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Academic literature on the topic '2-cylinder engine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

Buitkamp, Thomas, Michael Günthner, Florian Müller, and Tim Beutler. "A detailed study of a cylinder activation concept by efficiency loss analysis and 1D simulation." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 4, 2020): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00070-1.

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Abstract Cylinder deactivation is a well-known measure for reducing fuel consumption, especially when applied to gasoline engines. Mostly, such systems are designed to deactivate half of the number of cylinders of the engine. In this study, a new concept is investigated for deactivating only one out of four cylinders of a commercial vehicle diesel engine (“3/4-cylinder concept”). For this purpose, cylinders 2–4 of the engine are operated in “real” 3-cylinder mode, thus with the firing order and ignition distance of a regular 3-cylinder engine, while the first cylinder is only activated near full load, running in parallel to the fourth cylinder. This concept was integrated into a test engine and evaluated on an engine test bench. As the investigations revealed significant improvements for the low-to-medium load region as well as disadvantages for high load, an extensive numerical analysis was carried out based on the experimental results. This included both 1D simulation runs and a detailed cylinder-specific efficiency loss analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, further steps for optimizing the concept were derived and studied by numerical calculations. As a result, it can be concluded that the 3/4-cylinder concept may provide significant improvements of real-world fuel economy when integrated as a drive unit into a tractor.

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Moskwa, John J., Wenbo Wang, and Duane J. Bucheger. "A New Methodology for Use in Engine Diagnostics and Control, Utilizing “Synthetic” Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 123, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1387019.

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This paper describes new methodologies and algorithms for use in engine diagnostics that simplify and improve combustion quality monitoring and closed-loop engine control in order to meet stringent emission standards. The “synthetic” variables these algorithms produce can be used to indicate the work produced by each cylinder combustion event at all engine speeds, and can be effectively used for on-board combustion quality measurements, engine diagnostics, and closed-loop control. The algorithms are very simple in form, run in real time, and the methodologies can be applied to compression ignition or spark ignition, 2-stroke or 4-stroke gasoline or diesel engines. Both simulation and experimental results are given for a two-stroke, two-cylinder in-line engine. The rotational dynamics and firing sequence of this configuration of engine is very similar to a four-stroke, four cylinder in-line engine, and nearly identical results will be seen with these two designs. Even more dramatic improvements can be seen with engines of fewer cylinders because of greater variations in their inertial forces. The algorithms can be successfully applied to many other engine configurations as well. Therefore, benefits can be derived from the application of these algorithms and their “synthetic” variables to control strategies for almost all modern small and medium size automotive and marine engines, as well as utility engines used for lawn care, snow removal, and other similar applications.

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Suvolapov, Volodumur, Andriy Novitskiy, Vasul Khmelevski, and Oleksandr Bustruy. "Investigation of the Heat Transfer Process in Internal Combustion Engine Cylinders." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).266-274.

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The article analyzes scientific publications and literary studies of heat transfer processes in cylinders of internal combustion engines. The research of temperature fields in engines during their operation at different modes with the use of a software package and calculation module is presented. The results of modeling and thermo-metering in homogeneous and laminated engine cylinder liners are analyzed. Graphic dependencies and temperature distribution by cylinder wall thickness at maximum and minimum temperature on cylinder surface are given. On the basis of researches it is established that at laminating and pressing of inserts temperature fields in the engine cylinder change, temperature on an internal surface of the cylinder increases at laminating on 6,5 °С, and at pressing - on 4,5 °С. This is explained by the fact that the contact layer during plastification is in the zone of non-stationary mode, and when pressing the contact layer is in the zone of stationary mode and thus increases the thickness of the cylinder by 2 millimeters. It is established that the difference of minimum and maximum temperatures on the inner surface of the cylinder practically remains the same as that of a homogeneous cylinder. Thus, modeling becomes the most effective scientific tool in the development and implementation of long-term evaluation of options for improving ICE.

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Samad, Mohd Abdul, Syed Nawazish Mehdi, and Syed Khader basha. "A Modified Cylinder Block-IC Engine Experimentation." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2095.0210321.

