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Duľová Spišáková, Emília, Barbora Gontkovičová, and Andrea Tkáčová. "EDUCATION - THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY." Acta academica karviniensia 15, no. 2 (2015): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2015.017.
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Tao, Weishuo, Jing Cheng, Wenqing Dong, and Jing Wang. "East Asia Lifelong Learning Community 2020: Objective, Organization and Operation." Transition Studies Review 16, no. 2 (2009): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11300-009-0063-4.
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Kryk, Barbara. "The 500+ Family Program and the objective of the Europe 2020 labour market area." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 64, no. 9 (2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.9.06.
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There is huge controversy around the issue of the impact of the 500+ benefit program on the labour market in Poland, especially on the professional activity of women. The effects in this area are not only relevant for the country but also for the European Union as a whole, as they determine the achievement of the employment goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. It was, therefore, decided to examine this issue more closely. The main goal of the article is to investigate how the 500+ benefit affects the supply of female labour force and the achievement of the employment target of the Europe 2020 strategy. The specific objectives: (1) what were the goals of the Polish government in the area of the labour market at the beginning of the implementation of the EU strategy, and what goals are currently in the Strategy for Responsible Development (SOR)? (2) what were the dynamics of female labour supply compared to the changes in the labour market ? (3) what is the significance of the 500+ program for the trends in the labour market ? (4) what loss (if any) for the economy resulted from the reduction of women’s employment generated? The subject of the study is women’s labour supply/employment, and the subject of research is the Polish economy. To achieve the study goals, the desk research method, time series and indicator analysis, and GDP gaps were used. The research period is 2010-2019, with particular emphasis on the period after the introduction of the benefit in 2016. The research conducted shows that adverse changes in the labour force supply of women caused by the 500+ benefits, were offset by the return to the labour market of previously unemployed or inactive people. Thus, the strategic goal related to employment was achieved.
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Kryk, Barbara. "The 500+ Family Program and the objective of the Europe 2020 labour market area." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu 64, no. 9 (2020): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2020.9.06.
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There is huge controversy around the issue of the impact of the 500+ benefit program on the labour market in Poland, especially on the professional activity of women. The effects in this area are not only relevant for the country but also for the European Union as a whole, as they determine the achievement of the employment goal of the Europe 2020 strategy. It was, therefore, decided to examine this issue more closely. The main goal of the article is to investigate how the 500+ benefit affects the supply of female labour force and the achievement of the employment target of the Europe 2020 strategy. The specific objectives: (1) what were the goals of the Polish government in the area of the labour market at the beginning of the implementation of the EU strategy, and what goals are currently in the Strategy for Responsible Development (SOR)? (2) what were the dynamics of female labour supply compared to the changes in the labour market ? (3) what is the significance of the 500+ program for the trends in the labour market ? (4) what loss (if any) for the economy resulted from the reduction of women’s employment generated? The subject of the study is women’s labour supply/employment, and the subject of research is the Polish economy. To achieve the study goals, the desk research method, time series and indicator analysis, and GDP gaps were used. The research period is 2010-2019, with particular emphasis on the period after the introduction of the benefit in 2016. The research conducted shows that adverse changes in the labour force supply of women caused by the 500+ benefits, were offset by the return to the labour market of previously unemployed or inactive people. Thus, the strategic goal related to employment was achieved.
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Finney Rutten, Lila J., Kelly D. Blake, Alexandra J. Greenberg-Worisek, Summer V. Allen, Richard P. Moser, and Bradford W. Hesse. "Online Health Information Seeking Among US Adults: Measuring Progress Toward a Healthy People 2020 Objective." Public Health Reports 134, no. 6 (2019): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919874074.
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Objective: During the past decade, the availability of health information online has increased dramatically. We assessed progress toward the Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) health communication and health information technology objective of increasing the proportion of health information seekers who easily access health information online. Methods: We used data from 4 administrations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2008-2017) (N = 18 103). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate trends over time in experiences with accessing health information and to examine differences by sociodemographic variables (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, metropolitan status) separately for those who used the internet (vs other information sources) during their most recent search for health information. Results: Among US adults who looked for health information and used the internet for their most recent search, the percentage who reported accessing health information without frustration was stable during the study period (from 37.2% in 2008 to 38.5% in 2017). Accessing information online without frustration was significantly and independently associated with age 35-49 (vs age 18-34) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 -1.73), non-Hispanic black (vs non-Hispanic white) race/ethnicity (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.55-2.97), and annual household income <$20 000 (vs >$75 000) (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.93). The percentage of adults who used an information source other than the internet and reported accessing health information online without frustration ranged from 31.3% in 2008 to 42.7% in 2017. Survey year 2017 (vs 2008) (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.35) and high school graduate education (vs college graduate) (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97) were significantly and independently associated with accessing health information without frustration from sources other than the internet. Conclusions: The percentage of online health information seekers reporting easily accessing health information did not meet the HP2020 objective. Continued efforts are needed to enable easy access to online health information among diverse populations.
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Artmann, Uwe. "VCX Version 2020 - Further development of a transparent and objective evaluation scheme for mobile phone cameras." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 9 (2021): 204–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.9.iqsp-204.
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VCX or Valued Camera eXperience is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the objective and transparent evaluation of mobile phone cameras. The members continuously work on the development of a test scheme that can provide an objective score for the camera performance. Every device is tested for a variety of image quality factors while these typically based on existing standards. Tests include texture loss, resolution, low light performance, shooting time lag, image stabilisation performance and more, all for a variety of different capture conditions. This paper presents that latest development with the newly released version 2020 and the process behind it.
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Hung, Mei-Chuan, Donatus U. Ekwueme, Arica White, et al. "Estimating health benefits and cost-savings for achieving the Healthy People 2020 objective of reducing invasive colorectal cancer." Preventive Medicine 106 (January 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.022.
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Viorica Mădălina, Manu. "Sailing in the Storm in 2020, The Business to Consumer Case." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 7, no. 2 (2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.72.1003.
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This chapter analyses factors that add value to the businesses in 2020, especially the new businesses from the digital economy. Many Romanian companies fight hard to find their way to success (or survival) in the absence of one valuable objective of the business and in this chapter we will analyze them. This chapter researches the enterprise value and its determinants, in order to understand the ways to increase the company value, while considering Jensen’s theory of value maximization as the single important objective of a company.
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Yanling, Chen, Wu Haiyan, Sun Weimin, and Huang Lan. "Factors Analysis and Policy Suggestions for China's Objective by 2020--Non-fossil Energy Accounts for 15% of Total Energy Consumption." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.073.
