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Journal articles on the topic '2000 Sydney Olympics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 February 2023

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1

Payne, Rachel. "Rethinking the Status of Female Olympians in the Australian Press." Media International Australia 110, no. 1 (February 2004): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411000113.

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There is a common assumption among sport and media analysts that female athletes worldwide simply do not enjoy adequate media coverage. This article aims to challenge this notion by highlighting an important aspect of women's sport reporting often overlooked in other analyses of sportswomen in the media — Olympic press coverage. In contrast to everyday press representations of women's sport, the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000 provided several positive examples of reports written by Australian journalists about female athletes. Incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches, this paper assesses both the allocation and content of articles printed about female Olympians during the Sydney Olympics by four major Australian newspapers.

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2

Waitt, Gordon. "The Olympic spirit and civic boosterism: The Sydney 2000 Olympics." Tourism Geographies 3, no. 3 (January 2001): 249–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616680110055402.

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3

Hermann, Enno. "‘Sale of the Millennium’: The 2000 Olympics and Australia's Corporate Identity." Media International Australia 94, no. 1 (February 2000): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009400116.

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This article argues that discourses of ‘the national’ in Australia have increasingly come to be treated in commodified terms — that is, in the language of advertising. It looks at the advertising campaign that accompanies the upcoming Sydney Olympic Games, where Australia features as a tourist spectacle of an idealised global culture. Images of natural beauty, multicultural harmony and particularly Indigenous culture are highlighted in this unprecedented opportunity for Australia to sell itself to the world. Treating the Sydney Olympics in this way, as a global media event, allows for some reconsideration of the processes and the images employed in Australia's national imagining.

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4

Hitchen, Eric. "Widescreen Television at the Sydney 2000 Olympics." SMPTE Journal 106, no. 7 (July 1997): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/j15750.

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5

Sinclair, John. "More Than an Old Flame: National Symbolism and the Media in the Torch Ceremony of the Olympics." Media International Australia 97, no. 1 (November 2000): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009700107.

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This article explores the symbolism of the ceremonial torch relay and ceremony in the Olympics, and offers an analysis of its conduct in the Sydney Olympics, and its reporting in the media. The torch ceremony provides a striking example of what has been called ‘the invention of tradition’, which has undergone much adaptation from one Olympiad to another, in line with the cultural and sometimes political expression of the national identity of the host city. This article considers the symbols and values of national belonging built into the planning of the torch ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympics, and by closely following the media coverage it was given, principally in the national press, shows how news stories were generated in the tension between these symbols and values, and the social issues of the day.

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6

Waitt, Gordon. "Playing Games with Sydney: Marketing Sydney for the 2000 Olympics." Urban Studies 36, no. 7 (June 1999): 1055–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098993097.

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7

Conger, Kevin. "Chapter 16 - Sydney Olympics 2000: Northern Water Feature." Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1, no. 6 (January 2012): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/978-0-415-24365-0.ch016.

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8

Eastman, Susan Tyler, and Andrew C. Billings. "Promotion’s Limited Impact in the 2000 Sydney Olympics." Television & New Media 5, no. 4 (November 2004): 339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476403255818.

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9

Faulkner, B., L. Chalip, G. Brown, L. Jago, R. March, and A. Woodside. "Monitoring the Tourism Impacts of the Sydney 2000 Olympics." Event Management 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/152599500108751390.

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10

Morton, R. Hugh. "Who won the Sydney 2000 Olympics?: an allometric approach." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician) 51, no. 2 (June 2002): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9884.00307.

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11

Cooper, David. "Disaster Medical Team Deployment for the Sydney 2000 Olympics." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, S1 (June 2001): S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0003524x.

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12

Pensgaard, Anne Marte, and Joan L. Duda. "Sydney 2000: The Interplay between Emotions, Coping, and the Performance of Olympic-Level Athletes." Sport Psychologist 17, no. 3 (September 2003): 253–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.17.3.253.

