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Journal articles on the topic '2-area power system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Khadarvali, S., V. Madhusudhan, and R. Kiranmayi. "Differential game theory with FPA optimization in multi-area power system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp302-308.

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The distribution generation penetration increases due to the increased need of power. These penetration causes problem of frequency deviations. In this paper the in multi-area power system the combination of renewable energy resources is proposed. Here the area 1 &amp; area 2 are thermal power plant. Hydro power generation plant is taken in area-3 &amp; area-4. Renewable energy system is considered in area-5. Here the cyber security attack is taken as change in power in the entire area. This can make the power block out or wrong data entry. Here differential game theory-based problem f

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S., Khadarvali, Madhusudhan V., and Kiranmayi R. "Differential game theory with FPA optimization in multi-area power system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 302–8. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp302-308.

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The distribution generation penetration increases due to the increased need of power. These penetration causes problem of frequency deviations. In this paper the in multi-area power system the combination of renewable energy resources is proposed. Here the area 1 & area 2 are thermal power plant. Hydro power generation plant is taken in area-3 & area-4. Renewable energy system is considered in area-5. Here the cyber security attack is taken as change in power in the entire area. This can make the power block out or wrong data entry. Here differential game theory-based problem formulati

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3

Hakimuddin, Nizamuddin, Anita Khosla, and Jitendra Kumar Garg. "Centralized and decentralized AGC schemes in 2-area interconnected power system considering multi source power plants in each area." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 32, no. 2 (2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2018.07.003.

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ALMa’aitah, Mohammad A., Tha’er O. Sweidan, Mohammed I. Abuashour, and Mohammed Al-Hattab. "Analysis of Inter Area Power System Oscillation using Eigenvalue Method." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 06 (2018): 20417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/06/514.

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One of the power system crucial problems for stability is the oscillation at low frequencies. The low frequency oscillation (LFO) is a small signal stability of the power system and has a passive impact on the maximum power transfer (load flow) in power systems. The inter area oscillation using eigenvalue method is presented and analyzed by modeling and linearizing the system around the operating point. This paper introduces the inter area oscillation using Eigen value method by presenting and discussing a proposed power system of two-area, 4-machine into two different cases: The first case is

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Kaliannan, Jagatheesan, Anand Baskaran, and Nilanjan Dey. "Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller using Ant Colony Optimization." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 2 (2015): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2015040102.

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In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error met

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Fayez, M., M. Mandor, M. El-Hadidy, and F. Bendary. "Inter-Area Oscillations Stabilization by Type-2 Fuzzy Based Novel Resistor Brake Model." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 7 (2020): 951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2630.

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Inter-area power oscillation is an inherent problem of weakly interconnected power systems. This paper introduces fuzzy logic controller of Type-2 to organize the interventions of novel resistor bake model for inter-area oscillation stabilization in Kundur's two-area benchmark test power system via MATLAB/Simulink-based modelling and simulation environment with the help of Interval Type-2 fuzzy logic controller toolbox. The propositioned controller uses the relative kinetic energy deviation between the two areas as an input control signal. Three case studies, including small, mild, and severe

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Sharma, Manisha, and Manjaree Pandit. "Reserve Constrained Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Employing Evolutionary Approach." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 1, no. 3 (2010): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2010070103.

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The objective of Multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) is to determine the generation levels and the interchange power between areas that minimize fuel costs, while satisfying power balance and generating limit and transmission constraints. If an area with excess power is not adjacent to a power deficient area, or the tie-line between the two areas is at transmission limit, it is necessary to find an alternative path between these two areas to transmit additional power. When a MAED problem is solved with spinning reserve constraints, the problem becomes further complicated. The power allocation

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Rawat, Swati, Bhola Jha, Manoj Kumar Panda, and Jyotshana Kanti. "Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control-Based Frequency Control of Hybrid Power System Using DMGS of PI Controller." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 10217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110217.

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The load frequency control of a microgrid is one of the emerging areas due to the changes in demand and supply in power system. So the controllers’ implementation must be changed accordingly. This paper proposes an interval type-2 fuzzy logic-based, dual-mode gain scheduling (DMGS) of the proportional and integral controller in which the gains of the PI controller werescheduled through the dynamic selector. This proposed controller was implemented ina hybrid microgrid power system in which nonconventional energy sources wereadded to each area of the conventional power plant, which madethe syst

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Abdillah, Muhammad, and Herlambang Setiadi. "Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1258-1265.