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Ahmar, Ansari Saleh, and R. Rusli. "Will Covid-19 cases in the World reach 4 million? a forecasting approach using SutteARIMA." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 4, no. 3 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.4.3.389.
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The objective of this study was to determine whether Covid-19 cases in the world would have reached 4 million cases with the SutteARIMA method forecasting approach. Data from this study were obtained from the Worldometer from 1 March 2020 to 05 May 2020. Data were used for data fitting from 1 March 2020 to 28 April 2020 (29 April 2020 – 05 May 2020). The data fitting is used to see the extent of the accuracy of the SutteARIMA method when predicting data. The MAPE method is used to see the level of data accuracy. Results of forecasting data for the period from 29 April 2020 to 05 May 2020: 72,731; 84,666; 92,297; 100,797; 84,312; 81,517; 74845. The accuracy of SutteARIMA for the period 30 April 2020 – 06 May 2020 shall be 0.069%. Forecast results for as many as 4 million cases, namely from 08 May 2020 to 10 May 2020: 3,966,786; 4,047,328 and 4,127,747. The SutteARIMA method predicts that 4 million cases of Covid-19 in the world will be reported on the WHO situation report on the day 110/111 or 09 May 2020/10 May 2020.
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Armas Quintá, Francisco José, and José Carlos Macía Arce. "The Information Society in Europe: Policies to Stem the Digital Divide." Quaestiones Geographicae 32, no. 2 (2013): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0011.
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Abstract A Digital Agenda for Europe is one of the seven flagship initiatives of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The main objective of this initiative consists of promoting ICT, especially the Internet, as a strategic tool to improve business, healthcare services, transport and social activity in a better global standard-of-living context. The Europe 2020 Strategy recommends broadband access for all European citizens by 2013 and higher Internet speeds (30 Mbps or above) by 2020. Nevertheless, what is the real position in the European regional and urban context? This article attempts to describe and explain the current situation and trends in relation to the Europe 2020 Strategy initiative.
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Saptono, Prianto Budi, and Cyntia Ayudia. "Income Tax Issues on the Omnibus Law and Its Implications in Indonesia." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 12, no. 2 (2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v12n2.p164-178.
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This research has two objectives. The first objective is to analyze the issue of income tax policy based on the idea of taxation omnibus law. In 2020, Law No. 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax was amended twice as stipulated in Law No. 2 of 2020 and Law No. 11 of 2020 (Job Creation Law). The second objective is to analyze the implications of income tax policy changes on taxation practices in Indonesia. This research is a descriptive qualitative study using data collection techniques in documentation and literature studies. The research concludes that the omnibus law policy aims to encourage domestic investment funding. Income tax issues in Law No. 2 of 2020 include lowering the corporate income tax rate and imposing taxes on trade through an electronic system. Besides, the issue of income tax in Law No. 11 of 2020 includes tax subjects' determination, the territorial system's adoption, tax objects' exclusion, and changes to the provisions on dividends. The implication of the change in income tax policy on taxation practices is that taxes distort the economy. The delegation of regulations for reducing income tax rates to the government through government regulations creates legal uncertainty. Thus, it is necessary to have tax regulations with minimal complexity, not overlap, provide legal certainty, and further encourage voluntary tax compliance.
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Yingling, Marissa E., Liza M. Creel, and Bethany A. Bell. "Assessing the Healthy People 2020 Objective to Expand Early Treatment Receipt Among a National Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 41, no. 5 (2020): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000786.
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Rasouli, Melody A., Christopher de Haydu, Angela H. Liu, et al. "HAVE ONCOFERTILITY INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS IMPROVED? OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF INTERNET BASED FERTILITY PRESERVATION RESOURCES AT NCI CANCER CENTERS FROM 2015-2020." Fertility and Sterility 114, no. 3 (2020): e253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.10.011.
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Mattioli, Gianni, and Massimo Scalia. "Rinnovabili e/o nucleare. Come l'energia puň combattere i cambiamenti climatici." PRISMA Economia - Società - Lavoro, no. 3 (November 2009): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pri2009-003004.
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- The new point of view in climatology, that tells us of abrupt climate change (2002), has compelled the world scientific community to ask the G8 of Gleneagles (2005) for a "prompt action" in order to face the dramatic link energy/climate change properly. This request has already become a matter of policy decisions, see the "three 20%" stated by European Union as the objective at 2020 and the 150 billions of dollars program of Obama. What's the role, in this perspective, of renewable energy sources and nuclear one? The present paper shows the inconsistency of the "nuclear renaissance" and the incompatibility, specially for our country, between the nuclear choice launched by the Italian government and the 2020 EU objective, mainly but not only for economical reasons.
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Molle, Willem. "Competitiveness, Emu and Cohesion Experiences in the Past (2000–2013); Assessment of the Present (2014–2020) and Lessons for the Future (2020 and Beyond)." International Journal of Management and Economics 44, no. 1 (2014): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2015-0008.
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Abstract The European Union has adopted several strategies to cope with a set of inter-related problems. The best known is the Europe 2020 strategy with its focus on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Another is fostering balanced macro growth via a strengthening of the EMU. Finally the cohesion policy has to cope with spatial unbalances. The objective of this paper is to highlight the main issues in three policy fields: competitiveness, EMU and cohesion.1 Two scenarios for post 2020 development are described, which show the need for further strengthening of EU policies and of the quality of government at all levels.
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Abanikannda, M. O., and D. A. Adekomi. "Nigeria’s development process, methodology and milestones planned for VISION 20:2020 - 13 years after." Research Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 2 (2021): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v9i2.6.
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Since after independence in Nigeria in 1960, the country has been fighting for good governance and a capable state in terms of economic and socioeconomic. The Nigeria development programs have been implemented to achieve the objectives. In 2009, the government of Nigeria embarked upon vision 2020, the ambition to position Nigeria to become one of the top 20 economic in the world national development by 2020 by linking the objective of the National Economic and Empowerment Development Strategy(NEEDS) and the seven-point agenda. However, there are certain questions that need to be asked such as; how much the vision 2020 myth is becoming reality; how has Nigeria performed in terms of good governance and a capable state as far as vision 2020 is concerned.
 Keywords: government of Nigeria, good governance, vision 2020, national development, ambition and capable state
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Blah, Montgomery. "Commitments Inked in Paris: Can India Deliver by 2020?" India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 72, no. 4 (2016): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928416671589.
