Journal articles: '2 § LVU'

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Kourelis, Taxiarchis, Surendra Dasari, Paul J. Kurtin, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Jason D. Theis, Morie A. Gertz, Ahmet Dogan, and Angela Dispenzieri. "Immunoglobulin Variable Region Family Usage and Outcomes of Patients with Systemic Light Chain Amyloidosis." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3402.3402.

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Abstract Introduction: AL amyloidosis is a very heterogeneous disease. Prognosis is a function of organ tropism, extent of organ damage, and ability of tissues to heal, the last of which relates both to hematologic response and intrinsic toxicity of the light chain. Using mass spectroscopy (MS) technology, we are able to distinguish immunoglobulin light chain variable gene family (IGVL) usage on clinical samples. The goal of this study was to evaluate if IGVL usage impacts patient outcomes in patients with light chain amyloidosis (AL). Methods: IGVL usage was determined by mass spectroscopy (MS) of amyloid in clinical tissue specimens of Mayo Clinic patients. Specimens were from fat pad (n=257), bone marrow (n=172), myocardium (n=113), gastrointestinal (n=58), kidney (n=20), lung (n=15), and nerve (n=5). For those cases for which the IGVL could not be identified--not otherwise specified (NOS)—but constant region could be identified as lambda or kappa, we assume that the amyloid consisted primarily of immunoglobulin light chain gene constant regions or variable genes with somatic mutations making them uninterpretable to our matching algorithms. The medical records from these 700 patients were abstracted for relevant clinical and laboratory data. Results: The baseline characteristics of patients are shown in table 1. Three hundred and thirty-two patients have died with a median follow-up of surviving patients of 38 months. The estimated median survival for the entire population is 59 months. Out of 700 patients, 214 (31%) achieved a CR or a VGPR, 432 (62%) were not evaluable (NE) for hematologic or organ response, and 54 (8%) achieved a PR or did not respond (NR). The distribution of IGVL cases is shown in table 2. Overall survival (OS) for the whole group was not different across different IGVLs on univariate analysis, but when corrected for hematologic response, outcomes differed significantly based on IGVL. Patients could be further assembled into two groups, based on risk for death on univariate analyses: an IGVL high risk, which included KV1, LV1, LV2, LV3, and LV6; and low risk, which included all other cases (Figure). In a multivariate model that included level of hematologic response (CR/VGPR versus PR/NR/NE) and IGVL, IGVL family was independently associated with overall survival (RR=1.5 (95% CI 1.2-1.9, p=0.008). The risk ratio for CR/VGPR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.20-0.38, p<0.0001). This effect persisted when either the Mayo 2006 or the 2012 staging system was included in the multivariate. Conclusion: IGVL usage appears to have prognostic significance in patients who have not achieved VGPR or better to initial chemotherapy. Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients N= 700 Age 63 (32-94) Male, (%) 447 (64%) Biopsy site Solid organ/Soft tissue 271 (39%) Fat pad 257 (37%) Bone Marrow 172 (25%) Organ involvement Cardiac 432 (62%) Renal 346 (49%) Gastrointestinal 168 (24%) Liver 56 (8%) Nerve 107 (15%) Lung 42 (6%) Soft Tissue 92 (13%) Organs involved 1 321 (46%) 2 228 (33%) ≥3 151 (22%) Laboratory characteristics NTBNP, pg/ml 2547 (11.3-70000) Troponin, ng/ml 0.03 (0.001-0.84) dFLC, mg/dl 26 (0.04-2330) Cardiac Stage 1 59 (18%) 2 125 (38%) 3 144 (44%) Table 2. Variable region family distribution. Light Chain N=700 N (%) KV1 107 (15%) KV2 3 (0.4%) KV3 17 (2%) KV4 25 (4%) KV6 1 (0.1%) LV1 85 (12%) LV2 64 (9%) LV3 118 (17%) LV4 3 (0.4%) LV6 97 (14%) LV8 1 (0.1%) LV9 1 (0.1%) Kappa NOS1 34 (4%) Lambda NOS1 140 (19%) Heavy chain amyloidosis 4 (0.6%) 1 No IGVL family could be identified Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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BAIN, JENNIFER. "History of a book: Hildegard of Bingen's ‘Riesencodex’ and World War II." Plainsong and Medieval Music 27, no. 2 (October 2018): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137118000098.

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ABSTRACTOnly two large collections of Hildegard of Bingen's music are extant, today housed in the Katholieke Universiteit in Leuven (B-LVu, no shelf number) and in the Hochschul-und Landesbibliothek RheinMain in Wiesbaden (D-WI1 2, the so-called ‘Riesencodex’). The Riesencodex, though, was almost lost during World War II. It survived both bombing and plundering in Dresden in February 1945, only to be appropriated by the Soviet Administration in 1947. Using archival records from the Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in Wiesbaden from the 1940s and 1950s, I detail the efforts of a number of people to retrieve the manuscript after the war and bring it back to Wiesbaden. Franz Götting, the director of the Wiesbaden library, spent several years trying to recover the manuscript through official channels. Its eventual return to Wiesbaden in 1948, however, came about surreptitiously, largely through the efforts of Margarete Kühn at the German Academy in East Berlin and an American woman, Caroline Walsh, in Berlin as a military spouse.

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Cai, Z., and L. R. Pease. "Structural and functional analysis of three D/L-like class I molecules from H-2v: indications of an ancestral family of D/L genes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 583–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.2.583.

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Three cDNA with D region gene features have been identified from the H-2v haplotype. Provisionally, the sequences have been designated as D/Lv1, D/Lv2, and D/Lv3. The coding segments for the antigen binding domain (ABD) of all three D/Lv genes were engineered into a class I genomic expression vector and expressed in L cells. FACS analysis of the three D/Lv-Ld gene transfectants revealed that the D/Lv1 molecules were recognized by both monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 141 and 142, and the D/Lv2 molecules were recognized by mAb 143. In addition to the D/Lv1 molecules, the mAb 141 also recognized the D/Lv3 molecules. Both the D/Lv1-Ld and D/Lv2-Ld transfectants were killed efficiently by H-2Dv region-specific alloreactive CTL. The D/Lv3 gene is the first identified D region gene other than D and L that is transcribed abundantly in spleen and the D/Lv3 RNA is present as two alternatively spliced forms. Structural analysis of the D/Lv3 hybrid molecules showed that it was susceptible to proteolysis and thermolabile at 37 degrees C, suggesting D/Lv3 is a transcribed pseudogene. A parsimony tree analysis of three D/Lv sequences with a set of class I gene sequences revealed that the H-2v sequences clustered with D region genes. The presence of a third gene with D/L-like features in H-2v, yet structurally different from the known D/L alleles, raises the possibility that the current D/L genes evolved from a family of D/L-like genes, some of which are no longer represented among many of the mouse major histocompatibility complex haplotypes. The observation that D region alleles cluster into subgroups suggests that the alleles are not all related to each other by linear descent through a single locus. We propose that current alleles are derived from more than one ancestral locus in a manner similar to the origin of the gamma 2 a immunoglobulin constant region alleles.

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Sidana, Surbhi, Surendra Dasari, Taxiarchis V. Kourelis, Angela Dispenzieri, David L. Murray, Rebecca L. King, Ellen D. McPhail, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Shaji K. Kumar, and Morie A. Gertz. "IGVL gene region usage correlates with distinct clinical presentation in IgM vs non-IgM light chain amyloidosis." Blood Advances 5, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 2101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003671.

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Abstract Patients with immunoglobulin M (IgM) light chain (AL) amyloidosis have a distinct clinical presentation compared with those with non-IgM amyloidosis. We hypothesized that differential immunoglobulin light-chain variable region (IGVL) gene usage may explain the differences in organ involvement, because IGVL usage correlates with organ tropism. IGVL usage was evaluated by mass spectrometry of amyloid deposits (IgM, n = 45; non-IgM, n = 391) and differed across the 2 groups. In the λ family, LV2-08 (13% vs 2%; P < .001) and LV2-14 (36% vs 10%; P < .001) usage was more common in IgM vs non-IgM amyloidosis, whereas LV1-44 (0% vs 10%; P = .02) and LV6-57 (2% vs 18%; P = .004) usage was less common. In the κ family, there was a trend toward higher KV4-01 (11% vs 4%; P = .06) usage in IgM amyloidosis. IGVL usage correlated with disease characteristics/organ tropism. LV2-14 (more common in IgM amyloidosis) has historically been associated with peripheral nerve involvement and lower light chain burden, which were more frequent in IgM amyloidosis. LV1-44 (less common in IgM), associated with cardiac involvement, was less frequent in IgM patients. LV6-57 (less common in IgM) is associated with t(11;14), which was less frequent in IgM patients. In conclusion, IGVL gene usage differs in patients with IgM vs non-IgM amyloidosis and may explain the distinct clinical presentation.