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Area control error (ACE) is a critical factor in linked power systems. When a disturbance occurs, ACE is utilized to determine how much power should be deployed. As a result, it is critical that the ACE have as little inaccuracy as feasible. This research provided a strategy for improving the dynamic response of ACE in a power system. A hybrid optimal controller is the name given to this technology. Coordination between the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the state feedback controller based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is the concept of a hybrid optimum controller. All con

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Muhammad, Abdillah, and Setiadi Herlambang. "Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller." Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller 31, no. 3 (2023): 1258–65. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1258-1265.

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Area control error (ACE) is a critical factor in linked power systems. When a disturbance occurs, ACE is utilized to determine how much power should be deployed. As a result, it is critical that the ACE have as little inaccuracy as feasible. This research provided a strategy for improving the dynamic response of ACE in a power system. A hybrid optimal controller is the name given to this technology. Coordination between the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the state feedback controller based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is the concept of a hybrid optimum controller. All con

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Kumar, Nagendra, and Akhilesh Singh. "Load Frequency Control for multiarea Power System using Secondary Controllers." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2044.

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Load frequency control (LFC) is essential for the stable operation of a power system network. The principal task of LFC is to manage the output of the generator with respect to change in the network frequency and tie-line power; such as to restore the scheduled frequency and power exchange with other areas in a prescribe bounds. This paper carries out an analysis of the LFC for 2 areas reheat thermal system and 4 areas thermal reheat system using a generation rate constraint (GRC), by comparison of performances of secondary controllers like model predictive control (MPC), proportional integral

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Sreedivya, K. M., P. Aruna Jeyanthy, and D. Devaraj. "Improved Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy based Wide Area Power System Stabilizer for Inter-area Oscillation Damping." Microprocessors and Microsystems 83 (June 2021): 103957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.103957.

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Hakimuddin, Nizamuddin, Ibraheem Nasiruddin, Terlochan Singh Bhatti, and Yogendra Arya. "Optimal Automatic Generation Control with Hydro, Thermal, Gas, and Wind Power Plants in 2-Area Interconnected Power System." Electric Power Components and Systems 48, no. 6-7 (2020): 558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2020.1793829.

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Rajveer, Singh, Kumar Kesarwani Saurabh, Kumar Gupta Neelesh, and Ashfaq Haroon. "Design of 2-Dof Pid Controller for Load Frequency Control of Two Area Power System using Mfo Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 158–61. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5009.029320.

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The paper endeavours to analyse the load frequency control for two area system. In this paper, two areas has been considered in which non-reheated type of turbine in both area are used and whose secondary loop consists a latest controller called 2 degree-of-freedom PID (2-DOF-PID) controller. The parameter of the this controller is been optimized by the latest meta heuristic algorithm also called Moth flame optimization algorithm (MFO) to minimize the deviation in frequency of area and tie-line power respectively. The same processes are repeated with PID controller and Integral controller whos

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Rashmi, Kumbhaj* Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh Miss Durga Sharma. "DESIGNING OF SOLAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT HP MOTORS IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL AREA OF CHHATTISGARH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 5 (2017): 568–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.230958.

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The feasibility of using a solar photovoltaic array to drive water-pumping units for irrigation and drinking water in remote areas, where other sources of power are not available has been demonstrated. Solar energy, being very costly at present, is to be used very judiciously. MATLAB software is employing to do the simulations and perform the techno-economic evaluation [2]. Thousands of cases have been carried out to achieve an optimal system configuration based on the lower net present cost and levelized cost of energy. In this work, a case study is done for a remote area situated at Chhattis

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Fayez, Mohamed, Mohamed Mandor, Mohamed El-Hadidy, and Fahmy Bendary. "Stabilization of Inter-Area Oscillations in a Two-Area Test System via Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Based Dynamic Brake Control." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v19n1.213.

