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Khadarvali, S., V. Madhusudhan, and R. Kiranmayi. "Differential game theory with FPA optimization in multi-area power system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp302-308.
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The distribution generation penetration increases due to the increased need of power. These penetration causes problem of frequency deviations. In this paper the in multi-area power system the combination of renewable energy resources is proposed. Here the area 1 & area 2 are thermal power plant. Hydro power generation plant is taken in area-3 & area-4. Renewable energy system is considered in area-5. Here the cyber security attack is taken as change in power in the entire area. This can make the power block out or wrong data entry. Here differential game theory-based problem formulation is done. The PI controller and differential game theory with flower pollination are compared for performance of fast response. The MATLAB 2017b is used for building the areas and algorithm
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S., Khadarvali, Madhusudhan V., and Kiranmayi R. "Differential game theory with FPA optimization in multi-area power system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 1 (2020): 302–8. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i1.pp302-308.
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The distribution generation penetration increases due to the increased need of power. These penetration causes problem of frequency deviations. In this paper the in multi-area power system the combination of renewable energy resources is proposed. Here the area 1 & area 2 are thermal power plant. Hydro power generation plant is taken in area-3 & area-4. Renewable energy system is considered in area-5. Here the cyber security attack is taken as change in power in the entire area. This can make the power block out or wrong data entry. Here differential game theory-based problem formulation is done. The PI controller and differential game theory with flower pollination are compared for performance of fast response. The MATLAB 2017b is used for building the areas and programming the algorithm.
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Hakimuddin, Nizamuddin, Anita Khosla, and Jitendra Kumar Garg. "Centralized and decentralized AGC schemes in 2-area interconnected power system considering multi source power plants in each area." Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences 32, no. 2 (2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2018.07.003.
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ALMa’aitah, Mohammad A., Tha’er O. Sweidan, Mohammed I. Abuashour, and Mohammed Al-Hattab. "Analysis of Inter Area Power System Oscillation using Eigenvalue Method." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 06 (2018): 20417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/06/514.
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One of the power system crucial problems for stability is the oscillation at low frequencies. The low frequency oscillation (LFO) is a small signal stability of the power system and has a passive impact on the maximum power transfer (load flow) in power systems. The inter area oscillation using eigenvalue method is presented and analyzed by modeling and linearizing the system around the operating point. This paper introduces the inter area oscillation using Eigen value method by presenting and discussing a proposed power system of two-area, 4-machine into two different cases: The first case is the system running without power system stabilizer, and the second case is to deploy the power system stabilizer firstly in area 1 afterwards area 2 and finally in the two areas at the same time. The advantage of the damping of oscillations is found clearly in the system ability to increase the tie-line power flowing in the proposed system. All simulations results are carried out using MATLAB software.
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Kaliannan, Jagatheesan, Anand Baskaran, and Nilanjan Dey. "Automatic Generation Control of Thermal-Thermal-Hydro Power Systems with PID Controller using Ant Colony Optimization." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 6, no. 2 (2015): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssmet.2015040102.
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In this work, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for Load Frequency Control (LFC) of interconnected multi–area hydrothermal power systems. Area 1&2 are thermal power systems and area 3 is a hydro power system, all the areas are interconnected through the appropriate tie-line. Thermal and hydro power plants are applied with reheat turbine and electric governor respectively. Investigated power system initially applied with conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using trial and error method considering Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) objective function. After that, the system is equipped with Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller and controller parameters are optimized by using ACO algorithm with ITAE objective function. The superiority of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated by comparing conventional controller. Finally, The Simulation results of multi-area power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization technique in LFC scheme and show its superiority over conventional PI controller.
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Fayez, M., M. Mandor, M. El-Hadidy, and F. Bendary. "Inter-Area Oscillations Stabilization by Type-2 Fuzzy Based Novel Resistor Brake Model." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 12, no. 7 (2020): 951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2020.2630.
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Inter-area power oscillation is an inherent problem of weakly interconnected power systems. This paper introduces fuzzy logic controller of Type-2 to organize the interventions of novel resistor bake model for inter-area oscillation stabilization in Kundur's two-area benchmark test power system via MATLAB/Simulink-based modelling and simulation environment with the help of Interval Type-2 fuzzy logic controller toolbox. The propositioned controller uses the relative kinetic energy deviation between the two areas as an input control signal. Three case studies, including small, mild, and severe disturbances should elucidate the effectuality of the propositioned scheme. The obtained comparative time-domain simulation results should prove that the suggested stabilization regime is a reliable mean for treating the issue of inter-area power oscillations.
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Sharma, Manisha, and Manjaree Pandit. "Reserve Constrained Multi-Area Economic Dispatch Employing Evolutionary Approach." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 1, no. 3 (2010): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2010070103.
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The objective of Multi-area economic dispatch (MAED) is to determine the generation levels and the interchange power between areas that minimize fuel costs, while satisfying power balance and generating limit and transmission constraints. If an area with excess power is not adjacent to a power deficient area, or the tie-line between the two areas is at transmission limit, it is necessary to find an alternative path between these two areas to transmit additional power. When a MAED problem is solved with spinning reserve constraints, the problem becomes further complicated. The power allocation to each unit is done in such a manner that after supplying the total load, some specified reserve is left behind. In this paper, the authors compare classic PSO and DE strategies and their variants for reserve constrained MAED. The superior constraint handling capability of these techniques enables them to produce high quality solutions. The performance is tested on a 2-area system having 4 generating units and a 4-area, 16-unit system.
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Rawat, Swati, Bhola Jha, Manoj Kumar Panda, and Jyotshana Kanti. "Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control-Based Frequency Control of Hybrid Power System Using DMGS of PI Controller." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 10217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110217.
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The load frequency control of a microgrid is one of the emerging areas due to the changes in demand and supply in power system. So the controllers’ implementation must be changed accordingly. This paper proposes an interval type-2 fuzzy logic-based, dual-mode gain scheduling (DMGS) of the proportional and integral controller in which the gains of the PI controller werescheduled through the dynamic selector. This proposed controller was implemented ina hybrid microgrid power system in which nonconventional energy sources wereadded to each area of the conventional power plant, which madethe system much more prone to frequency variations. The controller was designed for three areas, consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a wind power system, a fuel cell and a diesel engine/hydropower generator in which the generation rate constraint (GRC) was considered as a nonlinearity. The proposed power system was investigated under various load conditions in the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. A comparative evaluation of changes in frequency, tie-line power fluctuations and variations in area control errors for the test system showed the effectiveness of the current approach over simple fuzzy PI and a conventional PI-controlling approach.