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Uboha, Nataliya Volodymyrivna, Sam Joseph Lubner, Noelle K. LoConte, Daniel Mulkerin, Jens C. Eickhoff, and Dustin A. Deming. "Phase I dose-escalation trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) and temozolomide in the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.615.

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615 Background: Systemic chemotherapy plays a role in treating neuroendocrine tumors. Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI), known as TAS-102, is an antineoplastic agent that is non-cross resistant with 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine and that has a different toxicity profile. We are presenting results from a phase 1 portion of the study evaluating safety of FTD/TPI in combination with TMZ in patients in neuroendocrine tumors. Methods: Phase 1 portion to the study utilized “3+3” design to determine maximum tolerated doses (MTD) of FTD/TPI and TMZ when administered in combination. Patients with advanced NETs of any grade were eligible for participation. FTD/TPI was taken twice a day on days 1-5 and 8-12 and TMZ was taken daily on days 8-12 of a 28 day cycle. 3 dose levels (Lv) were evaluated. FTD/TPI was started at a goal dose of 35 mg/m2 twice daily. Three doses of TMZ were studied: 100, 150 and 200 mg/m2. Growth factor support was required during DLT evaluation period for all patients starting with the fourth subject on study. Results: Sixteen evaluable subjects (6 females, median age 64) enrolled in the phase 1 portion of the study (4 on Lv1, 6 on Lv2, 6 on Lv3). 3/16 had high-grade tumors, 8/16 had non-GI or unknown primary. No DLTs were observed on Lv1. One DLT was observed on Lv2 (grade 3 fatigue and inability to resume treatment) and 1 DLT on Lv3 (grade 4 thrombocytopenia). Overall the treatment was well tolerated. 7 subjects had grade ≥3 AEs at least possibly related to treatment, with neutropenia and lymphopenia being the most common. 4 subjects required dose reductions. 7 subjects remain on active treatment. 4 subjects discontinued treatment due to AEs and 1 due to clinical disease progression. Efficacy data is being collected and will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: This study established MTD of FTD/TPI (35mg/m2 twice daily) and TMZ (200 mg/m2). This regimen is well tolerated. Enrollment into expansion cohort for patients with advanced Grade 1-2 pancreatic NETs is ongoing (NCT02943733). Clinical trial information: NCT02943733.

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Sidana, Surbhi, Surendra Dasari, Taxiarchis Kourelis, Angela Dispenzieri, David L. Murray, Rebecca L. King, Ellen D. McPhail, Marina Ramirez-Alvarado, Shaji K. Kumar, and Morie A. Gertz. "Immunoglobulin Variable Gene Region (IGVL) Usage Correlates with Distinct Clinical Presentation in IgM Versus Non-IgM Light Chain Amyloidosis." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121714.

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Introduction: The clinical presentation and frequency of organ involvement are quite distinct in patients with IgM amyloidosis compared to patients with non-IgM amyloidosis, with less heart involvement and more nerve, soft tissue and lung involvement in IgM patients. It has been observed that immunoglobulin light chain variable region (IGVL) gene and gene family of the plasma cell clone impact phenotypic manifestations in AL amyloidosis, particularly organ tropism. (Kourelis et al. Blood. 2017;129). Given the variability in clinical features amongst patients with IgM vs. non IgM AL amyloidosis, we hypothesized that IGVL gene usage would be different between these two groups. Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed IgM and non-IgM amyloidosis seen at our institution from 01/2006 to 12/2015 were identified. IGVL gene usage was assessed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) as previously described. (Vrana et al Blood 2009;Dasari et al J of Proteome Res; Kourelis et al. Blood. 2017). Mass spectrometry data for IGVL analysis was obtained from clinically available data. LC/MS/MS was performed on available archival specimens when such data was not available clinically. Results: Patients with newly diagnosed amyloidosis who had sufficient mass spectrometry data on fat aspirate or tissue biopsy for IGVL gene usage identification were included (IgM AL, N=44 and Non-IgM AL, N=391). Clinical Features: As expected, differences were noted in baseline characteristics of patients with IgM vs. non-IgM AL amyloidosis. Patients with IgM amyloidosis were older (68 vs. 64 years, p=0.04) and more likely to have kappa as the involved light chain (34% vs. 25%, p=0.2), though the difference did not reach statistical significance. IgM amyloidosis patients had lower difference in involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC) (15.5 vs. 25.8 mg/dL, p=0.01) and lower NTProBNP levels (median: 1987 vs. 2655 pg/mL, p=0.02) compared with non-IgM amyloid patients. Presence of t(11;14) was less common by FISH (30% vs. 48%, p=0.1), though the difference did not reach statistical significance. Patterns of organ involvement were different, with heart involvement being less frequent in IgM patients (64% vs. 76%), while peripheral nerve (30% vs. 18%, p=0.05), soft tissue (41% vs. 21%, p=0.005) and lung involvement (7% vs. 3%, p=0.1) were more common in patients with IgM vs. non-IgM AL amyloidosis. There was no difference in liver (9% vs. 15%), kidney (50% vs. 51%) GI (23% vs. 25%) or autonomic nervous system involvement (18% vs. 14%). IGVL Gene Usage: As shown in Figure 1, IGVL usage differed across the two groups. In the lambda group, LV2-08 (14% vs. 2%, p<0.001) and LV2-14 (36% vs. 10%, p<0.001) were more common in IgM amyloid patients, while LV1-44 (0% vs. 10%, p=0.02) and LV6-57 (2% vs. 18%, p=0.004) were less common in the IgM group. There was also a trend towards less frequent involvement of LV3-01 (2% vs. 12%, p=0.07) in IgM amyloid patients. In the kappa group, KV4-01 (11% vs. 4%, p=0.04) was more common in patients with IgM amyloidosis. Correlation Between IGVL Gene usage and Clinical Features: IGVL gene usage correlated with disease characteristics and differences in the clinical presentation of patients across the two groups. LV2-14 was more commonly seen in IgM amyloid patients (above). It has been previously associated with a higher frequency of peripheral nerve involvement (Kourelis et al. Blood 2017), which was more frequent in IgM group. LV2-14 is also associated with low dFLC levels, which were noted to be lower in the IgM AL cohort. LV1-44 has been associated with higher likelihood of cardiac involvement. LV1-44 was seen less frequently in the IgM amyloid patients, who also had lower rates of cardiac involvement. LV6-57 has been historically associated with higher rates of t(11;14). It was less common in IgM AL patients, who also had lower rates of t(11;14). Conclusions: IGVL gene usage differed significantly in patients with IgM vs. non-IgM amyloidosis, correlating with differences in disease characteristics and organ involvement. This is the first study to our knowledge to report IGVL gene usage differences in IgM vs. non-IgM AL amyloidosis. Differences in IGVL gene usage may explain the distinct clinical presentation seen in IgM amyloidosis, the biology of which has so far remained poorly understood. *SS and SD contributed equally Disclosures Dasari: The Binding Site: Patents & Royalties: US Patent Rights on Mass Spectroscopy Licensing agreement with The Binding Site, Research Funding. Dispenzieri:Alnylam: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Akcea: Consultancy; Intellia: Consultancy. Murray:The Binding Site: Patents & Royalties: US Patent Rights on Mass Spectroscopy Licensing agreement with The Binding Site, Research Funding. Kumar:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Gertz:Prothena: Honoraria; Alnylam: Honoraria; Ionis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Spectrum: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria.