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Inter-area oscillations are, by far, the most detrimental to the synchronous integrity of interconnected power systems. This detriment comes from their wide frequency spectrum and the large numbers of the participant generators. The inherent poor damping associated with the inter-area oscillations leaves open wide probabilities for irrevocable widespread blackouts with the consequent eventual devastating outcomes measured in terms of the huge economic casualties and the possible human fatalities. This article explores the influences of the Interval Type-2 fuzzy logic-based strategized dynamic

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Sina, Alireza, and Damanjeet Kaur. "Load frequency control of multi area interconnected power system using differential evolution algorithm." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 4 (2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20181110091820.

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In this paper, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to Load Frequency Control (LFC) in three areas of an interconnected power system. The proposed controller has appropriate dynamic response, so it increases damping in transient state in unhealthy conditions. Different generators have been used in three areas. Area 1 includes thermal non-reheat generator and two thermal reheat generators; area 2 includes hydro and thermal non-reheat generators, and area 3 includes hydro and thermal reheat generators. In order to evaluate the

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18

Kavitha, G., B. Kirthiga, and N. Kirubanandasarathy. "Performance Analysis of an Area Efficient and Low Power MOD-R2MDC FFT for MIMO OFDM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.176.

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In this paper, an area-efficient low power fast fourier transform (FFT) processor is proposed for multi input multi output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) in wireless communication system. It consists of a modified architecture of radix-2 algorithm which is described as modified radix-2 multipath delay commutation (MOD-R2MDC). The OFDM receiver with modified R2MDC (MOD-R2MDC) FFT was designed by Hardware Description Language (HDL) coding The Xilinx ISE Design Suite 10.1 is used as a synthesis tool for getting the power and area. The Model-Sim 6.3c is used for simulation.

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Francis, R., and Dr I. A. Chidambaram. "Beta Wavelet Neural Network Based Load-Frequency Controller for an Interconnected Reheat Power system with Hydrogen Electrolyser." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 5 (2013): 1587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i5.4147.

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This paper investigates a renewable energy resources application to the Load-Frequency Control of interconnected power system. The Proportional plus Integral(PI) controller gains of the two area interconnected thermal power system with the fast acting energy storage devices are designed based on Control Performance Standards (CPS) using conventional/Beta Wavelet Neural Network(BWNN) approaches. The energy storing device Hydrogen generative Aqua Electrolizer (HAE) with fuel cell can efficiently damp out the electromechanical oscillations in the power system because of their efficient storage ca

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Suhada, Khairul. "Analisa Sistem Pemipaan Menggunakan Metode Manual Kalkulasi dan Simulasi Pipeflow pada PUD. Rumah Potong Hewan Kota Medan." Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 5, no. 1 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v5i1.19730.

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Pressure losses in the piping system cause additional power to the pump which also causes additional operational costs. The main cause of pressure losses in the piping system is the unevenness of the inside area of the pipes and accessories. This research analyzes the piping system in PUD. Medan Slaughterhouse, starting from the loss of compressive energy, capacity, flow speed, efficiency, and power of the piping system and recommending a better piping system than the existing one. Data on the piping system at PUD. Medan Slaughterhouse was analyzed using fluid mechanics equations such as the D

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Dokht Shakibjoo, Ali, Mohammad Moradzadeh, Seyed Zeinolabedin Moussavi, and Hossein Afrakhte. "Online adaptive type-2 fuzzy logic control for load frequency of multi-area power system." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 37, no. 1 (2019): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-181963.

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Giri, Surya Prakash, and Sunil Kumar Sinha. "Four-Area Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Power System Using Neuro-Fuzzy Hybrid Intelligent Proportional and Integral Control Approach." Journal of Intelligent Systems 22, no. 2 (2013): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2012-0025.

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AbstractThis article presents a novel control approach, hybrid neuro-fuzzy (HNF), for the load frequency control (LFC) of a four-area interconnected power system. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle nonlinearities, and at the same time, it is faster than other existing controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in increasing the damping of local and inter-area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in a four-area interconnected power system. Areas 1 and 2 consist of a thermal reheat power plant, whereas Areas 3 and 4 consist of a hydropower plant. Performance ev

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Zhao, Xilin, Zhenyu Lin, Bo Fu, Li He, and Na Fang. "Research on Automatic Generation Control with Wind Power Participation Based on Predictive Optimal 2-Degree-of-Freedom PID Strategy for Multi-area Interconnected Power System." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123325.

