Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2013/34

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '2013/34'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2013/34"

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Ning, MingMing, and R. Gilberto Gonzalez. "Case 34-2013." New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 18 (2013): 1736–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcpc1302431.

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Helms, Anne-Katrin. "Invokavit - 17. 2. 2013 Lukas 22,31-34." Homiletische Monatshefte 88, no. 4 (2012): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/homh.2012.88.4.165.

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Helms, Anne-Katrin. "Predigtreihe. Invokavit – 17. 2. 2013 Lukas 22,31–34." Homiletische Monatshefte 88, no. 4 (2013): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/homh.2013.88.4.165.

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Svitlana, KOROL. "DIRECTIVE 2013/34/EU: EXPERIENCE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN NATIONALLEGISLATION." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 109, no. 2 (2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2020(109)08.

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Eller, Christiane. "1. Sonntag nach Epiphanias - 13. 1. 2013 Johannes 1,29-34." Homiletische Monatshefte 88, no. 3 (2012): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/homh.2012.88.3.108.

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Cohn, Compiled by Helen M. "Bibliography of the History of Australian Science, No. 34, 2013." Historical Records of Australian Science 25, no. 1 (2014): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr14010.

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Gura, N. "IMPLEMENTATION OF DIRECTIVE 2013/34/EU IN UKRAINE WITH INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Economics, no. 175 (2015): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2667.2015/175-10/1.

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N/A, N/A. "发光学报2013年第34卷 总目录". Chinese Journal of Luminescence 34, № 12 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20133412.0001b.

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Гура, Н. "Імплементація Директиви 2013/34/ЄС в Україні з урахуванням міжнародного досвіду". Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Економіка, вип. 10 (175) (2015): 6–10.

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Durth, K. Rüdiger. "»Soviel du brauchst« - der 34. Deutsche Evangelische Kirchentag 2013 in Hamburg." Homiletische Monatshefte 89, no. 2 (2013): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/homh.2013.89.2.90.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2013/34"

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Cóndor, Quincho Miriam Maritza, and López Danitza Domínguez. "Asociación entre el estrés crónico y la preeclampsia en mujeres de 20 a 34 años atendidas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3072.

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Introducción: La preeclampsia es un problema de salud pública en nuestro país por ser la segunda causa de muerte materna. Según algunas investigaciones, el estrés crónico podría comportarse como un factor de riesgo para la preeclampsia; sin embargo, estas investigaciones son de origen extranjero y aplicado en poblaciones adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el estrés crónico y la preeclampsia en mujeres de 20 a 34 años. Diseño: Estudio observacional, analítico de tipo caso-control. Lugar: Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima – Perú, en los servicios “C” y “E”. Participantes: Mujeres con y sin diagnóstico de preeclampsia. Intervenciones: Se recolectó información de forma retrospectiva, desde Enero del 2013 hasta Marzo del mismo año. Se aplicó el instrumento a 290 pacientes hospitalizadas en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, de las cuales 145 tenían diagnóstico de preeclampsia (casos) y 145 no lo tenían (controles). Se consignó datos relevantes a partir de las historias clínicas. Principales medidas de resultados: Asociación entre la presencia del estrés crónico según el Prenatal Psychosocial Profile: Stress Scale con un puntaje mayor o igual a 23 y la preeclampsia. Resultados: La presencia de estrés crónico se asoció significativamente a la preeclampsia con un X2 = 17,3, p < 0,001 y un OR = 2,8 [IC 95 % (1,7 - 4,7)], estableciendo así al estrés crónico como factor de riesgo para la preeclampsia. Además, se determinó que el rango promedio de las presiones arteriales sistólica, diastólica y media no son iguales en el grupo de pacientes con y sin estrés crónico, siendo la diferencia de sus valores estadísticamente significativa. Asimismo, se determinó la asociación entre el estrés crónico y la proteinuria con un nivel de significancia menor a 0,05. Conclusiones: La probabilidad de desarrollar preeclampsia teniendo estrés crónico en mujeres adultas es 2.8 veces mayor en comparación con aquellas que no tienen estrés crónico, constituyendo así un factor de riesgo para esta patología. Palabras clave: Estrés crónico; preeclampsia.<br>Tesis
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Vidovic, Anita, and Hanna Bäckström. "Överskuldsättningsproblem på marknaden för sms-lån : Är lagändringarna i proposition 2013/14:34 en god väg till att minska överskuldsättningen eller behövs ytterligare rättsliga åtgärder?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23849.