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Oliveira Júnior, Antônio Claret de, Carlos Alberto Silva, Nilton Curi, José Maria de Lima, and Otacílio José Passos Rangel. "Formas e quantidades de carbono em lixiviados de latossolos vermelhos sob influência de calcário e fósforo." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 32, no. 3 (June 2008): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832008000300034.

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No solo, a concentração e as formas de carbono solúvel em água (CSA) são reguladas por atributos como qualidade e teor de matéria orgânica, acidez, disponibilidade de nutrientes, mineralogia e fatores ligados à comunidade microbiana. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as quantidades e formas de carbono (C) em lixiviados de Latossolos com diferentes teores de Fe sob influência de calcário e, ou, P. Em áreas da Bacia do Rio das Mortes (MG), amostras de Latossolos Vermelhos (mesoférrico (LV1) e hipoférrico (LV2)) foram coletadas e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: 1- controle; 2- P (50 % da capacidade máxima de adsorção de P); 3- calcário (V = 85 %); 4- Ca + P (doses dos tratamentos 3 e 4). Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por tratamento. As quantidades e a distribuição de massa molar do CSA foram avaliadas em dez coletas consecutivas de lixiviados. Além disso, foram avaliados os teores e tipos de ácidos orgânicos de baixa massa molar (AOBMM) associados ao CSA. Em ambos os solos, as quantidades de CSA aumentaram na seguinte ordem: controle < calcário < P < Ca + P. O CSA foi maior no LV2, em relação ao LV1. A massa molar média das frações de CSA no efluente aumentou com o tempo, para os tratamentos com Ca + P. As maiores massas molares foram observadas para o LV2, nos tratamentos com P e Ca + P. Em geral, o LV1 perdeu mais C na forma de AOBMM do que o LV2.

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Logachev, P. V., G. I. Kuznetsov, A. A. Korepanov, A. V. Akimov, S. V. Shiyankov, O. A. Pavlov, D. A. Starostenko, and G. A. Fat’kin. "LIU-2 linear induction accelerator." Instruments and Experimental Techniques 56, no. 6 (November 2013): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441213060195.

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Ramazani, A., F. Marandi, E. Ahmadiu, and A. Morsali. "Crystal structure of dimethyl (Z)-2(lv3-dioxo-lv3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)- 2-butenedioate, C14H11NO6." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 219, no. 1-4 (April 2004): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ncrs.2004.219.14.189.

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Sukhatme, V. P., A. C. Vollmer, J. Erikson, M. Isobe, C. Croce, and J. R. Parnes. "Gene for the human T cell differentiation antigen Leu-2/T8 is closely linked to the kappa light chain locus on chromosome 2." Journal of Experimental Medicine 161, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.161.2.429.

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We have mapped the gene encoding the T cell differentiation antigen Leu-2/T8 to human chromosome 2 by hybridization of a Leu-2/T8 complementary DNA clone to DNA from a panel of mouse-human cell hybrids. In situ hybridization further localizes the gene to the 2p1 region in close proximity to the Ig kappa light chain gene. The Leu-2/T8 gene translocates with C kappa to chromosome 8 in a Burkitt lymphoma line carrying a t(2;8) translocation. These data support the hypothesis that Leu-2/T8 is the human homologue of the mouse Lyt-2,3 antigen.

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Ohyama, Takafumi, Hiroyuki Oku, Akihiro Hiroki, Yasunari Maekawa, Masaru Yoshida, and Ryoichi Katakai. "The crystal structure for a depsipeptide Boc-(Leu-Leu-Ala)2-(Leu-Leu-Lac)3-OEt with a 310-helical segment." Biopolymers 54, no. 6 (2000): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0282(200011)54:6<375::aid-bip10>3.0.co;2-s.

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Ohyama, Takafumi, Hiroyuki Oku, Masaru Yoshida, and Ryoichi Katakai. "Crystal structure of a depsipeptide, Boc-(Leu-Leu-Lac)3-Leu-Leu-OEt." Biopolymers 58, no. 7 (2001): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0282(200106)58:7<636::aid-bip1036>3.0.co;2-u.

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Nakamura, Fábio Yuzo, Daniel Müller Hirai, Thiago Oliveira Borges, Alexandre Hideki Okano, Fernando Roberto De-Oliveira, and Antonio Fernando Brunetto. "Relação entre indicadores fisiológicos obtidos em teste ergoespirométrico em cicloergômetro de membros superiores e desempenho na canoagem." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 13, no. 5 (October 2007): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-86922007000500001.

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A avaliação de indicadores de aptidão aeróbia em canoístas revela características funcionais adquiridas por treinamento específico, podendo estar relacionadas ao desempenho competitivo. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar indicadores funcionais obtidos em teste ergoespirométrico de jovens canoístas, e verificar a relação destas variáveis com a performance em distâncias de 200, 500 e 1.000m. Foram avaliados 12 atletas do sexo masculino (17,6 ± 2,1 anos; 175,7 ± 2,5cm; 68,3 ± 6,3kg) por meio de teste em cicloergômetro de membros superiores para determinação do consumo de oxigênio no limiar ventilatório 1 (LV1 - 1,8 ± 0,4L/min), no limiar ventilatório 2 (LV2 - 2,9 ± 0,4L/min) e VO2pico (3,5 ± 0,4L/min). O teste tinha início com carga de 17W, com incrementos de 17W/min até a exaustão voluntária. Os atletas foram também submetidos a testes específicos em embarcação individual K-1 em um lago, objetivando alcançar os menores tempos nas distâncias referidas (tempos equivalentes a 47,6 ± 4,3, 122,0 ± 9,0 e 239,5 ± 12,6s, respectivamente). Foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman-Rank (rs), com nível de significância fixado em 5%. Observou-se correlação moderada entre LV2 e tempo nos 1.000m (rs = -0,685), VO2pico e tempo nos 500m (rs = -0,699) e VO2pico e tempo nos 1.000m (rs = -0,734). Portanto, conclui-se que LV2 e VO2pico obtidos em cicloergômetro de membros superiores, e expressos em termos absolutos, predizem o desempenho em provas de 500 e 1.000m de canoagem, podendo ser potencialmente empregados na avaliação de canoístas.

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LEUNG, D., B. SMITH, V. MONAFO, and R. GEHA. "138 Increased numbers of circulating Leu 2+ Leu 11+ lymphocytes in hyper IgE states." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 75, no. 1 (January 1985): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(85)90273-8.

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SULLIVAN, MICHELE G. "LVD Common in Older Type 2 Diabetes Patients." Family Practice News 42, no. 17 (October 2012): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(12)70692-8.

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Harms, Karen, Frank Surup, Marc Stadler, Alberto Miguel Stchigel, and Yasmina Marin-Felix. "Morinagadepsin, a Depsipeptide from the Fungus Morinagamyces vermicularis gen. et comb. nov." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061191.

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The new genus Morinagamyces is introduced herein to accommodate the fungus Apiosordaria vermicularis as inferred from a phylogenetic study based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear rDNA large subunit (LSU), and partial fragments of ribosomal polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) and β-tubulin (tub2) genes. Morinagamyces vermicularis was analyzed for the production of secondary metabolites, resulting in the isolation of a new depsipeptide named morinagadepsin (1), and the already known chaetone B (3). While the planar structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry, the absolute configuration of the building blocks Ala, Val, and Leu was determined as -l by Marfey’s method. The configuration of the 3-hydroxy-2-methyldecanyl unit was assigned as 22R,23R by J-based configuration analysis and Mosher’s method after partial hydrolysis of the morinagadepsin to the linear derivative compound 2. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against the mammalian cell lines KB3.1 and L929, but no antimicrobial activity against the fungi and bacteria tested was observed, while 2 was inactive. Compound 3 was weakly cytotoxic against the cell line L929, but did not show any antimicrobial activity.

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Birkenstock, Bianca, Mary Catey, Stacia McIntosh, Francesca Lopez, Logan Klump, Ryan Ashley, Eric J. Scholljegerdes, and Clint A. Loest. "PSIX-19 Leucine supplementation alters immune responses and blood metabolites of lambs exposed to endotoxin." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.739.