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The Paris Agreement on Climate Change was adopted at the close of the 21st Conference of Party on 12 December 2015. This agreement has been approved after a marathon negotiation in which parties under the aegis of the United Nations have finally agreed on the terms and conditions to implement it by 2020. The prime objective of the Paris Agreement is to ensure member states of the United Nations take appropriate and concrete actions in combating the menace of climate change that poses a challenging threat to humanity. It includes keeping temperature rise below 2°C by this century and limiting the temperature increase even further to 1.5°C above the pre-industrial levels. India has announced voluntary pledges during the conference which include carbon intensity growth by 33–35 per cent over the 2005 level, to raise the share of non-fossil fuel power to 40 per cent by 2030 and to produce 175 gigawatt (GW) of renewable power by 2022. Hence, the basic objective of this article is to examine India’s commitments and its initiatives to combat climate change in line with the Paris framework agreement to be implemented by 2020 and also to highlight the implications and drawbacks which India confronted.
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Haux, Reinhold, Marion J. Ball, William R. Hersh, et al. "The International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI): 2020 Report." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 30, no. 01 (2021): 008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726479.
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Objectives: To summarize the major activities of the International Academy of Health Sciences Informatics (IAHSI) in the 2020 time period and to welcome its 2020 Class of Fellows. Method: Report from the members of the Academy’s Board. Results: Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, both Plenary meetings in 2020 had to be organized as virtual meetings. Scientific discussions, focusing on mobilizing computable biomedical knowledge and on data standards and interoperability formed major parts of these meetings. A statement on the use of informatics in pandemic situations was elaborated and sent to the World Health Organization. A panel on data standards and interoperability started its work. 34 Fellows were welcomed in the 2020 Class of Fellows so that the Academy now consists of 179 members. Conclusions: There was a shift from supporting to strategic activities in the Academy’s work. After having achieved organizational stability, the Academy can now focus on its strategic work and so on its main objective.
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Li, Fangyu, Wei Qin, Min Zhu, and Jianping Jia. "Model-Based Projection of Dementia Prevalence in China and Worldwide: 2020–2050." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 4 (2021): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210493.
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Background: Current and future incidence and prevalence estimates of dementia are essential for public health planning. Objective: The objective was to establish prediction model of incidence and estimate the prevalence of dementia in the Chinese and worldwide population from 2020 to 2050. Methods: A model-based method was used to project the dementia prevalence from 2020 to 2050 in China, which required incidence, the mortality rate for individual without dementia, and the relative risk of death. Furthermore, we detected the impact of intervention on the prevalence projection for dementia using a simulation method. We applied the same method to other projections worldwide. Results: In 2020, the model predicted 16.25 million (95%confidence interval 11.55–21.18) persons with dementia in China. By 2050, this number would increase by approximately three-fold to 48.98 million (38.02–61.73). Through data simulation, if the incidence of dementia decreased by 10%every 10 years from 2020 after intervention and prevention, the number of dementia cases by 2050 was reduced by 11.96 million. This would reduce the economic burden by US $639.04 billion. In addition, using this model, dementia cases grew relatively slowly over the next few decades in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Japan, with percentage changes of 100.88%, 65.93%, and 16.20%, respectively. Conclusion: The number of people with dementia in China is large and will continue to increase rapidly. Effective interventions could reduce the number of patients drastically. Therefore, prevention and control strategies must be formulated urgently to reduce the occurrence of dementia.
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Guan, Haopeng, Lihua Chen, Shuping Huang, Cheng Yan, and Yan Wang. "Multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources based on ‘three red lines’ in Qinzhou, China." Water Policy 22, no. 4 (2020): 541–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.131.
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Abstract Water shortages and pollution emerge because of anthropogenic demands. Since 2011, ‘China's Most Stringent Water Resources Management’ (CMSWRM) has been comprehensively enacted in the country. This paper presents the characteristics of the ‘three red lines’ (TRL) and a multi-objective optimal allocation model based on the TRL constraint, considering the benefits for society, the economy, and the environment. This model had been applied to the reasonable allocation of water supply and demand in Qinzhou for the planning years of 2020 and 2030. Two water resource allocation scenarios for these years were configured by setting different chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations for wastewater discharge in the municipal, secondary, tertiary, and agricultural sectors. The gamultiobj function based on the NSGA-II algorithm was used to solve the model in MATLAB. The results indicate that if COD concentrations in each sector are not reduced, then restrictions on domestic water sources will be necessary, both in 2020 and 2030. The two water resource allocation scenarios in 2020 and 2030 can provide a reference for decision-makers in Qinzhou to implement CMSWRM.
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Mirzaei, Abasat, Rasoul Raesi, Sam Saghari, and Mehdi Raei. "Evaluation of Family Caregiver Burden among COVID-19 Patients." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (2020): 808–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010808.
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Background: Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses from the Coronaviridae family. Not only do the coronaviruses disrupt patients' lives, but they also affect caregivers. This study aimed to assess the burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients discharged from a hospital in eastern Iran. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 210 family caregivers of COVID-19 inpatients and outpatients. A total of 210 COVID-19 patients referred to 22nd-Bahman Hospital of Khaf from March 2020 to June 2020 were selected via simple randomization. Data were collected using the Zarit caregiver burden scale and a demographics form. Results: The care burden scores were 83.2% and 80.9% in the family caregivers of inpatients and outpatients, respectively, indicating the severity of care burden for COVID-19 patients. The mean scores of objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden were significantly higher in male family caregivers and caregivers of inpatients than in female caregivers and caregivers of outpatients [p <0.01]. Conclusion: The high objective, subjective, and subjective-objective caregiver burden in family caregivers is an alarm for mental health policy-makers. Therefore, healthcare managers need to consider plans and measures to reduce the care burden of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients.
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Puślecki, Zdzisław W. "The regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020." Rocznik Europeistyczny 5 (September 4, 2020): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2450-274x.5.2.
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In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the regional perspective of the knowledge-based economy and Europe 2020. The Europe 2020 programme is the European Union’s growth strategy for the coming decade and especially for new budget perspective 2014–2020. In a changing world, representatives of the EU want it to become a smart, sustainable, and inclusive economy. These three mutually reinforcing priorities should help the EU and its Member States deliver high levels of employment, productivity, and social cohesion. Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objectives — on employment, innovation, education, social inclusion, and climate/energy — to be reached by 2020. Each Member State has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas. Concrete actions at EU and national levels underpin this strategy. The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge-based economy from the regional perspective and the program Europe 2020. The particular main concern is the increase of the importance of the knowledge-based economy in the region, the Triple Helix model constructed advantages, programme Europe 2020 and financial instrument of this programme — Horizon 2020.
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Sun, Qianqian, Shurui Xu, Shuai Guo, Yue You, Rui Xia, and Jiao Liu. "Effects of Combined Physical Activity and Cognitive Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (April 29, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8882961.