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In Internal combustion Engines, the adequate cooling plays vital role for proper functioning and enhanced efficiencies. In the present scenario, the demand for Air cooled Engines with higher powers is increasing and hence necessity for Augmented heat transfer through fins. The present work confined to fins mounted on the cylinder block.In the present work, Internal Combustion Engine test rig is used, which consist of 4S, single cylinder, vertical, air cooled, SI Engine with Instrumentation panel, Throttle control mechanism and Electrical Loading system. The performance test on IC engine is carried out for three various configurations of cylinder blocks i.e., 1. Actual cylinder block 2.Cylinder block with triangular profile fins 3. Cylinder block with perforated triangular profile fins. Performance parameters are evaluated, plotted and compared & eventually conclusions are made.

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Zheng, Zhong Cai, Na Liu, Yan Gao, Kun Jin Zhang, and Hai Ou Chen. "Free Modal Analysis of a 2-Cylinder Diesel Engine Cylinder Block." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.310.

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The three dimensional model of a 2-cylinder diesel engine block is established with the P ro/E software, and then the modal analysis of the engine block is carried out using finite element method with ANSYS software . Through the analysis, the inherent frequencies and mode shapes of the first 6 order modes are obtained respectively, and then are compared with the testing result; comparison shows the results of FEA estimation are in good agreement with those of testing which indicates the FEA results’ correctness. The results of the relative distribution of the vibration magnitude in the whole block are given, which provide necessary guides for the dynamic optimal design of the engine block.

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Anggono, Willyanto, Wataru Ikoma, Haoyu Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi, and Takashi Suzuki. "Effect of Various Supercharger Boost Pressure to in-Cylinder Pressure and Heat Release Rate Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Various Engine Rotation." E3S Web of Conferences 130 (2019): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913001036.

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The diesel engines are superior in terms of power efficiency and fuel economy compared to gasoline engines. In order to optimize the performance of direct injection diesel engine, the effect of various intake pressure (boost pressure) from supercharging direct injection diesel engine was studied at various engine rotation. A single cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used in this experiment. The bore diameter of the engine used was set to 85 mm, the stroke length was set to 96.9 mm, and the compression ratio was set to 16.3. The variation of engine rotation started from 800 rpm to 2 000 rpm with 400 rpm increment. The variation of boost pressure is bounded from 0 kPa boost pressure (naturally aspirated) to the maximum of 60 kPa boost pressure with 20 kPa boost pressure increment. The performance of the engine is evaluated in terms of in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate as the most important performance characteristics of the diesel engine. The in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate of direct injection diesel engine are increased with the elevation of boost pressure at various engine rotation. The raise of engine rotation resulted in the decrease of maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate.

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Woods, W. A., and O. K. Sag. "A Study of Cylinder-to-Cylinder Distribution of Charge in a Six Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240144.

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An experimental and theoretical study of inlet flow was carried out on a Ford V6 Zephyr four-stroke cycle spark ignition engine. Details of measurements of individual cylinder flows were made on one bank of three cylinders (Nos. 4, 5, and 6) over a range of engine speeds from 1500 to 3500 rpm and throttle positions, full (WOT) down to 1/4 position. The object of the investigation was, first, to determine experimentally the extent of the variation of flow rate from cylinder to cylinder with changes in throttle position and engine speed and, secondly, to determine whether the computer simulation could confirm the trend. The main results of the tests showed that the outer two cylinders, No. 4 and No. 6, had the same flow rate within a variation of about 1/2 percent and that the middle cylinder, No. 5, had about 3 percent more flow at low speeds and 1 percent more at high speeds. In the main these were confirmed by the computer calculations. The volumetric efficiencies were also determined; these produced fairly smooth curves decreasing about 4 to 6 percentage points over the speed range and decreasing progressively as the throttle was reduced. There was evidence of recovery in the magnitude of volumetric efficiency at higher speeds and smaller throttle openings. The computer results also produced these trends.

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Shokrollahihassanbarough, Farzad, Ali Alqahtani, and Mirosław Wyszynski. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116867.

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Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been considered, to demonstrate the fundamental efficiency advantage of OP2S engines. Hence, simulations of two different engine configurations have been taken into consideration: a one-cylinder opposed piston engine and two-cylinder conventional piston four-stroke engine. In pursuance of fulfilling this goal, the engines have been simulated in AVL Boost™ platform which is one of the most accurate Virtual Engine Tools, to predict engine performance such as combustion optimization, emission and fuel consumption. To minimize the potential differences of friction losses, the bore and stroke per cylinder are taken as constant. The closed-cycle performance of the engine configurations is compared using a custom analysis tool that allows the sources of thermal efficiency differences to be identified and quantified. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, power and torque of OP2S engine have been improved compared to conventional engines while emission concern has been alleviated.