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Abdillah, Muhammad, and Herlambang Setiadi. "Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 31, no. 3 (2023): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1258-1265.
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Area control error (ACE) is a critical factor in linked power systems. When a disturbance occurs, ACE is utilized to determine how much power should be deployed. As a result, it is critical that the ACE have as little inaccuracy as feasible. This research provided a strategy for improving the dynamic response of ACE in a power system. A hybrid optimal controller is the name given to this technology. Coordination between the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the state feedback controller based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is the concept of a hybrid optimum controller. All controller parameters are created utilizing artificial immune system (AIS) clonal selection to improve coordination. The proposed control mechanism is demonstrated using a two-area power system as a test system. To investigate the efficacy of the suggested strategy, time domain simulation is used. The simulation results show that the suggested method outperforms the previous situations in this work (the overshot of frequency deviation in areas 1 and 2 is 0.00029 and 0.00015, respectively)
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Muhammad, Abdillah, and Setiadi Herlambang. "Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller." Area control error enhancement of two-area power system using hybrid intelligence optimal controller 31, no. 3 (2023): 1258–65. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v31.i3.pp1258-1265.
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Area control error (ACE) is a critical factor in linked power systems. When a disturbance occurs, ACE is utilized to determine how much power should be deployed. As a result, it is critical that the ACE have as little inaccuracy as feasible. This research provided a strategy for improving the dynamic response of ACE in a power system. A hybrid optimal controller is the name given to this technology. Coordination between the proportional-integral (PI) controller and the state feedback controller based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is the concept of a hybrid optimum controller. All controller parameters are created utilizing artificial immune system (AIS) clonal selection to improve coordination. The proposed control mechanism is demonstrated using a two-area power system as a test system. To investigate the efficacy of the suggested strategy, time domain simulation is used. The simulation results show that the suggested method outperforms the previous situations in this work (the overshot of frequency deviation in areas 1 and 2 is 0.00029 and 0.00015, respectively).
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Kumar, Nagendra, and Akhilesh Singh. "Load Frequency Control for multiarea Power System using Secondary Controllers." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2044.
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Load frequency control (LFC) is essential for the stable operation of a power system network. The principal task of LFC is to manage the output of the generator with respect to change in the network frequency and tie-line power; such as to restore the scheduled frequency and power exchange with other areas in a prescribe bounds. This paper carries out an analysis of the LFC for 2 areas reheat thermal system and 4 areas thermal reheat system using a generation rate constraint (GRC), by comparison of performances of secondary controllers like model predictive control (MPC), proportional integral derivative (PID), and Fuzzy cascaded PID as load frequency control scheme. A well-known optimization algorithm, i.e., Big Bang Big Crunch (BBBC) is used to obtain optimal gains of PID controllers. Various load perturbations in different areas have been considered to check the response of the controllers. Comparative analysis of the results has been obtained in terms of overshoot, undershoot and settling time. It is seen that in all cases, apart from some peaky oscillation in responses, MPC performs better than other controllers, specifically in terms of settling time. The robustness of the MPC controller is also more evident than the other controllers. HIGHLIGHTS Two area and 4 area thermal power systems have been taken for the case study PID, Fuzzy cascaded PID and MPC control schemes have been designed for the LFC A simulation model of the 2 and 4 areas power systems is presented and used to design control schemes The performance and effectiveness of all control approaches have been examined under different disturbance scenarios GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Sreedivya, K. M., P. Aruna Jeyanthy, and D. Devaraj. "Improved Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy based Wide Area Power System Stabilizer for Inter-area Oscillation Damping." Microprocessors and Microsystems 83 (June 2021): 103957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2021.103957.
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Hakimuddin, Nizamuddin, Ibraheem Nasiruddin, Terlochan Singh Bhatti, and Yogendra Arya. "Optimal Automatic Generation Control with Hydro, Thermal, Gas, and Wind Power Plants in 2-Area Interconnected Power System." Electric Power Components and Systems 48, no. 6-7 (2020): 558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2020.1793829.
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Rajveer, Singh, Kumar Kesarwani Saurabh, Kumar Gupta Neelesh, and Ashfaq Haroon. "Design of 2-Dof Pid Controller for Load Frequency Control of Two Area Power System using Mfo Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 158–61. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5009.029320.
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The paper endeavours to analyse the load frequency control for two area system. In this paper, two areas has been considered in which non-reheated type of turbine in both area are used and whose secondary loop consists a latest controller called 2 degree-of-freedom PID (2-DOF-PID) controller. The parameter of the this controller is been optimized by the latest meta heuristic algorithm also called Moth flame optimization algorithm (MFO) to minimize the deviation in frequency of area and tie-line power respectively. The same processes are repeated with PID controller and Integral controller whose parameters are also optimized by MFO. A comparison is made among the result of these and 2-DOF-PID controller prove its superiority over the other controller for minimizing the deviation which occurs in frequency of the area as well as the tie-line power.
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Rashmi, Kumbhaj* Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh Miss Durga Sharma. "DESIGNING OF SOLAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT HP MOTORS IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR RURAL AREA OF CHHATTISGARH." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 5 (2017): 568–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.230958.
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The feasibility of using a solar photovoltaic array to drive water-pumping units for irrigation and drinking water in remote areas, where other sources of power are not available has been demonstrated. Solar energy, being very costly at present, is to be used very judiciously. MATLAB software is employing to do the simulations and perform the techno-economic evaluation [2]. Thousands of cases have been carried out to achieve an optimal system configuration based on the lower net present cost and levelized cost of energy. In this work, a case study is done for a remote area situated at Chhattisgarh as a representative example of a remote agricultural area in India was presented here. Finally, comparative studies of photovoltaic cell system with stand-alone diesel generation system and also with grid extension were considered in this study. Also this paper presents an optimized power management scheme for solar PV power driven different HP motor pump with energy storage for rural irrigation. The integrated PV system will supply power to the required demand of the 3 HP and 5 HP AC submersible pump and excess power will charge the battery via a suitable DC-AC boost Converter [1]. During PV Power generation deficiency, the battery will be in discharging mode to supply the required power to drive the pump depending on its State of Charge (SOC) and thus smooth the transient power during that period.
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Fayez, Mohamed, Mohamed Mandor, Mohamed El-Hadidy, and Fahmy Bendary. "Stabilization of Inter-Area Oscillations in a Two-Area Test System via Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Based Dynamic Brake Control." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v19n1.213.
