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1

Kim, Ho Sik, Yoshihisa Kurasawa, and Atsushi Takada. "A selective synthesis of novel isoxazolo[2, 3-a]-quinoxalines and pyrrolo[1, 2-a]quinoxalines." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 26, no. 3 (1989): 871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570260368.

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2

Yang, Zhen, Jing He, Yueting Wei, Weiwei Li, and Ping Liu. "KI/TBHP-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines and N-arylsulfonylhydrazones." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 17 (2020): 3360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob00494d.

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3

Kiran, Kuppalli R., Toreshettahally R. Swaroop, Kodipura P. Sukrutha та ін. "Acid-Catalyzed Condensation of o-Phenylenediammines and o-Aminophenols with α-Oxodithioesters: A Divergent and Regio­selective Synthesis of 2-Methylthio-3-aryl/Heteroarylquinoxalines and 2-Acylbenzoxazoles". Synthesis 51, № 22 (2019): 4205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690616.

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o-Phenylenediammines and o-aminophenols were reacted with α-oxodithioesters in a highly regioselective fashion to give 2-methylthio-3-aryl/heteroarylquinoxalines and 2-acylbenzoxazoles in 55–94% and 45–86%, respectively, in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst. Control experiments involving reaction of aniline with a α-oxodithioester indicated that the thiocarbonyl group is more reactive than the carbonyl group. Based on this, probable mechanisms for the formation of quinoxalines and benzoxazoles are given. Biological targets of the quinoxalines and benzoxazoles were identified by
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4

Armengol, Montserrat, and John A. Joule. "Synthesis of thieno[2,3-b]quinoxalines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 2-haloquinoxalines." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 9 (2001): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b101458g.

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5

Abderrazak, Gaz, Souizi Abdelaziz, and Coudert Gérard. "A New Method of Synthesis of 2-Alkoxycarbonyl 3-aryg-3,4-dihydro Quinoxalines and 2-Alkoxycarbonyl3-aryl Quinoxalines." Synthetic Communications 29, no. 19 (1999): 3459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919908085976.

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6

Kurasawa, Yoshihisa, Akiko Takano, Kyoko Kato, Atsushi Takada, Ho Sik Kim, and Yoshihisa Okamoto. "A new synthesis of 1,5-dihydropyridazino[3,4-b]quinoxalines and 2-(pyrazol-4-yl)quinoxalines." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 33, no. 3 (1996): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570330339.

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7

Kaupp, Gerd, Heike Voss, and Herbert Frey. "Dipyrrolo[2-a:2′,l′-c]quinoxalines: A Novel Heterocyclic System." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 26, no. 12 (1987): 1280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198712801.

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8

Armengol, Montserrat, and John A. Joule. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-b]quinoxalines and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 2-Haloquinoxalines." ChemInform 32, no. 34 (2001): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200134044.

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9

Xie, Feng, Min Zhang, Huanfeng Jiang, et al. "Efficient synthesis of quinoxalines from 2-nitroanilines and vicinal diols via a ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy." Green Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2015): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01316f.

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10

Pol, Umesh N., Raju P. Kagne, Mantosh B. Swami, Tukaram E. Khatke, and Sushil R. Mathapati. "Environmentally Benign Room-Temperature Synthesis of Quinoxalines using Silica-Supported PPA as a Recyclable Catalyst." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 7 (2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/287rjce042049.

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We have reported highly proficient, environmental benign, SiO2@PPA catalyzed protocol for the synthesis of 2, 3-diphenyl quinoxalines via condensation of ophenylene diamine with α-diketones. Surface modified silica with polyphosphuric acid offered outstanding catalytic efficiency at room temperature and it sustained up to fifth cycle. The methodology boasts a hassle-free catalyst preparation process, operates under energy-conserving conditions, yields a commendable (93-84%) output of the targeted moieties and exhibits catalyst recyclability. These appealing features position it as a superior a
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11

Kumar, K. Shiva, Boyapally Bhaskar, Meesa Siddi Ramulu, N. Praveen Kumar, Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq, and Manojit Pal. "Metal catalyst free cyclization of 3-alkynyl substituted 2-(indol-3-yl)quinoxalines in TFA alone: a new synthesis of indolophenazines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob02340a.