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I konsumentkreditlagen (2010:1846) (KKrL) finns det bestämmelser om hur kreditprövningar ska genomföras, ändå är det just vid dessa moment som det brister. Det är inte lagstiftningen beträffande kreditprövningarna som brustit, utan snarare tillämpningen av reglerna. Bristfälligheten har uppkommit, eftersom att sanktionsmöjligheterna inte varit tillräckligt avskräckande. Därför behöver sanktionsmöjligheterna stärkas. Genom att näringsidkarna har underlåtit att följa bestämmelserna, har de sparat in arbetskraft, tid samt ökat sin omsättning. Dock resulterar det i att konsumenterna löper större risk att överskuldsättas. För många kan sms-lån vara en sista utväg, vilket kan innebära att näringsidkarna vänder sig till personer som redan har en ostadig ekonomi. En målgrupp med en försämrad ekonomi och en bristfällig kreditprövning kan leda till överskuldsättning. En väg till att minska överskuldsättningen kan vara lagändringarna i proposition 2013/14:34, som har till syfte att verka avskräckande för näringsidkaren. Konsumentverket (KOV) kommer genom ändringarna få möjligheten att tillsammans med en varning kunna meddela en sanktionsavgift. Även fast överskuldsättningen i många fall beror på bristande kreditprövningar, kan även andra lagbestämmelser i KKrL ha en inverkan på problemet. En av dessa bestämmelser kan vara god kreditgivningssed, eftersom den genomsyrar mycket av näringsidkarens arbete till exempel hur näringsidkaren ska genomföra kreditprövningar. Därav utreds det om en ändring av god kreditgivningssed kan vara ytterligare en väg till att minska överskuldsättningen. Införandet av sanktionsavgifter kan minska överskuldsättningen men sanktionsbeloppen kan utformas på ett annat sätt. Det behövs även ytterligare rättsliga åtgärder till avgifterna för att kunna täppa till andra problem på området.
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Rodrigues, Filipe Martim Abreu. "Imparidades v.s. amortização do Goodwill : estudo de caso Air Liquide." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21050.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais<br>O goodwill é um tema que tem gerado bastante discussão na literatura. Enquanto que alguns autores defendem o atual método da imparidade, outros acham que este método não fornece informação relevante para os utilizadores das demostrações financeiras. Neste sentido, a UE emitiu a Diretiva 2013/34/UE que recomenda às empresas que adotem o método da amortização no que respeita à contabilização subsequente do goodwill. A Air Liquide aplica o método da imparidade no cálculo do seu goodwill. Este estudo tem como o objetivo estudar o impacto da alteração do método de contabilização do goodwill, para o método da amortização, nas demonstrações financeiras com base em dois cenários. O primeiro cenário consiste em atribuir uma vida útil de 10 anos a todo o goodwill, enquanto que no segundo cenário, o goodwill do segmento de negócio Gás tem uma vida útil de 40 anos e o restante goodwill uma vida de 20 anos. Uma vez que a empresa possui uma elevada percentagem do ativo representado por goodwill, a aplicação do método da amortização levou a uma redução materialmente relevante do ativo da empresa (-58,82% no cenário I e -20,66% no cenário II), devido à redução do valor do goodwill da empresa. A aplicação do método da amortização levou ainda a um aumento dos gastos de amortização o que gerou um impacto negativo nas demostrações financeiras da empresa. Os rácios financeiros e de rendibilidade foram afetados de forma negativa. No entanto, os rácios de Rendibilidade do Capital Próprio e ROA tiveram uma variação positiva.<br>Goodwill is a topic that has generated o lot of discussion in the literature. While some authors defend the current method of impairment, other believe that this method also lead to an increase in does not provide useful information for the users of financial statements. That said, the EU issued the Directive 213/14/EU which recommends companies to adopt the amortization method when doing the subsequent accounting for goodwill. Air Liquide applies the impairment method when accounting for goodwill. This study aims to analyze the impact of changing the method of accounting for goodwill, to the amortization method, on the financial statements based on two scenarios. On the first scenario all goodwill has a useful life of 10 years, while on the second scenario, all goodwill allocated to the business segment Gas has a useful life of 40 years and the remaining goodwill a useful life of 20 years. The company has a high asset percentage represented by goodwill and the application of the amortization method led to a material reduction in the company's asset (-58,82% on the scenario I and -20,66% on scenario II), due to the goodwill reduction. The application of the amortization method also led to an increase in the amortization expenses, which had a negative impact on the company's financial statements. The financial and profitability ratios were negatively affected. However, the Return of Equity and ROA ratios had a positive variation.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ekdahl, Samuel, and Stefan Swiatek. "SOU 2015:8 – En studie över intressenternas attityder till en ny företagskategori samt ny årsredovisningslag." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10411.