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Background. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized as the earliest prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Emerging studies explored the effects of combined physical activity and cognitive training interventions on cognitive ability, psychological well-being, and emotion of older adults with SCD, but the results are now still controversial. Objective. This study systematically evaluated the enhancement effects of the combined physical-cognitive interventions on memory self-efficacy, objective cognitive function, psychological well-being, and emotion of older adults with SCD. Methods. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang degree and conference papers database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical (VIP) databases from their inception to 28 February 2020, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library, 2020, Issue 3), and the reference lists of all retrieved articles were searched. Data analysis and bias risk evaluation were conducted in 2020. Two reviewers (SG and YY) independently evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies using the RoB 2 tool. Results. Eleven RCTs involving 1713 participants with SCD (age 68.0 ± 6.1) were included for review and meta-analysis. The interventions in the included studies were physical activity combined with cognitive training. Multiple-modality exercise with mind-motor training, supervised strategy-based memory training sequentially after stationary cycling, Dejian Mind-Body intervention, and physical activity and cognitive stimulation were also practiced. Conclusions. Compared to the active or nonactive control groups, the combined interventions are effective in improving objective cognitive function in SCD which may show the potential value of combined physical-cognitive interventions in improving objective cognitive ability and preventing the conversion of SCD to MCI or AD and no adverse effects. However, owing to the limitations of the included studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.
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Locatelli, Isabella, and Valentin Rousson. "A first analysis of excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253505.
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Objective To quantify excess all-cause mortality in Switzerland in 2020, a key indicator for assessing direct and indirect consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using official data on deaths in Switzerland, all-cause mortality in 2020 was compared with that of previous years using directly standardized mortality rates, age- and sex-specific mortality rates, and life expectancy. Results The standardized mortality rate was 8.8% higher in 2020 than in 2019, returning to the level observed 5–6 years before, around the year 2015. This increase was greater for men (10.6%) than for women (7.2%) and was statistically significant only for men over 70 years of age, and for women over 75 years of age. The decrease in life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 was 0.7%, with a loss of 9.7 months for men and 5.3 months for women. Conclusions There was an excess mortality in Switzerland in 2020, linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, as this excess only concerned the elderly, the resulting loss of life expectancy was restricted to a few months, bringing the mortality level back to 2015.
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Vance, Ashlee J., Kathryn J. Malin, Bingxin Chen, Clayton J. Shuman, and Tiffany A. Moore. "Impacts of Neonatal Hospitalization on Families during the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic." American Journal of Perinatology 38, no. 11 (2021): 1201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731649.
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Objective Limited data are available regarding family and financial well-being among parents whose infants were hospitalized during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The study objective was to evaluate the family and financial well-being of parents whose infants were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during COVID-19. Study Design Parents were recruited for this online, cross-sectional survey via support groups on social media. Data collection was completed between May 18, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The final sample consisted of 178 parents, who had an infant hospitalized in an NICU between February 1, 2020 and July 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were impact on family life and financial stability, as measured by the Impact on Family scale, an instrument that evaluates changes to family life as a result of infant or childhood illness. Results Of the 178 parent respondents, 173 (97%) were mothers, 107 (59.4%) were non-Hispanic White, and 127 (69.5%) of the infants were born prematurely. Parents reported significant family impact and greater financial difficulty. Extremely premature infants, lower household income, parent mental health, and lower parental confidence were predictive of greater impacts on family life. Conclusion Parents reported significant family and financial impacts during their infant's hospitalization amid COVID-19. Further studies are needed to guide clinical practice and inform family-supportive resources that can mitigate consequences to family well-being. Key Points
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Kumar, Sachin, and Karan Veer. "Forecasting of Covid-19 Cases Using Machine Learning Approach." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 16, no. 4 (2021): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x17666210129131009.
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Aims: The objective of this research is to predict the covid-19 cases in India based on the machine learning approaches. Background: Covid-19, a respiratory disease caused by one of the coronavirus family members, has led to a pandemic situation worldwide in 2020. This virus was detected firstly in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. This viral disease has taken less than three months to spread across the globe. Objective: In this paper, we proposed a regression model based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to forecast the number of deaths, the number of recovered cases, and total confirmed cases for the next 30 days. Method: For prediction, the data was collected from Github and the ministry of India's health and family welfare from March 14, 2020, to December 3, 2020. The model has been designed in Python 3.6 in Anaconda to forecast the forecasting value of corona trends until September 21, 2020. The proposed methodology is based on the prediction of values using SVM based regression model with polynomial, linear, rbf kernel. The dataset has been divided into train and test datasets with 40% and 60% test size and verified with real data. The model performance parameters were evaluated as a mean square error, mean absolute error, and percentage accuracy. Results and Conclusion: The results show that the polynomial model has obtained 95% above accuracy score, linear scored above 90%, and rbf scored above 85% in predicting cumulative death, conformed cases, and recovered cases.
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Colomo Magaña, Ernesto, and Francisco Esteban Bara. "La Universidad Europea: entre Bolonia y la Agenda 2020." Revista Española de Educación Comparada, no. 36 (July 1, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reec.36.2020.26179.
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Born as a meeting place for intellectuals and those who aspired to be, the confrontation between the humanist conception of the university, rooted in knowledge, and pragmatic, linked to social demand, has meant that, since its origins, the university has been in constant transformation in order to respond to the needs that social reality has claimed. In a context of global economic crisis, the European university model opted for training aimed primarily at access to the labor market, making the declaration of Bologna and the European Higher Education Area the response of a large group of European countries that are committed to building quality, diversity and competitiveness training. However, the adaptation to the common requirements did not resolve the crisis, the European Commission having to establish supranational objectives (Agenda 2020) that will ensure the increase in the rate of young people with higher degrees. Through the comparative method, the progress and status of the fulfillment of said strategic objective for 2020 at the level of the European Union and the participating countries are analyzed, taking into account the reality of the Spanish state in detail. The results reflect that, considering the 2018 data and the progressive growth achieved, the rate of graduates in the European Union will exceed the value stipulated in the 2020 Agenda, with countries that exceed or match the specific objectives set and others that do not. The data in Spain do not ensure the achievement of the specific objective, it being significant that there is a higher rate of women and universities graduates from northern Spain, together with the community of Madrid. In conclusion, underline the need to consider other aspects besides the rate of graduates in Higher Education if a smart, sustainable and inclusive European economy is to be achieved.
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Vik, Mari Hagtvedt, and Erik Carlquist. "Measuring subjective well-being for policy purposes: The example of well-being indicators in the WHO “Health 2020” framework." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 2 (2017): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817724952.