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Inter-area oscillations are, by far, the most detrimental to the synchronous integrity of interconnected power systems. This detriment comes from their wide frequency spectrum and the large numbers of the participant generators. The inherent poor damping associated with the inter-area oscillations leaves open wide probabilities for irrevocable widespread blackouts with the consequent eventual devastating outcomes measured in terms of the huge economic casualties and the possible human fatalities. This article explores the influences of the Interval Type-2 fuzzy logic-based strategized dynamic braking interventions of dual brake models, namely Thyristor Controlled Braking Resistors (TCBRs), for neutralizing the jeopardy of negatively damped inter-area power oscillations in Kundur’s two-area test system, using MATLAB™/Simulink environment. The relative inner generator's speed deviation is employed in this work as a control signal to the proposed controller. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is authenticated by considering four case studies with different severity degrees. By analyzing the performance repercussions due to four disturbances, without the implementation of the proposed scheme, the unstable nature of the system responses is clearly noticed. With the implementation of the proposed scheme, the system oscillatory behavior is stabilized in an appropriate manner. The performed comparative non-linear time-domain simulation results emphasize the great potential of the proposed scheme in mitigation of inter-area power oscillations according to the considered disturbances. The proposed scheme is simple yet effective in treating the inter-area oscillations appropriately under the considered case studies.
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Sina, Alireza, and Damanjeet Kaur. "Load frequency control of multi area interconnected power system using differential evolution algorithm." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 4 (2019): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20181110091820.
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In this paper, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller is designed using Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm to Load Frequency Control (LFC) in three areas of an interconnected power system. The proposed controller has appropriate dynamic response, so it increases damping in transient state in unhealthy conditions. Different generators have been used in three areas. Area 1 includes thermal non-reheat generator and two thermal reheat generators; area 2 includes hydro and thermal non-reheat generators, and area 3 includes hydro and thermal reheat generators. In order to evaluate the performance of the controller, Sim/Matlab software is used. Simulation results show that the controller designed using DE algorithm is not affected by load changes, disturbance, or system parameters changes. Comparing the results of proposed algorithm with other load frequency control algorithms, such as PSO and GA, it has been found that this method has a more appropriate response and satisfactory performance
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Kavitha, G., B. Kirthiga, and N. Kirubanandasarathy. "Performance Analysis of an Area Efficient and Low Power MOD-R2MDC FFT for MIMO OFDM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (June 2014): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.176.
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In this paper, an area-efficient low power fast fourier transform (FFT) processor is proposed for multi input multi output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) in wireless communication system. It consists of a modified architecture of radix-2 algorithm which is described as modified radix-2 multipath delay commutation (MOD-R2MDC). The OFDM receiver with modified R2MDC (MOD-R2MDC) FFT was designed by Hardware Description Language (HDL) coding The Xilinx ISE Design Suite 10.1 is used as a synthesis tool for getting the power and area. The Model-Sim 6.3c is used for simulation. Also the existing OFDM system has been tested with these FFT algorithms and their performances were analyzed with respect to occupancy area in FPGA and power consumption. A low-power and area efficient architecture enables the real-time operations of MIMO OFDM system.
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Francis, R., and Dr I. A. Chidambaram. "Beta Wavelet Neural Network Based Load-Frequency Controller for an Interconnected Reheat Power system with Hydrogen Electrolyser." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 5 (2013): 1587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v10i5.4147.
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This paper investigates a renewable energy resources application to the Load-Frequency Control of interconnected power system. The Proportional plus Integral(PI) controller gains of the two area interconnected thermal power system with the fast acting energy storage devices are designed based on Control Performance Standards (CPS) using conventional/Beta Wavelet Neural Network(BWNN) approaches. The energy storing device Hydrogen generative Aqua Electrolizer (HAE) with fuel cell can efficiently damp out the electromechanical oscillations in the power system because of their efficient storage capacity in addition to the kinetic energy of the generator rotor, which can share the sudden changes in power requirements. The system was simulated and the frequency deviations in area 1 and area 2 and tie-line power deviations for 1% and 5% step- load disturbance in area 1 are obtained. The comparison of frequency deviations and tie-line power deviations of the two area interconnected thermal power system with HAE designed with BWNN Controller are found to be superior than that of output response obtained using PI Controller.
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Suhada, Khairul. "Analisa Sistem Pemipaan Menggunakan Metode Manual Kalkulasi dan Simulasi Pipeflow pada PUD. Rumah Potong Hewan Kota Medan." Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan 5, no. 1 (2023): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jqt.v5i1.19730.
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Pressure losses in the piping system cause additional power to the pump which also causes additional operational costs. The main cause of pressure losses in the piping system is the unevenness of the inside area of the pipes and accessories. This research analyzes the piping system in PUD. Medan Slaughterhouse, starting from the loss of compressive energy, capacity, flow speed, efficiency, and power of the piping system and recommending a better piping system than the existing one. Data on the piping system at PUD. Medan Slaughterhouse was analyzed using fluid mechanics equations such as the Darcy-Weisbach equation and then compared with the results of pipe flow simulation calculations. This experiment provides the following information: Discharge 1.4 L/s, Cross-sectional area of Galvanized pipe/Pipe 1 0.0064 m2, Cross-sectional area of PVC pipe/Pipe 2 0.0042 m2, Fluid velocity of Pipe 1 0.0255 m/s, Fluid Speed of Pipe 2 0.333 m/s, Relative Roughness Value of Galvanized Pipe 0.0016, Relative Roughness Value of PVC Pipe 0.000006, Reynold Number of pipe 1 19985, Reynold Number of pipe 2 24075.8, Total Head of Galvanized and PVC Systems 0.16602 m, Galvanized System Total Head 0.17802 m, PVC System Total Head 0.15902 m, Galvanized and PVC System Hydrolysis Power 0.7832 Kw, Galvanized System Hydrolysis Power 0.7834 Kw, PVC System Hydrolysis Power 0.7831 Kw, Galvanized System Pump Efficiency and PVC 14.24%, Galvanized System Pump Efficiency 14.243%, PVC System Pump Efficiency 14.238%, Galvanized and PVC System Pump Power 0.055 Kw, Galvanized System Pump Power 0.055 Kw, PVC System Pump Power 0.055 Kw and the calculation results using pipeflow simulation are relatively the same.
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Dokht Shakibjoo, Ali, Mohammad Moradzadeh, Seyed Zeinolabedin Moussavi, and Hossein Afrakhte. "Online adaptive type-2 fuzzy logic control for load frequency of multi-area power system." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 37, no. 1 (2019): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-181963.
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Giri, Surya Prakash, and Sunil Kumar Sinha. "Four-Area Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Power System Using Neuro-Fuzzy Hybrid Intelligent Proportional and Integral Control Approach." Journal of Intelligent Systems 22, no. 2 (2013): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2012-0025.