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High penetration of wind power in the modern power system renders traditional automatic generation control (AGC) methods more challenging, due to the uncertainty of the external environment, less reserve power, and small inertia constant of the power system. An improved AGC method named predictive optimal 2-degree-of-freedom proportion integral differential (PO-2-DOF-PID) is proposed in this paper, which wind farm will participate in the load frequency control process. Firstly, the mathematical model of the AGC system of multi-area power grid with penetration of wind power is built. Then, pred

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Hong, Ying-Yi, and Hao Zeng. "Decentralized Multi-Area Economic Dispatch in Power Systems Using the Consensus Algorithm." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153609.

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A multi-area power system requires coordination to enhance reliability and reduce operating costs. Economic dispatch in such systems is crucial because of the uncertainties associated with variable loads and the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. This paper presents a hierarchical consensus algorithm designed to determine the economic dispatch in a multi-area power system, accounting for the uncertainties in load and renewable generation. The proposed algorithm, which utilizes distributed agents, operates across three levels. Level 1 coordinates all areas, while levels 2 and 3

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Rathimala, T., R. Francis, and M. Kamarasan. "Application of Neural Network Based Data Security in to LFC of a Two Area Power System." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2018.7.2.2281.

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The paper is concentrated with the study of design of a data security system based on neural networks. This data security method added Load-Frequency Control of reheat interconnected two area power systems problems with non-linearity. The neural network control is incorporated to load-frequency control in power systems. Elman Recurrent neural network is involves forecasting controller and system’s output. The system was simulated and the frequency variations in area 1 and area 2 and tie-line power variations for 1% step-load disturbance in area 1 were obtained. The comparison due to frequency

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Rai, Pradeep, Bikram Chhetri, Chimi Dem, Khalishore Chhetri, Phuntsho Tashi, and Sanjita Lepcha. "LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEM GRID INVOLVING WIND AND HYDROPOWER PLANT AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Journal of Applied Engineering, Technology and Management 1, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v1i1.23.

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Power demand is expanding day by day. The greatest test is to give continuous and top-notch power to clients in factor conditions particularly when we interconnect the two areas utilizing power tie-line. To achieve this, the two boundaries should consistently be checked for each condition, these boundaries are Load Distribution and Load Frequency Control (LFC).The primary work of the load frequency control is to regulate the power output of the generator within a specified area with respect to change in system frequency and tie-line power, such as to maintain the scheduled system frequency and

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Muppoori, Nagendra, Sd Asfiya, Kumar N. Santosh, and Prasad M. Durga. "Performance comparison of several controllers in load frequency control of modern interconnected power system." i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering 17, no. 3 (2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.3.20694.

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This paper presents the Load Frequency Control of two modern interconnected power systems. Area 1 comprises a combination of conventional generators, Solar PV, and Solar Thermal, while Area 2 combines conventional generators with wind and Solar Thermal. Governor dead band and appropriate generation rate constraints are considered for conventional generators in both areas. Additionally, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) and Battery Energy Storage (BES) are the two forms of energy storage units (ES) included in the system. The three controllers PID, Tilt- Integral-Derivative (TID),

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Ayyappan, Dr B. Prakash, Parthiban T, and Barkavi M. "Generation Control of Multi-Area Multi-Source Power System using Fire-Fly Algorithm." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 11, no. 05 (2024): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2024.v1105.20.

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This article presents automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected three area power system having different production sources such as hydropower, thermal and gas power plants. The control areas are provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints of 3%/min. An attempt has been made to apply a Proportional derivative–Proportional integral derivative (PD–PID) cascade controller in AGC. Controller gains are optimized simultaneously using more robust and powerful evolutionary computational technique Firefly Algorithm (FFA). Performance of classical controllers such a

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V., Sudhakar, Karri Chandram, and Jaya A. "Equal Incremental Fuel Cost Approach for Multi Area Operation of Power System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13, no. 1 (2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.13.1.2.

