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Journal articles on the topic '2,4,-dinitrotoluene (DNT)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nishino, Shirley F., George C. Paoli, and Jim C. Spain. "Aerobic Degradation of Dinitrotoluenes and Pathway for Bacterial Degradation of 2,6-Dinitrotoluene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 5 (2000): 2139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.5.2139-2147.2000.

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ABSTRACT An oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by Burkholderia sp. strain DNT has been reported previously. We report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-DNT by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) by a different pathway.Burkholderia cepacia strain JS850 andHydrogenophaga palleronii strain JS863 grew on 2,6-DNT as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial steps in the pathway for degradation of 2,6-DNT were determined by si

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Cheng, Jiayang, Makram T. Suidan, and Albert D. Venosa. "Kinetics of anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene with ethanol as the primary substrate." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0600.

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A kinetic model that describes the anaerobic cometabolism of 2,4-dinitrtoluene (DNT) with ethanol as the primary substrate has been developed based on experimental results. The kinetic parameters were estimated using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 2,4-DNT is anaerobically biotransformed to 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT) via 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) by the bacteria whose growth is supported by utilizing ethanol. 2,4-DNT shows inhibition to its own biotransformation. It also exhibits a very strong competitive inhibition to further biotransformation of

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3

Huang, Zhong Hua, Xue Pu, Hui Zhang, Fang Yuan, and Zheng Li Liu. "Biodegradation of 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene by Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. Isolated from a Nitrobenzene Contaminated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1233.

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A 2,4-Dinitrotoluene degrading bacterium was isolated from sludge contaminated by DNT and identiﬁed as a member of Pseudomonas fluorescens sp. based on 16S rDNA sequence. Under growth substrates limited conditions, the strain was enriched with 2,4-DNT as its sole source of carbon and energy in the groundwater environment. Results indicate the isolate grew optimally at 12(±4)°C and initial pH 7.5 in the mineral salts medium supplemented 2,4-DNT with 40mg/L, thus showing potential for the remediation of 2,4-DNT contaminated groundwater.

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4

Jiayang, Cheng, Makram T. Suidan, and Albert D. Venosa. "Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in the presence of sulfide minerals under anoxic conditions." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 10 (1996): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0235.

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Abiotic reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the presence of sulfide minerals has been investigated under anoxic conditions at 35°C. 2,4-DNT was abiotically reduced to 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4-A-2-NT) and 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2-A-4-NT) in the presence of high concentration of sulfide (0.84 mM). No abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT was observed in the presence of low sulfide concentration (0.42 mM). The rate and the extent of the abiotic reduction of 2,4-DNT were increased with an increase in sulfide concentration. Sulfide served as an electron donor for the reduction of 2,4-DNT. The 2-nitro

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5

Wang, Jing, Guang Fei Liu, Hong Lu, Ji Ti Zhou, and Lihua Li. "Enhanced Biotransformation of Dinitrotoluene by Mediator-Functionalized Polypyrrole Composites." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.129.

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The continuous dosing and discharge of water soluble redox mediators such as biologically recalcitrant compounds will result in the secondary contamination. The immobilized redox mediator prepared by incorporation of anthraquinonedisulphon-ate (AQDS) during the electropolymerization of pyrrole monomer on active carbon felt (ACF), AQDS/PPy/ACF, was used for catalyzing bioreduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene(2,4-DNT) in this study. The results showed that the morphology of the PPy films deposits on ACF are characterized by some globular structure; AQDS/PPy/ACF exhibited good catalytic activity and st

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Martin, J. L., S. D. Comfort, P. J. Shea, R. A. Drijber, and T. A. Kokjohn. "Denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene byPseudomonas savastanoi." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 5 (1997): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-063.

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Past disposal of wastewaters containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at the former Nebraska Ordnance Plant has resulted in numerous acres of TNT-contaminated soil. Examining the microbial population of these soils revealed several TNT-tolerant Pseudomonas spp. We selected one species, P. savastanoi, to determine its ability to transform TNT. Pure culture experiments were performed in pseudomonas minimal medium containing 0.31 mM TNT (70 mg TNT∙L−1) under varied nutrient and cell density regimes. Experiments with TNT as a sole C or N source showed that P. savastanoi has the ability to denitrate

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7

Mohammed, Mohammed S., Igor S. Kovalev, Natalya V. Slovesnova та ін. "(1-(4-(5-Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-Bisfunctionalized 3- and 4-PEG: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies". Molecules 28, № 13 (2023): 5256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135256.