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12

Shee, Sujan, Kasturi Ganguli, Kalipada Jana, and Sabuj Kundu. "Cobalt complex catalyzed atom-economical synthesis of quinoxaline, quinoline and 2-alkylaminoquinoline derivatives." Chemical Communications 54, no. 50 (2018): 6883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02366b.

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13

Aksenov, Alexander V., Nikolai A. Arutiunov, Dmitrii A. Aksenov, et al. "A Convenient Way to Quinoxaline Derivatives through the Reaction of 2-(3-Oxoindolin-2-yl)-2-phenylacetonitriles with Benzene-1,2-diamines." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 11120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911120.

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Microwave-assisted reaction between 2-(3-oxoindolin-2-yl)-2-phenylacetonitriles andbenzene-1,2-diamines leads to the high-yielding formation of the corresponding quinoxalines as sole, easily isolaable products. The featured transformation involves unusual extrusion of phenylacetonitrile molecule and could be performed in a short sequence starting from commonly available indoles and nitroolefins.
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14

Nan, Jiang, Qiong Ma, Jiacheng Yin, Chengyuan Liang, Lei Tian, and Yangmin Ma. "RhIII-Catalyzed formal [5 + 1] cyclization of 2-pyrrolyl/indolylanilines using vinylene carbonate as a C1 synthon." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 8 (2021): 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00040c.

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A rhodium(iii)-catalyzed formal C–H [5 + 1] cyclization of 2-pyrrolyl/indolylanilines with vinylene carbonate has been explored towards the potent assembly of diverse 4-methylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines.
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15

Atfah, Adnan, Muhammad Y., Abu-Shuheil, and John Hill. "Photocyclisation of 2-aroylquinoxalines; formation of coloured indolo[l,2-a]quinoxalines." Tetrahedron 46, no. 18 (1990): 6483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)96016-8.

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16

Dai, Chenshu, Siqi Deng, Qiuhua Zhu, and Xiaodong Tang. "Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines via copper or iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidative carboamination of sp3C–H bonds." RSC Advances 7, no. 70 (2017): 44132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra09214h.

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17

Gopalaiah, Kovuru, Anupama Saini, Sankala Naga Chandrudu, Devarapalli Chenna Rao, Harsh Yadav, and Binay Kumar. "Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of o-phenylenediamines with 2-aryl/heteroarylethylamines: direct access to construct quinoxalines." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, no. 10 (2017): 2259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob00122c.

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18

Putta, Ramachandra Reddy, Simin Chun, Seok Beom Lee, Junhwa Hong, Dong-Chan Oh, and Suckchang Hong. "Iron-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of quinoxalines: transfer hydrogenative condensation of 2-nitroanilines with vicinal diols." RSC Advances 11, no. 30 (2021): 18225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra02532e.

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19

An, Zhenyu, Yong Jiang, Xin Guan, and Rulong Yan. "Copper-catalyzed tandem aerobic oxidative cyclization for the synthesis of 4-cyanoalkylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles and cyclobutanone oxime esters." Chemical Communications 54, no. 76 (2018): 10738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc06256k.

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A copper-catalyzed tandem ring-opening/cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 4-cyanoalkylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles and cyclobutanone oxime esters has been developed.
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20

Chen, Wenjun, Yangxu Du, Manman Wang, Yingchao Fang, Wenquan Yu, and Junbiao Chang. "Synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines by I2-mediated sp3 C–H amination." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 22 (2020): 3705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo01101k.

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21

Trujillo, Sergio Alfonso, Diana Peña-Solórzano, Oscar Rodríguez Bejarano, and Cristian Ochoa-Puentes. "Tin(ii) chloride dihydrate/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent: redox properties in the fast synthesis of N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines." RSC Advances 10, no. 66 (2020): 40552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06871c.