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Olsen, D. B., J. C. Holden, G. C. Hutcherson, and B. D. Willson. "Formaldehyde Characterization Utilizing In-Cylinder Sampling in a Large Bore Natural Gas Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (December 7, 2000): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1363601.

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This research addresses the growing need to better understand the mechanisms through which engine-out formaldehyde is formed in two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engines. The investigation is performed using a number of different in-cylinder sampling techniques implemented on a Cooper-Bessemer GMV-4TF four-cylinder two-stroke cycle large bore natural gas engine with a 36-cm (14-in.) bore and a 36-cm (14-in.) stroke. The development and application of various in-cylinder sampling techniques is described. Three different types of valves are utilized, (1) a large sample valve for extracting a significant fraction of the cylinder mass, (2) a fast sample valve for crank angle resolution, and (3) check valves. Formaldehyde in-cylinder sampling data are presented that show formaldehyde mole fractions at different times during the engine cycle and at different locations in the engine cylinder. The test results indicate that the latter part of the expansion process is a critical time for engine-out formaldehyde formation. The data show that significant levels of formaldehyde form during piston and end-gas compression. Additionally, formaldehyde is measured during the combustion process at mole fractions five to ten times higher than engine-out formaldehyde mole fractions. Formaldehyde is nearly completely destroyed during the final part of the combustion process. The test results provide insights that advance the current understanding and help direct future work on formaldehyde formation.

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Petrov, L., O. Lysy, V. Nikishin, and I. Kishyanus. "MODERNIZATION ELEMENTS RESEARCH OF CYLINDER PISTON GROUP OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEANNOTATION." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 1, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.1.133-140.

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Actuality. Meaning of efficiency coefficient of internal combustion engine fully depends on type and construction. Common world practice of automobile construction is directed on increasing of quality of indicators of usage of internal combustion engine, which is linked to directions of increasing efficiency. Leading overseas firms that “dictate” the engineering direction of the design improvement of internal combustion engines in connection with the improvement of the technology of processing fuel into mechanical work in the engine use various technological opportunities in conjunction with the design developments in the cylindrical piston group. That’s why modernization elements research of cylinder piston group is relevant. Goal. Research possible ways to increase efficiency internal combustion engine by modernization of cylinder piston group due to the scientific work plan. Task. Design measures for internal combustion engine modernization for increasing of quality of its usage. Research methodology. Due to methodology [2] we performed theoretical calculations of efficiency of real engine and efficiency of engine which cylinder piston group was upgraded. While we defied indicating efficiency of patrol engine ZMZ-406 we used auxiliary equation of B. Stechkin. We performed theoretical calculations of functional dependence of efficiency because of working body parameters changes simultaneously.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

Vaško, Roman. "Možnosti vyvážení dvouválcového motoru pro traktorové použiti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231704.

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This thesis deals with possibilities of 2-cylinder engine balancing for tractor usage. The purpose of this thesis is to find a technical solution for the creation of the concept of balancing using balancing shaft. Check the proposed solution by FEM analysis and evaluate the fatigue safety. The content of the thesis is the creation of computational and graphical documentation too.

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Carbajo, Alix. "Analysis of vibro-acoustic comfort for engine with deactivated cylinders." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI101.