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Two new azaheterocycle-based bolas, such as (1-(4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-methylenyls α,ω-bisfunctionalized PEGs, were prepared via Cu-catalyzed click reaction between 2-(4-azidophenyl)-5-(aryl)-oxadiazole-1,3,4 and terminal ethynyls derived from PEG-3 and PEG-4. Due to the presence of two heteroaromatic cores and a PEG linker, these bola molecules are considered as promising fluorescent chemosensors for electron-deficient species. As a result of a well-pronounced “turn-off” fluorescence response towards common nitro-explosive components, such as 2,4-dinit

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Strehse, Jennifer Susanne, Tobias Hartwig Bünning, Jan Koschorreck, Anita Künitzer, and Edmund Maser. "Long-Term Trends for Blue Mussels from the German Environmental Specimen Bank Show First Evidence of Munition Contaminants Uptake." Toxics 11, no. 4 (2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040347.

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Submerged munitions are present in marine waters across the globe. They contain energetic compounds (ECs), such as TNT and metabolites thereof, which are considered carcinogenic, exhibit toxic effects in marine organisms, and may affect human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of ECs and their trends in blue mussels from the annual collections of the German Environmental Specimen Bank sampled over the last 30 years at three different locations along the coastline of the Baltic and North Sea. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS/MS for 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1,3-DNB), 2,4-di

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Schick, Luca Aroha, Jennifer Susanne Strehse, Tobias Hartwig Bünning, Edmund Maser, and Ursula Siebert. "Energetic Compounds in the Trophic Chain—A Pilot Study Examining the Exposure Risk of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) to TNT, Its Metabolites, and By-Products." Toxics 10, no. 11 (2022): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10110685.

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The Baltic and North Seas still contain large amounts of dumped munitions from both World Wars. The exposure of the munition shells to the seawater causes corrosion, which leads to the disintegration of shells and a leakage of energetic compounds, including the highly toxic 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and consequently threatening the marine environment. To evaluate the risk of accumulation of energetic compounds from conventional munitions in the marine food chain, we analyzed the presence of TNT and its metabolites 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) a

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10

Xiufang, Qi, Li Yuan, and Song Chunyao. "A facile preparation of g-C₃N₄/a-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ composite and its photocatalysis performance on the degradation of DNT/TNT under simulated sunlight." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2639, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2639/1/012006.

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Abstract It has been difficult to solve the environmental problems caused by trinitrotoluene(TNT)/dinitrotoluene(DNT) containing explosive wastewater for decades. The advanced oxidation method based on photocatalysis and hydrogen peroxide has gained considerable popularity in the field of pollutant degradation. In order to find a coping strategy, using a simple method involving obtaining g-C3N4/Fe2O3(CNFe) by two-step calcination and then mixing butyl titanate and CNFe through a sol-gel pathway, a type of low-cost g-C3N4/Fe2O3/TiO2(CNFeTi) ternary composite was prepared and then characterized

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Khuat, Hoang Binh, Van Chung Tran, Thu Huong Nguyen, and Thi Thao Ta. "Simultaneous analysis of nitro compounds by Voltammetric method combined with the partial least squares (PLS) and the principal component regression (PCR)." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 4, no. 1 (2018): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1187320.

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<em>Nitro aromatic compounds exhibit a strong electrochemical behavior on hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE). The ability to simultaneously determine 6 nitro compounds including nitrobenzene (NB), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 3-nitrophenol (3-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,4- dinitrophenol (DNP) and trinitrophenol (TNT) in the same samples was investigated by differential pulse Voltammetry. The method is based on the electrochemical process at HMDE in acetate buffer of pH 4.6. It was found that peak potentials of voltammetric reduction waves of NB, 2-NP, 3-NP and 4-NP appeared at - 0.332, - 0.281,

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12

Moteleb, M. A., M. T. Suoidan, J. Kim, J. L. Davel, and N. R. Adrian. "Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in granular activated carbon fluidized bed and batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (2001): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0016.