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Abstract This study evaluated effects of supplemental Leu on immune responses and blood metabolites of 29 wether lambs (43.8±10.7 kg) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lambs were fed (1.8% BW daily) a diet of 70% alfalfa hay and 30% corn-based supplement in equal portions twice daily. Lambs were adapted to dietary treatments for 7 days followed by 24-hour collections. Treatments (2×3 factorial) were subcutaneous injection of saline (-LPS) or saline containing LPS to supply 3μg (+LPS) per kg BW on day 7, and daily supplementation of no Leu (NO-LEU), intravenously-infused Leu (IV-LEU), or dietary ruminally-protected Leu (RP-LEU). The IV-LEU and RP-LEU supplied L-Leu at 15mg/kg BW daily. Lambs received jugular catheters 7 days before LPS. Rectal temperature and tumor necrosis factor-α were greater for +LPS than -LPS lambs receiving NO-LEU, and not different between +LPS and -LPS lambs receiving IV-LEU and RP-LEU (LPS×LEU; P≤0.10). Cortisol was greater for +LPS than -LPS lambs 2, 4, and 8 hours after LPS (LPS×hour; P < 0.01). Haptoglobin (24 hours after LPS) was greater for +LPS than -LPS lambs (P < 0.01). Lymphocytes were lower for +LPS than -LPS lambs receiving NO-LEU, and not different between +LPS and -LPS lambs receiving IV-LEU and RP-LEU (LPS×LEU; P = 0.03). Serum glucose was not different at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours, but lower for +LPS than -LPS lambs 8 hours after LPS (LPS×hour; P = 0.06). Serum Leu, isoleucine, and valine were lower for +LPS than -LPS lambs 4, 8, and 12 hours after LPS (LPS×hour; P < 0.01). Serum Leu was greater for IV-LEU than NO-LEU and RP-LEU at 0 hours, not different among Leu treatments at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours, and lower for IV-LEU and RP-LEU than NO-LEU 12 hours after LPS (LEU×hour; P < 0.01). These results indicate that Leu supplementation attenuates the inflammatory response to an endotoxin in sheep.

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Bessot, P., and P. Lefait. "Et tu danses, Lou." Archives de Pédiatrie 21, no. 5 (May 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71433-2.

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Thiele, DL, and PE Lipsky. "Spectrum of toxicities of amino acid methyl esters for myeloid cells is determined by distinct metabolic pathways." Blood 79, no. 4 (February 15, 1992): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.4.964.964.

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Abstract L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe), Leu-Leu-OMe, Phe-OMe, and Glu-(OMe)2 are toxic to mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) and neutrophils. In the present studies, the mechanism of this toxicity was examined. A concentration of NH4Cl known to neutralize lysosomal pH and to block conversion of Leu-OMe to the dipeptide condensation product Leu-Leu-OMe inhibited Leu-OMe- or Glu-(OMe)2- but not Leu-Leu-OMe-mediated M phi toxicity. Leu-OMe-, Glu-(OMe)2-, or Leu-Leu-OMe-mediated killing of M phi was prevented by Gly-Phe-CHN2, a specific inhibitor of the thiol protease, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI). Neither NH4Cl nor Gly-Phe-CHN2 prevented Phe-OMe-mediated M phi toxicity. In contrast, inhibition of M phi serine esterase activity prevented Phe-OMe- but not Leu-OMe- or Glu- (OMe)2-mediated killing of M phi. The myeloid tumor lines U937, HL60, and THP-1 were found to be uniformly enriched in DPPI and susceptible to Leu-Leu-OMe but not Leu-OMe toxicity. Whereas HL60 were resistant to Phe-OMe, THP-1 cells were killed by this agent. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Leu-OMe resulted in loss of natural killer (NK) functions and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) precursors, a process that requires the DPPI-dependent generation of membranolytic polymerization products. Phe-OMe had no toxic effects on NK cells or CTL precursors. These results indicate that Leu-OMe and Glu- (OMe)2 toxicity for M phi is related to the production of higher molecular weight hydrophobic polymerization products via the sequential action of two nonserine esterase lysosomal enzymes. In contrast, Phe- OMe toxicity for myeloid cells was found to correlate with serine esterase-mediated intracellular trapping of high concentrations of the free amino acid Phe. These distinct enzymatic mechanisms may provide a unique means of targeting agents capable of selectively deleting cells of myeloid lineage.

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Thiele, DL, and PE Lipsky. "Spectrum of toxicities of amino acid methyl esters for myeloid cells is determined by distinct metabolic pathways." Blood 79, no. 4 (February 15, 1992): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.4.964.bloodjournal794964.

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L-leucine methyl ester (Leu-OMe), Leu-Leu-OMe, Phe-OMe, and Glu-(OMe)2 are toxic to mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) and neutrophils. In the present studies, the mechanism of this toxicity was examined. A concentration of NH4Cl known to neutralize lysosomal pH and to block conversion of Leu-OMe to the dipeptide condensation product Leu-Leu-OMe inhibited Leu-OMe- or Glu-(OMe)2- but not Leu-Leu-OMe-mediated M phi toxicity. Leu-OMe-, Glu-(OMe)2-, or Leu-Leu-OMe-mediated killing of M phi was prevented by Gly-Phe-CHN2, a specific inhibitor of the thiol protease, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI). Neither NH4Cl nor Gly-Phe-CHN2 prevented Phe-OMe-mediated M phi toxicity. In contrast, inhibition of M phi serine esterase activity prevented Phe-OMe- but not Leu-OMe- or Glu- (OMe)2-mediated killing of M phi. The myeloid tumor lines U937, HL60, and THP-1 were found to be uniformly enriched in DPPI and susceptible to Leu-Leu-OMe but not Leu-OMe toxicity. Whereas HL60 were resistant to Phe-OMe, THP-1 cells were killed by this agent. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Leu-OMe resulted in loss of natural killer (NK) functions and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) precursors, a process that requires the DPPI-dependent generation of membranolytic polymerization products. Phe-OMe had no toxic effects on NK cells or CTL precursors. These results indicate that Leu-OMe and Glu- (OMe)2 toxicity for M phi is related to the production of higher molecular weight hydrophobic polymerization products via the sequential action of two nonserine esterase lysosomal enzymes. In contrast, Phe- OMe toxicity for myeloid cells was found to correlate with serine esterase-mediated intracellular trapping of high concentrations of the free amino acid Phe. These distinct enzymatic mechanisms may provide a unique means of targeting agents capable of selectively deleting cells of myeloid lineage.

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21

Zhou, MX, HW Jr Findley, R. Davis, and AH Ragab. "Assay of lymphokine-activated killer activity generated from bone marrow cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.1.160.160.

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Abstract We recently reported that low molecular weight B-cell growth factor (LMW-BCGF) plus recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) synergistically induced lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity from the bone marrow (BM) cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The kinetics of cell growth, antigenic phenotype, and lytic activity of the generated effector cells were further analyzed in this study. BM cells from ALL patients with active disease and in complete remission (CR) were cultured with a combination of LMW-BCGF and rIL-2. Monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3 and anti-Leu 19) and immunomagnetic beads were used to separate LAK cells into three subsets: CD3+/Leu 19-, CD3+/Leu 19+, and CD3-/Leu 19+. Cytotoxicity assays with different subsets were performed versus K562, Raji, and autologous leukemic cells, using a 3- hour 51Cr release test. There was a significant cell expansion of 54- fold (mean value) for CD3+ cells and 15-fold for Leu 19+ cells in culture with LMW-BCGF plus rIL-2 for 7 to 14 days, whereas no cell expansion was observed in culture with rIL-2 alone. Although NK activity (K562) was generated from leukemic BM cells in culture with rIL-2 alone, it is only about one third of that generated in culture with rIL-2 plus LMW-BCGF. Analysis of lytic activity of cells generated in the latter cultures demonstrated that CD3-/Leu 19+ cells expressed highest lytic activity against NK-sensitive K562 cells as well as against NK-resistant Raji cells. CD3+/Leu 19+ cells showed median cytotoxicity, and CD3+Leu 19- cells mediated only minimal cytotoxic activity. Also, lytic activity of CD3-/Leu 19+ cells against autologous leukemic blasts was noted in patients with active disease. Our results demonstrate that LAK activity generated from BM cells by LMW-BCGF and r- IL2 is mediated mainly by two types of Leu 19+ cells: CD3-/Leu 19+ NK cells and CD3-/Leu 19+ T cells. Although CD3+ T cells (both Leu 19+ and Leu 19-) mediated less antitumor cytotoxicity than CD3-/Leu 19+ cells, the former cells were the major expanding cell population in culture with LMW-BCGF and rIL-2. The new culture system may be effective in generation of cells with LAK activity for therapeutic use.