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Afin de réduire les consommations de carburant et les émissions de CO2, des technologies comme la désactivation de cylindres ont été développées. Deux stratégies ont été à l’étude chez le Groupe PSA, il s’agit de désactivations appelées fixe ou tournante en fonction du nombre de cylindres désactivés au cours d’un cycle moteur. Des modifications importantes du bruit et des vibrations transmises dans l’habitacle de la voiture en sont les conséquences ce qui modifie nettement la perception du confort par le conducteur de la voiture. Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse aux modifications de confort perçu par le conducteur dues à ces différentes stratégies appliquées au moteur ainsi qu’aux solutions potentielles qui permettraient d’améliorer ce confort. Parmi ces solutions se trouve le principe de sonification en temps réel du bruit moteur. Pour répondre à ces questions, cinq tests perceptifs sont réalisés. Les deux premiers consistent en l’évaluation du confort global dans différentes configurations ainsi qu’à la validation de l’utilisation d’un simulateur vibro-acoustique. Ces expériences ont montré qu’une des stratégies de désactivation était jugée significativement plus inconfortable que les autres. Par la suite, une seule des stratégies sera retenue. La troisième expérience permet de déterminer un seuil d’acceptabilité entre les sollicitations du moteur avec désactivation et celles du moteur habituel. Ceci afin de fixer une cible pour laquelle l’environnement vibro-acoustique serait acceptable. Dans les deux dernières expériences, deux solutions permettant d’atteindre cette cible sont simulées. La première consiste à modifier la plage de régime moteur ou à lieu la désactivation, la deuxième consiste à assouplir les suspensions horizontales afin de limiter les résonances vibratoires à faible régime
The technology of cylinder of deactivation has been developed in order to reduce gas consumption and CO2 emissions. Two strategies were studied at groupe PSA called fixed and rotating deactivations depending on the number of cylinders deactivated per engine cycle. This implies non neglecting modifications of sound and vibrations transmitted to the car cabin depredating the global comfort of the car. This research work focused on how driver’s comfort was altered by these engine configurations and how it would be possible to improve this comfort. Among the solutions possible, appears the principle of real-time sonification of the engine noise. To answer these questions, five perceptual experiments have been conducted. First, the aim was to evaluate global comfort with different engine configurations and validate the use of a vibro-acoustic simulator. This showed that one deactivation strategy was significantly reducing the comfort evaluation. Then, we focused on the second strategy which was also considered as not comfortable. On the third experiment, we were interested in finding an acceptable threshold between the vibrations and sounds with the deactivation and with the usual engine configuration. This led to a target of signal to reach in order to provide acceptable situations in terms of sound and vibrations. In the last two experiments, we were interested in the simulation of two solutions about the deactivation settings that would reduce the annoyance: the modification of the engine speed range in which the deactivation occurs and the softening of horizontal suspensions part in order to reduce vibrations resonances at low engine speed

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Sundararaj, Vivekanandhan. "Computational fluid dynamic analysis of unsteady compressible flow through a single cylinder internal combustion engine /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240704871&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2006.
"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-174). Also available online.

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Liu, Chia-yang, and 劉加陽. "In-Cylinder Flow Characteristic of a Four-Stroke 2-Valve Internal Combustion Engine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a93ndt.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
95
Abstract The gasoline direct injection (GDI) has been engaged to the combustion system of an automotive engine since 1995 by the Mitsubishi Motor. It has been well recognized that the fuel consumption, exhaust emission, and engine performance can be drastically increased by application of the GDI technology. The GDI technology usually must be combined with the in-cylinder flow motion in order to regulate the mixture concentration distribution in the cylinder to a target pattern. By using this technology, the mixture preparation in the engine cylinder can be homogeneous or stratified charge and therefore the combustion can proceed under control. The GDI technology, however, is not popularly used in the small motorcycle engine. In this study, the feasibility of application of the GDI technology to a single cylinder, two-valve, 249 cm3 displacement motorcycle engine is studied numerically and experimentally. The engine is installed by a fuel injector and is hooked up to a modified engine test bench. The in-cylinder flows with/without fuel injections are calculated by a commercial software package of CFD code, the STAR-CD. The in-cylinder flow shows the evolution process of the tumble motion and strong tumble intensity. Coherent tumbling structure starts to appear after 40o crank angle from the top dead center during the intake stroke. It persists even to the final stage of the compression stroke. Therefore, taking the strategy of injecting the fuel during the intake stroke (about 90o after top dead center) to form the homogeneous charge for the high-load and high-speed operation as well as injecting the fuel during the compression stroke (about 60o before the top dead center) to form the stratified charge for the low-load and low-speed operation becomes possible. The tumble flow motion and its interaction with the atomized fuel droplets are also studied. The position, direction, timing, and pressure of injection are found to be the most important parameters. In order to characterize the injection features, the atomization characteristics of fuel injection in the atmosphere are measured by a particle image velocimetry. The spray penetration and droplet size distribution are presented.

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Tsai, Sheu Chin, and 許進財. "The Analysis and Measurement of the White Smoke Opacity at Single Cylinder 2-Stroke Engine." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28409612573664555333.