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In this study, an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was used to treat a synthetically produced pink water waste stream containing trinitrotoluene (TNT). The synthesized waste consisted of 95 mg/l-TNT, the main contaminant in pink water, which was to be co-metabolized with 560-mg/l ethanol. Granular activated carbon was used as the attachment medium for biological growth. TNT was reduced to a variety of compounds, mainly 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (2,4,6-TAT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DA-6-NT), 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DA-4-NT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT), and 4-amin

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13

Shukla, Nivedita, Vatsana Gupta, Ashok Singh Rawat, Vikas Kumar Gahlot, Sarita Shrivastava, and Pramod Kumar Rai. "2, 4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) removal kinetics and degradation mechanism using zero valent iron-silica nanocomposite." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 6, no. 4 (2018): 5196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.08.018.

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14

Khuat, Hoang Binh, Van Chung Tran, Thu Huong Nguyen, and Thi Thao Ta. "Simultaneous analysis of nitro compounds by Voltammetric method combined with the principal component regression (PCR)." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 4, no. 10 (2018): 06–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1474106.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>—</strong> <em>The ability to simultaneously determine 6 nitro compounds including nitrobenzene (NB), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 3-nitrophenol (3-NP),  4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,4- dinitrophenol (DNP) and trinitrophenol (TNT) in the same samples was investigated by differential pulse Voltammetry on hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE), in acetate buffer of pH 4.6. It was found that peak potentials of voltammetric reduction waves of NB, 2-NP, 3-NP and 4-NP appeared at - 0.297, - 0.251, - 0.267 and - 0.337 V respectively. Under the same conditions

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15

Oda, Y., T. Shimada, M. Watanabe, and T. Nohmi. "A Sensitive System (umu Test) for the Detection of Mutagenic Nitroarenes in Salmonella Typhimurium Strain Possessing Elevated Nitroreductase." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 11 (1992): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0303.

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A sensitive test system for the detection of mutagenic nitroarenes in a new tester strain Salmonellatyphlmurium NM1011 with a high nitroreductase activity has been developed. The tester strain was constructed by subcloning the corresponding gene into pACYC184 plasmid, and introducingthe plasmid into TA1535 harboring a fusion gene umuc‘-'lacZ (pSK1002). The strain enablesus to monitor expression of the SOS function umuC, by measuring the β-galactosidase activity in the cells. The sensitivity of the NM1011 was compared with that of parent tester strain (TA1535/pSK1002), or a nitroreductase defic

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16

Hawari, Jalal, Annamaria Halasz, Sylvie Beaudet, Louise Paquet, Guy Ampleman, and Sonia Thiboutot. "Biotransformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene withPhanerochaete chrysosporium in Agitated Cultures at pH 4.5." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 7 (1999): 2977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.7.2977-2986.1999.

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ABSTRACT The biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) (175 μM) byPhanerochaete chrysosporium with molasses and citric acid at pH 4.5 was studied. In less than 2 weeks, TNT disappeared completely, but mineralization (liberated14CO2) did not exceed 1%. A time study revealed the presence of several intermediates, marked by the initial formation of two monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (2- and 4-HADNT) followed by their successive transformation to several other products, including monoaminodinitrotoluenes (ADNT). A group of nine acylated intermediates were also detected. They included 2-N-

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17

Altun, Ayhan, Kenan Buldurun, and Nevin Turan. "Enhanced Luminescent Probe Utilizing Schiff Base Ligand for 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol Detection in Aqueous Media." Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 15, no. 1 (2025): 228–40. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1540673.

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This research explored the fluorescence properties of a Schiff base ligand which was synthesized and characterized used by standard spectroscopic methods. The examination into its photophysical and fluorescent sensor properties involved UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved and steady-state. Fluorescent sensors were found to exhibit excellent sensitivity and selectivity for 1,3,5-trinitrophenol (TNP), over testing with other nitroaromatic (dinitrobenzene (DNB), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP),

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Leungsakul, Thammajun, Glenn R. Johnson, and Thomas K. Wood. "Protein Engineering of the 4-Methyl-5-Nitrocatechol Monooxygenase from Burkholderia sp. Strain DNT for Enhanced Degradation of Nitroaromatics." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (2006): 3933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02966-05.

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ABSTRACT 4-Methyl-5-nitrocatechol (4M5NC) monooxygenase (DntB) from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT catalyzes the second step of 2,4-dinitrotoluene degradation by converting 4M5NC to 2-hydroxy-5-methylquinone with the concomitant removal of the nitro group. DntB is a flavoprotein that has a very narrow substrate range. Here, error-prone PCR was used to create variant DntB M22L/L380I, which accepts the two new substrates 4-nitrophenol (4NP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3M4NP). At 300 μM of 4NP, the initial rate of the variant expressing M22L/L380I enzyme (39 ï¿½ 6 nmol/min/mg protein) was 10-fold hi

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Pócsová, Tamara, Senad Okanovič, and Svetlana Hrouzková. "Green Analytical Method Using Single-Drop Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography for Nitro Compound Detection in Environmental Water and Forensic Rinse Water." Molecules 30, no. 9 (2025): 1894. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30091894.