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This paper presents a novel approach, Equal Incremental fuel cost (λ-Concept) approach, for solving Multi Area Economic Dispatch (MAED) problem. It is a simple approach and developed from the basic observation of incremental fuel cost of an area. The proposed approach has been tested on 4-area system with four generators in each area and a large 2-area system consists of 120 generators. The suggested algorithm has been tested extensively by considering the different tie line power transfer limits and useful recommendations are provided. Further, the impact of tie line power transfer limits on

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Xu, Qiang Ye, Jin Lian, and Hao Lian. "An Adaptive Protection Method for Power System under Wide Area Networks." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4189.

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The grid structure and its operation mood are becoming more complicated with the expansion of China Power Network which have higher requirement for security protection for relay protection network. This article proposes adaptive setting of switch positioner and line fault under wide area networks. Adaptive setting of switch positioner in system operation mode can effectively extend the protection scope of zone 2 impedance relay on the premise of protecting the cooperative relationship which has a better sensibility than traditional setting value of zone 2 impedance relay. Adaptive setting of l

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Tavakkoli, Mehdi, Jafar Adabi, Sasan Zabihi, Radu Godina, and Edris Pouresmaeil. "Reserve Allocation of Photovoltaic Systems to Improve Frequency Stability in Hybrid Power Systems." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102583.

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This study suggests a model to include a solar power system or photovoltaic system (PV) in the control of frequency by taking into account a percentage of the PV power production for back-up reserve. This is done by investigating two scenarios: PV contribution in (1) initial primary frequency control and (2) entire primary frequency control. As explained in section three, 10% power of the PV modules which receive more than 400 w/m2 irradiation is allocated for the power reserve. The power generation of photovoltaic systems depends largely on weather conditions which makes their output power as

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K., Sumanth Kumar, and Thirumalaiah S. "Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 2 (2020): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3842821.

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This paper proposes a method to determine the magnitude and location of load disturbances in multi area power systems via monitoring tie line power flows, implementing demand response regionally. In this work, proposes an intelligent coordination between secondary control and demand response through a supervisory fuzzy PI based coordinator. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. K. Sumanth Kumar | S. Thirumalaiah "Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Res

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Ashwini, Kumar, and Singh Omveer. "Optimal AGC of a power system incorporated BESSEHVAC/DC link using evolutionary techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 3 (2023): 1322~1330. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1322-1330.

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This research paper reveals the design of controller with optimization techniques for automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power system incorporated with diverse energy sources. The diverse sources are conventional thermal, hydro and gas power station (THG). The frequency deviations should be remains constant in modern power systems. Optimization techniques used for proposed model for proportional integral (PI) controller which is tuned for AGC with diverse energy sources. The battery energy storage system (BESS) and extra high voltage alternating current/ direct current (EHVAC/DC)

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Haidar Ali, Haidar Ali, Budi Sudiarto, Fauzan Hanif Jufri Fauzan, Ahmad Yusuf Salile Ahmad Yusuf Salile, Eldi Firmansyah Nasution Eldi, and M. Marbun M. Marbun. "Study of Reducing Transmission Losses in Java-Bali System with the Addition of Capacitors along with Optimal Capacitor Placement Methods Using Quasi-Dynamic Simulation." International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v2i1.39.

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The Java-Bali electricity system is the largest electricity system in Indonesia which consists of 5 areas including Jakarta-Banten area, West Java area, Central Java area, East Java area and Bali area. This system is operated to meet the economic, reliability, quality, and green principles. In the case of reliability, one of the essential aims is minimization of transmission losses due to importance in system improvement to increase system operational efficiency to the possible extent. Transmission losses are an inevitable part of the electric power transfer process from generation stations to

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Uddin, Zeb, Zeb, et al. "A Neural Network-Based Model Reference Control Architecture for Oscillation Damping in Interconnected Power System." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193653.

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In this paper, a model reference controller (MRC) based on a neural network (NN) is proposed for damping oscillations in electric power systems. Variation in reactive load, internal or external perturbation/faults, and asynchronization of the connected machine cause oscillations in power systems. If the oscillation is not damped properly, it will lead to a complete collapse of the power system. An MRC base unified power flow controller (UPFC) is proposed to mitigate the oscillations in 2-area, 4-machine interconnected power systems. The MRC controller is using the NN for training, as well as f

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Mohd, Liaqat. "HVDC System a Need for Future Power Transmission." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2019): 165–71. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20318.