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Inom EU pågår ett ständigt arbete med harmonisering av lagar i syfte att utforma och införa lagstiftning av högsta kvalitet, samtidigt som hänsyn tas till att de administrativa bördorna står i proportion till deras nytta. Med detta som bakgrund har EU arbetat med att främja lättnader för små och medelstora företag på internationell såväl som nationell nivå, vilket resulterade i en revision av de egna direktiven. Som en följd av Europaparlamentet och Rådets direktiv av 2013 gällande årsbokslut, koncernredovisning och rapporter i vissa typer av företag, tillsattes i slutet av 2012 en utredning av regeringen. Utredningens uppgift var att lämna förslag till de lagbestämmelser som i svensk rätt skulle krävas för att genomföra direktivet. Utöver själva direktivet behandlade utredningen även frågan om de befintliga årsredovisningslagarna bör utformas på ett mer överskådligt och tydligt sätt. Utredningen resulterade i ett delbetänkande som behandlade genomförandet av EU:s nya redovisningsdirektiv, samt ett slutbetänkande som innefattade en översyn av årsredovisningslagarna. Remiss på slutbetänkandet skickades ut till 57 instanser och svaren på denna skulle vara Justitiedepartementet tillhanda senast den 1 december 2015. Totalt inkom det svar från 36 instanser gällande slutbetänkandet.Syftet med studien är att undersöka och redogöra för de attityder de olika remissinstanserna har till de förslag som angivits av utredningen. Genom att skapa en modifierad intressentmodell kategoriserar vi instanserna i olika intressentgrupper och undersöker om det finns samband i remissvaren baserat på vilken intressentgrupp respektive instans är kategoriserad i, samt vilka frågor som är av störst vikt för instanserna. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirin är baserad på de inkomna remissvaren.Studien visar att de flesta remissinstanserna ser positivt på ett införande av en ny företagskategori, mikroföretag. Då den svenska utredningen föreslår lägre gränsvärden för denna kategori än vad EU-direktivet gör, gav detta upphov till diskussion. Utredningen menar att det underlättar att ha samma gräns som för revisionsplikt, medan de som förespråkar högre gränsvärden anser att det medför mer svårigheter för svenska företag jämfört med deras europeiska jämlikar. Även den kostnadsbesparing som presenterats av utredningen ifrågasätts av ett flertal instanser då de anser att kalkylen är för snävt beräknad, och menar att kostnaderna kommer att bli högre både för det enskilda företaget och för samhället. Gällande moderniseringen av ÅRL och BFL är alla instanser överens om att det är något som ligger i tiden, baserat på att lagarna idag är allt för komplexa och saknar logisk struktur. Förslagen gällande fastställandet av årsredovisningen samt fastställelseintyget har renderat i minst yttranden från remissinstanserna. De instanser som svarat är också de som påverkas mest av de nya reglerna.De slutsatser vi drar är att de flesta instanserna är positiva till de förslag som presenterats av utredningen. Debatten angående gränsdragningen kommer med stor sannolikhet att fortgå även efter det att kategorin mikroföretag har införts i lagstiftningen. Vi anser att det är av vikt att Sverige tillämpar de gränsvärden som EU-direktivet förespråkar, bland annat av harmoniseringsskäl. I kostnadsfrågan ser vi att det i det långa loppet är viktigare att lättnader införs för de mindre företagen än att det på kort sikt kommer innebära merkostnader för myndigheterna. Gällande förslaget till en modernisering av ÅRL och BFL så är vi precis som remissinstanserna positiva till det då vi anser det vara av största vikt att förbättra tydligheten i lagtexten.<br>Within the EU, the work with harmonization of laws is an on-going process. The aim is to design and implement legislation of the highest quality, while taking into account that the administrative burdens are proportionate to their advantage. Against this background, the EU has worked to promote relief for small and medium-sized entities at the international as well as the national level, resulting in an audit of its own directives. As a result of the European Parliament and Council Directive of 2013 concerning the annual accounts, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types, an investigation was added by the government at the end of 2012. The investigators task was to submit proposals to the legislative provisions of Swedish law that would be required to implement the Directive. In addition to the Directive itself, the investigation treated the question whether the existing annual accounts legislation should be redesigned in a more transparent and clear manner. The investigation resulted in an interim report that dealt with the implementation of the new EU accounting directives, as well as a final report, that handled a review of the annual accounts act. The consultation on the final report was sent to 57 agencies and the answer to this was to be at the Ministry of Justice no later than 1 December 2015. Answers were received from 36 agencies.The purpose of this study is to examine and report on the attitudes of the various consultative agencies regarding the proposals set forth by the investigation. By creating a modified stakeholder model, we categorize instances of the various stakeholders and examine whether there is a correlation in the responses based on the stakeholder group each instance is categorized into, and what issues are of most importance to the instances. The study is qualitative in nature and the empirical data is based on the submitted consultation responses.The study shows that most agencies welcome the introduction of a new business category, micro-entities. There are some concerns regarding the limits for this category, since the limits suggested by the Swedish investigation are lower than the limits suggested by the EU. The investigation believes that it is helpful to have the same limit as for auditing duty, while those who advocate higher levels believes it will cause more problems for Swedish companies compared to their European peers. The cost saving estimated by the investigation are believed to be too narrowly calculated by several agencies, who argue that the costs will be higher for both the individual entity as well as for society. Regarding the modernization of the annual accounts acts all agencies agree that it is something that needs to be done, based on that the laws are too complex and lack logical structure. The proposals regarding the establishment of the annual report and approval certificate has rendered the least opinions of the consulted agencies. The replying agencies are the ones most affected by these new rules.The conclusions that we draw are that most of the agencies are positive towards the proposals presented by the investigation. The debate over the limits for micro-entities will likely continue after the category has been introduced to legislation. We believe that it is important for Sweden to apply the values that the EU directive advocates, for harmonization reason among other things. Regarding the cost issue we see that it is more important to promote relief for the smaller companies, than the meaning of increased costs in the short term. Regarding the modernization of the annual account acts we are, just as the consultative agencies, in favour of it because we believe it to be of utmost importance to improve the clarity of the legal text.(This essay is written in Swedish)
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Samuelsson, MiaMaria, and Isabella Gustafsson. "Minskade Upplysningskrav : En kostnadsbesparing ur ett företagsperspektiv?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138435.