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Physicochemical and redox properties of SnCl<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O/ChCl deep eutectic solvent were studied and applied in the synthesis of anilines, N-arylacetamides and indolo(pyrrolo)[1,2-a]quinoxalines starting from nitroaromatic compounds.
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22

El-Hawash, S. A., N. S. Habib, and N. H. Fanaki. "ChemInform Abstract: Quinoxaline Derivatives. Part 2. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Testing of 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines, 1,2,4-Triazino[4,3-a]quinoxalines and 2-Pyrazolylquinoxalines." ChemInform 31, no. 7 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200007137.

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23

Hossain, MM, MM Hossain, MH Muhib, MR Mia, S. Kumar, and SA Wadud. "In vitro antioxidant potential study of some synthetic quinoxalines." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 38, no. 2 (2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i2.12880.

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In continuation of our study the in vitro antioxidant activity of some novel quinoxaline derivatives was investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with respect to ascorbic acid. To determine the antioxidant activity, a number of substituted indoxyls (3A-G), cyclic ketones (2A-G), and quinoxalines (1A-G) were synthesized by both microwave and conventional heating methods. The present findings revealed that some quinoxalines and their precursors (1D, 1F, 1G and 2E) exhibited a marked scavenging effect on DPPH radical. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i2.12880 Bangladesh
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24

Wu, Degui, Jian Zhang, Jianhai Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yunkui Liu. "AgNO2-mediated direct nitration of the quinoxaline tertiary benzylic C–H bond and direct conversion of 2-methyl quinoxalines into related nitriles." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 74 (2014): 10857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc01327a.

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A unique method for AgNO<sub>2</sub>-mediated direct nitration of the quinoxaline tertiary C–H bond and direct conversion of 2-methyl quinoxalines into 2-quinoxaline nitriles under oxidative conditions has been developed.
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25

Madsen, P., C. L. Brand, J. J. Holste, and L. B. Knudsen. "Advances in Non-Peptide Glucagon Receptor Antagonists." Current Pharmaceutical Design 5, no. 9 (1999): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612805666230111194905.

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This review deals with glucagon receptor antagonism as a possible treatment of Type 2 diabetes. The role of glucagon in animal models has been studied by glucagon antibodies as model antagonists. Depending upon the animal model studied, selective glucagon deficiency produced by immunoneutralisation suggests that glucagon plays a modest (rats) to substantial (rabbits) role in the maintenance of euglycaemia and is an important diabetogenic factor. These data strongly suggest that glucagon antagonism may be a beneficial and safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Further,
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26

Jayaprakash, Sarva, Mekala Ramamohan, Regati Sridhar, Kamaraju Raghavendrarao, Naidu Paradesi, and Kothapally Chandrasekhar. "Simple and Highly Efficient Synthesis of Indolo- and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines Promoted by Molecular Iodine." Synlett 26, no. 08 (2015): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1380347.

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A simple and highly efficient strategy is developed for the synthesis of indolo- and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from the corresponding 2-(1H-indol/pyrrol-1-yl)anilines promoted by molecular iodine in good to excellent yields.
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27

KURASAWA, Y., A. TAKANO, K. KATO, A. TAKADA, H. S. KIM, and Y. OKAMOTO. "ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 1,5-Dihydropyridazino(3,4-b)quinoxalines (VII) and 2-(Pyrazol-4-yl)quinoxalines (VI)." ChemInform 27, no. 50 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199650176.

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28

El-Atawy, Mohamed A., Ezzat A. Hamed, Mahjoba Alhadi, and Alaa Z. Omar. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Substituted Quinoxalines." Molecules 24, no. 22 (2019): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224198.

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A number of new symmetrically and asymmetrically 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines were synthesized through functionalization of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (2,3-DCQ) with a variety of sulfur and/or nitrogen nucleophiles. The structures of the obtained compounds were established based on their spectral data and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity for the prepared compounds was investigated against four bacterial species and two fungal strains. The symmetrically disubstituted quinoxalines 2, 3, 4, and 5 displayed the most significant antibacterial activity, while compounds 6a, 6b, and the p
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29

An, Zhenyu, Lianbiao Zhao, Mingzhong Wu, et al. "FeCl3-Catalyzed synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles through annulation and cleavage of cyclic ethers." Chem. Commun. 53, no. 84 (2017): 11572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc07089f.

