Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2020-objective

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '2020-objective'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2020-objective"

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Duľová Spišáková, Emília, Barbora Gontkovičová, and Andrea Tkáčová. "EDUCATION - THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY." Acta academica karviniensia 15, no. 2 (2015): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2015.017.

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Tao, Weishuo, Jing Cheng, Wenqing Dong, and Jing Wang. "East Asia Lifelong Learning Community 2020: Objective, Organization and Operation." Transition Studies Review 16, no. 2 (2009): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11300-009-0063-4.

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Kryk, Barbara. "The 500+ Family Program and the objective of the Europe 2020 labour market area." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 64, no. 9 (2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.9.06.

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There is huge controversy around the issue of the impact of the 500+ benefit program on the labour market in Poland, especially on the professional activity of women. The effects in this area are not only relevant for the country but also for the European Union as a whole, as they determine the achievement of the employment goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. It was, therefore, decided to examine this issue more closely. The main goal of the article is to investigate how the 500+ benefit affects the supply of female labour force and the achievement of the employment target of the Europe 2020 strategy. The specific objectives: (1) what were the goals of the Polish government in the area of the labour market at the beginning of the implementation of the EU strategy, and what goals are currently in the Strategy for Responsible Development (SOR)? (2) what were the dynamics of female labour supply compared to the changes in the labour market ? (3) what is the significance of the 500+ program for the trends in the labour market ? (4) what loss (if any) for the economy resulted from the reduction of women’s employment generated? The subject of the study is women’s labour supply/employment, and the subject of research is the Polish economy. To achieve the study goals, the desk research method, time series and indicator analysis, and GDP gaps were used. The research period is 2010-2019, with particular emphasis on the period after the introduction of the benefit in 2016. The research conducted shows that adverse changes in the labour force supply of women caused by the 500+ benefits, were offset by the return to the labour market of previously unemployed or inactive people. Thus, the strategic goal related to employment was achieved.
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Kryk, Barbara. "The 500+ Family Program and the objective of the Europe 2020 labour market area." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 64, no. 9 (2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.9.06.

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There is huge controversy around the issue of the impact of the 500+ benefit program on the labour market in Poland, especially on the professional activity of women. The effects in this area are not only relevant for the country but also for the European Union as a whole, as they determine the achievement of the employment goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. It was, therefore, decided to examine this issue more closely. The main goal of the article is to investigate how the 500+ benefit affects the supply of female labour force and the achievement of the employment target of the Europe 2020 strategy. The specific objectives: (1) what were the goals of the Polish government in the area of the labour market at the beginning of the implementation of the EU strategy, and what goals are currently in the Strategy for Responsible Development (SOR)? (2) what were the dynamics of female labour supply compared to the changes in the labour market ? (3) what is the significance of the 500+ program for the trends in the labour market ? (4) what loss (if any) for the economy resulted from the reduction of women’s employment generated? The subject of the study is women’s labour supply/employment, and the subject of research is the Polish economy. To achieve the study goals, the desk research method, time series and indicator analysis, and GDP gaps were used. The research period is 2010-2019, with particular emphasis on the period after the introduction of the benefit in 2016. The research conducted shows that adverse changes in the labour force supply of women caused by the 500+ benefits, were offset by the return to the labour market of previously unemployed or inactive people. Thus, the strategic goal related to employment was achieved.
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Finney Rutten, Lila J., Kelly D. Blake, Alexandra J. Greenberg-Worisek, Summer V. Allen, Richard P. Moser, and Bradford W. Hesse. "Online Health Information Seeking Among US Adults: Measuring Progress Toward a Healthy People 2020 Objective." Public Health Reports 134, no. 6 (2019): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919874074.

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Objective: During the past decade, the availability of health information online has increased dramatically. We assessed progress toward the Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) health communication and health information technology objective of increasing the proportion of health information seekers who easily access health information online. Methods: We used data from 4 administrations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2008-2017) (N = 18 103). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate trends over time in experiences with accessing health information and to examine differences by sociodemographic variables (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, metropolitan status) separately for those who used the internet (vs other information sources) during their most recent search for health information. Results: Among US adults who looked for health information and used the internet for their most recent search, the percentage who reported accessing health information without frustration was stable during the study period (from 37.2% in 2008 to 38.5% in 2017). Accessing information online without frustration was significantly and independently associated with age 35-49 (vs age 18-34) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 -1.73), non-Hispanic black (vs non-Hispanic white) race/ethnicity (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.55-2.97), and annual household income <$20 000 (vs >$75 000) (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.93). The percentage of adults who used an information source other than the internet and reported accessing health information online without frustration ranged from 31.3% in 2008 to 42.7% in 2017. Survey year 2017 (vs 2008) (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.35) and high school graduate education (vs college graduate) (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97) were significantly and independently associated with accessing health information without frustration from sources other than the internet. Conclusions: The percentage of online health information seekers reporting easily accessing health information did not meet the HP2020 objective. Continued efforts are needed to enable easy access to online health information among diverse populations.
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Artmann, Uwe. "VCX Version 2020 - Further development of a transparent and objective evaluation scheme for mobile phone cameras." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 9 (2021): 204–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.9.iqsp-204.

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VCX or Valued Camera eXperience is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the objective and transparent evaluation of mobile phone cameras. The members continuously work on the development of a test scheme that can provide an objective score for the camera performance. Every device is tested for a variety of image quality factors while these typically based on existing standards. Tests include texture loss, resolution, low light performance, shooting time lag, image stabilisation performance and more, all for a variety of different capture conditions. This paper presents that latest development with the newly released version 2020 and the process behind it.
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Hung, Mei-Chuan, Donatus U. Ekwueme, Arica White, et al. "Estimating health benefits and cost-savings for achieving the Healthy People 2020 objective of reducing invasive colorectal cancer." Preventive Medicine 106 (January 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.022.