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Titel: Minskade upplysningskrav – En kostnadsbesparing ur ett företagsperspektiv? Problematisering: Den 1 januari 2016 uppdaterades årsredovisningslagen (SFS 1995: 1554) i syfte att förenkla redovisningen för mindre företag. Uppdateringen innebär bland annat sänkta upplysningskrav för mindre företag. Enligt lagändringens förarbeten var tidigare redovisningskrav betungade, särskilt för mikroföretagen. En reducerad upplysningsskyldighet ska därför bidra till att sänka mikroföretagens administrativa kostnader så att de står i proportion till sin nytta. Årsredovisningar utgör ett viktigt beslutsunderlag som ska möjliggöra välgrundade beslut för mikroföretagens intressenter, särskilt långivare. Årsredovisningsinformation är emellertid kostsam att ta fram och det gäller att finna en balans mellan kostnad och nytta. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka effekterna av sänkta upplysningskrav för mikroföretag och huruvida dessa har införts på bekostnad av den nytta som årsredovisningen ska ge intressenterna. Metod: Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ strategi med deduktiv ansats. Undersökningen har utförts med hjälp av intervjuer med långivare och mikroföretagens redovisningskonsulter. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att redovisningens praktiska arbete inte är identiskt med hur det beskrivs i teorin och i lagens förarbeten. Studiens undersökningspersoner har vittnat om ingen eller liten besparingspotential för mikroföretagen utifrån sänkta upplysningskrav. Däremot bekräftar de att vissa implementeringskostnader har uppstått. Vad gäller intressentgruppen långivare indikerar studiens resultat att nyttan av mikroföretagens årsredovisningar efter lagändringen är tämligen oförändrad. Kunskapsbidrag: Studien har bidragit med att öka medvetenheten avseende hur de nya förenklingsreglerna för mikroföretag har implementerats samt vilken påverkan de utgör på berörda aktörer.<br>Thesis problem: On January 1st, 2016, the Annual Accounts Act (SFS 1995: 1554) was updated in order to simplify the accounting work in smaller companies. The update implies – amongst other things – reduced disclosure requirements for smaller companies. According to the legislative history, previous accounting requirements were very burdensome, in particular for micro-enterprises. A decreased disclosure obligation aims to reduce the administrative costs in micro-enterprises in order to make the costs proportionate to its usefulness. Annual reports provide an important basis for decision making in order to enable informed decisions for micro- enterprises stakeholders, especially lenders. Annual report information, however, is costly to achieve and it is crucial to find a balance between its costs and usefulness. Aim: The study aims to investigate the effects of reduced disclosure requirements for micro- enterprises and whether these have been introduced at the expense of the usefulness the annual reports should give the stakeholders. Method: The study has been conducted based on a qualitative strategy with a deductible approach. The investigation has been accomplished through interviews with lenders and accounting consultants of micro-enterprises. Conclusions: The study's result shows that the practical accounting work is not identical to how it is described in theory and in legislative history. The study's respondents have testified about no, or small savings potential for micro-enterprises based on reduced disclosure requirements. However, they confirm that some implementation costs have arisen. As far as the interest group lenders are concerned, the study indicates that the usefulness of micro- enterprises' annual reports after the law modification are quite unchanged. Contribution: The study has contributed to raising awareness of how the new simplification rules for micro-enterprises have been implemented and what impact they have amongst concerned groups.
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Müller, Ricarda [Verfasser]. "Das Heuerverhältnis nach dem Seearbeitsgesetz 2013 / Ricarda Müller." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1183473672/34.