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Drawing upon the Cognitive-Motivational-Relational Theory of Emotion (Lazarus, 1991, 1999, 2000) and Hanin’s (1993, 2000) conceptualization of emotions, the purpose of this study was threefold. First, the reported content, frequency, and intensity of emotions experienced by 61 athletes in relation to a stressful event when competing in the 2000 Olympic Games were determined. Second, the relationships between emotional responses and reported coping strategies and perceived coping effectiveness were examined. Finally, the degree to which emotions and perceived coping effectiveness predicted subjective and objective performance during the Olympics was ascertained. In general, the athletes experienced a high frequency of optimizing emotions. Optimizing emotions were related to coping effectiveness, which emerged as a positive predictor of objective competitive results. Coping effectiveness also positively predicted subjective performance while reported dysfunctional emotions emerged as a negative predictor.

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13

Magdalinski, Tara. "Performance Technologies: Drugs and Fastskin at the Sydney 2000 Olympics." Media International Australia 97, no. 1 (November 2000): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009700109.

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Throughout preparations for the Sydney 2000 Olympics, there was substantial discussion of a range of technological innovations in sport. On the one hand, performance-enhancing drugs have been rejected as ‘unfair’ or ‘unhealthy’ whilst other technologies have been welcomed with little critique. The debate around drugs in sport and Fastskin bodysuits exposes key elements and contradictions within dominant discourses of sporting performance. At the same time that most athletes and administrators were arguing that equality of access by all Australian team members was the key factor in determining whether Australian swimmers should use bodysuits, other athletes clearly recognised the potential criticism that these suits represent some sort of ‘unnatural’ body enhancement. The issue of performance enhancement was effectively isolated from debates around performance-enhancing drugs by the distinction between the ingestion of drugs and the wearing of suits. As such, the use of the Fastskin suit was depicted as a temporary and function-specific enhancement of the body's natural’ ability and form, rather than a complete molecular transformation of the body — and therefore ‘unnatural’. In this debate, the Fastskin bodysuit and its performance-enhancing potential are presented and legitimated as an acceptable application of human scientific endeavour to the improvement of athletic achievement.

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14

Greenfield, Cathy, and Peter Williams. "The Sporting Gamble: Media Sport, Drama and Politics." Media International Australia 97, no. 1 (November 2000): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009700108.

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Sport is historically developed, institutionally organised, politically charged and culturally communicated. Sport is also about time and space and bodies. Media sport — configured as drama — routinely presents audiences with particular, persuasive ways of understanding these materialities, in ways that work over and consolidate social relations of power between genders, nationalities, ‘races’. We note some pre-Sydney 2000 media examples which make their own arguments about the Olympics, and then some of the varied media presentation and reportage of Sydney 2000 in order to consider this media event as part of ongoing gender, ‘race’ and national politics.

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15

Choi, Kyoungho, Bongseok Kim, and Jinhee Choi. "Evaluating Olympic Pictograms Using Fuzzy TOPSIS—Focus on Judo, Taekwondo, Boxing, and Wrestling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 3934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073934.

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It is necessary to evaluate whether Olympic pictograms are designed accurately and are easy to understand, so that they fulfill their intended functions and roles. Olympic pictograms are used to facilitate smooth communication at this large sporting event. However, viewers often find it challenging to understand the actual sport represented by the pictogram. This study evaluates the ranking of comprehensibility of the pictograms for judo, taekwondo, boxing, and wrestling used in six games, from the 27th Sydney Olympics in 2000 to the 32nd Tokyo Olympics in 2021. The evaluation was done using the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, a multi-criteria decision-making methodology commonly used in economics and other fields. Data collection was conducted from 10 May to 30 June 2021 for 44 general public and seven experts. The results are as follows. First, the pictograms from the 2008 Beijing Olympics ranked first in three sports: taekwondo, boxing, and wrestling, but there were no pictograms that consistently ranked first or sixth in all sports. Second, the sensitivity analysis result shows the possibility that the ranking would be reversed if the weight of the evaluation factors were changed. This study is expected to contribute to developing pictograms that can adequately convey the appropriate information regarding Olympic sports in the future.

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Panayotov, V., and N. Yankova. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF ACHIEVEMENTS OF WOMEN WEIGHTLIFTERS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.151.