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碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系
90
White smoke is the most obvious part of the exhaust emitted from Two-Stroke engines. The method for smoke testing currently used in Taiwan is the rapid acceleration test under no load. The current situation of white smoke emission was studied in this paper. It was found that the white smoke is gamma distributed. Four ways to treat the original smoke data were carried out and the results showed that the averaged peak values and the maximum integral values are the most suitable ways to define the white smoke level of motorcycles. The components of white smoke are different at hot test and cold test. At cold test the white smoke is mainly composed of carbon and unburned oil however, while at hot test only the unburned oil is the major component. Lubrication oil is the source of white smoke. Increasing the oil/fuel ratio would cause the smoke opacity to arise slowly due to the absorption effect of muffler. In order to explain this phenomenon successive chambers model was established. Experiment results have good correspondence with the model. At the start and the end smoke opacity arise slowly but rapidly in the middle. On the bench test we find that the engine temperature has significant affect on the smoke opacity. At hot test with an used muffler, the opacity is always low except at high engine speed and exhaust temperature. The white smoke photography using high speed video camera shows that the smoke emitted from the engine is not continuous. Smoke is emitted like a pulse wave and the pulse wave become more obvious at decelerating. It was found that the engine heat release rate is well correlated with the opacity variations. The opacity at high heat release ratio cycle is higher than that at low heat release ratio cycle. This reveals that at low heat release ratio cycle the engine doesn’t combust so the unburned oil will accumulate in the muffler. Engine speed and heat release ratio are the main factors that affect the smoke opacity. Finally we compare the smoke opacity by using fully synthetic oil and mineral oil. The fully synthetic oil has better effect on reducing the opacity. Another method to reduce the opacity is to add petrol injection cleaner in the fuel. After driving about 84 km the opacity is reducing 15% .

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Gao, Bo-Yu, and 高博愈. "Misfire Diagnosis Strategy for 2 Cylinders V-Engine." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qngc8k.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
車輛工程系所
102
Due to the emission regulations become more severe around the world, the automobiles must be equipped with on-board diagnosis (OBD) system which could detect the malfunctions or deteriorations before exceeding the emission standards and then inform the driver about maintenance as soon as possible. According to the characteristic of crankshaft dynamic, this thesis is developed misfire detection strategy for the V2 engine of range-extended electric vehicle (REEV). If engine occurred misfire, the crankshaft dynamic would lead to serious variation during power stroke, and those results can be determined that engine is under misfire. The misfire generator is also established for providing specific misfire rate at different engine conditions.

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Sautermeister, F. A., Martin Priest, P. M. Lee, and M. F. Fox. "Impact of sulphuric acid on cylinder lubrication for large 2-stroke marine diesel engines: Contact angle, interfacial tension and chemical interaction." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9724.

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other
no
The effect of sulphuric acid on the chemical and physical behaviour of the piston ring lubricant in a marine engine cylinder was investigated. To reveal the basic influence of H2SO4 on the lubricant film, the saturated hydrocarbon Squalane (C30H62) was chosen as a simple model oil. The interfacial tension between aqueous H2SO4 (0-98% w/w) and C30H62 was measured between -3 and 165 degrees C to understand droplet formation in the lubricant. Interfacial tension decreases with increasing acid concentration and is temperature dependent.
The wettability of engine parts with corrosive sulphuric acid was characterised by the contact angle. The contact angle of H2SO4 (0-98% w/w) on a grey cast iron cylinder liner material (Wartsila, RT84) and a piston ring chrome-ceramic coating (Federal Mogul Goetze, CKS, empty set960 mm) immersed in C30H62 was measured over a temperature range from 20 to 165 degrees C. In general, larger contact angles were measured under higher temperature conditions and on chrome surfaces.
In addition to the physical measurements, chemical reaction between H2SO4 and C30H62 was observed which influenced the interfacial tension, visual appearance, phase separation and formation of solid matter. The reaction time was found to be faster than the neutralisation times of commercially formulated lubricants. The reaction products were analysed using FTIR spectroscopy and EDX to find oxidation and sulphonation.

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Books on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

A, Freeman Scott, ed. SELOC Suzuki outboards: 1988-99 repair manual, 2-225 horsepower, 1-4 cylinder. West Chester, Pa: W.G. Nichols, 2000.

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Mariner Outboards, 1-2 Cylinders, 1977-1989 (Seloc Marine Tune-Up and Repair Manuals). Thomson Delmar Learning, 1998.