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Viorica Mădălina, Manu. "Sailing in the Storm in 2020, The Business to Consumer Case." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 2 (2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.72.1003.

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This chapter analyses factors that add value to the businesses in 2020, especially the new businesses from the digital economy. Many Romanian companies fight hard to find their way to success (or survival) in the absence of one valuable objective of the business and in this chapter we will analyze them. This chapter researches the enterprise value and its determinants, in order to understand the ways to increase the company value, while considering Jensen’s theory of value maximization as the single important objective of a company.
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Yanling, Chen, Wu Haiyan, Sun Weimin, and Huang Lan. "Factors Analysis and Policy Suggestions for China's Objective by 2020--Non-fossil Energy Accounts for 15% of Total Energy Consumption." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.073.

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Ahmar, Ansari Saleh, and R. Rusli. "Will Covid-19 cases in the World reach 4 million? a forecasting approach using SutteARIMA." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, no. 3 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.3.389.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether Covid-19 cases in the world would have reached 4 million cases with the SutteARIMA method forecasting approach. Data from this study were obtained from the Worldometer from 1 March 2020 to 05 May 2020. Data were used for data fitting from 1 March 2020 to 28 April 2020 (29 April 2020 – 05 May 2020). The data fitting is used to see the extent of the accuracy of the SutteARIMA method when predicting data. The MAPE method is used to see the level of data accuracy. Results of forecasting data for the period from 29 April 2020 to 05 May 2020: 72,731; 84,666; 92,297; 100,797; 84,312; 81,517; 74845. The accuracy of SutteARIMA for the period 30 April 2020 – 06 May 2020 shall be 0.069%. Forecast results for as many as 4 million cases, namely from 08 May 2020 to 10 May 2020: 3,966,786; 4,047,328 and 4,127,747. The SutteARIMA method predicts that 4 million cases of Covid-19 in the world will be reported on the WHO situation report on the day 110/111 or 09 May 2020/10 May 2020.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2020-objective"

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Kesar, Purushottam. "Interpretations and applications of the EU objective of Territorial Cohesion: An analysis of EU Cohesion Policy Programmes 2014-2020." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10505.

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“Territorial Cohesion” has been a topic of intense debate within the EU Policy lexicon. This has been partly because it’s still in cycles of interpretations and is in a quest for an acceptable and a discreet operational framework. However, parallel to ongoing discourses, Cohesion Policy for the period 2014-20 has been rolled out. The thesis is an attempt to examine and suggest, as to what extent, the current architecture of Cohesion Policy is contributing to achieve “Territorial Cohesion”, a Treaty objective, in its programmes, particularly the transnational programmes under the European Territorial Co-operation objective. “Territorial Cohesion” has been analyzed in specific Cohesion Policy regulations, programmes and validated by stakeholder inputs. A suitable theoretical outline, i.e. “conformance” and “performance” framework and a qualitative research approach have been employed to arrive at the conclusions. Cohesion Policy in its current cycle is focused on delivering Europe 2020 strategy’s priorities of “smart, sustainable and inclusive growth”. The articulation of “Territorial Cohesion” objectives therefore is inadequately done in the scope and theme as well as in “programming” of Cohesion Policy. Interventions are proposed in its architecture to finesse Cohesion Policy-Territorial Cohesion interface, key to meeting Cohesion Policy goals.
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Poole, Sasha N., and Sasha N. Poole. "The Process Young Mothers in New Mexico Undergo to Achieve the Healthy People 2020 Objective of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Three Months." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622978.

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Breastfeeding is an important and relatively affordable health promotion and disease prevention activity with positive health outcomes for both the women who breastfeed and the infants who receive human milk as their first source of nutrition. As these benefits are dose dependent, the duration of breastfeeding and exclusivity of breastfeeding are important in the development of these protective effects. The purpose of this study is to understand the process younger mothers, ages 18 to 24 years, undergo to be able to sustain breastfeeding for longer than most women their age breastfeed. Ten women, ages 21 to 24 years, participated in individual, in-depth interviews in this grounded theory study. Following the iterative process of data collection and analysis, focus of the interviews changed as the data analysis guided the data collection process. Data underwent open, focused, axial, and theoretical/selective coding. The analysis process resulted in the development of a middle-range, descriptive theory grounded in the data. Prolonged Breastfeeding Through Fierce Determination succinctly explains the central phenomenon, fierce determination, and the relationship it shares with the other concepts identified as important contributing factors as the women moved through their breastfeeding journeys. Facing and Deciding to Overcome Obstacles, influenced most heavily by fierce determination, exerted its influence upon the outcome of the theory, "Trucking Along", an in vivo code provided by Participant 10, which captured her ongoing breastfeeding even in the face of obstacles. Normalized Infant Feeding Method contributed to the participants' fierce determination. Availability of Support positively impacted the participants' ability to face and overcome their breastfeeding obstacles. Personal Agency had a reciprocal relationship with fierce determination and, like availability of support, also positively impacted their ability to face and overcome obstacles. The concepts within the theory were found to be congruent with a focused review of the literature around long-term goal achievement, healthful behavior adaptation, and breastfeeding. This study contributed to the breastfeeding literature, providing insight into how young mothers engage in prolonged breastfeeding.
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Westerén, Markus, and Oskar Löfgren. "Erfarenheter från flerbostadshus som passivhus : En handflata och sex värmeljus." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-22607.