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PURPOSE: Women’s Olympic weightlifting became a part of the program of the Olympic Games at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia. The Bulgarian weightlifting school has been very successful in preparing elite female weightlifters since its very introduction. This review aimed to assess and rank the results of the Bulgarian female weightlifters at the Olympic Games held between 2000 and 2016. METHODS: Rankings of the Bulgarian female weightlifters at the Olympic Games were analyzed and compared by both absolute weight and values corrected by the Sinclair coefficient. RESULTS: A positive trend in results for both competitive movements was found. Results in the clean and jerk were better on average than those in the snatch. We consider the higher performances of female weightlifters measured in the weight class of 69 kg as an indicator of evolution in their results during recent years. CONCLUSIONS: The Bulgarian school in women’s Olympic weightlifting established a tradition in preparing elite weightlifters during the last 18 years. To preserve this positive trend, coaches should base the sports selection process for young female weightlifters on scientific grounds.

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17

Magdalinski, Tara. "Chapter 9 - The performance of nature at the Sydney 2000 Olympics." Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1, no. 37 (January 2012): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203099384_chapter_9.

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18

Bauman, Adrian, Bill Bellew, and Cora L. Craig. "Did the 2000 Sydney Olympics increase physical activity among adult Australians?" British Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 4 (May 15, 2014): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093149.

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19

Churilov, L., and A. Flitman. "Towards fair ranking of Olympics achievements: the case of Sydney 2000." Computers & Operations Research 33, no. 7 (July 2006): 2057–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2004.09.027.

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20

Owen, K. A. "The Sydney 2000 Olympics and Urban Entrepreneurialism: Local Variations in Urban Governance." Australian Geographical Studies 40, no. 3 (November 2002): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8470.00183.

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21

Ratnatunga, Janek, and Siva K. Muthaly. "Lessons from the Atlanta Olympics: Marketing and Organisational Considerations for Sydney 2000." International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-02-03-2000-b006.

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22

Louw, P. E., N. K. Rivenburgh, E. Loo, and G. Mersham. "It's the Bush: Foreign Perceptions of Australia — A Comparative Study." Media International Australia 99, no. 1 (May 2001): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109900115.

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Cities compete to host the Olympics because it is a unique global public relations opportunity to attract tourism, foreign investment, and international respect. However, hosting an Olympics also entails risks because host cities and countries must survive intensive international media scrutiny. Whether the Sydney Olympics will redefine overseas perceptions of Australia either positively or negatively is still to be established. Our study will address this question through an empirical, cross-cultural profiling of foreign perceptions of Australia from 1999 to 2001 in various countries to see whether responses differ, and/or whether similar patterns of change are observable across cultures at different points in time (pre- and post-Olympics). In parallel, media coverage of the 2000 Olympics (and Australia) is being monitored in the countries being studied. If any attitude shift is detected from 1999 to 2001, explanations can be sought from the recorded media coverage. This article represents the results of the first stage of the study — an examination of overseas attitudes towards Australia and stereotypes of Australians in 1999.

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23

Corrigan, Brian, and Rymantas Kazlauskas. "Medication Use in Athletes Selected for Doping Control at the Sydney Olympics (2000)." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 13, no. 1 (January 2003): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200301000-00007.

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24

Pavlovic, Dragana. "In the perspective of the Sydney 2000 Olympics : Olympic triathlon strategy of Yugoslavia , eastern and south-eastern Europe." Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 24, no. 1 (1999): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.1999.2097.

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25

Villamón, Miguel, David Brown, Julián Espartero, and Carlos Gutiérrez. "Reflexive Modernization and the Disembedding of Jūdō from 1946 to the 2000 Sydney Olympics." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 39, no. 2 (June 2004): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690204043458.

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26

Keys, Barbara. "Harnessing Human Rights to the Olympic Games: Human Rights Watch and the 1993 ‘Stop Beijing’ Campaign." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416667791.