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M, Yonushonis Thomas, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Development of advanced in-cylinder components and tribological systems for low heat rejection diesel engines: Phases 2, 3, and 4 final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

Ravi, Prajit, V. Devanandh, Sunil Kumar Pandey, K. Senthilnathan, Krishnan Sadagopan, and Brijesh P. Patel. "Quasi-Dimensional Thermodynamic Simulation Study of Downsizing on a Four-Cylinder Turbocharged Engine." In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 2, 563–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2662-6_51.

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Bhusare, Chetan V., and Kiran V. Chandan. "NOx Reduction with Coherence of Particulate Matter for Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Proportional EGR Technique." In Advances in Energy Research, Vol. 2, 745–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2662-6_67.

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"Analysis of vehicle dynamics and vibrations of a vehicle with a 2-cylinder engine." In The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, 443–52. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21185-47.

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Prabu, A. "Behaviour of Oxygenated Biofuels in Engines." In Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines, 193–210. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2539-5.ch010.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to disclose the outcomes of oxygenate mixture as additives in Jatropha biodiesel on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine. The experiments were conducted in an instrumented single-cylinder, air-cooled, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine, equipped with data acquisition system, AC alternator, and an electric loading device. Four oxygenate additives, namely, Ethylene Glycol (C2H6O2), Di methyl Carbonate (C3H6O3), 2-Butoxyethanol (C6H14O2), & Propylene Glycol (C3H8O2) were selected and nine different combinational oxygenate test fuels were prepared attaining ratios of 1, 2, and 4% volume of oxygenates with biodiesel. A significant reduction of emissions such as CO by 60%, Unburned HC by 11%, and smoke emissions by 27% were observed. Substantial improvement in brake thermal efficiency by 6% was observed, while NO emission increased marginally by 4%.

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Maroa, Semakula, and Freddie Inambao. "Effects of Biodiesel Blends Varied by Cetane Numbers and Oxygen Contents on Stationary Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions." In Numerical and Experimental Studies on Combustion Engines and Vehicles. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92569.

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This work investigated waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO), 2-ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN), and ethanol as sources of renewable energy, blending conventional diesel (CD), WPPO, and ethanol with EHN was to improve the combustion and performance characteristics of the WPPO blends. EHN has the potential to reduce emissions of CO, CO2, UHC, NOX, and PM. Ethanol improves viscosity, miscibility, and the oxygen content of WPPO. Mixing ratios were 50/WPPO25/E25, 60/WPPO20/E20, 70/WPPO15/E15, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 90/WPPO5/E5 for CD, waste plastic pyrolysis oil, and ethanol, respectively. The mixing ratio of EHN (0.01%) was based on the total quantity of blended fuel. Performance and emission characteristics of a stationary 4-cylinder water-cooled diesel Iveco power generator were evaluated with ASTM standards. At 1000 rpm, the BSFC was 0.043 kg/kWh compared to CD at 0.04 kg/kWh. Blend 90/WPPO5/E5 had the highest value of 14% for BTE, while the NOX emissions for 90/WPPO5/E5, 80/WPPO10/E10, and 70/WPPO15/E15 were 384, 395, and 414 ppm, respectively, compared to CD fuel at 424 ppm. This is due to their densities of 792 kg/m3, 825 kg/m3 which are close to CD fuel at 845 kg/m3 and the additive EHN. These results show blends of WPPO, ethanol and EHN reduce emissions, and improve engine performance, mimicking CD fuel.

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Maurya, Rakesh Kumar, and Akhil Nekkanti. "Combustion Instability Analysis Using Wavelets in Conventional Diesel Engine." In Mathematical Concepts and Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, 390–413. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1639-2.ch019.

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Combustion instability affects the drivability, power, engine performance and efficiency. Elimination of combustion instabilities leads to increase in power for the same fuel economy. Effective controller can reduce combustion instabilities by understanding patterns in the cyclic variations. In this study, cyclic variations of combustion parameters were analyzed in a diesel engine using wavelet analysis. The experiments were conducted at varying loads and compression ratios at 1500 rpm. At steady state condition, cylinder pressure data of 2000 consecutive combustion cycles was measured. Continuous Wavelet Transform was used to capture non-stationary or transient features that might not have been detected using other transforms. Wavelet Power Spectrum (WPS) and Global Wavelet Spectrum were further used to determine the relationship between fluctuations in combustion parameters. Contour Plots were plotted based on WPS for visualizing the intensity and frequency of cyclic Variations. It was found that cyclic variability decreases with increase in engine load and compression ratio.