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All new households were to be constructed with "near zero energy house standards" (NZE-house) by the year of 2020. The ambition to construct energy-efficient buildings had to increase rapidly in the spring of 2013.The purpose of this report was to increase the interest for building contractors to construct apartment buildings with passive house standards. By locating and evaluating experiences from an existing passive house a case study including interviews, field visits and document analysis was made. Research of literature regarding other passive houses in Sweden also helped to answer the following questions: - What positive and negative experiences have the study of the passive house meant to the involved stakeholders and residents? - What improvements can be made based on identified experiences? - How can an apartment building be designed as a passive house based on possible improvements? By collecting good and bad experiences, as well as improvements and potential design proposals, a diagram was created designed as a tool for developers when constructing apartment buildings with passive house standards. The diagram was organized in the categories; material, immaterial and image. Positive experiences from the case study were for instance that estimated time table, budget and planned energy level were achieved mainly due to a designed prefabricated sandwich element of concrete and the organizational form called partnering. Negative experiences were for example problems with high temperatures in staircase areas due to glassed facades and the lack of ventilation hatches, problems with condense and frost on windows, insufficient knowledge in using technical equipment and relatively high investment costs. Improvements and potential design proposals recommended by the authors were for example vertical lamellas for sunscreen and screening of the night sky, energy watchers in each apartment for higher energy awareness and a minor use of passive house independent qualities, in order to avoid the risk of building contractors not wanting to build passive houses due to high costs.   The experiences in the result diagram emphasized what building contractors should focus on in order to succeed with constructing apartment buildings, with similar requirements as the building in the case study, as a passive house.<br>Från år 2020 skulle alla nybyggda hus i Sverige vara av ”nära nollenergihus-standard” (NNE). Våren 2013 behövde därför ambitionsnivån att producera energisnåla nybyggnationer öka markant.   Syftet med rapporten var att öka attraktiviteten för byggherrar att konstruera flerbostadshus som passivhus. Genom att lokalisera och utvärdera erfarenheter från ett utfört passivhusprojekt i form av en fallstudie innefattande intervjuer, studiebesök och dokumentanalys, men även studerande av litteratur gällande andra genomförda projekt i Sverige, besvarades följande frågeställningar:   -        Vilka positiva och negativa erfarenheter har studerat passivhus medfört för inblandade aktörer och boende? -        Vilka förbättringsmöjligheter finns med utgångspunkt från identifierade erfarenheter? -        Hur kan ett flerbostadshus utformas som passivhus med hänsyn till eventuella förbättringsmöjligheter?   Genom att insamla positiva- och negativa erfarenheter, förbättringsmöjligheter samt potentiella utformningsförslag inom kategorierna materiella erfarenheter, immateriella erfarenheter samt image skapades förutsättningar för en sammanfattande resultattabell ämnad som ett verktyg för byggherrar vid framställande av flerbostadshus som passivhus.   Positiva erfarenheter från fallstudien var bland annat att uppsatt tidplan, budget och planerad energinivå levdes upp till, där ett framtaget prefabricerat sandwich-element i betong i kombination med organisationsformen partnering sågs som främsta anledningar till detta. Negativa erfarenheter var bland annat problem med övertemperaturer i trapphus på grund av stor andel glasad fasad i samband med avsaknaden av ventilationsluckor, utvändig kondens och frost på lägenhetsfönster, brister i teknikanvändandet samt en relativt hög investeringskostnad. Förbättringsmöjligheter och författarnas utformningsförslag bestod bland annat av inbyggda tvärställda lameller som sol- och natthimmelavskärmning, energibevakare i varje lägenhet för ökad energimedvetenhet samt en mindre omfattning av passivhusoberoende kvaliteter för att minska uppfattningen av passivhuskonceptet som kostnadsmässigt avskräckande.   Resultattabellen betonade vad en byggherre särskilt skulle tänka på för att lyckas med nybyggnation av flerbostadshus som passivhus vid likartade villkor som i fallstudien.
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Bouzid, Salah Eddine. "Optimisation multicritères des performances de réseau d’objets communicants par méta-heuristiques hybrides et apprentissage par renforcement." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA1026.pdf.