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A straightforward Fe-catalyzed method for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrroles and cyclic ethers, which includes functionalization of C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds and the construction of C–C and C–N bonds, has been developed.
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30

Ammermann, Sven, Christian Hrib, Peter G. Jones, Wolf-Walther du Mont, Wolfgang Kowalsky, and Hans-Hermann Johannes. "Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines: Novel Synthesis via Annulation of 2-Alkylquinoxalines." Organic Letters 14, no. 19 (2012): 5090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol302348v.

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31

Gaurav, Joshi, and Kumar Raj. "Anticancer activity of imidazole fused quinoxalines via human topoisomerase inhibition." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 97, Aug 2020 (2020): 1217–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5656227.

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Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151 001, Punjab, India <em>E-mail</em>: raj.khunger@gmail.com, raj.khunger@cup.edu.in <em>Manuscript received online 15 July 2020, accepted 29 July 2020</em> We herein report design, synthesis of imidazo [1,2-a]quinoxaline (4A-4E) via acid-catalyzed Pictet-Spengler (PS) reaction, and their anticancer assessment through inhibition of human topoisomerases. Two compounds 4D and 4E were found to be dual inhibitors of human topoisomerases and possessed anticancer potential at the low micromolar concen
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32

Sosnovskikh, Vyacheslav Y., Alexander V. Safrygin, Roman A. Irgashev, Marina A. Ezhikova, and Mikhail I. Kodess. "Synthesis of 4-arylamino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazines and pyridazino[3,4-b]quinoxalines (as by-products) from 3-aroylmethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalines and hydrazine hydrate." RSC Advances 6, no. 36 (2016): 30056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra27032d.

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A number of 4-arylamino-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazines were obtained in good yields via the novel reaction of 3-aroylmethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoxalines with an excess of hydrazine hydrate in refluxing n-butanol with or without acetic acid.
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33

Ho, Tuan Hoang. "Iron(III) promoted oxidative annulation of benzylic C-H bonds in (α-amino)arylacetic acids for synthesis of 4-aryl pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines". Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, № 4 (2023): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.65(4).11-13.

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Using amino acids for synthesis of heterocycles is a synthetically promising field. However, developing the practical methods for transformations of amino acids into heterocycles is still challenging. Given that alpha amino acids are abundant or easily prepared, herein we report a method for annulation of benzylic C-H bonds in derivatives of 2-phenylglycine with 1-(2-nitroaryl)pyrroles. The reactions proceeded well in the presence of iron(III) acetylacetonate catalyst and potassium carbonate base. Scope of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines was studied. Regardless of electronic properties of substitue
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34

Khomutov, O. G., and K. I. Pashkevich. "Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl-containing 2-oxo-1,1a,2,3-tetrahydroazirino[1,2-a]quinoxalines." Russian Chemical Bulletin 44, no. 8 (1995): 1536–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00714451.

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35

Yan, Rulong, and Xin Guan. "Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkyl-Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from 2-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)anilines and Alkylboronic Acids." Synlett 31, no. 04 (2020): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610743.

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A radical pathway for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines by using 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)anilines and alkylboronic acids has been developed. Features of this process include Cu catalysis, readily accessible starting materials, and simple operations. Alkylboronic acids are used for the construction of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives, and the desired products are obtained in moderate yields.
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36

Liu, Huanhuan, Feiyu Zhou, Wen Luo, Yuxin Chen, Chenyang Zhang та Chen Ma. "Application of α-amino acids for the transition-metal-free synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 15, № 34 (2017): 7157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ob01688c.

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A practical and concise protocol for the efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from readily available α-amino acids and 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)anilines under transition metal-free conditions has been established. This protocol, which includes the formation of new C–C and C–N bonds, features a wide substrate scope with a broad range of functional group tolerance.
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37

El-Sawy, Eslam, Fatma Bassyouni, Sherifa Abu-Bakr, Hanaa Rady, and Mohamed Abdlla. "Synthesis and biological activity of some new 1-benzyl and 1-benzoyl-3-heterocyclic indole derivatives." Acta Pharmaceutica 60, no. 1 (2010): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0004-0.