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In 1993 Human Rights Watch, one of the two most influential human rights organizations in the world, launched a major campaign to derail Beijing's bid to host the 2000 Olympic Games. This article situates this highly publicized campaign in the context of Sino–US relations, the end of the Cold War, and the ‘victory’ of human rights as a global moral lingua franca. It argues that Human Rights Watch's decision to oppose Beijing's bid stemmed from its new post-Cold War focus on China combined with the organization's search for new ways to secure media attention and the funding that flowed from publicity. The campaign most likely swayed the International Olympic Committee's close vote in favor of Sydney. It also brought Human Rights Watch a windfall of favorable publicity among new audiences. The article argues that the campaign irrevocably inserted broad-based human rights considerations into the Olympic Games, decisively moving moral claims-making around the Olympics beyond the playing field. It also linked Human Rights Watch's moral legitimacy to US power in problematic ways and triggered a powerful anti-US backlash in China.

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27

Lu, Qiang (Steven), and Yupin Yang. "A longitudinal study of the impact of the Sydney Olympics on real estate markets." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-02-2014-0007.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games on the residential real estate markets of the host city during the bidding, pre-Olympic and post-Olympic periods. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a difference-in-differences model to analyze the transaction prices for all properties in New South Wales, Australia for the period from 1980 to 2007. Findings – The paper finds that the impact on real estate markets varies across different suburbs in the host city and over time. The real estate markets of host suburbs experience substantially higher growth during the bidding and pre-Olympic periods but not during the post-Olympic period. However, the property prices in non-host suburbs in the host city increase at a higher rate during the pre- and post-Olympic periods but not during the bidding period. Originality/value – This study offers insights into the long-term impact of the Olympic Games on host suburbs and non-host suburbs in the host city during different periods by analyzing a large longitudinal data set over a period of 27 years.

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Heinz Housel, Teresa. "Australian Nationalism and Globalization: Narratives of the Nation in the 2000 Sydney Olympics’ Opening Ceremony." Critical Studies in Media Communication 24, no. 5 (December 2007): 446–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07393180701695348.

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Burchett, M. D., C. Allen, A. Pulkownik, and G. Macfarlane. "Rehabilitation of Saline Wetland, Olympics 2000 Site, Sydney (Australia)—II: Saltmarsh Transplantation Trials and Application." Marine Pollution Bulletin 37, no. 8-12 (December 1999): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00137-4.

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30

Horne, Michael. "Chapter 15 - The Sydney Olympics 2000: Combining Technology and Design in the Planning of the "Green Games"." Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1, no. 6 (January 2012): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/978-0-415-24365-0.ch015.

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Burchett, M. D., A. Pulkownik, C. Grant, and G. Macfarlane. "Rehabilitation of Saline Wetlands, Olympics 2000 Site, Sydney (Australia)—I: Management Strategies Based on Ecological Needs Assessment." Marine Pollution Bulletin 37, no. 8-12 (December 1999): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00136-2.

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32

Wu, Jie, N. A. Liang, Dexiang Wu, and Feng Yang. "Olympics ranking and benchmarking based on cross efficiency evaluation method and cluster analysis: the case of Sydney 2000." International Journal of Enterprise Network Management 2, no. 4 (2008): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenm.2008.020640.

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33

Chen, Ilene, Hiroto Homma, Craig Jin, and Hong Yan. "Identification of Elite Swimmers' Race Patterns Using Cluster Analysis." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 2, no. 3 (September 2007): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795407782233083.

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The identification of elite swimmers' race patterns at the same time is an important unresolved problem. This problem appears to be of fundamental importance for coaches in training promising elite swimmers. To address this problem, a system of cluster analysis for studying group structures on the basis of elite swimmers' race results and various available race components, such as lengths, speeds and times, is described that uses standard statistical algorithms to arrange elite swimmers according to similarity in their race patterns. The outputs are displayed graphically using tree-like dendrograms, conveying elite swimmers' race patterns in a form intuitive for coaches. As an illustration of this, we have used this method to uncover a number of key race components in connection with Ian Thorpe's race results in the men's 400m freestyle final at the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics

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34

Wilks, Jeffrey. "International Tourists, Motor Vehicles and Road Safety: A Review of the Literature Leading Up to the Sydney 2000 Olympics." Journal of Travel Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 1999): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8305.1999.tb00842.x.

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35

Sofo, Francesco. "Improving tourism and leisure: towards the Australian Olympics in the year 2000 - a focus on people development and the learning organisation." Tourism and hospitality management 4, no. 2 (December 1998): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.4.2.14.