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The continuously increasing demand for electric power and the economic access to remote renewable energy sources such as off shore wind power or solar thermal generation in deserts have revived the interest in high voltage direct current HVDC multiterminal systems networks . A lot of work was done in this area, especially in the 1980s, but only two three terminal systems were realized. Since then, HVDC technology has advanced considerably and, despite numerous technical challenges, the realization of large scale HVDC networks is now seriously discussed and considered. For the acceptance and re

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Nazia, Kosser. "Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12955.

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In interconnected power system load frequency control has been used extensively. This study presents an application of a fuzzy gain scheduled proportional and integral FGPI controller for load frequency control of a three area electrical interconnected power system. The main aim is to design a FGPI controller that can ensure good performance. The paper present analysis on dynamic performance of Load Frequency Control LFC of three area interconnected thermal non reheat power system by the use of Fuzzy Intelligence. The fuzzy rules are developed to ensure there is minimum frequency deviation occ

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Nagendra, K., K. Varun, G. Som Pal, et al. "A Comprehensive Approach to Load Frequency Control in Hybrid Power Systems Incorporating Renewable and Conventional Sources with Electric Vehicles and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage." Energies 17, no. 23 (2024): 5939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17235939.

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This study addresses the load frequency control (LFC) within a multiarea power system characterized by diverse generation sources across three distinct power system areas. area 1 comprises thermal, geothermal, and electric vehicle (EV) generation with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) support; area 2 encompasses thermal and EV generation; and area 3 includes hydro, gas, and EV generation. The objective is to minimize the area control error (ACE) under various scenarios, including parameter variations and random load changes, using different control strategies: proportional-integra

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Othman, Salah Bassam, and Sreerama Kumar Ramdas. "Robust Fuzzy-PID Technique for the Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 4 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2024.8.4.639.

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This paper proposes a robust hybrid fuzzy PID controller, with the PID gain values tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for the automatic generation control (AGC) of the two-area hybrid power system. PSO Algorithm is applied to reduce the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) of the frequency and tie-line power variations of the two-area interconnected power system. The suggested method’s efficacy is examined on an interconnected two-area power system with Area 1 containing thermal reheat plants, hydropower plants, and diesel generating units, and Area 2 compri

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Kumar, Ashwini, and Omveer Singh. "Optimal AGC of a power system incorporated BESS-EHVAC/DC link using evolutionary techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (2023): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1322-1330.

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This research paper reveals the design of controller with optimization techniques for automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power system incorporated with diverse energy sources. The diverse sources are conventional thermal, hydro and gas power station (THG). The frequency deviations should be remains constant in modern power systems. Optimization techniques used for proposed model for proportional integral (PI) controller which is tuned for AGC with diverse energy sources. The battery energy storage system (BESS) and extra high voltage alternating current/ direct current (EHVAC/DC)

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Chaisaward, Adithep, Kittipong Ardhan, Jagraphon Obma, and Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool. "Designing PID controller using SSA for interconnected thermal power systems." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003321.

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This article presents a method of designing an optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a two-area interconnected thermal system. In addition, an application of Salp Swarm Algirithm (SSA) in order to design PID controllers is proposed. A method inspired by salp foraging behavior. The journey of the Salp group in the sea, by random the population of the salp and separated into leader salp and follower salp. The leader moves towards the food source and the rest of the followers follow the salp positioned in front of themselves. The param

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Gupta, Deepak Kumar, Amitkumar V. Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061581.

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The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of thr

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Mishra, Dillip Kumar, Daria Złotecka, and Li Li. "Significance of SMES Devices for Power System Frequency Regulation Scheme considering Distributed Energy Resources in a Deregulated Environment." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051766.