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AbstractThis article presents a novel control approach, hybrid neuro-fuzzy (HNF), for the load frequency control (LFC) of a four-area interconnected power system. The advantage of this controller is that it can handle nonlinearities, and at the same time, it is faster than other existing controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed controller in increasing the damping of local and inter-area modes of oscillation is demonstrated in a four-area interconnected power system. Areas 1 and 2 consist of a thermal reheat power plant, whereas Areas 3 and 4 consist of a hydropower plant. Performance evaluation is carried out by using fuzzy, artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, and conventional proportional and integral (PI) control approaches. Four different models with different controllers are developed and simulated, and performance evaluations are carried out with said controllers. The result shows that the intelligent HNF controller has improved dynamic response and is at the same time faster than ANN, fuzzy, and conventional PI controllers.
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Zhao, Xilin, Zhenyu Lin, Bo Fu, Li He, and Na Fang. "Research on Automatic Generation Control with Wind Power Participation Based on Predictive Optimal 2-Degree-of-Freedom PID Strategy for Multi-area Interconnected Power System." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123325.
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High penetration of wind power in the modern power system renders traditional automatic generation control (AGC) methods more challenging, due to the uncertainty of the external environment, less reserve power, and small inertia constant of the power system. An improved AGC method named predictive optimal 2-degree-of-freedom proportion integral differential (PO-2-DOF-PID) is proposed in this paper, which wind farm will participate in the load frequency control process. Firstly, the mathematical model of the AGC system of multi-area power grid with penetration of wind power is built. Then, predictive optimal 2-degree-of-freedom PID controller is presented to improve the system robustness considering system uncertainties. The objective function is designed based on the wind speed and whether wind farm takes part in AGC or not. The controller solves the optimization problem through the predictive theory while taking into account given constraints. In order to obtain the predictive sequence of output of the whole system, the characteristic of the 2-DOF-PID controller is integrated in the system model. A three interconnected power system is introduced as an example to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. When considering the penetration of wind power, two cases of high wind speed and low wind speed are analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively deal with the negative influence caused by wind power when wind power participates in AGC.
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Hong, Ying-Yi, and Hao Zeng. "Decentralized Multi-Area Economic Dispatch in Power Systems Using the Consensus Algorithm." Energies 17, no. 15 (2024): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17153609.
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A multi-area power system requires coordination to enhance reliability and reduce operating costs. Economic dispatch in such systems is crucial because of the uncertainties associated with variable loads and the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. This paper presents a hierarchical consensus algorithm designed to determine the economic dispatch in a multi-area power system, accounting for the uncertainties in load and renewable generation. The proposed algorithm, which utilizes distributed agents, operates across three levels. Level 1 coordinates all areas, while levels 2 and 3 form a leader–follower consensus algorithm for overall economic dispatch. Breadth-first search is employed to identify the leader agent within each area. To address the uncertainties in loads and renewable generation, Monte Carlo simulations are performed. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated using the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems, as well as a realistic 1968-bus power system in Taiwan. The traditional equal lambda method is employed to verify that the proposed approach is suitable for multi-area power systems using distributed computation.
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Rathimala, T., R. Francis, and M. Kamarasan. "Application of Neural Network Based Data Security in to LFC of a Two Area Power System." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2018.7.2.2281.
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The paper is concentrated with the study of design of a data security system based on neural networks. This data security method added Load-Frequency Control of reheat interconnected two area power systems problems with non-linearity. The neural network control is incorporated to load-frequency control in power systems. Elman Recurrent neural network is involves forecasting controller and system’s output. The system was simulated and the frequency variations in area 1 and area 2 and tie-line power variations for 1% step-load disturbance in area 1 were obtained. The comparison due to frequency variations and tie-line power deviations for the two area interconnected thermal power system. The result data of different keys were taken as test data, encrypted, decrypted and compared with the original data. The results have ensured better its advantages over conventional techniques.
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Rai, Pradeep, Bikram Chhetri, Chimi Dem, Khalishore Chhetri, Phuntsho Tashi, and Sanjita Lepcha. "LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEM GRID INVOLVING WIND AND HYDROPOWER PLANT AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Journal of Applied Engineering, Technology and Management 1, no. 1 (2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54417/jaetm.v1i1.23.
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Power demand is expanding day by day. The greatest test is to give continuous and top-notch power to clients in factor conditions particularly when we interconnect the two areas utilizing power tie-line. To achieve this, the two boundaries should consistently be checked for each condition, these boundaries are Load Distribution and Load Frequency Control (LFC).The primary work of the load frequency control is to regulate the power output of the generator within a specified area with respect to change in system frequency and tie-line power, such as to maintain the scheduled system frequency and power interchange with other areas in a prescribed limit [1][2]. In this paper, the study of LFC system for two areas consisting of Hydropower Plant and Wind Power Plant are carried out. The fuzzy gain scheduled proportional-integral (FGSPI) and fuzzy gain scheduled proportional integral derivative (FGSPID) controllers are designed for load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area interconnected power system. The proposed FGSPI and FGSPID controllers are compared against conventional proportional-integral (PI) controllers and Proportional integral derivation (PID) controllers concerning settling times and peak overshoots of the tie-line power and frequency deviations as performance indices. Comparative analysis indicates that the proposed intelligent controller gives better performance than conventional controllers. Simulations have been performed using Simulink toolbox in MATLAB.
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Muppoori, Nagendra, Sd Asfiya, Kumar N. Santosh, and Prasad M. Durga. "Performance comparison of several controllers in load frequency control of modern interconnected power system." i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering 17, no. 3 (2024): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.3.20694.
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This paper presents the Load Frequency Control of two modern interconnected power systems. Area 1 comprises a combination of conventional generators, Solar PV, and Solar Thermal, while Area 2 combines conventional generators with wind and Solar Thermal. Governor dead band and appropriate generation rate constraints are considered for conventional generators in both areas. Additionally, Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) and Battery Energy Storage (BES) are the two forms of energy storage units (ES) included in the system. The three controllers PID, Tilt- Integral-Derivative (TID), and Fractional-Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) are investigated and compared for TAMSPS. The controller gains are optimized using the PSO algorithm. The system dynamic performances are studied with a 1% step load perturbation and random loads in Area 1 with different controllers.
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Ayyappan, Dr B. Prakash, Parthiban T, and Barkavi M. "Generation Control of Multi-Area Multi-Source Power System using Fire-Fly Algorithm." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 11, no. 05 (2024): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2024.v1105.20.