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There have been significant economic, political and technological changes in terms of globalisation, new policies, practices and laws that have impacted on the way organisations operate and offer their services and products. One major impact of globalisation has been the new focus by organisations on their people as the most valuable resource. All businesses are people businesses. People development is at the heart of business success. A company’s HR policy needs to cover every aspect of its operation from what it sells and to whom through to how it organises itself, its capital, equipment, its people, who it employs and where it operates. Over the past ten years managers have acknowledged their role for developing people by taking increased responsibility for improving the skills, knowledge and attitudes (training, education, development) of their people. Managers and employees are changing their relationship to achieve competitive advantage through increased commitment and focus on customers and managing value. This is a description of how one key provider of services to the Olympic Games to be held in Sydney, Australia in the year 2000, has been preparing its staff to optimise this opportunity. The description refers to a three phase change strategy that the organisation is currently implementing over a three year period so that it can maximise its contribution and competitiveness towards the year 2000. I have called the organisation, The Retail Company.

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Drew, Christopher. "The Spirit of Australia: Learning about Australian Childhoods in Qantas Commercials." Global Studies of Childhood 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2011.1.4.321.

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For over a decade the Qantas Spirit of Australia advertising campaign has worked to incite pride and nostalgia in Australian consumers. Its widespread success has led to four renewed television commercials, strategically released to coincide with key (inter)national sporting events, including the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Rugby World Cup. All four Spirit commercials feature children singing Peter Allen's I Still Call Australia Home in picturesque global and national landscapes. As a result of the Spirit campaign's widespread success, Peter Allen's song has become almost synonymous with the Qantas brand. The iconic Spirit commercials are exemplary in (re)affirming the public consciousness towards Australian childhood identity. Exploring national issues of freedom, race, youth and adventure, the commercials are situated among diverse social signs that attempt to typify Australian children. Influenced by post-structural theoretical frames, the author analyses the ‘social’ semiotic dimensions of these advertisements. His intention is to contribute to understandings of the discursive constitution of Australian childhoods in advertising. The unique iconic status of the Spirit campaign, he argues, lies in its capacity to be commensurate with, and (re)affirm, Australia's public perceptions of self and community.

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37

Hall, C. Michael, and Julie Hodges. "The Party's Great, but What About the Hangover?: The Housing and Social Impacts of Mega-Events with Special Reference to the 2000 Sydney Olympics." Festival Management and Event Tourism 4, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/106527096792232414.

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38

Vilyansky, Volodymyr, and Kateryna Kravchenko. "BENEFITS "SPORTS REGIONS" IN SEARCH AND EDUCATION YOUNG TALENTS." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-216.