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Aims: This article discusses the rationale for measuring national well-being, and examines the use of subjectively oriented well-being measures in the context of public policy. Recent years have witnessed growing attention towards the concept and measurement of well-being, both within academic disciplines, intergovernmental organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) as well as in many governments across Europe, including the Nordic countries. Economic indicators have commonly been regarded as proxies of societal progress of nations, but indicators of well-being have increasingly been applied in order to complement or replace these measures. Methods: Well-being indicators of the WHO “Health 2020” framework are critically examined with particular attention given to the subjective aspects of well-being. Literature discussing the rationale for subjective indicators is reviewed. As a background, central theoretical and measurement perspectives on well-being are outlined, including hedonic, eudaimonic and objective list approaches. Results: The WHO refers to well-being in definitions of health and mental health, but has primarily reported on disease. The “Health 2020” framework marked a shift in this concern. One of the main targets of “Health 2020” concerns well-being, involving six core indicators. Only one indicator refers to well-being as subjective experience. Literature supports more extensive use of subjective indicators in combination with objective measures. Conclusions: Although consensus on definitions and instruments is lacking, subjective and objective measures of national well-being may jointly contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of societal progress, as well as a broader conception of health. Further research is required, particularly with regard to eudaimonic indicators.
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Hanlon, Joseph T., and Jennifer Tjia. "Avoiding Adverse Drug Withdrawal Events When Stopping Unnecessary Medications According to the STOPPFrail Criteria." Senior Care Pharmacist 36, no. 3 (2021): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4140/tcp.n.2021.136.
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Objective To provide clinicians with information about avoiding adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs) when discontinuing unnecessary medications as per the STOPPFrail criteria. Data Sources Searches of MEDLINE (1970-June 2020), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (through June 2020), Google Scholar (through June 2020). Study Selection Reviews and original studies of ADWEs. Data Extraction Tapering protocols for specific drugs/ classes from randomized controlled deprescribing trials. Data Synthesis Six drug classes were identified as being high risk for physiological ADWEs. Conclusion The occurrence of ADWEs is rare in comparison to adverse drug reactions in older adults. Few drugs/classes have been reported to have physiological ADWEs with abrupt discontinuation. For these we provide information about tapering protocols and symptom monitoring to avoid ADWEs.
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Tololiu, Clerensia L., Grace A. J. Rumagit, and Joachim N. K. Dumais. "ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH KACANG TANAH PADA USAHA KACANG BAWANG “MARINDI” DI KOTA MANADO (ANALYZING THE VALUES ADDED OF THE PEANUTS ON ONION BEAN BUSINESS “MARINDI” IN MANADO CITY)." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 17, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.17.1.2021.32262.
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The objective of this research is to determine the added value of the peanut processing beans onion bean business in Manado City. This research was conducted from January 2020 to February 2020. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from direct interviews with business owner and employers in “Marindi” onion bean business. The data analysis used calculation of cost, revenue and added value from beans into onion beans. The research result showed that by using 1 kg of beans aan raw material, the onion bean business produces added value Rp. 58. 467,00.
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Jauhari, Shreya, and Fran Foster. "An audit during COVID-19: monitoring of CMHT-patient contact and physical health assessments in a rural Welsh setting." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (2021): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.263.
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AimsThe enforcement of lockdowns and restrictions on non-essential contact have changed Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) practice. Therefore, this audit carried out its 4th cycle of physical health monitoring for patients on antipsychotics with severe mental illness (SMI) under the CMHT during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to observe its impact on physical health monitoring. In addition, with the increased use of telepsychiatry substituting routine face-to-face appointments during the pandemic, this audit also reviews the effect of lockdown on maintenance of contact between CMHT and people with SMI.Primary Objective: to compare the current clinical practice with the standards derived from NICE guidelines which include parameters like weight, body-mass index, blood pressure, ECG and blood tests, then compare with the previous three audit cycles, which collected identical data.Secondary Objective: to monitor amount of contact between healthcare staff and people with SMI on antipsychotics during the three months of Welsh lockdown and compare current clinical practice with the clinical practice achieved in the identical period in 2019.MethodMethod for Primary Objective: Clinical practice on physical health checks were split into 10 standards derived from the NICE guidelines (NICEQS80, Quality Standard 6). Data collection surrounding physical health checks of patients on antipsychotics from 26th June 2019 to 26th June 2020 were collected and compared with the previous three audit cycles, which collected identical data.Method for Secondary Objective: Retrospective data surrounding amount and type of contact between CMHT and people with SMI was collected from 26th March 2020 to 26th June 2020, a period of enforced lockdown in Wales, and compared with the identical period in 2019.ResultThe audit iterates trends over the last 4 cycles (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020). The current audit cycle increased in 2/10 standards and decreased in 8/10 standards, compared with the average compliance in the 3 previous audit cycles. Out of the 10 derived standards, certain standards fared worse than others.There was a 79% increase in the number of staff-patient contact during the lockdown period. The majority of the contact in 2019 was face-to-face (84.31%), however, as expected, in 2020 the majority of the contact was non face-to-face (61.75%). However, this was accompanied by an 85.79%ConclusionDespite being in a pandemic, patient contact was maintained. Physical health monitoring has decreased in the majority of standards, therefore greater attention is needed to address this. Recommendations are provided in the audit.
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Rodriguez-Ramos, Miguel Alejandro. "Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Performance Measures in Acute Myocardial Infarction." Kardiologiia 61, no. 3 (2021): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.3.n1496.
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Objective To assess performance measures of attention of STEMI in Coronary Intensive Care Unit in General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos.Methods Admitted patients with STEMI, from February-April 2020, were compared with patients from similar period from 2015–2019, and patients from January 2019 to January 2020. Primary endpoint were performance measures according to the 2017 AHA / ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with STEMI document, and secondary endpoint were all-cause in-hospital mortality and major acute coronary events.Results Only 35 patients were admitted from February-April 2020. When comparing with similar periods from recent years, in-hospital death (8.3 % vs. 20 %; p=0.03), major complications (38.7 % vs. 57.1 %; p=0.03), and cardiogenic shock (6.9 % vs. 17.4 %; p=0.04) were significantly higher. When comparing with 2019 and January 2020, in-hospital death (9.6 %; p=0.04), and major complications (35.8 % p=0.03) were significantly higher in February-April 2020; however, there was no difference in prevalence of cardiogenic shock (8 %; p=0.12).Conclusion COVID-19 pandemic had decreased prevalence of STEMI, as well as some performance measures of attention in this center.
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Hirai, Kota, and Hiroyuki Mochizuki. "Commentary on Japanese Pediatric Guideline for the Treatment and Management of Asthma 2020 Chapter 5 Objective evaluation of asthma: lung function and biomarkers." Nihon Shoni Arerugi Gakkaishi. The Japanese Journal of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology 35, no. 3 (2021): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3388/jspaci.35.256.