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Le déploiement des réseaux d’objets communicants «ROCs», dont les densités augmentent sans cesse, conditionne à la fois l’optimalité de leur qualité de service, leur consommation énergétique et par conséquent leur durée de vie. Il s’avère que le problème de déterminer le placement optimal, relativement aux différents critères de qualité, des nœuds de ces réseaux est un problème Np-Complet. Face à cette Np-complétude, et en particulier pour des environnements intérieurs, les approches existantes focalisent sur l’optimisation d’un seul objectif en négligeant les autres critères, ou optent pour une solution manuelle fastidieuse et coûteuse. Des nouvelles approches pour résoudre ce problème sont donc nécessaires. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche qui permet de générer automatiquement, dès la phase de conception des réseaux d’objets communicants, le déploiement qui garantit à la fois l’optimalité en termes de performances et de robustesse face aux éventuelles défaillances et instabilités topologiques. Cette approche proposée est basée d’une part sur la modélisation du problème de déploiement sous forme d’un problème d’optimisation combinatoire multi-objectifs sous contraintes, et sa résolution par un algorithme génétique hybride combinant l’optimisation multi-objectifs avec l’optimisation à somme pondérée, et d’autre part sur l’intégration de l’apprentissage par renforcement pour garantir l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et la prolongation de la durée de vie. Elle est concrétisée par le développement de deux outils. Un premier appelé MOONGA (pour Multi-Objective Optimization of Wireless Network Approach Based on Genetic Algorithm) qui permet de générer automatiquement le placement des nœuds, qui optimise la connectivité, la m-connectivité, la couverture, la k-couverture, la redondance de couverture et le coût. Cette optimisation prend en considération les contraintes liées à l'architecture de l’espace de déploiement, à la topologie du réseau, aux spécificités de l'application pour laquelle le réseau est conçu et aux préférences du concepteur. Après optimisation de déploiement l’outil R2LTO (Pour Reinforcement Learning for Life-Time Optimization), permet d’intégrer un protocole de routage, basé sur l'apprentissage par renforcement, pour garantir l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et de la durée de vie du ROC après son déploiement tout en conservant la QoS requise<br>The deployment of Communicating Things Networks (CTNs), with continuously increasing densities, needs to be optimal in terms of quality of service, energy consumption and lifetime. Determining the optimal placement of the nodes of these networks, relative to the different quality criteria, is an NP-Hard problem. Faced to this NP-Hardness, especially for indoor environments, existing approaches focus on the optimization of one single objective while neglecting the other criteria, or adopt an expensive manual solution. Finding new approaches to solve this problem is required. Accordingly, in this thesis, we propose a new approach which automatically generates the deployment that guarantees optimality in terms of performance and robustness related to possible topological failures and instabilities. The proposed approach is based, on the first hand, on the modeling of the deployment problem as a multi-objective optimization problem under constraints, and its resolution using a hybrid algorithm combining genetic multi-objective optimization with weighted sum optimization and on the other hand, the integration of reinforcement learning to guarantee the optimization of energy consumption and the extending the network lifetime. To apply this approach, two tools are developed. A first called MOONGA (Multi-Objective Optimization of wireless Network approach based on Genetic Algorithm) which automatically generates the placement of nodes while optimizing the metrics that define the QoS of the CTN: connectivity, m-connectivity, coverage, k-coverage, coverage redundancy and cost. MOONGA tool considers constraints related to the architecture of the deployment space, the network topology, the specifies of the application and the preferences of the network designer. The second optimization tool is named R2LTO (Reinforcement Learning for Life-Time Optimization), which is a new routing protocol for CTNs, based on distributed reinforcement learning that allows to determine the optimal rooting path in order to guarantee energy-efficiency and to extend the network lifetime while maintaining the required QoS
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Books on the topic "2020-objective"

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Blokdyk, Gerardus. Objective Analysis a Complete Guide - 2020 Edition. Emereo Pty Limited, 2020.

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Blokdyk, Gerardus. Project Objective a Complete Guide - 2020 Edition. Emereo Pty Limited, 2020.

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Blokdyk, Gerardus. Service Level Objective a Complete Guide - 2020 Edition. Emereo Pty Limited, 2020.

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Publishing, Simple Notebook. BLUE GRAY FOLIAGE Notebook : 2020 I WILL ... a Written Objective, Is a Achieved One. a Creatif Notebook to Plan Your Next Year: Beautiful 2020 Journal White Lined Interior. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Simple Notebook. OBLIQUE GREEN WALL Notebook : 2020 I WILL ... a Written Objective, Is a Achieved One. a Creatif Notebook to Plan Your Next Year: Beautiful 2020 Journal White Lined Interior. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Simple Notebook. PISTACHIO GREEN LINED Notebook : 2020 I WILL ... a Written Objective, Is a Achieved One. a Creatif Notebook to Plan Your Next Year: Beautiful 2020 Journal White Lined Interior. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Simple Notebook. DOTTED PINK WALL Notebook : 2020 I WILL ... a Written Objective, Is a Achieved One. a Creatif Notebook to Plan Your Next Year: Beautiful 2020 Journal White Lined Interior. Independently Published, 2019.

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Publishing, Simple Notebook. OBLIQUE BLUE WALL Notebook : 2020 I WILL ... a Written Objective, Is a Achieved One. a Creatif Notebook to Plan Your Next Year: Beautiful 2020 Journal White Lined Interior. Independently Published, 2019.

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objectives, my. Agenda Objective 90 : Diary and Planner of Week and Day to Help You Realize Your Projects and Reach Your Objectives in 90 Days: Agenda 2020. Agenda Organiseur Pour Ton Quotidien. Calendar and Planificateur. Paperback. Independently Published, 2020.

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Bonner, Adrian, ed. Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of Health. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447356233.001.0001.

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As many social inequalities widen, this is a crucial survey of local authorities' evolving role in health, social care, and wellbeing. The book reviews structural changes in provision and procurement, and explores social determinants of health including intergenerational needs and housing. The book begins with an overview of the relationship between health and housing, regional disparities and responses across England, Wales, and Scotland in the provision of health and social care, and local authority commissioning. It considers how the Municipal Corporations Act (1835) led to the establishment of elected town councils. In the mid- to late 20th century, municipalisation gave way to centralised government, which subverted the autonomy of local authorities. Currently, social care is provided and funded by local authorities and private funders. The main objective of social care is to help people to live well and happily, and live as long as they can. This person-centred approach is in contrast to the systems that have been developed to support the health care needs of people. In 2020, poverty still remains a key driver of poor health and wellbeing. With detailed assessments of regional disparities and case studies of effective strategies and interventions from local authorities, the book addresses complex issues (Wicked Issues), considers where responsibility for wellbeing lies and points the way to future policy-making. The Centre for Partnering (CfP), a network of universities working with the private and third sectors, is a key outcome of this innovative review.
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Book chapters on the topic "2020-objective"

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Maj-Waśniowska, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Stabryła-Chudzio, and Agnieszka Wałęga. "Public Expenditure on Social Protection in the Light of the Europe 2020 Poverty Objective." In Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40375-1_2.