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Zhou, MX, HW Jr Findley, R. Davis, and AH Ragab. "Assay of lymphokine-activated killer activity generated from bone marrow cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Blood 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.1.160.bloodjournal751160.

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We recently reported that low molecular weight B-cell growth factor (LMW-BCGF) plus recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) synergistically induced lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity from the bone marrow (BM) cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The kinetics of cell growth, antigenic phenotype, and lytic activity of the generated effector cells were further analyzed in this study. BM cells from ALL patients with active disease and in complete remission (CR) were cultured with a combination of LMW-BCGF and rIL-2. Monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3 and anti-Leu 19) and immunomagnetic beads were used to separate LAK cells into three subsets: CD3+/Leu 19-, CD3+/Leu 19+, and CD3-/Leu 19+. Cytotoxicity assays with different subsets were performed versus K562, Raji, and autologous leukemic cells, using a 3- hour 51Cr release test. There was a significant cell expansion of 54- fold (mean value) for CD3+ cells and 15-fold for Leu 19+ cells in culture with LMW-BCGF plus rIL-2 for 7 to 14 days, whereas no cell expansion was observed in culture with rIL-2 alone. Although NK activity (K562) was generated from leukemic BM cells in culture with rIL-2 alone, it is only about one third of that generated in culture with rIL-2 plus LMW-BCGF. Analysis of lytic activity of cells generated in the latter cultures demonstrated that CD3-/Leu 19+ cells expressed highest lytic activity against NK-sensitive K562 cells as well as against NK-resistant Raji cells. CD3+/Leu 19+ cells showed median cytotoxicity, and CD3+Leu 19- cells mediated only minimal cytotoxic activity. Also, lytic activity of CD3-/Leu 19+ cells against autologous leukemic blasts was noted in patients with active disease. Our results demonstrate that LAK activity generated from BM cells by LMW-BCGF and r- IL2 is mediated mainly by two types of Leu 19+ cells: CD3-/Leu 19+ NK cells and CD3-/Leu 19+ T cells. Although CD3+ T cells (both Leu 19+ and Leu 19-) mediated less antitumor cytotoxicity than CD3-/Leu 19+ cells, the former cells were the major expanding cell population in culture with LMW-BCGF and rIL-2. The new culture system may be effective in generation of cells with LAK activity for therapeutic use.

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Skettino, S., J. Phillips, L. Lanier, A. Nagler, and P. Greenberg. "Selective generation of erythroid burst-promoting activity by recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells." Blood 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.4.907.907.

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Abstract Because T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells produce a variety of growth factors and interleukin 2 (IL2) modulates the activity of both, we assessed the ability of IL2 to stimulate human T cells and NK cells to produce hematopoietic growth factors detectable in clonogenic marrow culture. Human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) added directly to cultures of human bone marrow that had been depleted of monocytes or depleted of both monocytes and T cells caused no significant alteration of myeloid (CFU-GM) or erythroid colony formation. Conditioned media harvested from rIL2-stimulated (greater than 100 U/mL) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells, Leu-2 cells, and Leu-3 cells all had erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) but lacked myeloid colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. These T cells were IL2 receptor-negative, and the addition of anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) to T cell cultures did not abrogate this IL2-stimulated BPA production. In addition, Percoll gradient-enriched, large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were separated by fluorescence- activated cell sorting into Leu-11+ (NK) cells and Leu-11- (low-density Leu-4+ T) cell fractions. rIL2 stimulated LGL, Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells to produce BPA but not detectable GM-CSF or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. Leu-11+ (NK) cells were Tac-negative from days 0 through 14 of culture. We conclude that rIL2 at high concentrations stimulated T cells, Leu-2 and Leu-3 cell subsets, LGL, and NK cells to produce BPA but not GM-CSF and that this stimulation may be mediated by an IL2 receptor distinct from Tac or by an epitope of the IL2 receptor not recognized by the anti-Tac antibody.

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Skettino, S., J. Phillips, L. Lanier, A. Nagler, and P. Greenberg. "Selective generation of erythroid burst-promoting activity by recombinant interleukin 2-stimulated human T lymphocytes and natural killer cells." Blood 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.4.907.bloodjournal714907.

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Because T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells produce a variety of growth factors and interleukin 2 (IL2) modulates the activity of both, we assessed the ability of IL2 to stimulate human T cells and NK cells to produce hematopoietic growth factors detectable in clonogenic marrow culture. Human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2) added directly to cultures of human bone marrow that had been depleted of monocytes or depleted of both monocytes and T cells caused no significant alteration of myeloid (CFU-GM) or erythroid colony formation. Conditioned media harvested from rIL2-stimulated (greater than 100 U/mL) peripheral blood mononuclear cells, T cells, Leu-2 cells, and Leu-3 cells all had erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) but lacked myeloid colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. These T cells were IL2 receptor-negative, and the addition of anti-IL2 receptor monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) to T cell cultures did not abrogate this IL2-stimulated BPA production. In addition, Percoll gradient-enriched, large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were separated by fluorescence- activated cell sorting into Leu-11+ (NK) cells and Leu-11- (low-density Leu-4+ T) cell fractions. rIL2 stimulated LGL, Leu-11+ and Leu-11- cells to produce BPA but not detectable GM-CSF or CFU-GM-inhibitory activity. Leu-11+ (NK) cells were Tac-negative from days 0 through 14 of culture. We conclude that rIL2 at high concentrations stimulated T cells, Leu-2 and Leu-3 cell subsets, LGL, and NK cells to produce BPA but not GM-CSF and that this stimulation may be mediated by an IL2 receptor distinct from Tac or by an epitope of the IL2 receptor not recognized by the anti-Tac antibody.

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25

Henderson, G. I., T. A. Frosto, D. W. Heitman, and S. Schenker. "Ethanol stimulates leucine uptake by rat fetal hepatocytes via trans-stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): G384—G389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.2.g384.

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Prior studies showed that exposure of cultured rat fetal hepatocytes to ethanol increased sodium-independent transport of alpha-amino-isobutyric acid and cycloleucine. Using leucine (Leu) as a probe, we now show that this is a reflection of trans-stimulation of system L inward flux. Transport of Leu was entirely sodium independent and beta-2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid inhibitable. Uptake kinetics indicated two components, likely systems L1 and L2 reported for the adult hepatocyte. The low-affinity Km was in the 0.5 mM range, whereas the high-affinity Km was 2% of that value. Under optimal growth conditions, approximately 65% of the Leu was transported by the latter system. Strong bidirectional exchange was shown with Leu loading, stimulating initial Leu uptake by 66%. Externally directed transport was enhanced 2.9 times against 5 x 10(-3) M Leu vs. no external Leu. A 24-h exposure to ethanol (2 mg/ml) increased Leu uptake by up to 100%, an effect that could be mimicked by arrested cell replication. Both enhanced rates could be reversed by amino acid depletion, reflecting intracellular amino accrual that induced trans-stimulation of Leu uptake. Enhanced uptake was also reproduced in replicating cells by loading with increasing concentrations of Leu.

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Buchler, Johann W., and Jürgen Löffler. "Metallkomplexe mit Tetrapyrrol-Liganden, LVI [1] / Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands, LVI [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0419.