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This article presents automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected three area power system having different production sources such as hydropower, thermal and gas power plants. The control areas are provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints of 3%/min. An attempt has been made to apply a Proportional derivative–Proportional integral derivative (PD–PID) cascade controller in AGC. Controller gains are optimized simultaneously using more robust and powerful evolutionary computational technique Firefly Algorithm (FFA). Performance of classical controllers such as Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller are investigated and compared with PD–PID cascade controller. Investigations reveal that PI, and PID provide more or less same response where as PD–PID cascade controller provides much better response than the later. The system dynamic performances are studied with 1% and 2% step load perturbation in Area1. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the FFA optimized PD–PID Cascade controller parameters obtained at nominal condition of loading, size and position of disturbance and system parameter (Inertia constant, H) are robust and need not be reset with wide changes in system loading, size, position of disturbance and system parameters.
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V., Sudhakar, Karri Chandram, and Jaya A. "Equal Incremental Fuel Cost Approach for Multi Area Operation of Power System." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 13, no. 1 (2017): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.13.1.2.
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This paper presents a novel approach, Equal Incremental fuel cost (λ-Concept) approach, for solving Multi Area Economic Dispatch (MAED) problem. It is a simple approach and developed from the basic observation of incremental fuel cost of an area. The proposed approach has been tested on 4-area system with four generators in each area and a large 2-area system consists of 120 generators. The suggested algorithm has been tested extensively by considering the different tie line power transfer limits and useful recommendations are provided. Further, the impact of tie line power transfer limits on total fuel cost is also discussed. It is found from the test cases that the proposed method is shown to be robust, very fast and extensible to include a large class of problems. The simulation results of the proposed method have been compared with the existing methods.
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Xu, Qiang Ye, Jin Lian, and Hao Lian. "An Adaptive Protection Method for Power System under Wide Area Networks." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4189.
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The grid structure and its operation mood are becoming more complicated with the expansion of China Power Network which have higher requirement for security protection for relay protection network. This article proposes adaptive setting of switch positioner and line fault under wide area networks. Adaptive setting of switch positioner in system operation mode can effectively extend the protection scope of zone 2 impedance relay on the premise of protecting the cooperative relationship which has a better sensibility than traditional setting value of zone 2 impedance relay. Adaptive setting of line fault has high level of adaptation in system operation mode and sensitivity in each adjacent line which has lager protection scope than that of the traditional setting value and switch positioner.
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Tavakkoli, Mehdi, Jafar Adabi, Sasan Zabihi, Radu Godina, and Edris Pouresmaeil. "Reserve Allocation of Photovoltaic Systems to Improve Frequency Stability in Hybrid Power Systems." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102583.
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This study suggests a model to include a solar power system or photovoltaic system (PV) in the control of frequency by taking into account a percentage of the PV power production for back-up reserve. This is done by investigating two scenarios: PV contribution in (1) initial primary frequency control and (2) entire primary frequency control. As explained in section three, 10% power of the PV modules which receive more than 400 w/m2 irradiation is allocated for the power reserve. The power generation of photovoltaic systems depends largely on weather conditions which makes their output power associated with some degree of uncertainty. For this reason, in this paper, a PV system is considered along with conventional hydro and thermal units and they are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink (version 9.3, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) with the purpose of exploring the behavior of the intended method. In the next phase, for further studies, this system is extended to multi-area power systems including gas turbines. The results of the simulation demonstrated that the photovoltaic involvement in the control of frequency can successfully amend the frequency of the overall network. Not only it can decrease the overshoot and undershoot of the frequency response, it has the ability to improve the settling time as well, which helps the system reach the steady state easily and in shorter time. Specifically, the overshoot has reached nearly zero in both one area and two area systems and undershoot has declined up to 60% and 50% in the one area and two-area system, respectively. Considering settling time, while it had a negligible improvement in the one area system, it showed a remarkable enhancement in the two-area system, which improved from about 25 s to 6 s by using the proposed method.
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K., Sumanth Kumar, and Thirumalaiah S. "Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 2 (2020): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3842821.
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This paper proposes a method to determine the magnitude and location of load disturbances in multi area power systems via monitoring tie line power flows, implementing demand response regionally. In this work, proposes an intelligent coordination between secondary control and demand response through a supervisory fuzzy PI based coordinator. The simulations were performed in the environment of MATLAB SIMULINK. K. Sumanth Kumar | S. Thirumalaiah "Load Frequency Control of Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29823.pdf
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Ashwini, Kumar, and Singh Omveer. "Optimal AGC of a power system incorporated BESSEHVAC/DC link using evolutionary techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 14, no. 3 (2023): 1322~1330. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1322-1330.
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This research paper reveals the design of controller with optimization techniques for automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power system incorporated with diverse energy sources. The diverse sources are conventional thermal, hydro and gas power station (THG). The frequency deviations should be remains constant in modern power systems. Optimization techniques used for proposed model for proportional integral (PI) controller which is tuned for AGC with diverse energy sources. The battery energy storage system (BESS) and extra high voltage alternating current/ direct current (EHVAC/DC) link investigated with proposed model. The proposed model has been tested with 1% step load perturbation (SLP) and MATLAB/Simulink verified their results. All the simulation results justified the area control error (ACE) with frequency deviation & tie-line power flow for area-1 and area-2. The comparative study done for PI controller with GA & PSO in the proposed model. It has shown its efficacy with proposed model including BESS and EHVAC/DC-link using GA and PSO.
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Haidar Ali, Haidar Ali, Budi Sudiarto, Fauzan Hanif Jufri Fauzan, Ahmad Yusuf Salile Ahmad Yusuf Salile, Eldi Firmansyah Nasution Eldi, and M. Marbun M. Marbun. "Study of Reducing Transmission Losses in Java-Bali System with the Addition of Capacitors along with Optimal Capacitor Placement Methods Using Quasi-Dynamic Simulation." International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v2i1.39.
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The Java-Bali electricity system is the largest electricity system in Indonesia which consists of 5 areas including Jakarta-Banten area, West Java area, Central Java area, East Java area and Bali area. This system is operated to meet the economic, reliability, quality, and green principles. In the case of reliability, one of the essential aims is minimization of transmission losses due to importance in system improvement to increase system operational efficiency to the possible extent. Transmission losses are an inevitable part of the electric power transfer process from generation stations to consumers. The power losses in a transmission line are inversely proportional to the square of the line voltage. This implies that lower line voltages result in higher power losses. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain optimal voltage levels to minimize transmission losses and ensure efficient energy delivery across the power system. One effective way to achieve this is by integrating capacitors into the system. In this study, we have explored two methods that aim to pinpoint the most advantageous locations for the integration of new capacitors. The goal is to optimize capacitor planning, with an emphasis not only on improving voltage levels but also on minimizing transmission losses within the Java-Bali system. The research results indicate that implementing two proposed methods can significantly reduce transmission losses in The Java-Bali system. Method-1 involves identifying the lowest voltage over the course of a year, while Method-2 focuses on the lowest voltage value within the first quartile (Q1/25%) during the same period
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Uddin, Zeb, Zeb, et al. "A Neural Network-Based Model Reference Control Architecture for Oscillation Damping in Interconnected Power System." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193653.