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Atkins, Peter. "Irritating Atmospheres: Atmospheric Photochemistry." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0030.

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The problem of photochemically generated smog begins inside internal combustion engines, where at the high temperatures within the combustion cylinders and the hot exhaust manifold nitrogen molecules and oxygen molecule combine to form nitric oxide, NO. Almost as soon as it is formed, and when the exhaust gases mingle with the atmosphere, some NO is oxidized to the pungent and chemically pugnacious brown gas nitrogen dioxide, NO2, 1. We need to watch what happens when one of these NO2 molecules is exposed to the energetic ultraviolet photons in sunlight. We see a photon strike the molecule and cause a convulsive tremor of its electron cloud. In the brief instant that the electron cloud has swarmed away from one of the bonding regions, an O atom makes its escape, leaving behind an NO molecule. We now continue to watch the liberated O atom. We see it collide with an oxygen molecule, O2, and stick to it to form ozone, O3, 2. This ozone is formed near ground level and is an irritant; ozone at stratospheric levels is a benign ultraviolet shield. Now keep your eye on the ozone molecule. In one instance we see it collide with an NO molecule, which plucks off one of ozone’s O atoms, forming NO2 and letting O3 revert to O2. Another fate awaiting NO2 is for it to react with oxygen and any unburned hydrocarbon fuel and its fragments that have escaped into the atmosphere. We can watch that happening too where the air includes surviving fragments of hydrocarbon fuel molecules. A lot of little steps are involved, and they occur at a wide range of rates. Let’s suppose that some unburned fuel escapes as ethane molecules, CH3CH3, 3. Although ethane is not present in gasoline, a CH3CH2· radical (Reaction 12) would have been formed in its combustion and then combined with an H atom in the tumult of reactions going on there. You already know that vicious little O atoms are lurking in the sunlit NO2-ridden air. We catch sight of one of their venomous acts: in a collision with an H2O molecule they extract an H atom, so forming two ·OH radicals.

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Conference papers on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

Jajcevic, Dalibor, Matthias Fitl, Stephan Schmidt, Karl Glinsner, and Raimund Almbauer. "Exhaust System Simulation of a 2-Cylinder 2-Stroke Engine Including Heat Transfer Effects." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-32-0035.

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Vichi, Giovanni, Michele Becciani, Isacco Stiaccini, Giovanni Ferrara, Lorenzo Ferrari, Alessandro Bellissima, and Go Asai. "Analysis of the Turbocharger Speed to Estimate the Cylinder-to-Cylinder Injection Variations - Part 2 - Frequency Domain Analysis." In SAE/JSAE 2016 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-32-0085.

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Kimbara, Yoshiro, Masami Konishi, Kazuhisa Mayumi, Masakazu Yoshida, and Kimioki Yasunaga. "Development of 2-Liter 6-Cylinder Gasoline Engines, Toyota 1G Engine Series." In Passenger Car Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/871976.

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Shiomi, Kazuyuki, Takeshi Okada, Michiharu Ohkawa, and Tetsuro Ikeno. "REDUCING VIBRATION OF A 2-CYLINDER OUTBOARD MOTOR BY THE PENDULUM MOTION MOUNT METHOD." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1870.

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Naik, Suramya, Fabien Redon, Gerhard Regner, and John Koszewnik. "Opposed-Piston 2-Stroke Multi-Cylinder Engine Dynamometer Demonstration." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2015. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-26-0038.

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Wiatrowski, Darrell A., and Peter E. Lucier. "Reducing Tiller Arm Vibration of a 2-Cylinder Outboard Motor by the Double-Focused Mount Method." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-32-0027.

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Zinner, Christian, Reinhard Stelzl, Stephan Schmidt, Stefan Leiber, and Thomas Schabetsberger. "Experimental Verification and Drivability Investigations of a Turbo Charged 2-Cylinder Motorcycle Engine." In SAE/JSAE 2014 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-32-0112.

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Uzkan, Teoman, Keith E. Moravec, and James W. Heilenbach. "NOx Reduction Potential of Dedicated Cylinders for an EMD 2-Stroke Model 710 Diesel Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81041.