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Nowadays, the restructuring of power systems is extremely urgent due to the depletion of fossil fuels on the one hand and the environmental impact on the other. In the restructured environment, the incorporation of renewable energy sources and storage devices is key as they have helped achieve a milestone in the form of microgrid technology. As the restructuring of the power system increases, there are several types of generation sources, and distribution companies express their interest in trading in a deregulated environment to operate economically. When considering the power system deregula

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Pangkung, Andareas, La Ode Musa, Wana Putra, and Febryanto Kadang. "RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KELAYAKAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PICOHYDRO TIPE PROPELLER." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 15, no. 1 (2019): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v15i1.1180.

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South Sulawesi is an area which has abundant hydro energy. Thus allowing the construction of hydro power plant. According to Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) in 2012, South Sulawesi has 72.22% electrification ratio. It shows that there are 27.78% areas of South Sulawesi which have not supplied by electricity. To overcome this, a pico-scale independent power plant is required. Propeller type of picohydro power plant is one of the hydro power plants that can be used in unsupllied areas . This type of plant requires only 2-10 m head so that it has a wide coverage area usage. Beside that, it is ver

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Gulzar, Muhammad Majid, Daud Sibtain, and Muhammad Khalid. "Cascaded Fractional Model Predictive Controller for Load Frequency Control in Multiarea Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Uncertainties." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 23, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5999997.

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The rapid utilization of electricity has forced the stability of the power system for continuous operation. Due to difference in demand and generation, the frequency reference point changes that needs to be restored to its locus point for the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, a novel efficient control design is propounded to counter the phenomena of load frequency control. The designing of cascaded fractional model predictive controller coupled with fractional-order PID controller (CFMPC-FOPID) is designed for an efficient response of the power system under load disruption and s

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Buthayna, Qutaina, Shehada Ahmed, Yasin Aysar, and Alsayed Mohammed. "Geographical information systems based site selection methodology for renewable energy systems in Palestinian territories." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 3622–30. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp3622-3630.

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Renewable energy is the key term for the energy industry sector in the world recently. Palestinian territories (PT) have good potential for multiple renewable energy applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential sites for solar photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power systems, and wind farms in the West Bank (WB). The study was derived from geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The criteria for each application were identified and weighted according to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). All the resulting layers were

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Nidhi, Gupta, and M. Arora Shaifali. "A Novel Jaya Based Automatic Generation Control of Two Area Interconnected Power System with nonlinearity." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 47 (2022): 2667–72. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i47.1430.

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Abstract <strong>Background:</strong> This paper presents a novel approach to design and optimize Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area interconnected power system with different energy sources.<strong> Methods:</strong> The two area interconnected power system consists of thermal, hydro and wind energy sources in the area-1 and area-2 comprises thermal, hydro and diesel energy sources. The recently developed Jaya Optimization technique is explored to optimize PID controller parameters for the interconnected power sy

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Agung, B. Muljono, M. Ginarsa I., M. A. Nrartha I., and Dharma A. "Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System-Power System Stabilizer (T2FLS-PSS) to Improve a Large-scale Power System Stability." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp76-86.

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Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a large-scale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are dete

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Nura, Y. Okorie P. U. and Abubakar A.S. "Development of an Optimal Frequency and Terminal Voltage Control of Two-Source Two-Area System Using Optimized Pid Controller." Development of an Optimal Frequency and Terminal Voltage Control of Two-Source Two-Area System Using Optimized Pid Controller 2, no. 3 (2023): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8298121.

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The frequency and voltage challenges when subjected to load disturbance in an interconnected power system has a negative impact on power system stability. This research work is to develop an optimal secondary controller for combined load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in two area interconnected power system with thermal-hydro power plant in each area. In this work, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller used for proper control of frequency, tie-line power and voltage when subjected to the load disturbance instead of speed governor alone (which is a primary cont

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Nesenyuk, Tatyana Anatolyevna, Viktor Nikolaevich Sokolov, and Petr Sergeevich Gonchar. "Pilot tests of system for RFID-control of insulators." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-2-103-110.

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The paper considers results of pilot tests of a system for RFID-control of bracket insulators on signalling and interlocking lines and longitudinal power supply lines on an operating railway section. The system for RFID-control includes bracket insulators with built-in RFID-indicators, a registration device and software. The aim of tests is to assess a new method of contactless control of dielectric conditions of insulators in operation on an operating power transmission line. In condition of decrease of dielectric strength the system for RFID-control fixes the fault insulator by the registrat

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