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The extensive use of nitro compounds in agriculture, industry, armaments, and pharmaceuticals, along with their toxic effects on living organisms, necessitates efficient and environmentally sustainable analytical methods. Traditional extraction techniques often involve practices that are not eco-friendly, such as the use of large volumes of solvents, toxic chemicals, and the generation of significant waste; therefore, the single-drop microextraction technique was involved in overcoming these limitations. This study shows an environmentally friendly method for nitro compound analysis focusing o

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Mohammed, Baba Adamu, and Oliver N. Maitera. "Determination of Chemical Explosive Remnants in Soils of Boko Haram’s Affected Areas of Gombe State Nigeria." Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajocs/2023/v13i6266.

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Aim: This research was conducted to ascertain the level of pollution of our physical environment as a result of years of Boko Haram’s activities in Gombe State, North-Eastern Nigeria. Study Design and Place of Study: Samples for this research were collected from Bajoga, Nafada and Gombe metropolis and environs all in Funakaye, Nafada, and Gombe Local Government Areas respectively. Samples were taken only from places with recorded Boko Haram’s explosion activities. A control sample for each study area was taken from an area that has no record of Boko Haram attacks. Gombe State is located

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Turner, Nicholas W., Clovia I. Holdsworth, Adam McCluskey, and Michael C. Bowyer. "N-2-Propenyl-(5-dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene Sulfonamide, a Novel Fluorescent Monomer for the Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Detection of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in the Gas Phase." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 10 (2012): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12155.

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Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) specific for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) have been synthesised using a novel monomer N-2-propenyl-(5-dimethylamino)-1-naphthalene sulfonamide. Three formats of the polymer were produced: a traditional bulk monolith ground into particles, a flexible, but highly cross-linked plasticiser-modified free standing membrane, and a hybrid material consisting of particles embedded in a poly(acrylonitrile) phase inversed film. Within all materials, a clearly defined imprinting effect was observed upon exposure to DNT vapour at room temperature. In all cases,

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Rani, Sushma, Bharti Sharma, Shivani Kapoor, Rajesh Malhotra, Rajender S. Varma, and Neeraj Dilbaghi. "Construction of Silver Quantum Dot Immobilized Zn-MOF-8 Composite for Electrochemical Sensing of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (2019): 4952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224952.

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In the present study, we report a highly effective electrochemical sensor for detecting 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT). The amperometric determination of 2,4-DNT was carried out using a gold electrode modified with zinc–metal organic framework-8 and silver quantum dot (Zn-MOF-8@AgQDs) composite. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The synthesized nanocomposite proved to be efficient in electro-catalysis thereby reducing the 2,4-DNT. The unique combinati

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Kaczmarzyk, Iwona, Juliusz Walczak, Michal Sobaszek, and Anna Dettlaff. "Electrochemical Sensing of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene on Boron-Doped Carbon Nanowall Electrodes in Seawater." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 55 (2023): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01552714mtgabs.

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50 000 tons of chemical weapons and 500 000 tons of conventional weapons, containing nitroexplosive compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been dumped in the Baltic Sea since the end of World War II. In addition, many wrecks from World War II are still laying at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. The marine environment, due to the content of chloride ions, shows high corrosion aggressiveness. As a result, the degradation of metal ammunition casings, fuel tanks and other metal elements causes the successive release of toxic substances into the ecosystem. Uncontrolled emission of those ch

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Ellis, H. V., C. B. Hong, C. C. Lee, J. C. Dacre, and J. P. Glennon. "Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Studies of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene. Part I. Beagle Dogs." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 4, no. 4 (1985): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818509078676.