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To satisfy the Tier-4 requirements EMD as well as other large engine manufacturers are investigating the emission reduction potentials of different technologies whether they are application ready or in concept stage. One of the recent trends is to use dedicated cylinders as EGR gas suppliers. In this study the NOx reduction potential of dedicated cylinders for the two-cycle EMD 16-710 engine is evaluated analytically. The performance of the well known and documented 16-710 T-2 engine is chosen as the base case. An analytical model is developed to simulate the engine operation by using the commercially available GT-Power code. Model parameters are adjusted to fit predictions to test data. The base model is then modified for a high pressure cooled EGR system. The system parameters are changed to optimize the system for selected criteria. Predicted performance of the system is compared against the base case. The system model with EGR is further modified to accommodate the use of dedicated cylinders as the gas supplier to the EGR loop. The following dedicated cylinder variables are changed to optimize the system performance for NOx reductions; (a). Number of dedicated cylinders, (b). Location of dedicated cylinders, (c). Dedicated cylinder’s flow rate (EGR rate), (d). Compression ratio, (e). Injection timing, (f). Valve timing, (g). Valve lift profile, (h). Valve opening and closing times. Predicted results are compared against cases with and without EGR. The study demonstrates that a 3-cylinder dedicated system, supplying the EGR gases, has the potential to reduce the tailpipe BSNOx below Tier-4 emissions level at Notch 8 operation condition of the engine. The study also suggests that designing the dedicated cylinders as if they are a different engine, for BHP while designing the normal cylinders to reduce BSNOx can be a successful strategy. During this study the basic mechanisms of EGR in reducing the engine NOx is classified into three groups. It is shown that the Flow Diversion Effect of EGR can be above 40% of total BSNOx reduction.

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Hubmann, Christian, Wolfgang Schoeffmann, Hubert Friedl, and Bernhard Graf. "360° vs. 270° vs. 180°: The Difference of Balancing a 2 Cylinder Inline Engine: Design, Simulation, Comparative Measurements." In 2012 Small Engine Technology Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-32-0106.

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Grauer, Diana K., and Kirby S. Chapman. "Active Air Control System to Reduce Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Pollutant Emissions: Validation and Laboratory Testing." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76005.

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This paper presents results from Phase 2 of the development of an Active Air Control (AAC) system to balance air flow into each cylinder of a turbocharged engine system, a PRCI-funded emissions reduction project. Imbalance in air flow creates a discontinuity in trapped equivalence ratio from cylinder to cylinder. Trapped equivalence ratio is directly proportional to NOX production and a function of the fuel flow rate, air flow rate, and, in a two-stroke cycle engine, the scavenging efficiency. Only when these three characteristics are balanced cylinder to cylinder will the combustion and the NOX production in each cylinder be equal. The engine NOX production will be disproportionately high if even one cylinder operates less lean relative to the other cylinders. This paper reports on the testing of an AAC system on a two-cylinder air flow bench at the National Gas Machinery Laboratory at Kansas State University. The results from these tests were then used to further validate the comprehensive, variable geometry, multi-cylinder flow model referred to as the Charge Air Integrated Manifold Engine Numerical Simulation (CAIMENS). CAIMENS is a manifold flow model coupled with the T-RECS engine processor that uses an integrated set of fundamental principles to determine the crank angle-resolved pressure, temperature, burned and unburned mass fractions, and gas exchange rates for the cylinder. CAIMENS has been validated with data from the NGML multi-cylinder flow bench. This information has allowed the research team to (1) quantify the impact of air flow imbalance and (2) provide detailed information leading to the specification of the active air flow control system. The end point of this project is an AAC system that can, with some engineering effort, be applied to field engines.

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Reports on the topic "2-cylinder engine"

Sekar, R. R., W. W. Marr, R. L. Cole, and T. J. Marciniak. Experimental evaluation of oxygen-enriched air and emulsified fuels in a single-cylinder diesel engine. Volume 2, Data sets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154241.

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Yonushonis, T. M., P. D. Wiczynski, M. R. Myers, D. D. Anderson, A. C. McDonald, H. G. Weber, D. E. Richardson, R. J. Stafford, and M. G. Naylor. Development of Advanced In-Cylinder Components and Tribological Systems for Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engines. Phases 2, 3, and 4 Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761659.

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