mptb h, dptb p, dptb h) sont analysees. Une transition de type peierls a ete caracterisee dans k xp 4w 8o 3 2 (m = 4mptbh), la temperature de transition dependant du taux de potassium x. Les structures des bronzes mptb h k xp 4w 1 2o 4 4 (m = 6) et pb xp 4w 1 4o 5 0 (m = 7) ont ete resolues et comparees aux autres membres de la famille. Les diverses symetries rencontrees sont expliquees sur la base des differents modes de basculement des octaedres wo 6.
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Oliveira, Denise Aparecida de. "3-(4'-Bromo-[1,1'-Bifenil]-4-IL)-3-(Fenil)-N,N-Dimetil-2-Propeno-1Amina : toxicidade, atividade tripanossomicida e possível mecanismo de ação." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321730.
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Orientador: Alba R. M. Souza BritoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Estudos recentes mostraram a eficácia dos derivados de E/Z-3-(4'-bromo-[l, l' -bifenil]-4-il)-( 4-X-fenil)-N,N -dimetil-2-propeno-1-amina sobre as três formas do protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causador da doença de Chagas. O derivado não-substituído (X=H) foi um dos mais ativos e menos tóxicos desta série. Neste trabalho, o composto (X=H) foi preparado e seus isômeros Z e E foram isolados por cromatografia de camada delgada preparativa para a realização dos ensaios biológicos. O isômero Z foi mais ativo que o E sobre formas tripomastigotas do T. cruzi. Nos ensaios de quantificação de DNA (DNA) e de redução do sal de tetrazólio (MTT), usando células fibroblásticas V79, o isômero Z foi o mais tóxico. No método de incorporação do corante vermelho neutro, a mistura isomérica e os isômeros isolados apresentaram toxicidades equivalentes. Os compostos foram mais tóxicos neste método em comparação com MTT e DNA. O isômero E foi o mais tóxico na avaliação da toxicidade aguda sobre a bactéria Escherichia coZi e sobre camundongos. Não houve alteração comportamental em camundongos tratados com a mistura I isomérica, em relação ao controle, no ensaio do Campo Aberto. Os estudos da atividade do composto (X=H) sobre o fungo Trichophyton rubrum e sobre epimastigotas do T. cruzi, sugerem a inibição da biossíntese do ergosterolcomo um possível mecanismo de ação tripanossomicida
Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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Sousa, Auridéia Possidônio de. "síntese, caracterização e estudo de reatividade dos complexos cis-[ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)no](pf6)3 e cis-[ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)co](pf6)2 (onde bpy = 2,2’-bipiridina e 4-bzpy = 4-benzoilpiridina)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/26674.
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SOUSA, Auridéia Possidônio de. Síntese, caracterização e estudo de reatividade dos complexos cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)NO](PF6)3 e cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)CO](PF6)2 (onde bpy = 2,2’-bipiridina e 4-bzpy = 4-benzoilpiridina). 2015. 95 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by Celia Sena (celiasena@dqoi.ufc.br) on 2017-09-12T19:06:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_apsousa.pdf: 2998037 bytes, checksum: fc4da604595d8a3a9ea76815a364ee13 (MD5)
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For a long time NO (nitric oxide) was known only as a toxic gas that in large concentrations caused damage to health. However, in the 1980s, studies have shown their participation in various physiological processes, including its activity as a mediation of the central nervous system, smooth muscle relaxation, participation in the ability of the immune system to destroy tumor cells and intracellular parasites, platelet adhesion and aggregation. Apparently, NO is not alone in many of these biological processes. Recently CO (carbon monoxide) is emerging as an important signaling molecule in these processes. Despite the beneficial effects, it is important to warn the danger of direct treatment with NO or CO gas, since it is difficult to determine the extent to which these gases are therapeutic, without causing toxic effects. This fact led recently the study of some metal complexes capable of releasing NO or CO in a controlled manner. This work was carried out the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of compounds of type cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)NO](PF6)3 and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)CO](PF6)2 (where bpy = 2,2’-Bipyridina and 4-bzpy = 4-Benzoylpyridina). The characterization of the compounds was performed using electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry), spectroscopic (vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region and electron spectroscopy), H and C nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction monocrystals. The nitrosyl complex underwent reactivity testing as the release of NO0, showing good results as the electrochemical reduction, photochemical and biological front of a reducer. Once characterized, the carbonyl compound reactivity was also subjected to tests where the CO release was assessed by testing with myoglobin, using for this the spectrophotometric method.