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Subchronic and chronic toxicities of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) were studied in beagle dogs. The major adverse effect of 2,4-DNT in dogs was a neuropathy, characterized by incoordination and paralysis. There were vacuolation, endothelial proliferation, and gliosis of the cerebellums of some affected dogs. These effects were seen in 1 dog given 1.5 mg/kg per day for 2 years, in all dogs given 10 mg/kg per day within 6 months, and in all dogs given 25 mg/kg per day within 2 months. There was great variation between individuals in onset and severity of adverse effects. Some dogs progressed to a

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Modi, Krunal, Urvi Panchal, Chirag Patel, et al. "Dual in vitro and in silico analysis of thiacalix[4]arene dinaphthalene sulfonate for the sensing of 4-nitrotoluene and 2,3-dinitrotoluene." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 4 (2018): 2682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03820h.

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A newly synthesized thiacalix[4]arene dinaphthalene sulfonate, i.e., TCDNS, has been used as a fluorescence quencher for 2,3-DNT as well as 4-NT. The complex was analyzed by ESI-MS and <sup>1</sup>H-NMR titration, which has been further confirmed by the in silico study.

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Parales, Juanito V., Rebecca E. Parales, Sol M. Resnick та David T. Gibson. "Enzyme Specificity of 2-Nitrotoluene 2,3-Dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain JS42 Is Determined by the C-Terminal Region of the α Subunit of the Oxygenase Component". Journal of Bacteriology 180, № 5 (1998): 1194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.5.1194-1199.1998.

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ABSTRACT Biotransformations with recombinant Escherichia coliexpressing the genes encoding 2-nitrotoluene 2,3-dioxygenase (2NTDO) from Pseudomonas sp. strain JS42 demonstrated that 2NTDO catalyzes the dihydroxylation and/or monohydroxylation of a wide range of aromatic compounds. Extremely high nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity exists between the components from 2NTDO and the corresponding components from 2,4-dinitrotoluene dioxygenase (2,4-DNTDO) from Burkholderia sp. strain DNT (formerlyPseudomonas sp. strain DNT). However, comparisons of the substrates oxidized by these di

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Smets, Barth F., R. Guy Riefler, Urs Lendenmann, and Jim C. Spain. "Kinetic analysis of simultaneous 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,6-DNT biodegradation in an aerobic fluidized-bed biofilm reactor." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 63, no. 6 (1999): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990620)63:6<642::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-b.

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Barata, Patrícia D., and José V. Prata. "Fluorescent Calix[4]arene-Carbazole-Containing Polymers as Sensors for Nitroaromatic Explosives." Chemosensors 8, no. 4 (2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8040128.

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Two highly fluorescent calix[4]arene-containing phenylene-alt-ethynylene-carbazolylene polymers (Calix-PPE-CBZs) were used in the detection of explosives from the nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) family, in solution and in vapour phases. Both fluorophores exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity towards NACs detection. The quenching efficiencies in solution, assessed through static Stern-Volmer constants (KSV), follow the order picric acid (PA) >> 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) > 2,4-dinitrotoluene > (2,4-DNT) > nitrobenzene (NB). These correlate very well with the NACs electron affi

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Aguado, Roberto, A. Rita M. G. Santos, Saúl Vallejos, and Artur J. M. Valente. "Paper-Based Probes with Visual Response to Vapors from Nitroaromatic Explosives: Polyfluorenes and Tertiary Amines." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092900.

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Although it is well-known that nitroaromatic compounds quench the fluorescence of different conjugated polymers and form colored Meisenheimer complexes with proper nucleophiles, the potential of paper as a substrate for those macromolecules can be further developed. This work undertakes this task, impregnating paper strips with a fluorene-phenylene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups, a bisfluorene-based cationic polyelectrolyte, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). Cationic groups make the aforementioned polyfluorenes attachable to paper, whose surface possesses a

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Попов, В. О., and В. Н. Комов. "COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIAZ-4 AND DNT ON THE THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MODEL COMPOSITIONS FILLED WITH EXPLOSIVES OF REDUCED VULNERABILITY." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(52) (December 31, 2023): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2023.52.6.030.

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Рассмотрено расчётно-теоретическим способом влияние 1,9-диазидо-2,4,6,8-тетранитро-2,4,6,8-тетраазанонан (ДИАЗ-4) и 2,4-динитротолуола (ДНТ) на адиабатическую температуру горения и силу пороха полимерносвязанных метательных композиций. Основой для горючих-связующих (ГСВ) используются высокомолекулярные соединения полиглицидилнитрат (p-GLYN) и полиглицидилазид (GAP). Наполнители: 3-нитро-1,2,4-триазол-5-он (NTO), 1,3,5-триамино-2,4,6-тринитробензол (TATB), 1,1-диамино-2,2-динитроэтен (Апрол, FOX-7), динитрамид N-гуанилмочевины (FOX-12), 1,3,3-тринитроазетидин (TNAZ). Показано, что ДНТ является

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Zhao, Hui, Liuyang Wang, Shuai Liu, Xiaojun Wen, Man Xu, and Liming Yang. "A Novel Bispecific Allogeneic CAR-DNT Cells Targeting BCMA and CD19 for Immunotherapy." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 7147. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-206995.