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Przybysz, Klaudia, Agnieszka Stanimir, and Marta Wasiak. "Europe 2020 Strategy—Objective Evaluation of Realization and Subjective Assessment by Seniors as Beneficiaries of Social Assumptions." In Data Analysis and Classification. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75190-6_15.

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Lu, Zhichao, Kalyanmoy Deb, Erik Goodman, Wolfgang Banzhaf, and Vishnu Naresh Boddeti. "NSGANetV2: Evolutionary Multi-objective Surrogate-Assisted Neural Architecture Search." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58452-8_3.

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Chu, Xiangxiang, Bo Zhang, and Ruijun Xu. "Multi-objective Reinforced Evolution in Mobile Neural Architecture Search." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020 Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66823-5_6.

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Yan, Wen-Jing, Shan Li, Chengtao Que, Jiquan Pei, and Weihong Deng. "RAF-AU Database: In-the-Wild Facial Expressions with Subjective Emotion Judgement and Objective AU Annotations." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69544-6_5.

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Zhang, Nan, Jianzong Wang, Jian Yang, Xiaoyang Qu, and Jing Xiao. "Multi-objective Cuckoo Algorithm for Mobile Devices Network Architecture Search." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61609-0_25.

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Csirik, J., Gy Dósa, and D. Kószó. "Online Scheduling with Machine Cost and a Quadratic Objective Function." In SOFSEM 2020: Theory and Practice of Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38919-2_17.

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Santos, Francisco, and Lino Costa. "Multivariate Analysis to Assist Decision-Making in Many-objective Engineering Optimization Problems." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58808-3_21.

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Sisto, Raffaele, Javier García López, Julio Lumbreras Martín, Carlos Mataix Aldeanueva, and Linos Ramos Ferreiro. "City Assessment Tool to Measure the Impact of Public Policies on Smart and Sustainable Cities. The Case Study of the Municipality of Alcobendas (Spain) Compared with Similar European Cities." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_6.

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AbstractData analytics is a key resource to analyze cities and to find their strengths and weaknesses to define long-term sustainable strategies. On the one hand, urban planning is geared to adapting cities’ strategies towards a qualitative, intelligent, and sustainable growth. On the other hand, institutions are geared towards open governance and collaborative administration models. In this context, sustainability has become a global concern for urban development, and the sustainable development goals (SDGs), defined by United Nations, are the framework to be followed to define the new city goals and to measure the advances of the policies implemented over recent years. The main objective of this research is to explain the methods and results of the application of a city assessment tool for measuring the impact of public policies on the socioeconomic and environmental structure of a city. It addresses the case study of the evaluation of the strategic plan “Diseña 2020” of the municipality of Alcobendas (Madrid, Spain, with 116.037 inhabitants), the document used to communicate the actions needed to achieve the city goals during the planning exercise. A selection of urban indicators has been aligned with the SDGs defined in the Agenda 2030 to develop a tool for the measurement of the impacts of policies in economic, social, and ecological terms. Through this set of indicators, the tool is able to quantify the impact of the policies on the city and the SDGs and to support the decision-making processes of the administration. The set of urban indicators is divided into five areas: economic development and employment, sustainable development, open government, social responsibility, and quality of life. The data evolution, across the recent years 2012–2018, is used to monitor and benchmark the effects of the applied policies. In addition, Alcobendas can be compared with other Spanish and European cities with similar characteristics; it makes possible assessing the achievement of the city’s strategic areas, incorporating the current trends and fostering the SDGs. Thanks to the quantitative comparable results and the objective approach, this research shows a methodology based on indicators that could be applied and scaled to other cities to generate a common framework for measuring the impact of public policies on cities.
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Classen, E. "Objective Assessment of the Cooling Function of Textile Products Based on the Combination of WATson and Human Perception." In Functional Textiles and Clothing 2020. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9376-5_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "2020-objective"

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Bolufe-Rohler, Antonio, and Stephen Chen. "A Multi-Population Exploration-only Exploitation-only Hybrid on CEC-2020 Single Objective Bound Constrained Problems." In 2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185530.

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Wu, Juewei, Jie Yu, Li Tianran, Xinsen Zhang, Mengyue Li, and Yifei Zhang. "Multi-objective optimization analysis of a combined heat and power system based on useful work of different qualities of heat energy utilization (iSPEC 2020)." In 2020 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispec50848.2020.9351167.

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Deselnicu, Dana Corina, and Beatrice Alexandra Alexandrescu. "Comparative analysis of sustainable development indicators at E.U. and Romanian level." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.5.

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Sustainable development aims for a better future for us and future generations. To follow it, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was developed, which proposes, through its 17 objectives, the intervention directions. The 2030 Agenda was adopted by both Romania and the EU. Each objective is represented by a set of indicators. The objective of the paper is the comparative analysis of the most important indicators of sustainable development in EU and Romania. In this paper, the main indicators of sustainable development at EU level were analyzed. Subsequently, the same indicators were investigated in Romania, to perform a comparative analysis. The research used secondary data. Romania's declared objective is to be a regional leader in implementing Sustainable Development goals. Based on the results obtained on data available in 2020, a set of recommendations was developed to reach the proposed target for 2030. Analyzing the sustainable development indicators for EU and Romania against the new EU 2030 Agenda. The paper provides an overview of the Sustainable development of Romania. Its main indicators are compared against the values at EU level, resulting in relevant recommendations that can be implemented to meet the goals of EU 2030 Agenda.
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Lyashevskaya, O. N., T. O. Shavrina, I. V. Trofimov, and N. A. Vlasova. "GRAMEVAL 2020 SHARED TASK: RUSSIAN FULL MORPHOLOGY AND UNIVERSAL DEPENDENCIES PARSING." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-553-569.