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Synthesis and biological activity of some new 1-benzyl and 1-benzoyl-3-heterocyclic indole derivativesStarting from 1-benzyl- (2a) and 1-benzoyl-3-bromoacetyl indoles (2b) new heterocyclic, 2-thioxoimidazolidine (4a, b), imidazolidine-2,4-dione (5a, b), pyrano(2,3-d)imida-zole (8a, band9a, b), 2-substituted quinoxaline (11a, b-17a, b) and triazolo(4,3-a)quinoxaline derivatives (18a, band19a, b) were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Antimicrobial activity screening performed with concentrations of 0.88, 0.44 and 0.22 μg mm-2showed that 3-(1-substitute
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38

Lv, Xueyan, Lili Lv, Shichen Li, Chengcheng Ding, Bingchuan Yang, and Chen Ma. "A Direct Method for Synthesis of Quinoxalines and Quinazolinones Using Epoxides as Alkyl Precursor." Molecules 28, no. 21 (2023): 7391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217391.

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An iodine-mediated one-pot synthesis of pyrrolo/indolo [1,2-a]quinoxalines and quinazolin-4-one via utilizing epoxides as alkyl precursors under metal-free conditions has been described. Both 1-(2-aminophenyl)-pyrrole and 2-aminobenzamide could be applied to this protocol. A total of 33 desired products were obtained with moderate to good yields. This methodology was suitable for wide-scale preparation and the obtained products could be further modified into promising pharmaceutically active reagents.
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39

Benzekri, Zakaria, Houda Serrar, Said Boukhris, et al. "NH3(CH2)6NH3SiF6 catalyzed highly efficient synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, quinoxalines and pyrimidin-2-ones/thiones." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2017): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i1p60-71.

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Herein, we describe a simple, highly efficient and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones/ thiones and quinoxalines derivatives using hybrid crystal NH3(CH2)6NH3SiF6 as a catalyst. Use of recyclable catalyst, easy work-up procedure, excellent yields, short reaction times and scalability are the important practical features of the present protocol.
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40

Li, Xue, Xian Hao Wu, Jia Feng Yu, Yuan Yuan Zhang, Zhong Ke Hou, and Yuan Yuan Xie. "Homolytic aromatic substitution of acyl radicals: Oxidative coupling of 2-methylquinolines with quinoxalines." Journal of Chemical Research 46, no. 5 (2022): 174751982211260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17475198221126026.

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Oxidative coupling of 2-methylquinolines with quinoxalines via a TBHP ( t-butyl hydroperoxide) and TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) mediated Minisci reaction affords quinolin-2-yl(quinoxalin-2-yl)methanone derivatives. This approach provides a simple and efficient method to construct various acyl derivatives in moderate to good yields (45%–92%) without any metal catalyst. Mechanistically, homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) of acyl radicals mediated by TBHP is crucial for the construction of the quinolin-2-yl(quinoxalin-2-yl)methanone products.
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41

Habashneh, Almeqdad Y., Mustafa M. El-Abadelah, Mohammed M. Abadleh, and Wolfgang Voelter. "Heterocycles [c]-Fused onto Indoloquinoxaline. Synthesis of Novel Pyrano[2’,3’:4,5]indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-2-ones." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 7 (2012): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0131.

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A synthesis of 4-methylpyrano[2,3-e]indole-2,8,9-trione (5) is achieved from 7-amino-4- methylcoumarin by adopting the classical Sandmeyer methodology. The cyclocondensation reaction of pyrano-isatin 5 with the appropriately substituted o-phenylenediamines 6 in polyphosphoric acid proceeded regioselectively to furnish the respective pyrano[2’,3’:4,5]indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines 7a - c. Structural assignments of the new compounds are based on microanalytical and spectral (IR, MS and NMR) data.
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42

Sypchenko, V. V., L. M. Potikha, V. A. Kovtunenko, V. N. Baumer, and O. V. Shishkin. "Preparation of isoindolo[2,1-a]quinoxalines based on N-(2-aminophenyl)isoindole derivatives." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 48, no. 7 (2012): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-012-1096-x.