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Introduction: Although autologous CAR-T cells to hematological malignancy have achieved deep and durable responses with manageable safety, there is a pressing need for allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cell therapies that are safe, effective, and affordable. We have reported before that the safety and potential efficacy of allogeneic DNT therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B-NHL in phase I clinical trials with no signs of GvHD or other &gt;grade 2 treatment-associated adverse events. Here, we reported a successful development of a novel dual-target BCMA/CD19-mbIL15

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Keenan, Brendan G., and Thomas K. Wood. "Orthric Rieske dioxygenases for degrading mixtures of 2,4-dinitrotoluene/naphthalene and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene/4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 73, no. 4 (2006): 827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0538-8.

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Quinn, Michael J., Craig A. McFarland, Emily M. LaFiandra, Matthew A. Bazar, and Mark S. Johnson. "Acute, subacute, and subchronic exposure to 2A-DNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene) in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)." Ecotoxicology 19, no. 5 (2010): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-010-0476-1.

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Wang, Wen, Guowei Deng, Zhanwei Hu, Kaixin Chen, and Jieyun Wu. "Sensitive Evanescence-Field Waveguide Interferometer for Aqueous Nitro-Explosive Sensing." Chemosensors 11, no. 4 (2023): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040246.

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The development of novel chemical nitro-explosive sensors with high sensitivity, low cost and a compact size is essential for homeland security, environmental protection and addressing military challenges. Polymeric optical waveguides based on refractive index sensing are widely used in biochemical detection due to their advantages of large-scale integration, low cost, high sensitivity and anti-electromagnetic interference. In this study, we designed and fabricated a polymer waveguide Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor to detect 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water. One phase shifter of the

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López-Ruiz, Nuria, Miguel M. Erenas, Ignacio de Orbe-Payá, Luis F. Capitán-Vallvey, Alberto J. Palma, and Antonio Martínez-Olmos. "Computer Vision-Based Portable System for Nitroaromatics Discrimination." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7087013.

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A computer vision-based portable measurement system is presented in this report. The system is based on a compact reader unit composed of a microcamera and a Raspberry Pi board as control unit. This reader can acquire and process images of a sensor array formed by four nonselective sensing chemistries. Processing these array images it is possible to identify and quantify eight different nitroaromatic compounds (both explosives and related compounds) by using chromatic coordinates of a color space. The system is also capable of sending the obtained information after the processing by a WiFi lin

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Riefler, R. Guy, and Barth F. Smets. "NAD(P)H:Flavin Mononucleotide Oxidoreductase Inactivation during 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Reduction." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (2002): 1690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1690-1696.2002.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria readily transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a contaminant frequently found at military bases and munitions production facilities, by reduction of the nitro group substituents. In this work, the kinetics of nitroreduction were investigated by using a model nitroreductase, NAD(P)H:flavin mononucleotide (FMN) oxidoreductase. Under mediation by NAD(P)H:FMN oxidoreductase, TNT rapidly reacted with NADH to form 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, whereas 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene were not produced. Progressiv

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Slížová, Dáša, Petr Šíma, Josef Richter, Otakar Krs, and Jana Zavadilová. "Stimulation of Ileal Epithelium Growth and Regeneration by Dietary Nucleotide Extracts." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 47, no. 3 (2004): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2018.84.

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The gastrointestinal tract epithelium plays an important role not only in digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also in antigen and pathogen signal translocation toward the gut associated lymphoid tissue. Malnutrition in various degrees is recognized as the most common cause of the immune system dysfunction. Research done in the past several years has revealed that dietary nucleotides (dNT) represent an essential compound of nutrition because of their importance in metabolic pathways, energetic processes and nucleic acid synthesis during tissue renewal. Much evidence accumulated suggests

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ROSEMBERG, SÉRGIO, and GLACY S. VIEIRA. "Tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplástico: estudo epidemiológico de uma única instituição." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 56, no. 2 (1998): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1998000200011.