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In this paper, a model reference controller (MRC) based on a neural network (NN) is proposed for damping oscillations in electric power systems. Variation in reactive load, internal or external perturbation/faults, and asynchronization of the connected machine cause oscillations in power systems. If the oscillation is not damped properly, it will lead to a complete collapse of the power system. An MRC base unified power flow controller (UPFC) is proposed to mitigate the oscillations in 2-area, 4-machine interconnected power systems. The MRC controller is using the NN for training, as well as for plant identification. The proposed NN-based MRC controller is capable of damping power oscillations; hence, the system acquires a stable condition. The response of the proposed MRC is compared with the traditionally used proportional integral (PI) controller to validate its performance. The key performance indicator integral square error (ISE) and integral absolute error (IAE) of both controllers is calculated for single phase, two phase, and three phase faults. MATLAB/Simulink is used to implement and simulate the 2-area, 4-machine power system.
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Mohd, Liaqat. "HVDC System a Need for Future Power Transmission." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2019): 165–71. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20318.
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The continuously increasing demand for electric power and the economic access to remote renewable energy sources such as off shore wind power or solar thermal generation in deserts have revived the interest in high voltage direct current HVDC multiterminal systems networks . A lot of work was done in this area, especially in the 1980s, but only two three terminal systems were realized. Since then, HVDC technology has advanced considerably and, despite numerous technical challenges, the realization of large scale HVDC networks is now seriously discussed and considered. For the acceptance and reliability of these networks, the availability of HVDC circuit breakers CBs will be critical, making them one of the key enabling technologies. Numerous ideas for HVDC breaker schemes have been published and patented, but no acceptable solution has been found to interrupt HVDC short circuit currents. This paper aims to summarize the literature, especially that of the last two decades, on technology areas that are relevant to HVDC breakers. By comparing the mainly 20 years old, state of the art HVDC CBs to the new HVDC technology, existing discrepancies become evident. Areas where additional research and development are needed are identified and proposed. for the couple of well known applications are discussed. Mohd Liaqat "HVDC System: a Need for Future Power Transmission" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20318.pdf
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Nazia, Kosser. "Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12955.
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In interconnected power system load frequency control has been used extensively. This study presents an application of a fuzzy gain scheduled proportional and integral FGPI controller for load frequency control of a three area electrical interconnected power system. The main aim is to design a FGPI controller that can ensure good performance. The paper present analysis on dynamic performance of Load Frequency Control LFC of three area interconnected thermal non reheat power system by the use of Fuzzy Intelligence. The fuzzy rules are developed to ensure there is minimum frequency deviation occur when load is changed. The proposed controller limits the frequency deviations effectively as compared to conventional controller. The results has been verified by using MATLAB Simulink software. Nazia Kosser "Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12955.pdf
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Nagendra, K., K. Varun, G. Som Pal, et al. "A Comprehensive Approach to Load Frequency Control in Hybrid Power Systems Incorporating Renewable and Conventional Sources with Electric Vehicles and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage." Energies 17, no. 23 (2024): 5939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17235939.
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This study addresses the load frequency control (LFC) within a multiarea power system characterized by diverse generation sources across three distinct power system areas. area 1 comprises thermal, geothermal, and electric vehicle (EV) generation with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) support; area 2 encompasses thermal and EV generation; and area 3 includes hydro, gas, and EV generation. The objective is to minimize the area control error (ACE) under various scenarios, including parameter variations and random load changes, using different control strategies: proportional-integral-derivative (PID), two-degree-of-freedom PID (PID-2DF), fractional-order PID (FOPID), fractional-order integral (FOPID-FOI), and fractional-order integral and derivative (FOPID-FOID) controllers. The result analysis under various conditions (normal, random, and parameter variations) evidences the superior performance of the FOPID-FOID control scheme over the others in terms of time-domain specifications like oscillations and settling time. The FOPID-FOID control scheme provides advantages like adaptability/flexibility to system parameter changes and better response time for the current power system. This research is novel because it shows that the FOPID-FOID is an excellent control scheme that can integrate these diverse/renewable sources with modern systems.
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Othman, Salah Bassam, and Sreerama Kumar Ramdas. "Robust Fuzzy-PID Technique for the Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources." European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 4 (2024): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejece.2024.8.4.639.
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This paper proposes a robust hybrid fuzzy PID controller, with the PID gain values tuned using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for the automatic generation control (AGC) of the two-area hybrid power system. PSO Algorithm is applied to reduce the integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) of the frequency and tie-line power variations of the two-area interconnected power system. The suggested method’s efficacy is examined on an interconnected two-area power system with Area 1 containing thermal reheat plants, hydropower plants, and diesel generating units, and Area 2 comprising thermal reheat plants and renewable energy sources (RES): wind energy conversion system, solar photovoltaic system, and electric vehicles. The thermal reheat power plants are modelled taking into consideration the governor dead band (GDB) and the generation rate constraints (GRC). The performance of the presented controller is compared with the genetic algorithm-optimized PID AGC and the PSO-optimised PID AGC. The simulation outcomes show superior results of the proposed controller against other controllers. Further, sensitivity analysis reflects that the proposed technique provides better dynamic response and robustness than the other techniques.
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Kumar, Ashwini, and Omveer Singh. "Optimal AGC of a power system incorporated BESS-EHVAC/DC link using evolutionary techniques." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (2023): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1322-1330.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper reveals the design of controller with optimization techniques for automatic generation control (AGC) in multi-area power system incorporated with diverse energy sources. The diverse sources are conventional thermal, hydro and gas power station (THG). The frequency deviations should be remains constant in modern power systems. Optimization techniques used for proposed model for proportional integral (PI) controller which is tuned for AGC with diverse energy sources. The battery energy storage system (BESS) and extra high voltage alternating current/ direct current (EHVAC/DC) link investigated with proposed model. The proposed model has been tested with 1% step load perturbation (SLP) and MATLAB/Simulink verified their results. All the simulation results justified the area control error (ACE) with frequency deviation & tie-line power flow for area-1 and area-2. The comparative study done for PI controller with GA & PSO in the proposed model. It has shown its efficacy with proposed model including BESS and EHVAC/DC- link using GA and PSO.