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Felthun, Jonathan Zachary, Silas Taylor, Boaz Shulruf, and Digby Wigram Allen. "Empirical analysis comparing the tele-objective structured clinical examination (teleOSCE) and the in-person assessment in Australia." Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 18 (September 23, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.23.
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Purpose: It aimed to compare the use of the tele objective structured clinical examination (teleOSCE) with in-person assessment in high-stakes clinical examination so as to determine the impact of the teleOSCE on the assessment undertaken. Discussion follows regarding what skills and domains can effectively be assessed in a teleOSCE. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational analysis. It compares the results achieved by final year medical students in their clinical examination, assessed using the teleOSCE in 2020 (n=285), with those who were examined using the traditional in-person format in 2019 (n=280). The study was undertaken at the University of New South Wales, Australia.Results: In the domain of physical examination, students in 2020 scored 0.277 points higher than those in 2019 (mean difference –0.277, P<0.001, effect size 0.332). Across all other domains, there was no significant difference in mean scores between 2019 and 2020.Conclusion: The teleOSCE does not negatively impact assessment in clinical examination in all domains except physical examination. If the teleOSCE is the future of clinical skills examination, assessment of physical examination will require concomitant workplace-based assessment.
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Bachtiger, Patrik, Alexander Adamson, Ji-Jian Chow, Rupa Sisodia, Jennifer K. Quint, and Nicholas S. Peters. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Uptake of Influenza Vaccine: UK-Wide Observational Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 4 (2021): e26734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26734.
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Background In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the UK National Health Service (NHS) extended eligibility for influenza vaccination this season to approximately 32.4 million people (48.8% of the population). Knowing the intended uptake of the vaccine will inform supply and public health messaging to maximize vaccination. Objective The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceptance of influenza vaccination in the 2020-2021 season, specifically focusing on people who were previously eligible but routinely declined vaccination and newly eligible people. Methods Intention to receive the influenza vaccine in 2020-2021 was asked of all registrants of the largest electronic personal health record in the NHS by a web-based questionnaire on July 31, 2020. Of those who were either newly or previously eligible but had not previously received an influenza vaccination, multivariable logistic regression and network diagrams were used to examine their reasons to undergo or decline vaccination. Results Among 6641 respondents, 945 (14.2%) were previously eligible but were not vaccinated; of these, 536 (56.7%) intended to receive an influenza vaccination in 2020-2021, as did 466 (68.6%) of the newly eligible respondents. Intention to receive the influenza vaccine was associated with increased age, index of multiple deprivation quintile, and considering oneself to be at high risk from COVID-19. Among those who were eligible but not intending to be vaccinated in 2020-2021, 164/543 (30.2%) gave reasons based on misinformation. Of the previously unvaccinated health care workers, 47/96 (49%) stated they would decline vaccination in 2020-2021. Conclusions In this sample, COVID-19 has increased acceptance of influenza vaccination in previously eligible but unvaccinated people and has motivated substantial uptake in newly eligible people. This study is essential for informing resource planning and the need for effective messaging campaigns to address negative misconceptions, which is also necessary for COVID-19 vaccination programs.
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Anita Christiani, Theresia. "Potential Legal Conflict For The Implementation Of Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 65 /POJK.04/2020." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 10, no. 1 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2021.v10.i01.p02.
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Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 65 / POJK .04 / 2020 was promulgated to increase effectiveness and justice in law enforcement in the capital market sector. The form of legal protection regulated is the Return of Unauthorized Profits and the Investor Loss Compensation Fund (Disgorgement Fund). The research objective in this paper is to find potential legal conflicts that arise in the implementation of the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 65 / POJK .04 / 2020. The research method, this type of research is normative juridical research, which uses secondary data. The findings obtained are that there are two potential legal conflicts. First, there is a potential conflict between the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 65 / POJK .04 / 2020 and Law Number 37 of 2004. Second, the Potential Conflict between the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 65 / POJK. 04/2020 with Law Number 37 the Year 2004 and Law Number 40 the Year 2007, which will obstruct legal objectives.
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Sharma, Shiv Shankar, Daljeet Kaur, Taranjeet Kaur Chawla, and Vaishali Kapoor. "Information Sharing through Twitter by Public Health care Institution during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of AIIMS, Raipur." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 1 (2021): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i01.026.
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Background: During the time of COVID 19, public health care institutions have used social media to inform and aware society. Aim & Objective: To analyze how Public Health Care Institutes conveyed the health information and messages through social media platform- Twitter during COVID 19, and analyzing its impact through sentiment analysis of comments. Material & Methods: The Thematic and sentiment analysis method has been used to analyze the data of the Twitter handle of AIIMS, Raipur in two phases; January-March 2020, and April-June 2020. Results: The analysis shows that the sharing of COVID-19 updates on AIIMS, Raipur Twitter handle increased the followers 15 times from 2,000+ in March 2020 to 30,000+ in June 2020, and the sentiment analysis reflects that COVID related updates received 96.7 % positive comments. Conclusion: The case study finds that transparent and informative message sharing through social media by public health care institutions can create an effective channel of communication. This results in a positive institutional image.
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Kolesnyk, M. O., N. I. Kozlyuk, and O. O. Razvazhaeva. "Analysis of the status of providing specialized medical and preventive care to nephrological patients in Ukraine in 2020." Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, no. 2(70) (June 30, 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(70).2021.01.
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Objective: rating evaluation of specialized medical and preventive care for renal patients in different regions of Ukraine and Kyiv in 2020 using the method of complex statistical coefficients. 
 Methods. The basis for rating determination was the analysis of the components of specialized medical care for nephrological patients. 
 The source of information was the data from the National Register of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Patients with Acute Kidney Injury in 2020.
 Results. The rating of the regions of Ukraine and Kyiv in terms of specialized medical and preventive care for nephrological patients in 2020 has been determined.
 Conclusions: The status of specialized medical and preventive care for nephrological patients during 2020 has worsened in 13, in 5 remained unchanged, and only in 7 regions has improved.
 It is necessary to plan at least a 3-year program of implementation of governmental and regional measures to improve specialized medical and preventive care for nephrological patients.
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Wong, Eric K. C., Trina Thorne, Carole Estabrooks, and Sharon E. Straus. "Recommendations from long-term care reports, commissions, and inquiries in Canada." F1000Research 10 (February 10, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.43282.1.