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The paper presents the results of GramEval 2020, a shared task on Russian morphological and syntactic processing. The objective is to process Russian texts starting from provided tokens to parts of speech (pos), grammatical features, lemmas, and labeled dependency trees. To encourage the multi-domain processing, five genres of Modern Russian are selected as test data: news, social media and electronic communication, wiki-texts, fiction, poetry; Middle Russian texts are used as the sixth test set. The data annotation follows the Universal Dependencies scheme. Unlike in many similar tasks, the collection of existing resources, the annotation of which is not perfectly harmonized, is provided for training, so the variability in annotations is a further source of difficulties. The main metric is the average accuracy of pos, features, and lemma tagging, and LAS. In this report, the organizers of GramEval 2020 overview the task, training and test data, evaluation methodology, submission routine, and participating systems. The approaches proposed by the participating systems and their results are reported and analyzed.
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Chekurov, Sergei. "Teaching Creativity As a Method to Overcome Limitations in Design for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23710.

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Abstract This paper describes the challenges and solutions of modifying a normally contact-reliant Design for Additive Manufacturing teaching approach in view of the COVID-19 outbreak. The approach has been put into practice since 2014 in the form of a student assignment that does not provide a specific functional objective but asks students to invent a unique geometry that demonstrates the capabilities of additive manufacturing and manufacture it with an entry level material extrusion machine. The students are asked to use their imaginations to develop an intricate geometry without first considering technical limitations of additive manufacturing. They are then asked to identify the issues with their designs and solve them, while modifying their original vision as little as possible. The goal of the approach is to teach students to identify the limitations of additive manufacturing and to overcome them with creativity when possible. As physical iterative testing using an additive manufacturing machine is essential to the assignment, the outbreak of COVID-19 had a major influence on it. The paper describes how the assignment was adjusted in the spring of 2020 to meet the challenges of not being able to conduct contact teaching. Although the presented exceptional measures should be avoided as the primary way to educate students, they are shown to facilitate teaching Design for Additive Manufacturing with no access to machines. Notable designs developed by students in 2020 are provided as examples of the generated results.
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Lázár, Viktória. "University Business English Courses Revisited." In 5th International Scientific Conference 2021. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-464-4.18.

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The unexpected transition from in-person to online teaching in the spring of 2020 took university language instructors off guard. The objective of my research is to show that adapting to the new-normal (i.e. unplanned shift to online teaching) had a ripple effect on teaching methods, learning goals, student motivation. The setting of the research is a Business English course at a university in Budapest (Hungary). The autoetnographic research I carried out provides personal reflections both on the objective elements of the course: needs, learning objectives, teaching material and methods and evaluation, and on the affective elements: student motivation and emotions. The findings show that adverse circumstances can force teachers and students not only to set more realistic learning goals, focusing on the most relevant and important materials, but by keeping standards high, to find a new form of motivation.
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Uytdenhouwen, Inge, and Rachid Chaouadi. "NOMAD: Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) System for the Inspection of Operation-Induced Material Degradation in Nuclear Power Plants — Overview of the Neutron Irradiation Campaigns." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21512.

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Abstract Worldwide there are more than 449 nuclear power plants (NPPs) in operation among which 329 reactors are older than 25 years and 94 will be operating for more than 40 years in 2020. Lifetime extensions are requested up to 50–60 years and sometimes even up to 80 years of operation for many existing NPPs. Long-term operation (LTO) of existing NPPs has therefore been accepted in many countries as a strategic objective to ensure supply of electricity for the coming decades. Within this strategy, the European Commission launched the NOMAD project, among others, through the Horizon-2020 programme. The reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) cannot be tested destructively in a direct way, neither can it be replaced. An indirect way is the use of Charpy samples from the so-called surveillance programs. The general strategy on the long term should focus on the ability to perform direct non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of the embrittlement of the vessel. NDE can be used to confirm that the data obtained by surveillance programs are being representative of the real state of the vessel for LTO. Moreover, a generic concern of large nuclear components such as the reactor vessel is the possible material heterogeneity such as macro-segregated regions which could eventually be located in the component but not in the baseline material used as surveillance material. Local non-destructive material inspection and comparison to reference materials in similar irradiation conditions would lead to a better assessment of the properties of the materials at any location of the vessel. The objective of NOMAD is to develop a tool that is capable of non-destructively evaluate the embrittlement of the vessel wall. The final system should be capable of inspecting the microstructure of the materials through the cladding. The tool that will be developed, will use existing and proven nondestructive testing techniques (NDT) with optimized and adjusted sensors. A combination of several techniques based on micro-magnetic, electrical and ultrasonic methods are investigated. Within NOMAD, they are calibrated and validated on a set of existing and newly irradiated samples consisting out of the most common RPV steels from Eastern and Western design, such as 22NiMoCr37, 18MND5, A533-B, A508 Cl.2, A508 Cl.3 and 15kH2NMFA. For the first time, a systematic study on a well-characterized set of samples that correlates the microstructure, mechanical properties, neutron irradiation conditions and non-destructive properties will be carried out. It will not only extend the existing database, but will include issues such as reliability, and uncertainty of the techniques as well as on material heterogeneity. The focus is laid on unbroken Charpy samples and large blocks with and without cladding to “simulate” the actual RPV inspection scenario. This paper gives an overview of the present status of the NOMAD project with focus on the outcome in WP1. The first preliminary NDE results from 6 set-ups and 28 parameters were compared with DBTT results from Charpy impact tests. They are very promising. Final results and detailed analysis will however only be available at the end of the project.
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Trenor, Beatriz, and Gema Prats. "Uso de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en proyectos para la adquisición de competencias transversales con niveles de dominio alto en asignaturas relacionadas con la Bioelectricidad." In IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.12032.

