Academic literature on the topic '2013-2015'

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social, Florianópolis, 2017.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T04:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 346481.pdf: 2600062 bytes, checksum: 1ee906fd8af9029538bd80c241418406 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017<br>Analisa-se o processo político aberto pelos protestos brasileiros no ciclo 2013-2015, identificando a presença de esforços organizativos nas massas populares comprometidos com a construção de uma nova vontade coletiva hegemônica, observando a dialética indivíduo-coletivo. Através da pesquisa bibliográfico-documental em fontes multimídias com abrangência temática e temporal e que o acesso às fontes permitissem o mapeamento dos significados da massificação dos protestos e da guinada conjuntural ocorrida na política brasileira pós-junho/13. A partir das ações reveladas nas ruas, problematizamos as iniciativas, aparentemente individuais, em suas experiências, frustrações e dificuldades concretas imersas na atual crise de legitimidade político-institucional. A obra de Gramsci embasou a análise deste momento de intensas relações políticas na sociedade civil - compreendida como espaço de disputas e antagonismos. O mapeamento abarcou experiências de ocupação nos espaços públicos e o debate interativo na internet. A ação coletiva ajudou-nos a compreender os sujeitos em confronto num processo amplo e demorado de disputas por hegemonia, sempre clivado pelas motivações individuais que, geralmente, são coletivizadas de maneira intensa e desordenada. A partir da capacidade das classes subalternas em resistir ao status quo, persiste a necessidade de uma ?direção consciente? capaz de enfrentar criticamente o ?senso comum?, a ?espontaneidade? e os seus ?movimentos?. Obteve-se o retrato das atuais formas político-reivindicativas e de ativação de repertórios organizativos da ação coletiva popular pelas experiências do MPL e do MTST em seus esforços para (re)constituir a autonomia participativa dos sujeitos políticos na sociedade civil sob outros pilares de afirmação - a partir de lutas concretas pelo ?Direito à Cidade?. Obteve-se como resultados: i. a ação coletiva popular articulou velhos e novos repertórios de organização, mobilização e ações; ii. o uso de vasto espectro de recursos metodológicos (digitais ou não) garantiram registro e fluxo às informações, alinhavando temporariamente os interesses individuais-corporativos; iii. a tendência autonomista remonta as greves trabalhistas desde 2012 pela insatisfação dos trabalhadores com os canais de participação e de representação instituídos e suas práticas burocráticas de contenção/controle dos conflitos; iv. a intervenção política dos manifestantes nas ruas ultrapassa o momento episódico do protesto, resulta de mobilizações e ações pregressas, incluindo no repertório a ação direta de confronto; v. ?movimento espontâneo? refere-se à capacidade dos coletivos em despertar nos sujeitos a vontade de livre adesão cotidiana às atividades reivindicativas formadoras dos protestos; vi. o potencial da mobilização popular para incidir no Estado/governos oscilou entre reivindicações de núcleos voltados para si mesmo e lutas coletivas desejosas de um projeto nacional consistente e duradouro; vii. existem expectativas sociais ainda não observadas pelo poder público, como também disposição da população em reivindicá-las e defendê-las, mas, através de dinâmicas participativas e de formação política fora da institucionalidade representativa tradicional e, até mesmo, pela abstenção; viii. a polarização político-ideológica estimulada pelas elites e pela mídia tradicional contribuiu para que as narrativas e os repertórios populares fossem apropriados por grupos neoconservadores, gerando descontinuidade nas experiências acumuladas; ix. a educação popular é retomada na tentativa de (re)politização dos tensionamentos na sociedade civil em relação a sociedade política.<br><br>Abstract : The political process opened by the Brazilian protests in the cycle 2013-2015 was analyzed, identifying the presence of organizational efforts in the popular masses committed to the construction of a new hegemonic collective will, observing the individual-collective dialectic. Through bibliographic-documentary research, we went into multimedia sources whose thematic and temporal coverage and the access to the sources that allowed figure out the meanings of the massification of the protests and the conjunctural yaw that occurred in Brazilian politics after June 2013. From the actions that took place in the streets, we look into apparently individual initiatives in their experiences, frustrations and concrete difficulties immersed in the current crisis of political and institutional legitimacy. This research was based on Gramsci's work, because his analytical approach is strategic to analyze this moment of intense political relations in civil society - understood as a space of disputes and antagonisms. The data collection covered experiences of occupation in public spaces and the interactive debate on the internet. Collective action has helped us to understand confrontational individuals in a broad and time-consuming process of hegemony disputes, always marked by individual motivations that are generally collectively intense and disorderly. From the subaltern classes' ability to resist the status quo, there remains a need for a "conscious direction" capable of critically facing "common sense," "spontaneity," and their "movements." A picture was obtained of the current political-vindictive forms and the activation of organizational repertoires of popular collective action by the experiences of movements like MPL and MTST in their efforts to (re) constitute the participatory autonomy of individuals in civil society under other pillars of affirmation - From concrete struggles for the "Right to the City". The results were obtained as follows: i. The popular collective action has articulated old and new repertoires of organization, mobilization, and actions; ii. The use of a wide spectrum of methodological resources (digital or non-digital) ensured registration and flow of information, temporarily aligning the interests of individuals; iii. The autonomist tendency dates back to labor strikes since 2012 due to the workers' dissatisfaction with the established channels of participation and representation and their bureaucratic practices of containment / control of conflicts; iv. The political intervention of the protesters in the streets goes beyond the episodic moment of protest, resulting from previous mobilizations and actions, including in the repertoire direct action of confrontation; v. "Spontaneous movement" refers to the capacity of collectives to awaken in individuals the desire for free daily adherence to the protest activities that form the protests; vi. The potential of popular mobilization to focus on the state / governments has swung between demands of self-centered nuclei and collective struggles desirous of a consistent and enduring national project; vii. There are social expectations not yet observed by the public power, as well as the willingness of the population to claim and defend them, but through participatory dynamics and political formation outside traditional representative institutions and even by abstention; viii. The political-ideological polarization stimulated by the elites and the traditional media contributed to the popular narratives and repertoires being appropriated by neoconservative groups, generating discontinuity in accumulated experiences; ix. Popular education reappears in an attempt to (re) politicize tensions in civil society in relation to political society.