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Background: Multiple long-term care (LTC) reports have issued similar recommendations for improvement across Canadian LTC homes. Our primary objective was to identify the most common recommendations made over the past 10 years. Our secondary objective was to estimate the total cost of studying LTC issues repeatedly from 1998 to 2020. Methods: The qualitative and cost analyses were conducted in Canada from July to October 2020. Using a list of reports, inquiries and commissions from The Royal Society of Canada Working Group on Long-Term Care, we coded recurrent recommendations in LTC reports. We contacted the sponsoring organizations for a cost estimate, including direct and indirect costs. All costs were adjusted to 2020 Canadian dollar values. Results: Of the 80 Canadian LTC reports spanning the years of 1998 to 2020, 24 (30%) were based on a national level and 56 (70%) were focused on provinces or municipalities. Report length ranged from 4 to 1491 pages and the median number of contributors was 14 (interquartile range, IQR, 5–26) per report. The most common recommendation was to increase funding to LTC to improve staffing, direct care and capacity (67% of reports). A median of 8 (IQR 3.25–18) recommendations were made per report. The total cost for all 80 reports was estimated to be $23,626,442.78. Conclusions: Problems in Canadian LTC homes and their solutions have been known for decades. Despite this, governments and non-governmental agencies continue to produce more reports at a monetary and societal cost to Canadians.
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Wong, Eric K. C., Trina Thorne, Carole Estabrooks, and Sharon E. Straus. "Recommendations from long-term care reports, commissions, and inquiries in Canada." F1000Research 10 (June 4, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.43282.2.
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Background: Multiple long-term care (LTC) reports have issued similar recommendations for improvement across Canadian LTC homes. Our primary objective was to identify the most common recommendations made over the past 10 years. Our secondary objective was to estimate the total cost of studying LTC issues repeatedly from 1998 to 2020. Methods: The qualitative and cost analyses were conducted in Canada from July to October 2020. Using a list of reports, inquiries and commissions from The Royal Society of Canada Working Group on Long-Term Care, we coded recurrent recommendations in LTC reports. We contacted the sponsoring organizations for a cost estimate, including direct and indirect costs. All costs were adjusted to 2020 Canadian dollar values. Results: Of the 80 Canadian LTC reports spanning the years of 1998 to 2020, 24 (30%) were based on a national level and 56 (70%) were focused on provinces or municipalities. Report length ranged from 4 to 1491 pages and the median number of contributors was 14 (interquartile range, IQR, 5–26) per report. The most common recommendation was to increase funding to LTC to improve staffing, direct care and capacity (67% of reports). A median of 8 (IQR 3.25–18) recommendations were made per report. The total cost for all 80 reports was estimated to be $23,626,442.78. Conclusions: Problems in Canadian LTC homes and their solutions have been known for decades. Despite this, governments and non-governmental agencies continue to produce more reports at a monetary and societal cost to Canadians.
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Stanford, Jon. "Electricity generation in a carbon constrained world: the role for gas." APPEA Journal 49, no. 2 (2009): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj08049.
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In March 2009, the Australian government published draft legislation for its proposed emissions trading scheme—the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). The CPRS is the main instrument that will be employed to achieve Australia’s stated objective of greenhouse gas mitigation, together with the new renewable energy target (RET) mandating that 20% of Australia’s electricity will be provided by renewable energy by 2020. The stated objective is to achieve a 5% reduction in emissions from the year 2000–2020. The objective of a 5% reduction in emissions (identified as CPRS-5 in the Treasury modelling undertaken for Garnaut and the Australian Government) is a more modest target than scientific opinion tells us is required to achieve temperature stabilisation at a level around two degrees higher than the average level now. Yet this target has been selected on the assumption that the rest of the world does not take more substantial action. If Australia seeks to achieve more than the rest of the world there will be a negligible impact on global emissions while we will export investments and jobs to less ambitious countries. In any case, a 5% reduction in emissions from 2000 levels will be difficult to achieve in the absence of major technological change being realised before 2020. It represents a reduction from the year 2000’s levels of 25% in per capita terms, and around 25% from projections of emissions under business-as-usual assumptions. Stationary energy, mainly power generation, is responsible for about half of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions. Because this is also a sector where low emissions technologies are already available, it is expected that much of the heavy-lifting in regard to greenhouse gas mitigation will have to come from this sector. Much of the new investment in the power generation sector to 2020 will come from renewables so as to meet the RET, which equates to around 45,000 GWh of renewable generation by 2020. But what of base load generation? Apart from geothermal, that has yet to be technically and commercially proven in Australia, renewables are generally ill-suited to base load generation. Base load power in Australia has traditionally been provided by black and brown coal and with its high emissions it is unlikely to be seen as a future option in a carbon-constrained world. Lower emissions options for base load generation include: coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS); geothermal energy; nuclear energy; and, combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT). The first three options are all problematic in Australia, and would not be able to provide significant generation capacity before 2020.
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Bessa, Jordana de Faria. "Breast imaging hindered during covid-19 pandemic, in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 55 (April 26, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003375.
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OBJECTIVE: To report the decrease in breast imaging after covid-19 pandemic, obtaining the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020. Additionally, to investigate if there was an increase in the proportion of women undergoing mammography for diagnostic purposes, with palpable lesions. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, based on the number of mammograms performed by the Brazilian public health services, provided by DATASUS, an open access database. Mammograms from private institutions were not included. This study compares the number of mammograms performed in 2019 and 2020, in women aged 50–69 years, stratified by month, in each federal state, and the presence of palpable lumps (physician-reported). RESULTS: In total, 1,948,471 mammograms were performed in 2019 and 1,126,688 in 2020, for the population studied. These values represent a 42% decline. Monthly, a significant decreased is observed after April 2020. The results varied slightly according to federal state; yet the entire country was affected. Rondônia was the most affected state, with 67% decline. The proportion of women presenting palpable lumps increased from 7.06% on average in 2019 to 7.94% in 2020 (OR = 1.135, 95%CI 1.125–1.145, p = 0,001). DISCUSSION: The number of mammograms performed in 2020 declined considerably. Out of the women who presented for mammogram, the proportion of palpable lumps was significantly higher in 2020. Considering the detection rate of digital mammography, the loss of 800,000 exams means 4,000 undiagnosed breast cancer cases, by the end of 2020.
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H, Bando. "Fewer Annual Deaths in Japan with Negative Excess Mortality for COVID-19." Asploro Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Case Reports 4, no. 1 (2021): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/asjbccr.6234.
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The excess mortality would be adequate objective indicator for COVID-19 research, and was reported in 77 countries for 2020. Several representative data are: United States 420,000, Mexico 270,000, Russia 270,000, Brazil 170,000, Japan -15,000, Taiwan -4,800, Australia -4,700 and New Zealand -2,100. From demographics in Japan, the number of deaths increased by 18 thousand each year during 2015-2019. However, death in 2020 decreased by 9,373 from 2019, which indicated 27 thousand difference. A meaningful perspective showed that focusing on human life saves the economy. Future crucial factors would be new ways of working with the ability of human resources.