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Mann, Christian S. [Verfasser]. "Fluthilfe 2013 : Finanzierung der Hochwassernachsorge / Christian S. Mann." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160312710/34.

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Hentschke, Janine [Verfasser]. "Diskursangebote und Anschlussdiskurse : Kleinparteien im Bundestagswahlkampf 2013 / Janine Hentschke." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160313377/34.

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Munk, Martin [Verfasser]. "Ulmer Ergebnisse der endovaskulären Ausschaltung von Bauchaortenaneurysmen 1997-2013 / Martin Munk." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082294217/34.

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Zimmermann, Milan Raoul [Verfasser]. ""Erweiterte Suizide" in Berlin zwischen 2005 und 2013 : eine Obduktionsstudie / Milan Raoul Zimmermann." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1133492436/34.

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Books on the topic "2013/34"

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editor, Kischel Uwe, ed. Der Einfluss des deutschen Verfassungsrechtsdenkens in der Welt: Bedeutung, Grenzen, Zukunftsperspektiven : Ergebnisse der 34. Tagung der Gesellschaft für Rechtsvergleichung vom 12. bis 14. September 2013 in Marburg. Mohr Siebeck, 2014.

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Zashchita prav lit︠s︡, ishchushchikh ubezhishcha, i bezhent︠s︡ev: Materialy 34-go i 35-go seminarov seti "Migrat︠s︡ii︠a︡ i pravo" Pravozashchitnogo t︠s︡entra "Memorial", Moskva, 1-3 noi︠a︡bri︠a︡ 2012 g., 25-27 apreli︠a︡ 2013 g. Memorial, 2013.

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Smith, Paul, Dave Lyddon, Roger Seifert, and Carole Thornley. Historical Studies in Industrial Relations, Volume 34 2013. Liverpool University Press, 2014.

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Office Of The Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 34 Education 300-399, Revised as of July 1, 2013. Bernan Distribution, 2013.

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Office Of The Federal Register. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 34, Education, Pt. 680-End, 35, , Revised as of July 1, 2013. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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Muñoz, Elizabeth, and Luz Angela Castaño, eds. Diálogo intergeneracional de saberes ambientales. IV Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52811/9789586190541.

