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Journal articles on the topic '21st century (Brazil)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ramos, José Geraldo Lopes, Sérgio Hofmeister Martins-Costa, and Nelson Sass. "Eclampsia in Brazil in the 21st Century." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 44, no. 07 (2022): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1754378.

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Grigoryev, Leonid M., and Marina F. Starodubtseva. "Brazil in the 21st century: A difficult path." Russian Journal of Economics 7, no. (3) (2021): 250–68. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.7.78432.

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Brazilian economic reforms in 21<sup>st</sup> century have great importance for the international community, especially for other countries of the middle level of development. The authors believe that, in spite of all the difficulties and crises, Brazil has made a decisive step forward by reforming its social structure and retaining democracy. Social reforms (especially minimal wage) led to strengthening middle class, but also to elevating its social aspirations. At this dramatic junction the economic development of the country was aggravated by external shocks and unsuccessful budget polici

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Grigoryev, Leonid M., and Marina F. Starodubtseva. "Brazil in the 21st century: A difficult path." Russian Journal of Economics 7, no. 3 (2021): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.7.78432.

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Brazilian economic reforms in 21st century have great importance for the international community, especially for other countries of the middle level of development. The authors believe that, in spite of all the difficulties and crises, Brazil has made a decisive step forward by reforming its social structure and retaining democracy. Social reforms (especially minimal wage) led to strengthening middle class, but also to elevating its social aspirations. At this dramatic junction the economic development of the country was aggravated by external shocks and unsuccessful budget policies. The com

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4

Nunes, Antonio de Assis Cruz, Clenia de Jesus Pereira Dos Santos, Marilda da Conceição Martins, et al. "Historical paths of black ethnic-racial identity in Brazil." Concilium 23, no. 12 (2023): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1551-23h67c.

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The article deals with the historical paths of black ethnic-racial identity in Brazil. The text discusses the historical trajectory of the socio-racial relations of the black population in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries from the perspective of building a black identity. In the 19th century, the Afro-Brazilian population encountered obstacles in building its own identity. In the 20th century, there was a more accentuated struggle for the construction of a black identity. In that century, identities called Sociological Subject (HALL, 2006), Resistance and Project (CASTELLS, 1999) were configu

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Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre Felizola, and Rafael Dias Loyola. "Conservation Science in Brazil: Challenges for the 21st Century." Natureza & Conservação 08, no. 01 (2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.00801000.

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Silva, Alex Sander Lopes da, Maria Luiza Silveira de Carvalho, and Clicia Maria de Jesus Benevides. "Ethnopharmacological studies in 21st century Brazil: a systematic review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (2022): e48211225956. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25956.

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Brazil is a country with a large party of the population, including traditional communities, that use plants for medicinal purposes, however, the prospect of drugs derived from plants is still little explored. The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review of the literature, in an attempt to understand how studies involving ethnopharmacology have developed in Brazil during the 21st century. The Scielo and PubMed data bases were used, using the keywords “ethnopharmacology” and “Brazil”. In a total of 212 articles were selected and the highest number of publications in the years of, re

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Pinheiro, Clemilton Lopes, and Sílvio Luis Da Silva. "A linguística saussuriana no Brasil no início do século XXI." Revista Leitura, no. 62 (December 4, 2018): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/2317-9945.201962.333-343.

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Neste trabalho, apresentamos um breve panorama sobre a linguística saussuriana no Brasil no início do século XXI. Analisamos os resumos das comunicações apresentadas em três eventos realizados no Brasil, em 2013, por ocasição do centenário de morte de Saussure. Essa análise chegou às seguintes conclusões. Pode-se falar de um interesse pelo retorno ao pensamento de Saussure no Brasil. No entanto, trata-se de um interesse pouco expressivo e circunscrito a espaços pontuais. Embora a linguística atual brasileira não manifeste uma grande curiosidade pelo pensamento de Saussure, nas primeiras década

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Dju, Orlindo, Johnatan Da Costa Santos, Darinka Brosovich Flores, and Jorge Marko Calderon Verduga. "African direction in the foreign policy of Brazil." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi06.