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The reaction of tris(2,4-pentanedionato)europium(III) with a porphyrin H2(P)** in boiling 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene affords a so-called “redox mixture” of europium(III) bisporphyrinates, i. e. porphyrin π-radicals of the type Eu(P)2 and sandwiches EuH(P)2 in which one of the porphyrin rings is protonated. Thus, from either tetraphenylporphyrin or its dilithium derivative, or octaethylporphyrin, or a mixture of both porphyrins, the corresponding mixtures of double-deckers with two identical or two differnt porphyrin rings are obtained. The transformation of the redox mixtures into the pure tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives Eu(TPP)2, EuH(TPP)2, and the salt [NBu4] [Eu(TPP),, the separation of the octaethylporphyrin derivatives Eu(OEP)2 and EuH(OEP)2, and the purification of the “mixed” double-decker Eu(OEP)-(TPP) are described. The compounds are characterized by cyclic voltammetry, IR, UV/VIS/NIR, 1H NMR, and mass spectra. The obtained data indicate that the π-electrons of the two porphyrin rings behave as a common electronic system in which a defect electron is delocalized. However, in the “mixed” double-decker Eu(OEP) (TPP) the defect electron is more concentrated on the OEP ring, i. e. the porphyrin ring which is more easily oxidized.

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Schmidbaur, H., and O. Steigelmann. "The First Complexes of Tetragoldmethane CAu4." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-1213.

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Treatment of C[B(OMe)2]4 with four equivalents of a (tert-phosphine)gold(I) chloride LAuCl with L = P(c-C6H11)3 or (2-MeC6H4)3P in the presence of CsF in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPT) affords the first complexes of the type (LAu)4C. The product is formed together with salts (LAu)5C+BF4- as the by-product for L = tricyclohexylphosphine, from which it can be separated by fractional crystallisation. With Ph2(2-MeCH4)P only the hexacoordinate species (LAu)6C2+2 BF4- is obtained, while with Ph(2-MeC6H4)2P a mixture of (LAu)6C2+ and (LAu)5C+ salts is generated. The title compounds are stable, colourless solids readily identified by standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including 13C NMR of 13C-enriched material.

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Mouta, Ernesto Rinaldi, Wanderley José de Melo, Marcio Roberto Soares, Luis Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni, and José Carlos Casagrande. "Adsorção de selênio em latossolos." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 32, no. 3 (June 2008): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832008000300012.

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A retenção de Se pelos colóides do solo constitui importante processo para a manutenção da sanidade ambiental. A informação sobre a adsorção de Se em solos altamente intemperizados é restrita e existem poucos padrões quantitativos disponíveis para a definição de estratégias de remediação de áreas contaminadas. Quantidades crescentes de Se (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 e 250 mg L-1), na forma de Na2SeO3, foram adicionadas a amostras de dez Latossolos brasileiros [três Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos (LVA-1, LVA-2 e LVA-3), dois Latossolos Vermelhos (LV-1 e LV-2), um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef), um Latossolo Vermelho acriférrico (LVwf), dois Latossolos Amarelos (LA-1 e LA-2) e um Latossolo Amarelo acriférrico (LAwf)]. Isotermas de adsorção foram construídas e foi verificado o ajuste dos resultados experimentais aos modelos de Langmuir e de Freundlich. A equação de Langmuir ajustou melhor os resultados de adsorção de Se do que a isoterma de Freundlich. Todas as isotermas apresentaram o formato tipo-L (exponencial), com exceção daquelas obtidas para o LVA-1 e para o LVA-2, que apresentaram comportamento tipo-C (linear). Valores de adsorção máxima (Ads máx), estimada pelo modelo de Langmuir, variaram de 135 (LVA-3) a 2.245 mg kg-1 (LA-1), enquanto os coeficientes de afinidade (K L) estiveram entre 0,002 (LVA-2) e 0,326 (LVA-3). A constante de afinidade estimada pelo modelo de Freundlich (Kf) variou de 13,7 (LVA-2) a 180,1 (LAwf). A adsorção máxima de Se foi mais elevada no LVef e nos Latossolos ácricos (LAwf e LVwf), enquanto os maiores valores de Kf foram encontrados no LV-2, LVef, LVA-3 e LVwf. Não houve correlação entre os atributos dos solos e as constantes de Langmuir. Valores de Kf correlacionaram-se com os teores de argila (r = 0,42*) e com a capacidade de troca de ânions (r = 0,64*).

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Chaudhuri, Phalguni, Dirk Ventur, Karl Wieghardt, Eva-M. Peters, Karl Peters, and Arndt Simon. "Preparation, Magnetism, and Crystal Structures of the Tautomers [LCu(?2-OH)2CuL](ClO4)2 (Blue) and [LCu(?2-OH2)(?2-O)CuL](ClO?4)?2 (Green): ?-Aqua-?-oxo vs. Di-?-hydroxo Linkage." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198500571.

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Ault, K. A., J. H. Antin, D. Ginsburg, S. H. Orkin, J. M. Rappeport, M. L. Keohan, P. Martin, and B. R. Smith. "Phenotype of recovering lymphoid cell populations after marrow transplantation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 161, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 1483–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.161.6.1483.

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Four patients who received bone marrow transplants were studied sequentially during the posttransplant period to define the pattern of recovering lymphoid cell types. Three patients received T cell-depleted, HLA-matched marrow, and one received untreated marrow from an identical twin. Blood lymphoid cells were labeled with 25 different pairs of monoclonal antibodies. In each sample, one antibody was conjugated to fluorescein and one to phycoerythrin, thus allowing simultaneous assessment of the expression of the two markers using the fluorescence activated cell sorter. A total of 14 antibodies were used, routinely including HLE, Leu-M3, Leu-4, Leu-1, Leu-5, Leu-9, Leu-6, Leu-2, Leu-3, HLA-DR, Leu-7, Leu-11, Leu-15, and Leu-12. Other antibodies were used to further define some populations. This study has allowed us to define six distinct cell types that have appeared in all four patients by day 90 posttransplantation, and which account for 90-100% of all circulating lymphoid cells. These cell types are (a) T helper cells expressing Leu-1, Leu-4, Leu-9, Leu-5, Leu-3, and variable amounts of HLA-DR; (b) T suppressor cells expressing Leu-1, Leu-4, Leu-9, Leu-5, Leu-2, and variable amounts of HLA-DR; (c) B cells expressing Leu-12, B1, HLA-DR, IgD, and IgM, but none of the T cell antigens; (d) an unusual B cell phenotype (Leu-1 B) expressing all of the B cell markers, and also having low amounts of Leu-1, but none of the other T cell antigens; (e) natural killer (NK) cells expressing Leu-11, Leu-15, Leu-5 but none of the other T cell or B cell markers; (f) NK cells expressing Leu-11, Leu-15, Leu-5, and low levels of Leu-2. Both NK types also express Leu-7 on some, but not all cells. The relative frequencies of these cell types varied among the patients and with time, but the striking findings were the presence of relatively few mature T cells, large numbers of NK cells, and the preponderance of the unusual Leu-1 B cell over conventional B cells in all three patients who developed B cells. Sorting experiments confirmed the NK activity of the major NK cell phenotypes, and DNA analysis confirmed that all of the cells studied were of donor origin. In addition, analysis of Ig genes in one patient showed that the Leu-1 B cells were not clonally rearranged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Reuter, Sandra, Patrick Kaumanns, Sabine B. Buschhorn, and Matthias T. Dittmar. "Role of HIV-2 envelope in Lv2-mediated restriction." Virology 332, no. 1 (February 2005): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.11.025.

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N. R. Augspurger and D. H. Baker. "An estimate of the leucine requirement for young pigs." Animal Science 79, no. 1 (April 2004): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800054618.

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AbstractThree pig trials were done to estimate an objective requirement of young (10 to 20 kg) pigs for leucine (Leu). Within each trial, four or five replicates of five pigs were given ad libitum access to their experimental diet for a period of 21 (trial 1) or 19 days (trials 2 and 3). A Leu-deficient diet (177 g crude protein per kg) based on maize, peanut meal, lactose, sucrose, dried whey, maize starch, soya-bean meal (SBM), and gelatin was used in these trials. Trial 1 showed that the Leu-deficient diet supplemented with Leu produced responses in weight gain and gain/food ratio that were similar (P > 0·10) to that obtained from a maize-SBM-whey positive-control diet containing 213 g crude protein (CP) per kg. Trials 2 and 3 utilized graded levels of crystalline L-Leu to determine the minimal Leu requirement in young pigs. Both trials showed linear increases (P < 0·05) in weight gain and gain/food as a result of Leu supplementation. Closer examination of the data revealed no significant change in gain/food or PUN responses above 11·2 g/kg total Leu in trial 2, or in weight gain or PUN values above 11·5 g/kg total Leu in trial 3. These data indicate that the Leu requirement of young pigs is probably not greater than 11·5 g/kg (10·5 g/kg true digestible), which equates to approximately 0·72 g true digestible Leu per MJ metabolizable energy. The ideal ratio of Leu to Lys appears to be close to 1: 1 for pigs in the weight range of 10 to 20 kg.