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A real incidência do tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplástico (DNT) é desconhecida. Diferentes estimações foram feitas, de acordo com o tipo de recrutamento dos pacientes. Nas séries provenientes de pacientes operados por epilepsia fármaco-resistente, as taxas variam amplamente, de 5% a 87%. Em uma série de 600 tumores pediátricos do sistema nervoso central, 9 DNT foram encontrados (1,5%). Como o DNT foi identificado apenas em 1988, revimos nossos casos (1975-1991) de gangliogliomas (n=25), oligoastrocitomas (n=9), oligodendrogliomas do lobo temporal (n=11), astrocitomas grau II (OMS 1993) (n=44

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Quinn, Michael J., Terry L. Hanna, Alicia A. Shiflett, et al. "Interspecific effects of 4A-DNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in Japanese quail, Northern bobwhite, and Zebra finch." Ecotoxicology 22, no. 2 (2012): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-1019-8.

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Keenan, Brendan G., Thammajun Leungsakul, Barth F. Smets, Masa-aki Mori, David E. Henderson, and Thomas K. Wood. "Protein Engineering of the Archetypal Nitroarene Dioxygenase of Ralstonia sp. Strain U2 for Activity on Aminonitrotoluenes and Dinitrotoluenes through Alpha-Subunit Residues Leucine 225, Phenylalanine 350, and Glycine 407." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 10 (2005): 3302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.10.3302-3310.2005.

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ABSTRACT Naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) from Ralstonia sp. strain U2 has not been reported to oxidize nitroaromatic compounds. Here, saturation mutagenesis of NDO at position F350 of the α-subunit (NagAc) created variant F350T that produced 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol from 2,6-dinitrotoluene (26DNT), that released nitrite from 23DNT sixfold faster than wild-type NDO, and that produced 3-amino-4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrobenzyl alcohol from 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2A46DNT) (wild-type NDO has no detectable activity on 26DNT and 2A46DNT). DNA shuffling identified the beneficia

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Jamee, Mahnaz, Samin Sharafian, Narges Eslami, et al. "Revisiting double-negative T cells in autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies: a case series." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 52, no. 5 (2024): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v52i5.1115.

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Background: Elevated level of double-negative T (DNT) cells is a historical hallmark of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) diagnosis. However, the peripheral blood level of DNT cells might also be compromised in autoimmune lymphoproliferative immunodeficiencies (ALPID) other than ALPS, inattention to which would increase the delay in diagnosis of the underlying genetic defect and hinder disease-specific treatment. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited patients suffering from ALPID (exclusion of ALPS) with established genetic diagnosis. Following thorough histo

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Yang, Liming, Dan Wang, Shangzhi Xu, et al. "Abstract 5510: Preclinical study of allogeneic CD19-CAR-DNT cells as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy drug for NHL." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5510.

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Abstract Introduction Allogeneic Double Negative T (DNT, CD3+CD4-CD8-) cells have shown great potential as a novel off-the-shelf immunotherapy drug candidate in clinic trials for r/r/AML patients. This is our first report to demonstrate that CD19-CAR-DNT cells with high percentage of Tscm+Tcm phenotypes have been successfully developed with strong immunotherapeutic effects on Raji-luciferase tumor cells from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma both in vitro and in vivo. Methods DNT cells were expanded ex vivo from healthy donors and then were transduced with CD19-CAR lentivirus in the presence of IL-2. The

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Nehrenheim, E., O. Muter, M. Odlare, A. Rodriguez, G. Cepurnieks, and V. Bartkevics. "Toxicity assessment and biodegradation potential of water-soluble sludge containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 8 (2013): 1707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.416.

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The water-soluble phase of trinitrotoluene-containing sludge (SLP) was characterized with regard to trinitrotoluene (TNT) concentration, ecotoxicity, and a model biodegradation experiment as evaluation criteria for further development of appropriate treatment technologies. SLP contained 67.8 mg TNT/l. The results of germination and root-elongation tests indicated that SLP had a species-specific phytotoxic effect. The results of a 21 day degradation experiment demonstrated TNT conversion to 4-amino-2,6-DNT and 2-amino-4,6-DNT, with a simultaneous reduction in the total concentration of nitroaro

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Spanggord, Ronald J., and Lane A. Clizbe. "A reevaluation of the Hofmann rearrangement in electron deficient systems: preparation of 2-(15N)-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-(15N)-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 41, no. 7 (1998): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199807)41:7<615::aid-jlcr106>3.0.co;2-b.