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Werner, Ellen M., Lorraine Brown, Kathryn L. Hassell, and Donna DiMichele. "Healthy People 2020 Blood Disorders and Blood Safety: A Vision of Improved Health for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemias and Hemophilia." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4771.4771.
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Abstract Abstract 4771 In December 2010, the US Department of Health and Human Services released Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) Objectives for the nation. For the first time in its thirty-year history, US health objectives include rare blood disorders and blood safety (BDBS). HP2020 is a public health program that incorporates current clinical evidence and best practices in medicine and public health to identify public health priorities. The objectives are not clinical practice guidelines. Rather, they are scientifically-based, quantified goals to improve the health of specific populations, such as children and older adults. Their development and implementation necessitate partnerships among governmental agencies, organizations, private companies, and medical and health associations at the local, state and national levels. Partners collaborate on implementing activities to reach targeted health objectives for specific populations using educational campaigns, media and other communication venues. NHLBI led the effort with HRSA, CDC, FDA, and the Office of the Secretary to develop, vet and plan implementation of the BDBS objectives. The development process was based on qualitative research methods such as key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and categorization of data into patterns. For example, categorization of interview results (“data”) identified specific objective topics, such as screening for complications and penicillin prophylaxis in sickle cell patients aged 4 months to 5 years. Other BDBS Objective topics are: vaccinations; patient and family referrals; care in a medical home; disease-modifying therapies; avoidable hospitalizations; high school completion; community health education; awareness of carrier status; joint health; and alloimmunization in chronic transfusion. http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/default.aspx By sponsoring the BDBS objectives, lead governmental agencies commit to collecting, analyzing and reporting data on progress. We adopted the default target of a 10% improvement for each objective by 2020. If targets for each objective are met, the question will be: What is the impact of reaching these targets on morbidity, mortality and quality of life for patients with sickle cell disease, thalassemias and hemophilia? Disclosures: Hassell: NIH: Research Funding.
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Park, Robin, Laercio Lopes, and Anwaar Saeed. "Outcomes following immunotherapy re-challenge after immune-related adverse event: systematic review and meta-analysis." Immunotherapy 12, no. 16 (2020): 1183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt-2020-0103.
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Background: Given the inconclusive evidence behind the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors re-challenge, herein, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available data. Results/methodology: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, and ASCO and ESMO were searched for studies published from conception to March 2020. Pooled incidence of recurrent immune-related adverse events (irAEs), objective response rates, and odds ratios for irAEs at initial versus re-treatment were calculated. Overall, 437 patients (ten studies) were included. Incidence of any grade, grade 3/4, and steroid-requiring recurrent irAEs were 47%, 13.2%, and 26% respectively. Objective response rate in previous non-responders was 12.5% (5.8–24.8%). Odds ratio for severe irAEs was 0.28 (0.11–0.72) and steroid-requiring irAEs 0.19 (0.06–0.56). Discussion/conclusion: This analysis suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors re-challenge is safe and potentially efficacious.
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de la Fuente-Mella, Hanns, Rolando Rubilar, Karime Chahuán-Jiménez, and Víctor Leiva. "Modeling COVID-19 Cases Statistically and Evaluating Their Effect on the Economy of Countries." Mathematics 9, no. 13 (2021): 1558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9131558.
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COVID-19 infections have plagued the world and led to deaths with a heavy pneumonia manifestation. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the performance of certain economies during the crisis derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. The gross domestic product (GDP) and global health security index (GHSI) of the countries belonging–or not–to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are considered. In this paper, statistical models are formulated to study this performance. The models’ specifications include, as the response variable, the GDP variation/growth percentage in 2020, and as the covariates: the COVID-19 disease rate from its start in March 2020 until 31 December 2020; the GHSI of 2019; the countries’ risk by default spreads from July 2019 to May 2020; belongingness or not to the OECD; and the GDP per capita in 2020. We test the heteroscedasticity phenomenon present in the modeling. The variable “COVID-19 cases per million inhabitants” is statistically significant, showing its impact on each country’s economy through the GDP variation. Therefore, we report that COVID-19 cases affect domestic economies, but that OECD membership and other risk factors are also relevant.
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Markus, Keith A. "On epistemic violence in psychological science." Theory & Psychology 30, no. 3 (2020): 478–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354320914968.
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Held (2020) questioned the support for rejecting all objective knowledge as a response to epistemological violence. However, the argument presented appears to understate the support for its conclusion due to its structure. Also, the scientist/folk dichotomy invites further attention from the perspective of Derridean deconstruction. The root of the epistemological violence problem seems to be the characterization of knowledge production as a solitary activity and Habermas’s discourse ethics offers a form of objective knowledge which avoids this characterization and can thus fend off epistemological violence without a wholesale rejection of objectivity.
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Schultz, William. "Epistemic violence, relativism, and objectivity." Theory & Psychology 30, no. 3 (2020): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354320923732.
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Held (2020) provides an admirable overview of the importance of and challenges associated with epistemic violence. However, likely due to length restraints, she did not attend to an important consideration related to her discussion of epistemic violence: that objective knowledge is not possible. The view that objective knowledge is not possible can be interpreted as a species of relativism. This commentary connects discussions of epistemic violence to an ancient argument against relativism, arguing that those concerned with epistemic violence ought to also be concerned with the potentially dangerous belief that relativism is true.
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El-Solh, Ali A., Yolanda Lawson, Michael Carter, Daniel A. El-Solh, and Kari A. Mergenhagen. "Comparison of in-hospital mortality risk prediction models from COVID-19." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0244629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244629.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Our objective is to compare the predictive accuracy of four recently established outcome models of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) published between January 1st and May 1st 2020. Methods We used data obtained from the Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) between January 1st, 2020, and May 1st 2020 as an external validation cohort. The outcome measure was hospital mortality. Areas under the ROC (AUC) curves were used to evaluate discrimination of the four predictive models. The Hosmer–Lemeshow (HL) goodness-of-fit test and calibration curves assessed applicability of the models to individual cases. Results During the study period, 1634 unique patients were identified. The mean age of the study cohort was 68.8±13.4 years. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and heart disease were the most common comorbidities. The crude hospital mortality was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.31). Evaluation of the predictive models showed an AUC range from 0.63 (95% CI 0.60–0.66) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.69–0.74) indicating fair to poor discrimination across all models. There were no significant differences among the AUC values of the four prognostic systems. All models calibrated poorly by either overestimated or underestimated hospital mortality. Conclusions All the four prognostic models examined in this study portend high-risk bias. The performance of these scores needs to be interpreted with caution in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.