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Chaisaward, Adithep, Kittipong Ardhan, Jagraphon Obma, and Worawat Sa-ngiamvibool. "Designing PID controller using SSA for interconnected thermal power systems." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 3 (May 27, 2024): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2024.003321.
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This article presents a method of designing an optimal Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a two-area interconnected thermal system. In addition, an application of Salp Swarm Algirithm (SSA) in order to design PID controllers is proposed. A method inspired by salp foraging behavior. The journey of the Salp group in the sea, by random the population of the salp and separated into leader salp and follower salp. The leader moves towards the food source and the rest of the followers follow the salp positioned in front of themselves. The parameters of PID were achieved by trial and error methods by designers. As an interconneted thermal power system with a Governor Deadband (GDB) is nonlinear and dynamic system, the Integral Squared Error (ISE) criterion has been used as objective function to find optimum controller gain. In order to solve this problem, SSA is proposed to concurrently tune PID gains of the PID controllers to minimize frequency deviations and tie-line power deviations by simulation the interconnected thermal power system .Compare of tuning PID controller from each optimization technique SSA and PSO .Simulation results clearly show that the performance of the system after taking SLP into the interconnected thermal power system that tuning by SSA and PSO and the robustness of the optimal PID controllers are superior to the conventional PID controllers in terms of settling time (–10.46 % in area 1, +0.87 % in area 2 and +0.57 % in power tie-line), overshoot (–10.61 % in area 1 and –10.87 % in area 2) that obtain by (SSA) method less value than the value that obtain by (PSO) method and the power tie-line. Integral Absolute Error (IAE) (–0.38 %) that obtain by (SSA) few errors. Comparisons to the tuned with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approaches is also included
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Gupta, Deepak Kumar, Amitkumar V. Jha, Bhargav Appasani, Avireni Srinivasulu, Nicu Bizon, and Phatiphat Thounthong. "Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061581.
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The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of three different optimization techniques, namely, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed algorithm was used to tune the parameters of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the automatic load frequency control of the multi-source power system. The integral time absolute error was used as the objective function. Moreover, the controller was also tuned to ensure that the tie-line power and the frequency of the multi-source power system were within the acceptable limits. A two-area power system was designed using MATLAB-Simulink tool, consisting of three types of power sources, viz., thermal power plant, hydro power plant, and gas-turbine power plant. The overall efficacy of the proposed algorithm was tested for two different case studies. In the first case study, both the areas were subjected to a load increment of 0.01 p.u. In the second case, the two areas were subjected to different load increments of 0.03 p.u and 0.02 p.u, respectively. Furthermore, the settling time and the peak overshoot were considered to measure the effect on the frequency deviation and on the tie-line response. For the first case study, the settling times for the frequency deviation in area-1, the frequency deviation in area-2, and the tie-line power flow were 8.5 s, 5.5 s, and 3.0 s, respectively. In comparison, these values were 8.7 s, 6.1 s, and 5.5 s, using PSO; 8.7 s, 7.2 s, and 6.5 s, using FA; and 9.0 s, 8.0 s, and 11.0 s using GSA. Similarly, for case study II, these values were: 5.5 s, 5.6 s, and 5.1 s, using the proposed algorithm; 6.2 s, 6.3 s, and 5.3 s, using PSO; 7.0 s, 6.5 s, and 10.0 s, using FA; and 8.5 s, 7.5 s, and 12.0 s, using GSA. Thus, the proposed algorithm performed better than the other techniques.
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Mishra, Dillip Kumar, Daria Złotecka, and Li Li. "Significance of SMES Devices for Power System Frequency Regulation Scheme considering Distributed Energy Resources in a Deregulated Environment." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051766.
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Nowadays, the restructuring of power systems is extremely urgent due to the depletion of fossil fuels on the one hand and the environmental impact on the other. In the restructured environment, the incorporation of renewable energy sources and storage devices is key as they have helped achieve a milestone in the form of microgrid technology. As the restructuring of the power system increases, there are several types of generation sources, and distribution companies express their interest in trading in a deregulated environment to operate economically. When considering the power system deregulation, the contract value deviates in some situations, resulting in an imbalance between the generation and the energy consumption, which can bring the system into a power outage condition. In particular, load frequency control has been a great challenge over the past few decades to ensure the stable operation of power systems. This study considers two generation sources: mini-hydro in GENCO-1 and 3 and microgrid (combination of wind, fuel cell, battery storage, and diesel engine) in GENCO-2 and 4. It is two equal-area networks; in area-1, GENCO-1 and 2, and in area-2, GENCO-3 and 4 are considered, respectively. In addition, a FOPID controller and two ancillary devices, such as a unified power flow controller and a superconducting magnetic energy storage system, have been incorporated. Three different test networks have been formed according to the contract value, such as unilateral, bilateral, and agreement violations. The simulation results show that ancillary devices and controller participation significantly enhance the system response by reducing the frequency and tie-line power fluctuation. To validate the efficacy of the proposed method, respective performance indices and percentages of improvement have been obtained. Finally, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed restructured power system in a deregulated environment.
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Pangkung, Andareas, La Ode Musa, Wana Putra, and Febryanto Kadang. "RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KELAYAKAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA PICOHYDRO TIPE PROPELLER." Jurnal Teknik Mesin Sinergi 15, no. 1 (2019): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31963/sinergi.v15i1.1180.
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South Sulawesi is an area which has abundant hydro energy. Thus allowing the construction of hydro power plant. According to Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) in 2012, South Sulawesi has 72.22% electrification ratio. It shows that there are 27.78% areas of South Sulawesi which have not supplied by electricity. To overcome this, a pico-scale independent power plant is required. Propeller type of picohydro power plant is one of the hydro power plants that can be used in unsupllied areas . This type of plant requires only 2-10 m head so that it has a wide coverage area usage. Beside that, it is very easy in maintenance and simple in construction. Seeing this, picohydro power plant’s design and proper test is important to do as a solution for the people in an unsupplied area. Based on design and proper test , a hydro power plant with 180 mm diameter turbine tap and 55 mm diameter turbine hub, 4 turbine blades and 7 % as the highest system efficiency is constructed.
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Gulzar, Muhammad Majid, Daud Sibtain, and Muhammad Khalid. "Cascaded Fractional Model Predictive Controller for Load Frequency Control in Multiarea Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Uncertainties." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (February 23, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5999997.