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En 1975 surgió la Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental, en el marco del Programa de Formación Ambiental establecido por la UNESCO y el PNUMA. El Consejo de Administración del PNUMA convocó, en 1981, al desarrollo de actividades que incorporan la dimensión ambiental a los programas de educación superior; mientras que en 1983 la Conferencia General de la UNESCO adoptó las disposiciones operativas necesarias. Entre el veintiocho de octubre y el primero de noviembre de 1985 se realizó en la ciudad de Bogotá el Primer Seminario sobre Universidad y Medio Ambiente, convocado por el PNUMA, la UNESCO y otras organizaciones internacionales. El seminario fue una reflexión sobre la forma de incorporación ambiental en los estudios superiores de América Latina y el Caribe, y contó con la participación de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, el ICFES, el INDERENA, y COLCIENCIAS. Por encargo del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, el ICFES se constituyó en el punto focal de la Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental y sirvió de mecanismo de enlace con la Red de Formación Ambiental para América Latina y el Caribe, creada en 1981 por decisión de los gobiernos En 2004, la Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental adquirió su personería jurídica como entidad sin ánimo de lucro, para ello aprobó sus estatutos conservando la estructura que implementó desde su segunda etapa. El Ministerio de Ambiente ejercía la secretaría técnica y la Junta Directiva contaba entre sus miembros a otras instituciones de carácter gubernamental, además de las universidades representantes de los nodos regionales y el representante de las redes temáticas. Por cuestiones legales el Ministerio solicitó ser eliminado de la junta directiva, por lo que se modificaron y aprobaron los estatutos que rigen hoy a la Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental en la Asamblea Extraordinaria de Bello (Antioquia), el 24 de octubre de 2013. En cierto modo, la Red regresó a una composición similar a la que tuvo en su nacimiento, esencialmente constituida por instituciones de educación superior pero que trabaja de cerca con los ministerios de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Educación y Agricultura; la Red también está dispuesta a brindar su aporte a los demás ministerios, ya que la dimensión ambiental es transversal a sus necesidades y actividades. Igualmente, trabaja cercanamente con los institutos del SINA, especialmente los vinculados al Ministerio de Ambiente. La Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental tiene como objetivo general contribuir al desarrollo científico, tecnológico y social del país en el marco del desarrollo sostenible, mediante la creación de espacios de comunicación, intercambio y cooperación entre sus miembros, que den lugar a procesos de información, formación, investigación, participación y gestión, orientados al mejoramiento permanente de la relación sociedad-naturaleza. A pesar de los cambios de organización a los que se ha enfrentado la Red, sus objetivos generales y específicos continúan siendo esencialmente los mismos. Ya son muchos los logros que esta Red acumula en la realización de actividades como seminarios, talleres, simposios, foros y congresos; publicaciones y el fomento de programas para el mejoramiento de la educación ambiental, especialmente en el establecimiento de programas de posgrado (doctorado y maestría). También es importante destacar su inserción en redes nacionales e internacionales con objetivos similares, brindando apoyo al observatorio de la sostenibilidad en la educación superior, y propiciando el intercambio de estudiantes y profesores a nivel nacional e internacional. Es mucho lo que queda por hacer, pero no es poco lo que se ha logrado en el tiempo transcurrido desde el Primer Seminario sobre Universidad y Medio Ambiente celebrado entre el 28 de octubre y el primero de noviembre, 34 años atrás. El IV Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Ambientales fue una indicación de su vitalidad actual, que confirma la gran riqueza interpretativa que concita la sola denominación de “ciencia ambiental” en nuestro medio. Hoy, la Red Colombiana de Formación Ambiental como espacio autónomo de las universidades y algunas representaciones de la sociedad civil colombiana, sigue en su empeño de aportar desde su ámbito al impulso de las ciencias ambientales en nuestro país, ya que la ciencia se construye desde el sometimiento de los argumentos y la validación ante pares. Los invito a que nos sintamos pares en este paso adicional que hoy damos para que nuestro campo de las ciencias ambientales ocupe el lugar que le corresponde en el entramado de la ciencia, para un mundo que la requiere con la mayor de las urgencias del continente. Desde 1986 hasta 1995, el ICFES gestionó un plan de acción que promovió actividades académicas de capacitación, educación, investigación y publicaciones en el campo ambiental que significó una inversión aproximada de 700.000 dólares durante esta primera etapa de la Red. Entre 1996 6 2004 sucede una segunda etapa para la Red, su coordinación fue asumida por el Ministerio de Ambiente (hoy Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible) que se constituyó también en punto focal para Colombia de la Red de Formación Ambiental para Latinoamérica y el Caribe. De acuerdo con los planes del Ministerio, la Red se amplió para acoger, además de las entidades del ámbito universitario, todas las entidades de los diferentes niveles del sistema educativo además de las entidades que conforman el Sistema Nacional Ambiental SINA.
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Book chapters on the topic "2013/34"

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van Os, T. W. D. P., J. G. W. Kosterink, and K. van der Meer. "34 Slaapstoornissen." In Diagnose en therapie 2013-2014. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9801-0_34.

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Splitter, Wolfgang. "Christina Jetter-Staib: Halle, England und das Reich Gottes weltweit – Friedrich Michael Ziegenhagen (1694–1776). Halle: Verlag der Franckeschen Stiftungen 2013 (Hallesche Forschungen, 34)." In Pietismus und Neuzeit Band 41 - 2015. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666559136.275.

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Affolter, Laura. "Getting in Line with the Office." In Asylum Matters. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61512-3_5.

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AbstractThis chapter explores how asylum caseworkers are socialised on the job and thereby acquire an institutional habitus. Decision-makers are disciplined, incentivised, compelled, but also “ideationally conditioned” (Gill in Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 34 (2): 215–233, 2009) to think, act and feel in certain ways. The chapter argues that how organisational socialisation works can only be understood by taking three factors into account: what belonging to the office and to different “communities of interpretation” (Affolter, Miaz, and Poertner in Asylum Determination in Europe: Ethnographic Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, pp. 263–284, 2019; Wenger in Knowing in Organizations: A Practice-Based Approach. M.E. Sharp, Armonk, pp. 76–99, 2003) within the office means; how decision-makers acquire, and are taught, the necessary Dienstwissen (Weber in Economy and Society. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2013 [1978]) for carrying out their tasks; and the accountability decision-makers feel towards other actors: peers and superiors, but also politicians, the media and “the public”. Together these aspects of organisational socialisation shape what decision-makers come to perceive as “normal” and “appropriate” practices. Through becoming members of the office, they develop a “socialised subjectivity” (Bourdieu and Wacquant in An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Polity Press, Cambridge, pp. 61–215, 1992) which, in turn, shapes their everyday decision-making practices.
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"Foreign direct investment." In OECD Factbook 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/factbook-2013-34-en.