Zur Umsetzung der EU-WRRL in der Landwirtschaft wurden in Sachsen seit 2009 in Gebieten mit erhöhtem Handlungsbedarf Arbeitskreise mit landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen eingerichtet. Ziel ist es, den guten ökologischen und chemischen Zustand der Gewässer und des Grundwassers zu erreichen. In den sogenannten prioritären Gebieten wurden Praxisdemonstrationen zu Verfahren zur Reduzierung diffuser Stoffeinträge angelegt, untersucht und ausgewertet. Der Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse zusammen und enthält Handlungsanleitungen für Landwirte z. B. zum Einsatz von organischen Düngern mit und ohne Nitrifikationshemmstoffen, zur Streifenbearbeitung sowie zum Anbau von Zwischenfrüchten und Untersaaten.

This master thesis’s in Library and Information Science examines texts from “Barnbokskatalogen”, a catalogue that primely presents children's books but also contains texts promoting reading. The aim is to critically examine reading as a social practice in these texts, where the aspect of power is the foundation of the analysis. This master’s thesis draws upon the theories of Norman Fairclough and uses Fairclough’s methods of critical discourse analysis. The reading practices constructed in the analyzed texts are mostly associated with idealistic values, expressed with an authoritarian voice where the author of the text is positioned as an initiator of the reading practice. This makes a closed and excluding reading practice in the texts. This is unfortunate when the library should undermine its power in the cultural field to include as many groups as possible in its practices, and not only those social groups where a cultural capital is an important part of the group’s identity. The most open practice, which is found in the texts, is reading as a personal experience.

The work analyzes market of public relations in the Czech Republic in the period from 2013 to 2015 based on the available data. Data come from research for The Association of PR Agencies (APRA) and from the balance sheets of selected agencies. The main hypothesis says, there is a monopolistic competition on the Czech market of PR agencies, because there is homogenous product, a large number of agencies, no entry barriers and agencies don´t have market power. I tested the hypothesis by calculating the Concentration coefficient and the Herfindahl Hirschman Index. Both methods confirmed the main hypothesis of monopolistic competition in this market. Work also includes the TOP 10 of PR agencies in the Czech market according to turnovers. It shows that the largest agency in the 2013 was Bison & Rose and in 2014 and 2015 it was AMI Communications. I also compared the changes in income and in prices of services by agencies that are members of APRA. So I can say that between the period from 2013 to 2015 there was a 18% growth in income of agencies, which was caused by higher quality of orders and not by raising prices.