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The rapid utilization of electricity has forced the stability of the power system for continuous operation. Due to difference in demand and generation, the frequency reference point changes that needs to be restored to its locus point for the stable operation of the power system. Therefore, a novel efficient control design is propounded to counter the phenomena of load frequency control. The designing of cascaded fractional model predictive controller coupled with fractional-order PID controller (CFMPC-FOPID) is designed for an efficient response of the power system under load disruption and system parameter variations. The controller is optimized by sooty tern optimization algorithm to identify the optimal parameters of the controller. The controller is tested under power mixing of renewable energy sources (i.e., PV and wind) and under varying load scenarios in multiarea hybrid power system. The proposed controller has effectively handled the frequency disruption under distinct load change by stabilizing it in 1.34 sec, 0.60 sec, and 0.41 sec for area-1 with an average time of 0.78 sec, and for area-2, the stabilizing time is 1.40 sec, 0.89 sec, and 0.56 sec with an average time of 0.95 sec, whereas the average time for MPC/PI, DSA-FOPID, GWO: PI-PD, and SCA: FOPI-FOPID is 7.67 sec, 4.68 sec, 1.77 sec, and 4.72 sec, respectively, for area-1 and 6.47 sec, 5.13 sec, 3.45 sec, and 5.02 sec, respectively, for area-2. The outcome result justifies the superiority of the studied technique.
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Buthayna, Qutaina, Shehada Ahmed, Yasin Aysar, and Alsayed Mohammed. "Geographical information systems based site selection methodology for renewable energy systems in Palestinian territories." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 3622–30. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp3622-3630.
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Renewable energy is the key term for the energy industry sector in the world recently. Palestinian territories (PT) have good potential for multiple renewable energy applications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential sites for solar photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power systems, and wind farms in the West Bank (WB). The study was derived from geographical information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The criteria for each application were identified and weighted according to the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). All the resulting layers were multiplied to produce the final suitability map for each application. The results of the study depend on two scenarios, In the first scenario, where area C is included, the areas classified as highly suitable for photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), and wind turbines are between 14.27 and 7.56 km 2 . The second scenario is excluding area C, the highly suitable areas were between 4.1 to 2.47 km 2
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Agung, B. Muljono, M. Ginarsa I., M. A. Nrartha I., and Dharma A. "Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System-Power System Stabilizer (T2FLS-PSS) to Improve a Large-scale Power System Stability." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp76-86.
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Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a large-scale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
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Nidhi, Gupta, and M. Arora Shaifali. "A Novel Jaya Based Automatic Generation Control of Two Area Interconnected Power System with nonlinearity." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 47 (2022): 2667–72. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i47.1430.
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Abstract <strong>Background:</strong> This paper presents a novel approach to design and optimize Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of two-area interconnected power system with different energy sources.<strong> Methods:</strong> The two area interconnected power system consists of thermal, hydro and wind energy sources in the area-1 and area-2 comprises thermal, hydro and diesel energy sources. The recently developed Jaya Optimization technique is explored to optimize PID controller parameters for the interconnected power system by Matlab. <strong>Findings:</strong> The dynamic responses of power system is studied including the non-linearities like Governor Dead band (GDB), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and boiler dynamics under 1% step load perturbation.<strong> Novelty and applications</strong> The beauty of Jaya algorithm is that it works with only few control parameters as compared with other algorithms which help in improving dynamic responses and performance values of power system with non-linearities. Hence, the frequency stability is achieved at faster convergence at loads. The comparative analysis of proposed technique with other techniques like Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithm for the same power system justify the effectiveness of proposed approach. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Automatic Generation Control; PID Controller; Nonlinearities; Renewable Sources; Jaya Algorithm
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Nura, Y. Okorie P. U. and Abubakar A.S. "Development of an Optimal Frequency and Terminal Voltage Control of Two-Source Two-Area System Using Optimized Pid Controller." Development of an Optimal Frequency and Terminal Voltage Control of Two-Source Two-Area System Using Optimized Pid Controller 2, no. 3 (2023): 22–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8298121.
Full textAbstract:
The frequency and voltage challenges when subjected to load disturbance in an interconnected power system has a negative impact on power system stability. This research work is to develop an optimal secondary controller for combined load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in two area interconnected power system with thermal-hydro power plant in each area. In this work, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller used for proper control of frequency, tie-line power and voltage when subjected to the load disturbance instead of speed governor alone (which is a primary controller). Then, one of the soft computing techniques called sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) proposed to be used in this study to optimized the PID controller gains and ensure that the frequency, voltage and tie-line errors are minimized to the optimal level. The optimized SCA-PID control scheme was implemented on LFC-AVR model of two area interconnected power system. The stability analysis carried out on frequency, tie line power, voltage deviations and peak undershoot, peak-overshoot and settling time were used as performance metrics. The result reveals that the SCA optimized PID controller has achieved reduced frequency undershoot and settling time of -0.28Hz and -0.29Hz, signifying 60.86% and 61.7% and settling time differences are -2.77 second and -2.37 second, signifying 56.76% and 54.48%, in area 1 & 2 respectively, over SA-tuned PID controller, with little improvement in voltage reduced overshoot in both area 1 & 2. Similarly, the tie-line power deviations settling time found to be -0.51 second when the SCA- tuned PID controller is applied. This also indicate 8.39% reduction in tie-line power deviations settling time compared to SA-tuned PID control technique. The results indicated that proposed Sine-Cosine Algorithm outperformed the SA reported in the literature. The proposed research work, show up an improvement in minimization of the frequency, tie-line power and voltage deviations
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Nesenyuk, Tatyana Anatolyevna, Viktor Nikolaevich Sokolov, and Petr Sergeevich Gonchar. "Pilot tests of system for RFID-control of insulators." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-2-103-110.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers results of pilot tests of a system for RFID-control of bracket insulators on signalling and interlocking lines and longitudinal power supply lines on an operating railway section. The system for RFID-control includes bracket insulators with built-in RFID-indicators, a registration device and software. The aim of tests is to assess a new method of contactless control of dielectric conditions of insulators in operation on an operating power transmission line. In condition of decrease of dielectric strength the system for RFID-control fixes the fault insulator by the registration device and with the use of software determines its exact location on a controlled section of an aerial power supply line. On the first stage all studies are carried out with the use of developed prototype of a portable RFID-registrator that determines operation areas of RFID-indicators in the area of a signalling and interlocking line pole. An operator fixes response signals of insulators after every 30° moving radially after every 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m regarding a power supply pole. As a result of studies of the first stage, the authors have developed a technology for installation of an indicator on bracket insulators of an operating power transmission line. Moreover, they have substantiated an introduction of the system for RFID-control of VL insulators in networks with insulated neutral for signals and interlocking lines and longitudinal power supply lines.