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Ying, Shao-Ming, Yun Chen, Jun-Yue Lin, Guang-Pei Zhou, and Jian-Hong Wu. "Bis[μ-(2-carboxylatoethyl)phosphonato]bis[aqua(2,2′-bipyridine)cobalt(II)]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 31, 2007): m2862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807052592.

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The title compound, [Co2(HO3PCH2CH2COO)2(C10H8N2)2(H2O)2], was obtained by a hydrothermal method. Two six-coordinate cobalt(II) ions are linked by two 2-carboxyethylphosphonate ligands, forming a centrosymmetric dimer. The dimers are further interlinked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 4.2975 (5) Å] to form a three-dimensional supramolecular structure. The compound is isostructural with the analogous zinc(II) complex reported recently [Ying, Li, Chen, Liu & Liu (2007). Acta Cryst. E63, m555–m557].

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Jiang, Chun-Lei, Zhen-Dong You, Chang-Lin Lu, Di Xu, Ai-Jun Wang, Yuan-Xia Wang, and Xin-Yuan Liu. "Leu-enkephalin induced by IL-2 administration mediates analgesic effect of IL-2." NeuroReport 11, no. 7 (May 2000): 1483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200005150-00025.

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Bruns, G., P. Kavathas, Y. Shiloh, K. Sakai, J. Schwaber, S. A. Latt, and L. A. Herzenberg. "The human T cell antigen Leu-2 (T8) is encoded on chromosome 2." Human Genetics 70, no. 4 (August 1985): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00295366.

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El Haddadi, M., F. Cavelier, E. Vives, A. Azmani, J. Verducci, and J. Martinez. "All-L-Leu-Pro-Leu-Pro: a challenging cyclization." Journal of Peptide Science 6, no. 11 (2000): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1387(200011)6:11<560::aid-psc275>3.0.co;2-i.

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Chen, Z., D. A. Lopez-Ramos, E. Yoshihara, Y. Maeda, H. Masutani, K. Sugie, M. Maeda, and J. Yodoi. "Thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2/VDUP1/TXNIP) regulates T-cell sensitivity to glucocorticoid during HTLV-I-induced transformation." Leukemia 25, no. 3 (December 10, 2010): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2010.286.

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38

Ogliari, Fabrício Aulo, Ulisses Bastos Campregher, Susana Maria Werner Samuel, Carmen Beatriz Borges Fortes, Alberth David Correa Medina, and Fabricio Mezzomo Collares. "Effectiveness of Second-generation Light-emitting Diode (LED) Light Curing Units." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 2 (2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-2-35.

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Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three commercially available light emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCU) (Elipar FreeLight - 3M ESPE; UltraLume LED2 - Ultradent; and Single V - BioArt) for polymerizing Z250-A3 composite (3M ESPE) using Knoop hardness, polymerization depth, and flexural strength properties. Methods and Materials The XL 2500 (3M ESPE) LCU, which is a conventional halogen unit, was used as a control. In all cases the curing time was 20 seconds. Hardness was determined 24 hours after composite cure for 10 samples of 8 mm diameter and 2 mm height for each LCU tested. Samples were stored dry in a lightproof container prior to testing. The depth of cure of the composite was measured immediately after composite polymerization for each LCU using three samples 4 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height. Flexural strength was determined for five samples 24 hours after immersion in distilled water at 37°C. Each sample measured 25 mm in length, 2 mm in width, and 2 mm in height for each LCU tested. Conclusion The results were treated statistically for comparison of the LCUs. In all cases the results obtained by LED LCUs were not different or were higher than a conventional halogen LCU. Clinical Significance Second generation LED LCUs were as effective as/or more effective than a halogen LCU for polymerization of the used composite. The present study shows second generation LEDs have the potential to replace halogen LCUs. Citation Campregher UB, Samuel SMW, Fortes CBB, Medina ADC, Collares FMC, Ogliari FA. Effectiveness of Second-generation Light-emitting Diode (LED) Light Curing Units. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:035-042.

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Khavandi, Kaivan, Meena Arunakirinathan, Adam S. Greenstein, and Anthony M. Heagerty. "Retinal Arterial Hypertrophy: the New LVH?" Current Hypertension Reports 15, no. 3 (April 11, 2013): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-013-0347-2.

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Zhu, Xinwei, Yu Zhong, Zihui Xie, Manlin Wu, Zhibo Hu, Weijia Ding, and Chunyuan Li. "Fusarihexins A and B: Novel Cyclic Hexadepsipeptides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. R5 with Antifungal Activities." Planta Medica 84, no. 18 (June 28, 2018): 1355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0647-7048.

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AbstractTwo novel cyclic hexadepsipeptides, fusarihexin A (1) and fusarihexin B (2), and two known compounds, cyclo-(L-Leu–L-Leu–D-Leu–L-Leu–L-Val) (3) and cyclo-(L-Leu–L-Leu–D-Leu–L-Leu–L-Ile) (4), were isolated from the marine mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. R5. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and Marfeyʼs analysis. In an in vitro bioassay, fusarihexin A (1) remarkably inhibited three plant pathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., which causes anthracnose in many fruits and vegetables, Colletotrichum musae (Berk. and M. A. Curtis) Arx, which causes crown rot and anthracnose in bananas, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W. C. Snyder et H. N. Hansen, which causes Fusarium wilt and fruit rot in tomatoes. Fusarihexin B (2) strongly inhibited C. gloeosporioides and C. musae. The compounds were more potent than carbendazim, which is widely used as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide worldwide.

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Reddy, P. Anantha, Sean T. Jones, Anita H. Lewin, and F. Ivy Carroll. "Synthesis of Hemopressin Peptides by Classical Solution Phase Fragment Condensation." International Journal of Peptides 2012 (November 27, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/186034.

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A fragment condensation solution phase assembly of the naturally occurring CB1 inverse agonist nonapeptides, Pro-Val-Asn-Phe-Lys-Phe/Leu-Leu-Ser-His-OH (hemopressins), and two other homologues: N-terminal 2-amino acid (dipeptide) extended undecapeptide, Val-Asp-Pro-Val-Asn-Phe-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ser-His-OH, and three-amino acid (tripeptide) extended dodecapeptide, Arg-Val-Asp-Pro-Val-Asn-Phe-Lys-Leu-Leu-Ser-His-OH, both CB1 agonists, is reported.

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Lee, Hae Kyung, Sergei B. Vakulenko, Don B. Clewell, Stephen A. Lerner, and Joseph W. Chow. "Mutations in the aph(2")-Ic Gene Are Responsible for Increased Levels of Aminoglycoside Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 10 (October 2002): 3253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.10.3253-3256.2002.

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ABSTRACT Random PCR mutagenesis of the enterococcal aph(2")-Ic gene followed by selection for mutant enzymes that confer enhanced levels of aminoglycoside resistance resulted in mutants of APH(2")-Ic with His-258-Leu and Phe-108-Leu substitutions, all of which conferred rises in the MICs of several aminoglycosides. The mutated residues are located outside conserved regions of aminoglycoside phosphotransferases.

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Prince, HE, JK Kreiss, CK Kasper, S. Kleinman, AM Saunders, L. Waldbeser, G. Mandigo, and HS Kaplan. "Distinctive lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in patients with congenital coagulation disorders who exhibit lymph node enlargement." Blood 66, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v66.1.64.64.