Las armas de fuego son el principal medio de comisión de homicidios a nivel mundial, y la situación en la región es particularmente preocupante; en América del Sur, el 83% de los homicidios se realiza con arma de fuego1. En el Perú esta cifra llega al 62.9% a nivel nacional2, siendo mayor en algunas regiones como La Libertad, donde ha superado el 90%3. Los homicidios cometidos con arma de fuego, además de representar un alto porcentaje del total, vienen aumentando en valores absolutos, siendo que el crecimiento del número de muertes violentas asociadas a hechos delictivos con arma de fuego es de 18,4% promedio anual4; por ello, a pesar de que la tasa de homicidios por cada 100 000 habitantes en el Perú es 6.615, cifra relativamente baja en comparación a otros países de la región, tiene una tendencia de crecimiento muy preocupante.<br>Tesis

For the last two decades Sweden has been one of the most important receiving countries for asylum seekers, hence regarding itself as a “humanitarian superpower”. Historically Sweden has had one of Europe’s most extensive migration policies and made its latest mark by 2015 by allowing the highest number of asylum seekers ever to the country. The media coverage and the public debate on the war refugee migration to Sweden has been comprehensive and thereby put the topic of migration in the centre of parliamentary discussions. The aim of this study was to examine if and how migration has been a subject of securitization in the parliamentary debates. The study was conducted by using a qualitative text analysis of parliament protocols from 2013–2015. The results show that during the period of study a number of parties have made securitising statements regarding migration, but that the subject of migration was securitized first in 2015 when the securitising problem formulation was adopted by a majority in the parliament. I have also concluded that there has been a slight change in the way in which migration is securitized. In 2013–2014 the majority of the parliament parties used the diffuse securitising technique when debating migration, while in 2015 there was a shift towards the exceptionalist securitising technique.

Bakgrund: Ebola upptäcktes för första gången 1976 i ett dubbelt utbrott i Sudan och Zaire i Afrika. Det pågående utbrottet av ebola virus sjukdom (EVD) startade i Guinea 2013 och har sedan dess spridits vidare till Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Mali och Senegal. T.o.m. 4 mars 2015 har nästan 24 000 smittats och 10 000 avlidit vilket är mer än 50 gånger fler än i det tidigare största utbrottet i Uganda 2000. Viruset består av fem arter: Bundibugyo, Reston, Sudan, Tai Forest och Zaire. Vektorn för viruset är fortfarande okänd men förmodas vara flygande hundar (fruit bats) som själva är resistenta. Symtomen innefattar bl.a. feber, trötthet, kräkning, diarré, ledsmärtor och mukosala blödningar. Behandlingen består vanligen av vätskeersättning. Det finns varken godkänt vaccin eller läkemedel i dagsläget men flertalet studier pågår för att utveckla bl.a. antikropparna ZMapp och antiviral behandling med Brincidofovir. Syfte: Redogöra för tidigare och pågående utbrott av ebola och undersöka vilka faktorer som bidragit till att epidemin 2013-2015 inträffat och fått stora proportioner i Västafrika. Metod: Till det aktuella ämnet har den senaste informationen inhämtats via WHO och CDCs respektive hemsidor mellan 23/2-9/3 2015. Resultat: En kombination av faktorer har bidragit till att det pågående utbrottet blivit större än tidigare. Länderna som drabbats har inte varit förberedda, virusarten ebola Zaire har hög dödlighet, sjukvård och infrastruktur är svag och kulturen är djupt grundad i ett samhälle där utbildningen är låg. Befolkningen behöver respekteras och utbildas för att de aktivt ska kunna vara delaktiga i att stoppa smittspridningen av viruset. Ju mindre geografisk yta viruset är fördelat på desto lättare blir det att kontrollera och bekämpa det. Diskussion: Guinea, Liberia och Sierra Leone har alla drabbats extra hårt av pågående EVD utbrott och behöver nu få hjälp med återuppbyggnad av ett fungerande sjukvårdssystem som befolkningen kan lita på och med personal som kan arbeta under säkra förhållanden. Stort fokus bör också läggas på att implementera kulturen i de skyddsåtgärder som behövs för att förhindra ytterligare spridning och framtida utbrott. Ytterligare forskning krävs för att kunna erbjuda bättre behandling och profylax.