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Introduction. Gymnasts Yu. Yermakov, I. Korobchynsky, G. Milutin, L. Podkopaeva, O. Svitlychnyi returned from the 1996 Atlanta Olympics with awards of various kinds, and O. Beresh, R. Mezentsev and O. Svitlychnyi returned from Sydney-2000. Represented Donetsk and Luhansk regions. In general, gymnasts won 2 gold medals, and a total of 4 gold (i.e., 50,0%), 5 silver, 5 silver (100,0%), 5 bronze, 8 bronze total (62,5%). However, at the next Games, this trend is interrupted, which can be attributed to the disappearance of the former, regional gymnastics «coaching school». Although researchers consider the role of the state and federations, but the authors pay little attention to the place of the regional aspect in the development of the sport. Research purpose - scientifically substantiate ways to solve the problem of improving the efficiency of the use of «sports regions» for the development of a particular Olympic sport. Research methods and materials. Methods of theoretical research are used (generalization of literature, materials from the Internet, abstraction, idealization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction). Results. The National Olympic Training System (NOTS) is a structural entity integrated into the practice of longterm training of highly qualified athletes, which is a set of the most important interrelated elements of organizational and methodological nature, arranged in such a way as to ensure the most talented athletes in the Olympics. The emergence of the national team, the honor of which they defend, to the leading positions. When analyzing the functioning and development of NOTS, it is necessary to identify regional units that have the priority of independence in choosing management decisions for the development of their territorial entities, which in addition to the selected national Olympic strategy implement this Olympic strategy taking into account the conditions of the region. Objective influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on the success of the Olympic training systems allows approaching the understanding of the limits of subjective (organizational and methodological) impact on improving its quality. Therefore, to plan measures to modernize the systems of long-term Olympic training without a reliable forecast of the return on significant targeted financial investments and time-consuming organizational and methodological changes is irrational. Conclusions. 1. Research has shown that quality training of the Olympic reserve in any country at different stages of long-term sports development should be a full part of the national system of Olympic training (NOTS) and Ukraine is no exception to this recognized approach. 2. It is established that the assessment and use of objectively existing influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on the success of the Olympic training systems allows to approach the understanding of the limits of subjective (organizational and methodological) impact on improving its quality. It is irrational to plan measures to modernize the systems of long-term Olympic training without a reliable justification for the return on additional financial investments and time-consuming organizational and methodological transformations.3. A number of researchers representing the countries formed in the former Soviet Union, mainly from the Russian Federation, have deeply studied the peculiarities of the development of a particular sport in the regions as part of the NOTS. Some approaches and directions to improve the development of sports on the example of athletics were substantiated. The authors include the Republic of Mordovia in the regions of Russia that are advanced in terms of organizational and methodological support for training Olympians in summer sports: it is a clear leader that far surpasses other regions and competitors in terms of Moscow, Tomsk, Volgograd and Rostov regions. Meanwhile, despite the recognition of the important role of martial arts in winning awards at major international competitions, the topic of their modern development in the regions has remained unnoticed by scientists. 4. On the example of athletics it is proved that two main Olympic strategies are currently in conflict. One of them is typical for countries with long traditions in it, which use their competitive advantage in a developed material and technical base, a significant number of people involved in athletics, as well as a well-established system of longterm Olympic reserve training (European and North American countries). Another strategy is in developing countries, which rely on the high sports and genetic potential of their athletes and actively use in their training the organizational and methodological capabilities of traditional athletics centers, which is promising for the development of sports in Ukraine. 5. Submitted with a sufficient degree of evidence indicates the objective need for research to justify the development of martial arts in Ukraine, using the significant sports and genetic potential of our athletes, as well as strengthening the capabilities of ever-growing regions. Keywords: sports region, national system of Olympic training, sports reserve, Olympic reserve, sports and genetic potential of the region.

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Hiley, Michael J., and Maurice R. Yeadon. "The Margin for Error When Releasing the Asymmetric Bars for Dismounts." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 21, no. 3 (August 2005): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.3.223.

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It has previously been shown that male gymnasts using the “scooped” giant circling technique were able to flatten the path followed by their mass center, resulting in a larger margin for error when releasing the high bar (Hiley & Yeadon, 2003a). The circling technique prior to performing double layout somersault dismounts from the asymmetric bars in women's artistic gymnastics appears to be similar to the “traditional” technique used by some male gymnasts on the high bar. It was speculated that as a result the female gymnasts would have margins for error similar to those of male gymnasts who use the traditional technique. However, it is unclear how the technique of the female gymnasts is affected by the need to avoid the lower bar. A 4-segment planar simulation model of the gymnast and upper bar was used to determine the margins for error when releasing the bar for 9 double layout somersault dismounts at the Sydney 2000 Olympics. The elastic properties of the gymnast and bar were modeled using damped linear springs. Model parameters, primarily the inertia and spring parameters, were optimized to obtain a close match between simulated and actual performances in terms of rotation angle (1.2°), bar displacement (0.011 m), and release velocities (<1%). Each matching simulation was used to determine the time window around the actual point of release for which the model had appropriate release parameters to complete the dismount successfully. The margins for error of the 9 female gymnasts (release window 43–102 ms) were comparable to those of the 3 male gymnasts using the traditional technique (release window 79–84 ms).

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40

Milne, C. "New Zealand Olympic experience--Sydney 2000." British Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 281—b—281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.4.281-b.

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41

Sammut, John. "Sydney 2000: Olympic Stadium Medical Programme." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 16, S1 (June 2001): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00036359.