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The article considers political, economic, social and cultural aspects of Brazilian-African cooperation at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. At the present stage, after two decades of active development, Brazilian policy towards Africa has been losing momentum. Nowadays the cooperation between Brazil and African countries requires developing a new strategy.

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Miglioli, Aline Marcondes. "Desenvolvimento Regional no Brasil no século XXI." Revista Fim do Mundo, no. 12 (February 21, 2025): 371–77. https://doi.org/10.36311/2675-3871.2024.v5n12.p371-377.

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10

Vieira, Marianne Dantas Farias, Gabriela Furtado Neves, Luciana Dantas Farias de Andrade, Cláudia Maria Fileno Miranda Veloso, Luciano Teixeira Rocha, and Rafael Hohenfeld Macedo dos Santos. "Resilience, Regeneration and Sustainability in Brazil in The 21st Century." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 2 (2024): e07838. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-187.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate resilience, regeneration and sustainability in Brazil, with the aim of discussing the process of occupation of urban areas; possible adverse effects on the environment and society; the impact of consumption and the construction of more sustainable cities and the commitment to future generations. Theoretical Framework: The concepts of resilience, sustainable development and urban regeneration stand out as the basis of the research, providing an interesting foundation for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: Exploratory,

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Neves, Gabriela Furtado, Marianne Dantas Farias Vieira, Luciana Dantas Farias de Andrade, Cláudia Maria Fileno Miranda Veloso, Luciano Teixeira Rocha, and Rafael Hohenfeld Macedo dos Santos. "Resilience, Regeneration and Sustainability in Brazil in The 21st Century." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 9 (2024): e07573. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n9-106.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate resilience, regeneration and sustainability in Brazil, with the aim of discussing the process of occupation of urban areas; possible adverse effects on the environment and society; the impact of consumption and the construction of more sustainable cities and the commitment to future generations. Theoretical Framework: The concepts of resilience, sustainable development and urban regeneration stand out as the basis of the research, providing an interesting foundation for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: Exploratory,

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12

da Silva, Artur Christian Garcia, Isabelly Paula Sousa, Thaís Rosa Marques dos Santos, and Marize Campos Valadares. "Assessing Agricultural Toxicity in Brazil: Advances and Opportunities in the 21st Century." Toxicological Sciences 177, no. 2 (2020): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa120.

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Abstract Agriculture in the 21st century faces multiple challenges to produce food for the growing population using ethical/sustainable and efficient methods safely for humans and the environment. Brazil today is a world leader in terms of production of food of plant origin, both for human consumption and animal feed. Agriculture and livestock raising are critical economic activities in maintaining a positive balance in its economy. As a consequence, the registration and use of pesticides in Brazil have grown at an accelerated rate. This work shows the current situation in Brazil in terms of t

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Yang, Antonio, and Wilson Almeida. "NEW RULES ON BRAZIL / US COOPERATION, BETWEEN THE FRUSTRATED PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE FUELS AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE BIO-ECONOMY1 (2006-2018)." Novos Estudos Jurídicos 24, no. 3 (2019): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/nej.v24n3.p1032-1055.

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The industry of the 21st Century will be totally different from the one we experienced in the 19th and 20th centuries. It will be technology-intensive and energy-wise clean. The industry of the 21st century should be biodegradable and sustainable. Instead of transforming only products and raw materials it must transform the human beings. Brazilian agriculture with its technological advances and sophisticated production may be an important partner of the United States to create a new biological industry for the 21st Century. Brazil is the world’s leading producer of cotton, orange juice, chicke

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Kotarski, Jędrzej. "¿Cidade maravillosa? La imagen de las favelas de Río de Janeiro – desde el cine artístico hasta el popular." Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej 4, no. 1 (2014): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/sal201408.

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The article presents the evolution of favela’s images in Brazilian cinematography; from the first productions from the 1950s until the end of the first decade of the 21st century. The author tries to systematize them by distinguishing three periods (the 50s / 60s, the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the first decade of 21st century). The author discusses the change of the subject matter and the image of favela’s residents: from paternalistic images of alienation, otherness and mutual distrust, through homeliness, to relationships dominated by the world of crime at the beginning of the 21s

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15

Baumann, Renato. "Brazilian external sector so far in the 21st century." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 53, spe (2010): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-73292010000300003.