Los principales objetivos de la acción del Estado son erradicar el hambre, el combate a la pobreza, garantizar los derechos sociales y universales así como democratizar la productividad (Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, 2016). En otras palabras el Estado tiene como objetivo principal lograr un desarrollo integral. Este trabajo de investigación gira en torno a conocer el proceso de planeación como herramienta del gobierno para plantear trabajos en sinergia y lograr tal desarrollo. Las condiciones de desarrollo actuales demandan planes, programas y proyectos con un enfoque participativo, puesto que mediante la aplicación de esta metodología se identifican prioridades comunitarias y se diseñan las estrategias y acciones adecuadas para impulsar el desarrollo integral. Para obtener resultados favorables, la planeación debe partir del conocimiento pleno de la realidad y del contacto permanente con la población (Osterhaus, 1995). Lo que se traduce al decir que es labor de la administración

A partir de las reformas estructurales implementadas en el contexto latinoamericano en los ochentas y noventas se han producido transformaciones significativas en el modo de diseño, gestión, implementación y financiamiento de las políticas públicas. Por consiguiente, la descentralización y transferencias de funciones de los niveles de gobierno central a los niveles locales, como son las funciones de implementación y gestión de programas y planes sociales diseñados en la escala central nacional, son determinantes claves del desempeño y funcionamiento de las políticas sociales. Este trabajo cuenta de los problemas que se producen cuando las políticas públicas diseñadas en los niveles nacionales son gestionadas e implementadas en los niveles locales. De esta forma, como caso particular a investigar se ha elegido durante los años 2013-2015 la política social municipal; Instituto Municipal de la Juventud de Teotihuacán IMJUTE, dicha institución surge en el año 2013 a partir de las necesidades sociales juveniles desembocando en dicho municipio una mutua colaboración entre el Estado y la comunidad joven.

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of Dementia and a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the gradual degrading of both memory and cognitive functions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of AD is increasing globally. Currently, AD is the sixth leading cause of mortality in the United States. As the ageing population increases in the United States, it is possible that AD will move up the ladder in the top cause of mortality. Although the prevalence of AD in most urban parts of developed nations such as the United States is widely known, little is known about the prevalence and early diagnosis of the disease among the rural populations. According to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), on deaths from AD between 1999 and 2014, most mortality are concentrated in the rural counties of the Appalachian region of the United States, where the mortality rate has increased by an alarming 75%. Our study focuses on the Northeast Tennessee region, which is a prominent part of the Appalachian region. We examine the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in the Northeast Tennessee region compared to other parts of the state of Tennessee. We sought to understand whether there is a likely association between the disease and the rural counties in the Northeast Tennessee region. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that computes and compares between the Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) of the 2013 to 2015 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Public Use Files data on rural versus urban counties in the Northeast Tennessee region followed by the Northeast Tennessee counties versus other counties in Tennessee. In addition, we collected primary data from 44 experts and professionals working in AD-related fields within the Northeast Tennessee region using an online survey that captures the perceived observation of the experts and professionals about the increasing prevalence of AD over the last five years. Results: Findings show that the rural counties within the Northeast Tennessee region had 18.3% (POR: 1.183, C.I: 1.113-1.258), 4.7% (POR: 1.047, C.I: 0.982-1.117), and 19% (POR: 1.190, C.I: 1.121-1.264) increased odds of prevalence of AD compared to the urban counties within the region in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. Similarly, the Northeast Tennessee region as a whole, had increased odds of 22.7% (POR: 1.227, C.I: 1.203-1.250), 22.5% (POR: 1.225, C.I: 1.202-1.249), and 21.2% (POR: 1.212, C.I: 1.189-1.235) of AD compared to all other counties in Tennessee during the same periods. Conclusions: Statistical analysis and findings from experts and professionals working with patients with AD in the Northeast Tennessee region show that there are more cases of AD in the Northeast Tennessee region compared to the last five years. We suggest early screening strategies for possible decrease in the morbidity and mortality rates in Northeast Tennessee region.