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The the need for greater participation and motivation of university students in the teaching-learning process has led to the concept of project-based learning. By using this methodology, the student works individually and in groups independently, but under the guidance of the teacher. Furthermore, this methodology allows the acquisition of transversal skills with a high level of mastery in subjects of the last year of undergraduate and master degrees. The objective of this work is the design and application of the project-based learning methodology in the subjects of Bioelectronics and Modeling and simulation of bioelectric systems that is capable of integrating the transversal competences "Design and project" (CT05), "Effective communication ”(CT08),“Understanding and integration ”(CT01),“ Analysis and problem solving ”(CT03),“Innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship ”(CT04) and“ Critical thinking ”(CT09), with high levels of mastery. This methodology has been applied throughout the 2019-2020 academic year in these subjects belonging to the Degree in Industrial Electronic and Automatic Engineering and the Master of Biomedical Engineering, respectively, from the Universitat Politècnica de València. The assessment of the students has been very positive and the acquisition of transversal skills has been very satisfactory.
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Navarro Palazón, Julio, and Luis José García-Pulido. "Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol. X (FORTMED2020)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11665.

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FORTMED 2020 is the fifth edition of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. The Conference has been held in March 26th, 27th and 28th 2020 in Granada (Spain), at the Laboratory of Archaeology and Architecture of the City (Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad, LAAC) of the School of Arabic Studies (Escuela de Estudios Árabes, EEA), a research centre that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC). The main objective of FORTMED conferences is to exchange and share knowledge for a better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of the built Cultural Heritage. The focus is on defensive architecture in the Mediterranean area, from the Antiquity to the present day, although it does not exclude other fortifications built overseas but high influenced by those on the Mediterranean.
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Navarro Palazón, Julio, and Luis José García-Pulido. "Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean Vol. XI (FORTMED2020)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11666.

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FORTMED 2020 is the fifth edition of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. The Conference has been held in March 26th, 27th and 28th 2020 in Granada (Spain), at the Laboratory of Archaeology and Architecture of the City (Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad, LAAC) of the School of Arabic Studies (Escuela de Estudios Árabes, EEA), a research centre that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC). The main objective of FORTMED conferences is to exchange and share knowledge for a better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of the built Cultural Heritage. The focus is on defensive architecture in the Mediterranean area, from the Antiquity to the present day, although it does not exclude other fortifications built overseas but high influenced by those on the Mediterranean.
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Reports on the topic "2020-objective"

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Briggs, Steven J. The Army Aviation Objective Force 2020: A Strategic Vision for Transforming US Army Aviation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404192.

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Melnyk, Olesia. MEDIA DISCOURSE AROUND THE FIGURE OF ORIANA FALLACHI AND HER JOURNALISM DURING 2017–2020. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11114.

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The article analyzes the media discourse around the figure of Oriana Fallachi and her journalistic work during 2017-2020. The actual media image of the figure of Fallachi is highlighted, examples of positive and negative statements are given. It is substantiated why her journalism should be researched in various ways, taking into account other aspects of her work that are not related to Islamophobia. The subject of the study is critical texts in modern foreign media dedicated to the author’s work. The objective of the study is to outline the media discourse around the figure of Oriana Fallaci and her journalism during 2017-2020. The methodology. The following methods have been used in the process of scientific research: historical, comparative, systems analysis, content synthesis, and others. The main results. In total, we have analyzed eight materials in foreign publications, published over the past 3 years, as well as the two most famous biographies of Oriana Fallaci. Some of the most recent reviewed texts have been published in the last few months, reflecting the interest in the author’s journalism, her writing, and reporting. Therefore, we see the need for further tracking and analysis of this body of texts. Conclusions. Critics of Fallaci express polar views that are not all negative. Authors re­commend quite cautiously her texts for reading, emphasizing their positive aspects. Both Fallaci’s biographies are also not entirely complementary: some aspects of her work are glorified, others are condemned. We managed to find general tendencies in the criticism of Oriana Fallaci’s journalism. These include accusations of xenophobia and Islamophobia, uncompromisingness, lack of political correctness, and moral value. The authors emphasize, at the same time, the openness and directness that bribe the reader, patriotism and honesty, strength of spirit and firmness of position. Significance of the research. The analysis of the latest criticism reveals what kind of media image Fallachi’s figure has today, and gives the possibility to research it for demonization and one-sided coverage. This is important not only for thorough research of the author’s work but also for understanding how the modern world perceives journalism, which is contrary to the generally accepted principles of political correctness, journalistic ethics, and humanity.
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Olwande, John. Impact of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Kenya – Round 1 Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2020.004.

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Kenya confirmed its first case of COVID-19 on 12 March 2020. Since then, the government has been providing daily updates on the number of new COVID-19 infections, recoveries and deaths in the country, as well as implementing several interventions to manage the disease. The cumulative numbers as of 12 August 2020 were 27,425 new infections, 13,867 recoveries and 438 deaths, and rising. The objective of this assessment was to understand the effects of COVID-19 on the food system and the sub-set of the population largely dependent on agriculture. The findings were intended to inform actions to assure protection of rural livelihoods and the continued supply of adequate and affordable food of acceptable quality to the population.
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Msukwa, Chimwemwe, Jane Burt, and John Colvin. Good Governance in Malawi: Impact evaluation of the ‘Strengthening Land Governance System for Smallholder Farmers in Malawi’ project. Oxfam GB, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7345.