Durante muito tempo o NO (óxido nítrico) foi conhecido apenas como um gás tóxico que em grandes concentrações causava danos à saúde. Entretanto, na década de 1980, estudos demonstraram sua participação em diversos processos fisiológicos, incluindo sua atividade como mediação do sistema nervoso central, relaxação da musculatura lisa, participação na capacidade do sistema imunológico de destruir células tumorais e parasitas intracelulares, adesão e agregação plaquetária. Ao que tudo indica, o NO não está sozinho nesses processos biológicos. Recentemente o CO (monóxido de carbono) vem surgindo como uma importante molécula sinalizadora em vários destes processos. Apesar dos efeitos benéficos, é importante alertar para o perigo do tratamento direto com NO ou CO gasosos, uma vez que é difícil determinar até que ponto estes gases são terapêuticos, sem provocar efeitos tóxicos. Esse fato estimulou, recentemente, o estudo de alguns complexos metálicos capazes de liberar NO ou CO de forma controlada. Assim, neste trabalho realizou-se a síntese, caracterização e avaliação de compostos do tipo cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)NO](PF6)3 e cis-[Ru(bpy)2(4-bzpy)CO](PF6)2 (onde bpy = 2,2’-Bipiridina e 4-bzpy = 4-Benzoilpiridina). A caracterização dos compostos foi realizada utilizando-se técnicas eletroquímicas (voltametria cíclica), espectroscópicas (espectroscopia vibracional na região do IV e espectroscopia eletrônica), ressonância magnética nuclear de 1H e 13C e difração de raios-X de monocristais. O nitrosilo complexo foi submetido a testes de reatividade quanto a liberação de NO0, apresentando bons resultados quanto a redução eletroquímica, fotoquímica e frente ao redutor biológico cisteína. Após caracterizado, o complexo carbonílico também foi submetido à testes de reatividade onde a liberação de CO foi avaliada através de ensaios com mioglobina, utilizando-se para isso o método espectrofotométrico.
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Knubben, Kerstin. "Die Werbung unter Ausnutzung von Angst : 4 Nr. 2 UWG /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-3021-8.htm.
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Enge, Christian. "Anellierte Heterocyclen aus 2-Methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-6-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-carbonsäuremethylester Synthese potentieller Antimalariamittel /." kostenfrei, 2006. http://www.digibib.tu-bs.de/?docid=00000056.
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Silva, Sidnei Moura e. "Reações de 1,1,1-tricloro-4-metoxi-3-penten-2-ona com hidrazinas monosubstituídas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10377.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe 1,1,1-trichloro-4-methoxy-3-penten-2-ona (CCl3COCH=CHOMe) reaction with hydrazines series (RNHNH2, where R = H, Me, tert-Bu, Ph, Ph(F)5, Ph-4-NO2, CO2Me e CONH2) yield to the pyrazoles N-substituted and derivatives formation by [3 + 2] ciclocondensations reactions. These compounds formation is regioespecific, it means, termodinamically controled (exception R = Me, tert-Bu). Concerning the presented conditions, we have found some cases where it was possible to isolate the 4,5-diidropirazois derivates (R = H, Ph, Ph(F)5, Ph-4-NO2, CO2Me e CONH2). In relation to some reaction conditions, it was also possible to obtain the pyrazoles in a one-pot conduction (R = H, Ph, e Ph-4-NO2) or through the intermediary 4,5-diidropyrazoles (R = C6F5 e CO2Me) dehydration. In one of the cases (R = CONH2), it was not possible to obtain the aromatization with the CONH2 permanency for the respective pyrazole formation through the dehydration with 96% sulfuric acid, due to the loss of carboxiamide group by hydrolyze during the reaction curse. This study has also presented the possibility of regioespecific obtaining in 5-carboxietilpyrazoles one-pot through the 1,1,1-tricloro-4-metoxi-3-penten-2-ona and hydrazine ciclocondensation followed by the trichloromethyl group (R = tert-Bu, Ph-4-NO2) hydrolyze. After that, it was tested some synthetic conditions for obtaining these 5-carboxietilpyrazoles in a regioespecific form, through the triclorometil group hydrolyze, which is directly linked to the (R = H, Ph, Me) pyrazoles by the simple ethanol addition. The experimental dadas, associated to the AM1 Molecular Orbital (MO) theorical calculation, shows that there is a relation between the substituent chemical effect and the formation regioespecific of these cycles, as well as the 4,5-dihydropyrazoles dehydration and in the trichlorometyl transformation attached in pyrazoles.