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43

Hassan, Seham Y., Sherine N. Khattab, Adnan A. Bekhit, and Adel Amer. "Synthesis of 3-benzyl-2-substituted quinoxalines as novel monoamine oxidase A inhibitors." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 16, no. 6 (2006): 1753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.088.

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44

KHOMUTOV, O. G., and K. I. PASHKEVICH. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl-1,1a,2,3-tetrahydro-2-oxoazirino(1,2-a) quinoxalines." ChemInform 26, no. 50 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199550137.

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45

ATFAH, A., M. Y. ABU-SHUHEIL, and J. HILL. "ChemInform Abstract: Photocyclisation of 2-Aroylquinoxalines; Formation of Coloured Indolo( 1,2-a)quinoxalines." ChemInform 22, no. 1 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199101243.

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46

Vchislo, Nadezhda V., Ekaterina A. Verochkina, Lyudmila I. Larina, Alexander V. Vashchenko, and Yurii A. Chuvashev. "Reaction of 2-alkoxy- and 2-hydroxypropenals with o -phenylenediamine: a route to benzimidazoles and quinoxalines." Mendeleev Communications 27, no. 2 (2017): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2017.03.020.

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47

Singh, Praphulla Kumar, and Babu Nand Choudhary. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinoxaline-Based Compounds as Potential Antiviral Agents against Emerging Viruses." International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review 34, no. 3 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijbcrr/2025/v34i3979.

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Abstract:
Quinoxalines are nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds that have attracted a lot of attention in scientific research because of their important biological activities and multifaceted functionalization capabilities. The study's scope includes their use as powerful antiviral agents, especially in the field of respiratory diseases, which is a major concern in this thorough review. Potential influenza inhibitors, anti-SARS coronavirus inhibitors, anti-SARS-CO-2 coronavirus inhibitors, and various respiratory antiviral activities are some of their notable pharmacological effects. As a result, severa
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Natarajan, Ramalakshmi, Ayarivan Puratchikody, Vignesh Muralidharan, Mukesh Doble, and Arunkumar Subramani. "2D QSAR Analysis of Substituted Quinoxalines for their Antitubercular and Antileptospiral Activities." Current Computer-Aided Drug Design 15, no. 2 (2019): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573409914666181011145922.

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Background: The Quantitative structure activity relationship for thirty two novel substituted quinoxalines was performed for their antitubercular (Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv) and antileptospiral (Leptospirainterrogans) activities. The quinoxalines were substituted with azetidinones, thiazolidinones and fluoroquinolones. Several compounds exhibited good activity against both the infections and they all possess fluoroquinolone moiety with the quinoxaline. Methods: The models developed showed good linear relationship (r2 = 0.71-0.88), with an internal predictive ability (q2&gt; 0.61) and go
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Kalinin, A. A., O. G. Isaikina, and V. A. Mamedov. "Spirothiazolo[4?,2]- and thiazolo-[3,4-a]quinoxalines based on 3-(?-bromoethyl)quinoxalin-2-ones and thiourea." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 40, no. 11 (2004): 1510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-005-0024-8.

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de Mattos, Marcio, та Vitor de Andrade. "One-Pot Telescoped Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives from β-Keto Esters and Thioureas Promoted by Tribromoisocyanuric Acid". Synthesis 50, № 24 (2018): 4867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610243.

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A simple and efficient one-pot protocol has been developed for the synthesis of thiazole derivatives from readily available starting materials. Tribromoisocyanuric acid was successfully used for α-monohalogenation of β-keto esters in aqueous medium, which in the presence of thiourea and DABCO produced the corresponding 2-aminothiazoles in up to 87% yield. Extension of the reaction to thioacetamide and o-phenylenediamine led to 2-methylthiazole and quinoxalines, respectively. This approach enables telescoping of the two steps into a single process.
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