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42

James, Greg. "PC4 laboratory construction: a users’ point of view." Microbiology Australia 29, no. 2 (2008): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma08086.

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The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games was a tremendous event for Australia, bringing the world?s best athletes and thousands of visitors to Sydney. As it was a global event with comprehensive media coverage, it also bought to our shores the possibility of terrorist activity. During the period the games were held, the Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (CIDM) performed laboratory investigations of suspicious substances found at Olympic Games venues and Sydney airport and worked with the Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) testing air samples, taken at venues, for the presence of bioterrorism agents.

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43

Tripodi, John A., and Martin Hirons. "Sponsorship Leveraging Case Studies–Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." Journal of Promotion Management 15, no. 1-2 (June 16, 2009): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496490902907966.

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Hills, Michael. "Bioterrorism surveillance during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." Microbiology Australia 24, no. 2 (2003): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma03234.

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Surveillance will not discover a bioterrorist attack and, on its own, would be futile in attempting to manage a suspected attack. Lessons from the West Nile Virus encephalitis outbreak in New York in 1999 and the release of Bacillus anthracis through the US postal system in 2001 demonstrate the primacy of clinical diagnosis in recognition.

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Hunter, J. "Telecommunications delivery in the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." IEEE Communications Magazine 39, no. 7 (July 2001): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/35.933440.

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46

Lenskyj, Helen Jefferson. "Sydney 2000, Olympic sport and the Australian media." Journal of Australian Studies 23, no. 62 (January 1999): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059909387502.

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Hills, Michael, and Gary Tall. "Health preparedness for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." Emergency Medicine 15, no. 1 (February 2003): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2026.2003.00424_2.x.

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48

O’Brien, Danny. "Event business leveraging The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games." Annals of Tourism Research 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 240–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.10.011.

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49

Toohey, Kristine, and Tracy Taylor. "Surveillance and securitization: A forgotten Sydney Olympic legacy." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 47, no. 3 (January 17, 2012): 324–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690211433456.

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The Sydney 2000 Olympic Games were the last Olympic Games held before 9/11. Even though the 2000 Games were held prior to this landmark terrorist incident, Australia implemented a range of increased security processes to safeguard the Games. As such, the Sydney Games provide a compelling case study to examine how Olympic security measures were implemented before and during the Games and how some of these have remained as an Olympic legacy in the post-9/11 era. At the time, the arguments for stringent protection ranged from the need for safety of persons to safeguarding the Australian image or ‘brand’. Many of the measures introduced were low key, for example the introduction of specifically formulated legislation which significantly broadened police powers, and these have remained as a tangible Games legacy. The escalation of concerns for safety beyond the Australian context and the extrapolation of these onto the global stage are an intangible legacy.

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Hartmann-Tews, Ilse, Diana Emberger, and Birgit Braumüller. "Visuelle Präsentation von Sportlern und Sportlerinnen bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2000-2016." Freiburger Zeitschrift für GeschlechterStudien 25, no. 1-2019 (September 8, 2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/fzg.v25i1.02.

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Die besondere Bedeutung Olympischer Sommerspiele liegt in ihrer Größe und medialen Omnipräsenz. Alle vier Jahre treten seit den Spielen in Sydney 2000 über 10.500 Sportler und Sportlerinnen aus mehr als 200 Ländern in mehr als 30 Sportarten und 300 Wettbewerben gegeneinander an (Sports Reference 2016). Welche Formen und Modi die visuelle Kommunikation prägen, steht im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden inhaltsanalytischen Forschung über die Sommerspiele 2000 bis 2016. Um das Spektrum der Printmedien in Deutschland abzubilden, wurden mit der Bild-Zeitung (BILD) ein Boulevardmedium und mit der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung (FAZ) ein Qualitätsmedium ausgewählt und insgesamt 3.394 Fotos analysiert. Zentrale Fragestellung ist hierbei, ob Sportlerinnen – wie in der Tagespresse – unterrepräsentiert sind, inwieweit in die Fotografien von Sportlern und Sportlerinnen eine mediale Konstruktion von Geschlecht eingelagert ist, sich hier stabile Muster zeigen oder sich im 21. Jahrhundert ein Wandel abzeichnet.

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