As reações de 1,1,1-tricloro-4-metoxi-3-penten-2-ona (CCl3COCH=CHOMe) com uma série de hidrazinas monosubstituídas (RNHNH2, onde R = H, Me, tert-Bu, Ph, Ph(F)5, Ph-4-NO2, CO2Me e CONH2) leva a formação de pirazóis N-substituidos e derivados a partir de reações de ciclocondensações do tipo [3 + 2]. A formação desses compostos é regioespecifica, controlada termodinamicamente (exceção R = Me, tert-Bu). Sob as condições apresentadas, encontramos alguns casos onde foi possível isolar os 4,5-diidropirazois derivados (R = H, Ph, Ph(F)5, Ph-4-NO2, CO2Me e CONH2). Também, sob algumas condições reacionais foi possível a obtenção dos pirazóis em procedimentos de um único passo (R = H, Ph, e Ph-4-NO2) ou a partir da desidratação dos intermediários 4,5-diidropirazóis (R = C6F5 e CO2Me). Em um dos casos (R = CONH2) não foi possível à aromatização com a manutenção do CONH2, para a formação do respectivo pirazol, através da desidratação com ácido sulfúrico 96 %, devido à perda do grupamento carboxiamida por hidrolise durante o curso da reação. Esse estudo também apresentou a possibilidade de obtenção regioespecifica em um único passo de 5-carboxietilpirazois a partir da ciclodensação de 1,1,1-tricloro-4-metoxi-3-penten-2-ona e hidrazina seguida da hidrólise do grupamento triclorometila (R = tert-Bu, Ph-4-NO2). Posteriormente, algumas condições sintéticas foram testadas para a obtenção destes 5-carboxietilpirazois de forma regioespecifica, a partir da hidrólise do grupamento triclorometil diretamente ligado aos pirazóis (R = H, Ph, Me) pela simples adição de etanol. Os dados experimentais, associados aos cálculos teóricos de Orbitais Moleculares (OM) do tipo AM1, demonstraram que existe uma relação entre o efeito químico dos substituintes e a regioespecificidade de formação desses anéis, bem como na desidratação dos 4,5-diidropirazóis e na transformação do grupamento triclorometil presente no pirazóis.
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Rossatto, Marcelo. "Reação de alquinos terminais com 1,1,1-trialo-4-alcóxi-3- alquen-2-onas." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10648.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIn this work a convenient method of synthesis of 9 eninones is presented, through the reaction of different acetylenes (phenylacetylene, 1-heptyne and 1-hexyne) with n-butillithium and subsequently with electrophiles (1,1,1-trichloro-4-ethoxy-3-buten-2-one, 1,1,1-trichloro-4-ethoxy-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one and 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-ethoxy-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one) in the presence of BF3Et2O. The reaction among the phenylacetylene and to 1,1,1-trichloro-4-diethoxy-3-buten-2-one it didn t form an eninone. The obtained procuct was a piran-4-one. The same result was obtained among the phenylacetylene and to 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-diethoxy-3-buten-2-one. With the 1,1,1-trichloro-4-methoxy-4-methyl-3-buten-2-one the attack of the lithium acetylenide was in the carbonil.
Neste trabalho é apresentado um método conveniente de síntese de 9 eninonas, através da reação de diferentes acetilenos (fenilacetileno, 1-heptino e 1-hexino com n-Butil Lítio e subseqüentemente com agentes eletrofílicos (1,1,1-tricloro-4-etóxi-3-buten-2-ona, 1,1,1-tricloro-4-etóxi-3-metil-3-buten-2-ona e 1,1,1-trifluor-4-etóxi-3-metil-3-buten-2-ona), na presença de BF3Et2O. A reação entre o fenilacetileno e a 1,1,1-tricloro-4-dietóxi-3-buten-2-ona não formou uma eninona. O produto obtido foi uma piran-4-ona. O mesmo resultado foi obtido entre o fenilacetileno e a 1,1,1-trifluor-4-dietóxi-3-buten-2-ona. Com a 1,1,1-tricloro-4-metóxi-4-metil-3-buten-2-ona e a 1,1,1-trifluor-4-metóxi-4-metil-3-buten-2-ona o ataque do fenilacetileto de lítio foi na carbonila (Adição 1,2), seguido por uma hidrólise do grupamento metoxila, não obtendo desta forma a eninona desejada.
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Gasharova-Garbeva, Biliana. "Jarosite AFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 kristallchemische Charakterisierung und aquatische Reaktionen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9382020.
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