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"Poland." In International Migration Outlook 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2013-34-en.

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"Slovenia." In OECD Insurance Statistics 2013. OECD, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/ins_stats-2013-34-en.

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"Lesotho." In African Economic Outlook 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/aeo-2013-34-en.

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"Moyenne et distribution des salaires." In Panorama des pensions 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/pension_glance-2013-34-fr.

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"Related OECD Publications." In Education at a Glance 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2013-34-en.

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"Pologne." In Perspectives des migrations internationales 2013. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2013-34-fr.

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Conference papers on the topic "2013/34"

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Babacan, Onur, Thomas Drugman, Nicolas d'Alessandro, Nathalie Henrich, and Thierry Dutoit. "A quantitative comparison of glottal closure instant estimation algorithms on a large variety of singing sounds." In Interspeech 2013. ISCA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2013-34.

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Hammani, K., M. A. Ettabib, A. Bogris, et al. "Linear and Nonlinear Properties of SiGe Waveguides at Telecommunication Wavelengths." In National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nfoec.2013.jth2a.34.

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Vujičić, Z., N. B. Pavlovic, A. Shahpari, and A. Teixeira. "Efficient Dynamic Wideband Model for Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier." In National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nfoec.2013.jw2a.34.

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Feng, Ting, Micah H. Jenkins, Fengping Yan, and Thomas K. Gaylord. "Joint Residual Stress and Refractive Index Characterization of Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fibers." In Frontiers in Optics. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2013.ftu3a.34.

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Rickenstorff, Carolina, Joaquín García-García, Ariana Sampayo-Martínez, Andrey S. Ostrovksy, and Víctor Arrizón. "Generation of the “Perfect” Vortex for Optical Trapping." In Frontiers in Optics. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2013.jw3a.34.

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Kim, Jaeseok, Inhee Maeng, Jongwook Jung, et al. "Terahertz time-domain measurement of non-Drude conductivity in silver nanowire thin films." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2013.jth2a.34.

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Dvořák, Petr, Stanislav Martinát, Petr Klusáček, Dan Van der Horst, Josef Navrátil, and Marián Kulla. "Divergentní trendy v zemědělství a v sektoru bioplynových stanic v České republice: příležitost nebo hrozba?" In 16. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Sborník příspěvků. (16th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Conference Proceedings.). Masaryk University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-6257-2013-34.

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Fan, Li, Zheng-Mao Wu, Jia-Gui Wu, et al. "Experimental Investigation on the Nonlinear Dynamics of a Semiconductor Laser Subject to Dual-Beam Optical Injection." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2013.af2b.34.

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Xiao, Xiaosheng, and Yi Hua. "Experimental Investigation of Wavelength-tunability of All-normal-dispersion Yb-doped Mode-locked Fiber Lasers." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2013.af2d.34.

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Lin, Rui, Zhenhua Feng, Ming Tang, Songnian Fu, Perry Ping Shum, and Deming Liu. "Spacing Switchable Flat Broadband Optical Comb Generation Based on Cascaded Electro-optical Modulator." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2013.af2f.34.

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Reports on the topic "2013/34"

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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nres.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Croatia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrhr.2020.12.

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This report presents the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) in Croatia, aged between 15 and 34 years old, in the period from 2009 until 2019. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth em-ployment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criteria, enabling comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further collapsed into age sub-groups and, when possible, in sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involved des-criptive longitudinal analysis, using figures (e.g., line charts) as well as the calculation of abso-lute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indicators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been decreasing in Croatia. Youth unemployment was marked by two distinct periods, one from 2009 to 2013 (with higher rates of youth unemployment) and another from 2013 to 2019 (with the decrease in unemployment rates, with lower unemployment rates in ci-ties and higher in towns and suburbs and rural areas). In the field of education, however, there has been a decrease of the Croatian population with lower levels of education and an increase of the proportion of those with higher educational attainment. Finally, the propor-tion of NEETs in Croatia is higher in rural areas compared to cities and towns and suburbs, revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Montenegro. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrme.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Montenegro. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2011 and 2019, the youth population aged 15 to 29 years has been decreasing in Montenegro. Youth unemployment in rural areas is more noticeable, even though the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications and young people in the category of early school leavers in rural areas between 2011-2019. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Montenegro is higher in rural areas, compared to urban regions, thus revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Turkey. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrtr.2020.12.