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The EU-funded ‘Strengthening Land Governance System for Smallholder Farmers in Malawi’ project was implemented from 2015 to 2020 by a consortium made up of Oxfam in Malawi, LANDNET (until 2018) and CEPA, with technical support from DAI. The objective was to pilot, test and recommend for scale-up improved gender-sensitive land governance systems. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to achieve the following focal outcomes: (1) By 2019, laws have been enacted that are relevant to the registration and titling of customary estates and are ready for implementation and (2) By 2020, women and men in two or more of the target Group Village Headpersons (GVHs) in Phalombe, Kasungu and Rumphi districts have secure land tenure with supporting land governance structures. Using a process tracing approach, achievement of these focal outcomes and the consortium's contribution were assessed. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Yusgiantoro, Filda Citra, Massita Ayu Cindy, and Diwangkara Bagus Nugraha. Evaluating the New Regulated Gas Pricing Policy for Industrial Customers in Indonesia. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.001.

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The objective of the GoI to regulate an affordable natural gas price through MEMR Regulation No. 8/2020 undoubtedly benefit the industrial sector. However, the regulation should be carefully implemented and monitored to prevent revenue loss in the natural gas business entities and avoid underperforming gas users/industries. The study finds three main issues in implementing the new regulated natural gas price. First, the compensation limit for the upstream natural gas entities is problematic for KKKS, whose annual loss is higher than the annual government take. Second, a detailed incentive mechanism for natural gas transmission and distribution companies is unavailable. And third, the evaluation scheme on the industry’s performance remains unclear.
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Altamirano Montoya, Álvaro, Mariano Bosch, Carolina Cabrita Felix, et al. 2020 Pension Indicators for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002967.

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The PLAC Network's Pension Indicators are a dataset containing information related to the labor markets and pension systems of the nineteen PLAC Network member countries: Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay. The indicators are divided into five main categories: environment, performance, sustainability, society's preparedness for aging and reform, and pension system design. Each one of these categories are divided into a few subcategories as well. These indicators were constructed with the objective of becoming an important tool for the improvement of the following aspects of pension systems: coverage, sufficiency of benefits, financial sustainability, equity and social solidarity, efficiency, and institutional capacity. An important characteristic of this dataset is the comparability of these indicators since it permits the identification of areas of cooperation and knowledge exchange among countries. The dataset is accompanied by a User's Manual, which can be found in this link https://publications.iadb.org/en/users-manual-idb-plac-network-pension-indicators
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Sharova, Iryna. WAYS OF PROMOTING UKRANIAN PUBLISHING HOUSES ON FACEBOOK DURING QUARANTINE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11076.

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The article reviews and analyzes the promotion of Ukrainian publishing houses on Facebook during quarantine in 2020. The study’s main objective is content and its types, which were used for representing on Facebook. We found out that going live and posting a text with a picture was most popular. The phenomenon of live video is tightly connected to the quarantine phenomenon. Though, not every publishing house was able to go live permanently or at least regular. However, simple text with a picture is the most uncomplicated content to post and the most popular. Ukrainian publishers also use UGC (User Generated Content), situational content, and different contexts. The biggest problem for Ukrainian publishers is continual strategic work with social media for promotion. During quarantine, social media became the first channel for communication with customers and subscribers. Therefore promotion on the Internet and in social media indeed should become equivalent to offline promotion.
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Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.

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The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980 to 2020 in Illinois for the following bridge components: deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert, and deck beam. The results show the current Illinois Department of Transportation models are inadequate in forecasting condition ratings, producing overestimates of the transition times between two condition rating levels for these components / systems, except for the deck beam, which is underestimated. It is recommended that the mean transition times found in this study from condition rating histories are used to replace the current models as a short-term solution. Further research is recommended to develop probabilistic models as a long-term solution to address observed significant variation or uncertainty in condition rating and transition times between condition rating levels.
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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera, and Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.

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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.
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Murad, M. Hassan, Stephanie M. Chang, Celia Fiordalisi, et al. Improving the Utility of Evidence Synthesis for Decision Makers in the Face of Insufficient Evidence. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperimproving.

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Background: Healthcare decision makers strive to operate on the best available evidence. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Program aims to support healthcare decision makers by producing evidence reviews that rate the strength of evidence. However, the evidence base is often sparse or heterogeneous, or otherwise results in a high degree of uncertainty and insufficient evidence ratings. Objective: To identify and suggest strategies to make insufficient ratings in systematic reviews more actionable. Methods: A workgroup comprising EPC Program members convened throughout 2020. We conducted interative discussions considering information from three data sources: a literature review for relevant publications and frameworks, a review of a convenience sample of past systematic reviews conducted by the EPCs, and an audit of methods used in past EPC technical briefs. Results: Several themes emerged across the literature review, review of systematic reviews, and review of technical brief methods. In the purposive sample of 43 systematic reviews, the use of the term “insufficient” covered both instances of no evidence and instances of evidence being present but insufficient to estimate an effect. The results of the literature review and review of the EPC Program systematic reviews illustrated the importance of clearly stating the reasons for insufficient evidence. Results of both the literature review and review of systematic reviews highlighted the factors decision makers consider when making decisions when evidence of benefits or harms is insufficient, such as costs, values, preferences, and equity. We identified five strategies for supplementing systematic review findings when evidence on benefit or harms is expected to be or found to be insufficient, including: reconsidering eligible study designs, summarizing indirect evidence, summarizing contextual and implementation evidence, modelling, and incorporating unpublished health system data. Conclusion: Throughout early scoping, protocol development, review conduct, and review presentation, authors should consider five possible strategies to supplement potential insufficient findings of benefit or harms. When there is no evidence available for a specific outcome, reviewers should use a statement such as “no studies” instead of “insufficient.” The main reasons for insufficient evidence rating should be explicitly described.
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