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Huang, Shouqin, Paul A. Lindahl, Chuanyue Wang, George N. Bennett, Frederick B. Rudolph, and Joseph B. Hughes. "2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Reduction by Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (2000): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1474-1478.2000.

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ABSTRACT Purified CO dehydrogenase (CODH) from Clostridium thermoaceticum catalyzed the transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The intermediates and reduced products of TNT transformation were separated and appear to be identical to the compounds formed by C. acetobutylicum, namely, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2HA46DNT), 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4HA26DNT), 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene (24DHANT), and the Bamberger rearrangement product of 2,4-dihydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene. In the presence of saturating CO, CODH catalyzed the conversion of TNT to two monohydroxy

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MISZCZAK, Maciej. "POLISH DISCLOSED SECRET PATENTS ON TECHNOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL HIGH EXPLOSIVES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 163, no. 1 (2023): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.5919.

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Results of searches and analyses of the Polish disclosed secret patents on technology of high-explosives in the form of such chemical individuals as nitrostarch, trotyl, dinitrotoluene, tetryl, penthrite, hexogen and octogen, are presented in the paper. As a result of the above searches, nine patent descriptions [1-9] of inventions were found, and among them three [2-4] dealt with nitrostarch stabilization, one [1] with stabilization of penthrite and hexogen, one [6] with trotyl cleaning from post-nitrating acids, one [7] with trotyl and dinitrotoluene drying, and three [5,8,9] with obtainment

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CHEN, YUNQING, HAIBO LIU, and X. C. ZHANG. "EXPERIMENTAL AND DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY ON THz SPECTRA OF 4-NT AND 2, 6-DNT." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 02 (2007): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407004503.

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Terahertz (THz) spectra of two TNT-related compounds (4-NT and 2, 6-DNT) are investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, 1.5-20 THz) and THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS, 0.2-2.5 THz). Density functional theory (DFT) is applied to calculate THz spectra of these two compounds. Transmission, diffuse reflection, and calculated spectra are in good agreement. The measured THz resonance lines from the transmission and diffuse reflectance spectra are assigned based on the DFT simulation. The observed THz signatures imply that THz spectrum has potential for standoff detectio

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Xiao, Xibin, Wen Lei, Huawei Jiang, et al. "A Phase 1 Study of RJMty19: Anti-CD19 Humanized CAR-Engineered Allogeneic Double Negative T Cells in Adults with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189149.

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Introduction: Autologous CAR-T cell therapies has been shown to benefit patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL). However, the intrinsic characteristics of autologous CAR-T cell products such as preparation failure, high cost, long production cycle, and bridging therapy required for some patients make it less accessible for a wide range of patients. RJMty19 is a first-in-class humanized anti-CD19 CAR-engineered allogeneic double negative T cells (DNTs). RJMty19 exhibits the advantages of both adaptive and natural immunity and has a high proportion of stem cell-li

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Dowdell, Kennichi, Julie Niemela, Susan Price, et al. "Somatic Fas Mutations Account for Nearly One Third of Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) Cases with Previously Unknown Genetic Mutations." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.710.710.

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Abstract Abstract 710 Background: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is characterized by childhood onset of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, autoimmune cytopenias, elevated (>1%) double negative T (DNT; CD3+, TCRalpha-beta+, CD4−, CD8−, B220+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and an increased risk of lymphoma; primarily due to impaired lymphocyte apoptosis. Most cases (65%; 173 individuals in our cohort), known as ALPS Type Ia, are associated with dominant heterozygous germline mutations in the gene TNFRSF6 encoding the protein for CD95 (Fas, Apo-1). Another 5% of patients ha

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Gyure, Kymberly A., Glenn D. Sandberg, Richard A. Prayson, Alan L. Morrison, Regina C. Armstrong, and Kondi Wong. "Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 1 (2000): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0123-dnt.

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Abstract Context.—The dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is an uncommon lesion characterized by a heterogeneous population of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendroglia-like cells (OLCs). The basic nature of the DNT and its constituent cells, particularly the OLCs, remains unresolved; some authors favor a neuronal origin, and others propose a glial or mixed origin for these cells. Design.—We examined 11 DNTs with antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a marker of mature oligodendrocytes. Results.—All DNTs studied (7 from males, 4 from females; age range of patients, 2–37 ye

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