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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the report portrays indicators of youth population, youth employment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. Since the urban/rural distinction is not clear in Turkey, the overtime change in the status of the Rural NEETs can-not be analysed.The adopted statistical procedures across the different selected dimensions involves descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets, in addition we also used the statistics provi-ded by the Statistical Institute of Turkey, in addition to some academic works.The analyses show that Turkey has an ageing population, and that the share of the youth in the population declined over years. The relatively younger population of Turkey has pre-viously always been accepted as an advantage, but this advantage has disappeared with declining birth rates. The transition to a new administrative system in 2012 prevents a de-tailed analysis of the situation of rural NEETS. However, the available data shows that there is a significant gender gap and the lower levels of female labour force participation has led to the emergence of the NEETs as a gendered problem.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Italy. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrit.2020.12.

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This document describes the Italian situation of young people aged between 15 and 34 years who do not work, do not study and are not in training (NEET), from 2009 to 2019. The report analyses the following indicators of the youth population: employment; unem-ployment; education; and, distribution of NEETs. The criteria adopted to analyse data are mainly the degree of urbanisation, the age group and, where possible, gender. The statistical procedure adopted for the different dimensions selected is descriptive lon-gitudinal analysis and calculation of absolute and relative proportional changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and between 2009 and 2019. These time intervals have been chosen to capture the evolution of the indicators before and after the economic cri-sis that hit European countries. All data has been extracted from Eurostat public data sets. The data analysed shows how the Italian population decreased slightly between 2009 and 2019. However, what clearly changed is the distribution: increased in rural areas and decreased in cities. Youth unemployment grew strongly from 2009 to 2014, until finally decreasing from 2014 to 2019. Between 2009 and 2019, the Italian population aged from 15 to 24 years old has become more educated. The number of young people who drop out of school early decreased sharply, although rural areas remain the ones with the highest rates thereof. Finally, the NEET rate is one of the highest in the EU and has increased overall from 2009 to 2019. The peak was reached in 2014 and then the share decreased until 2019. Rural areas have the highest rate, although with a very small difference compared to the rate of cities and the national average.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrpt.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bulgaria. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.ndbg.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bulgaria. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; you-th employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characteri-sation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Bulgaria. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strate-gy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bulgaria is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Slovakia. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrsk.2020.12.

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This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15-34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Slo-vakia. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth employ-ment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution and amount of ESLET in Slovakia according to different level of urbanisation (cities, towns and suburbs and towns). There are more male than females living in Slovakia. However, there are more females living in rural areas. Youth unemployment has been rising every year since 2009, peaking in 2012/2013, and after this peak it has decreased gradually leading to the lowest unemployment rate in a decade for the age category 15-39 in 2018-2019. Since the year 2010 the employment rate has been gradually increasing in all degrees of urbanisation. In last decade (2009-2019), the population aged 15-24 years old in Slovakia has become more educated. The highest increa-se was in last decade at level ISCED 5-8 in rural areas. ESLET has gradually increased in Slo-vakia nationwide. Between the years 2009-2019, there were an increased number of ESLET females in rural areas. The share of NEETs has slightly decreased in last decade in Slovakia.
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National reports 2009-2019 - Rural NEET across Europe (14 countries reports). OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nr14.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: you-th population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central cri-terion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from ILOSTAT explorer public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 youth population in both rural and urban areas decreased. In general, a strong decline in youth population was observed within all categories, with the most significant decrease within the age group 25-29 (21.57%) and 15-19 (20.35%). Youth employment has tended to decrease overall, and the decrease is stron-ger within rural regions. Interestingly, youth unemployment has also tended to decrease, and a significantly higher share of unemployed youth is from rural regions. A somewhat similar trend is observed in the field of education where the number of those enrolled significantly decreased during the observed period for all education levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ESLET rate tended to decrease, while the proportion of the female po-pulation tends to have higher ESLET levels compared to the male population. However, the ESLET rate is still below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bosnia and Herzegovina is higher in rural areas, while in general the tendency has been for it to decrease during the observed period.
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National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Germany. OST Action CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.nrde.2020.12.

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This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Germany. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characte-risation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years significantly increa-sed between 2009 and 2012 and then decreased slightly until 2019. The youth employment rate in Germany is generally increasing, and is at all times significantly higher in rural areas than in cities, towns and suburbs. The reverse trend applies to youth unemployment, which generally decreased in the observed period and which is at all times lowest in rural areas. A look at educational attainment levels showed a slight decline in rural areas of low educated persons between 2009 and 2019, while the proportion of rural youth with medium and high education slightly increased. At the same time, the proportion of early school leavers in rural areas after an increase until 2011, fell sharply and reached the 2009 level again by 2019. Be-ing 9% in 2019, it remains, at least in rural areas, slightly below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Germany is lower in rural areas in all age classes and as a whole decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.
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