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Abstract The majority of patients with congenital clotting disorders who use clotting factor concentrate exhibit lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities. A subset of these patients develop lymph node enlargement (LNE), part of the spectrum of clinical disease associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is therefore important to determine if these patients with LNE exhibit specific immune alterations suggestive of early infection with the AIDS agent. We used one- and two-color immunofluorescence to distinguish the lymphocyte subpopulation alterations associated with concentrate use from those associated with LNE. Patients who use concentrate had elevated levels of Leu-2+ (T suppressor phenotype) cells and Leu-7+ (phenotype of some natural killer) cells. These increased levels were largely caused by a dramatic (2.6-fold) increase in the number of lymphocytes co-expressing Leu-2 and Leu-7 (2+7+). A dose-response effect between amount of concentrate infused during the preceding year and level of 2+7+ cells was observed. Concentrate recipients, as a group, also showed increased levels of T cells expressing Dr antigen (T+Dr+ phenotype, characteristic of activated or immature T cells) and cells expressing the T10 antigen (phenotype of some null cells and activated/immature T cells). Patients with LNE showed a further increase in T10+ cells as well as a distinctive decrease in Leu-3+ (T helper phenotype) lymphocytes. All LNE patients exhibited either low Leu-3+ levels, high T10+ levels, or both. Thus, concentrate use was associated with increased levels of Leu-2+ (particularly 2+7+) cells and T+Dr+ cells, whereas LNE was associated with decreased levels of Leu-3+ cells and high levels of T10+ cells.

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Prince, HE, JK Kreiss, CK Kasper, S. Kleinman, AM Saunders, L. Waldbeser, G. Mandigo, and HS Kaplan. "Distinctive lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in patients with congenital coagulation disorders who exhibit lymph node enlargement." Blood 66, no. 1 (July 1, 1985): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v66.1.64.bloodjournal66164.

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The majority of patients with congenital clotting disorders who use clotting factor concentrate exhibit lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities. A subset of these patients develop lymph node enlargement (LNE), part of the spectrum of clinical disease associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is therefore important to determine if these patients with LNE exhibit specific immune alterations suggestive of early infection with the AIDS agent. We used one- and two-color immunofluorescence to distinguish the lymphocyte subpopulation alterations associated with concentrate use from those associated with LNE. Patients who use concentrate had elevated levels of Leu-2+ (T suppressor phenotype) cells and Leu-7+ (phenotype of some natural killer) cells. These increased levels were largely caused by a dramatic (2.6-fold) increase in the number of lymphocytes co-expressing Leu-2 and Leu-7 (2+7+). A dose-response effect between amount of concentrate infused during the preceding year and level of 2+7+ cells was observed. Concentrate recipients, as a group, also showed increased levels of T cells expressing Dr antigen (T+Dr+ phenotype, characteristic of activated or immature T cells) and cells expressing the T10 antigen (phenotype of some null cells and activated/immature T cells). Patients with LNE showed a further increase in T10+ cells as well as a distinctive decrease in Leu-3+ (T helper phenotype) lymphocytes. All LNE patients exhibited either low Leu-3+ levels, high T10+ levels, or both. Thus, concentrate use was associated with increased levels of Leu-2+ (particularly 2+7+) cells and T+Dr+ cells, whereas LNE was associated with decreased levels of Leu-3+ cells and high levels of T10+ cells.

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Ding, Jie, Raymond W. P. Ng, and Larry Fliegel. "Functional characterization of the transmembrane segment VII of the NHE1 isoform of the Na+/H+ exchangerThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cardiovascular Dysfunction, Dhalla 70th Birthday Tribute." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y06-081.

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The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 is an integral membrane protein that regulates intracellular pH. It extrudes 1 intracellular H+ in exchange for 1 extracellular Na+. It has 2 large domains, an N-terminal membrane domain of 12 transmembrane segments and an intracellular C-terminal regulatory domain. We characterized the cysteine accessibility of amino acids of the critical transmembrane segment TM VII. Residues Leu 255, Leu 258, Glu 262, Leu 265, Asn 266, Asp 267, Val 269, Val 272, and Leu 273 were all mutated to cysteine residues in the cysteineless NHE1 isoform. Mutation of amino acids E262, N266, and D267 caused severe defects in activity and targeting of the intact full length protein. The balance of the active mutants were examined for sensitivity to the sulfhydryl reactive reagents, positively charged MTSET ((2- (trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate) and negatively charged MTSES ((2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate). Leu 255 and Leu 258 were sensitive to MTSET but not to MTSES. The results suggest that these amino acids are pore-lining residues. We present a model of TM VII that shows that residues Leu 255, Leu 258, Glu 262, Asn 266, and Asp 267 lie near the same face of TM VII, lining the ion transduction pore.

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Nayyar, Anand. "Cross-Layer System for Cluster Based Data Access in MANET’S." International Journal of Computer Science and Informatics, January 2013, 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47893/ijcsi.2013.1087.

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The objective of cooperative caching is to improve data availability, improve access efficiency and reduce query delay in mobile Ad-Hoc networks. Many types of cache replacement algorithms like LRU, LFU, LFRU, LRU-MIN and LFU-MIN are used to improve data accessibility and reduce query delay in cluster based cooperative caching in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks. But they have some limitations such as accessing remote information station via multi hop communication leads to longer query latency and causes high energy consumption, many clients frequently access the database server they cause a high load on the server and reduce the server response time .Multi hop communication causes the network capacity degrades when network partition occurs. The Research Paper gives an overview of Cooperative Cache Management Techniques and caching policies and propose a new algorithm can be regarded as a LRFU-MIN (least recently frequently used information with minimal number of page replacements). It discover a data source which induces less communication cost of moving cache blocks into the most recently frequently used position and minimizes caching duplications between neighbour nodes. In this paper we utilize a cross-layer design approach to improve the performance of combined cooperative caching and prefetching schemes. The paper examines the performance using NS-2 simulation environments. The proposed LRFU-MIN enhances the performance of cross-layer cluster based cooperative caching in mobile Ad- Hoc networks when compared with LRU and LFU-MIN.

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Badhiwala, Jetan H., Omar Khan, Adam Wegner, Fan Jiang, Jamie R. F. Wilson, Benjamin R. Morgan, George M. Ibrahim, Jefferson R. Wilson, and Michael G. Fehlings. "A partial least squares analysis of functional status, disability, and quality of life after surgical decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (September 30, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72595-2.

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Abstract Previous studies aimed at identifying predictors of clinical outcomes following surgical decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) are limited by multicollinearity among predictors, whereby the high degree of correlation between covariates precludes detection of potentially significant findings. We apply partial least squares (PLS), a data-driven approach, to model multi-dimensional variance and dissociate patient phenotypes associated with functional, disability, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in DCM. This was a post-hoc analysis of DCM patients enrolled in the prospective, multi-center AOSpine CSM-NA/CSM-I studies. Baseline clinical covariates evaluated as predictors included demographic (e.g., age, sex), clinical presentation (e.g., signs and symptoms), and treatment (e.g., surgical approach) characteristics. Outcomes evaluated included change in functional status (∆mJOA), disability (∆NDI), and QOL (∆SF-36) at 2 years. PLS was used to derive latent variables (LVs) relating specific clinical covariates with specific outcomes. Statistical significance was estimated using bootstrapping. Four hundred and seventy-eight patients met eligibility criteria. PLS identified 3 significant LVs. LV1 indicated an association between presentation with hand muscle atrophy, treatment by an approach other than laminectomy alone, and greater improvement in physical health-related QOL outcomes (e.g., SF-36 Physical Component Summary). LV2 suggested the presence of comorbidities (respiratory, rheumatologic, psychological) was associated with lesser improvements in functional status post-operatively (i.e., mJOA score). Finally, LV3 reflected an association between more severe myelopathy presenting with gait impairment and poorer mental health-related QOL outcomes (e.g., SF-36 Mental Component Summary). Using PLS, this analysis uncovered several novel insights pertaining to patients undergoing surgical decompression for DCM that warrant further investigation: (1) comorbid status and frailty heavily impact functional outcome; (2) presentation with hand muscle atrophy is associated with better physical QOL outcomes; and (3) more severe myelopathy with gait impairment is associated with poorer mental QOL outcomes.

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"LVC volume 2 issue 2 Cover and Front matter." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 2 (July 1990): f1—f2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000284.

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"LVC volume 2 issue 2 Cover and Back matter." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 2 (July 1990): b1—b2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000296.

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"LVC volume 7 issue 2 Front matter." Language Variation and Change 7, no. 2 (July 1995): f1—f2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000934.

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Journal articles on the topic '2 § LVU'

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