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Although Brazil has traditionally been characterized by a culture of inward-looking policy making, the presence of foreign firms in the Brazilian productive sector has always been significant. The share of foreign-owned firms is one of the highest that can be found among developing countries. This article discusses the main features of the external sector of the Brazilian economy, regarding trade flows, foreign investment, the internationalization of Brazilian entrepreneurial groups and the short-term financial requirements in foreign currencies

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16

Hewitt, W. E. "Elusive partners: defining Canada's relationship with Brazil in the 21st century." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 5, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2019.099169.

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Hewitt, W. E. "Elusive partners: defining Canada's relationship with Brazil in the 21st century." International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 5, no. 1 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2019.10020217.

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18

Sayfutdinov, Stefan A. "BRAZIL AND ITS ROLE IN SHAPING THE 21ST CENTURY WORLD ORDER." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 4 (2024): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2024-4-117-130.

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In this article, the author tries to determine Brazil’s place and role in global politics and define which order model is acceptable for the current stage in the development of international relations. He studies the issue of Brazil’s willingness to take a place among the leading world powers and the country’s capability to become a leading regional integration center in Latin America. The author traces the evolution of the views of the Brazilian government on the country’s place in the emerging world order since the bipolar system collapse, and also ascertains the evaluation of Brazil’s curre

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Garreto, Gairo, João Santos Baptista, Antônia Mota, and Mário Vaz. "Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080299.

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The Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th

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20

Scalon, Celi, Fernando Tavares Júnior, and Sin Yi Cheung. "Stratification in the 21 century." Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais 22 (August 16, 2022): e42936. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2022.1.42936.

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The global Covid-19 pandemic had seen inequalities much exacerbated and disparities between and within nations widened. The socio-economic crisis experienced in Brazil is no exception. The long-term impacts of the pandemic on our socio-economic and political lives and how they shape the production and reproduction of inequalities will continue to dominate contemporary sociological debates. We propose a set of original papers that focus not only on the measurement of social inequalities, but seek to articulate the complex social processes based on new empirical evidence on wealth distribution,

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21

Silva, André Luiz Reis da, and Gabriela Dorneles Ferreira da Costa. "Brazil and Turkey in the 21st century: strategic interests in comparative perspective1." Estudos Internacionais: revista de relações internacionais da PUC Minas 8, no. 4 (2021): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2317-773x.2020v8n4p132-150.

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This research aims to compare the strategic interests and the positioning at the foreign policy level of Brazil and Turkey in the 21st century, considering the rise to power of, respectively, Workers’ Party (PT, in Portuguese) and Justice and Development’s Party (AKP, in Turkish). Methodologically, it was used bibliographical research and analysis of speeches in the General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) between 2010 and 2015. It was verified convergence between Brazil and Turkey in themes as the acknowledgment of the multipolarity of the World Order, the necessity of the

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22

Czarnecka-Gallas, Marta. "The Efficiency of Industrial Policy in 21st Century? The Case of Brazil." Gospodarka Narodowa 265, no. 7-8 (2013): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/100925.

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23

Ocke, Marco Antonio De Moraes, and Allan Augusto Platt. "Place branding Brazil: research agenda and advisory panel for the 21st century." ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing 21, no. 1 (2022): 29–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v21i1.20194.

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Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma agenda de pesquisa e painel consultivo para acadêmicos e profissionais de marketing e branding sobre a área de place branding no contexto brasileiro.Abordagem: Análise bibliográfica baseada no construto da imagem do lugar a partir de sua identidade competitiva e reputação com enfoque no conceito de nation branding e suas orientações econômica, política e crítica-cultural.Resultados: Diretrizes e implicações sobre gestão e meta tendências em place branding. O âmbito da gestão consiste em uma estrutura formal de place branding para coordenar ações

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Moré Ramos, João Victor. "Geography and national project: Brazil at the begining of the 21st Century." International Review of Economic Policy-Revista Internacional de Política Económica 6, no. 2 (2024): 59–75. https://doi.org/10.7203/irep.6.2.30132.

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This article seeks to establish a systematic exercise of the paths and trends worthy of anticipating the countless subsequent cyclical crises in the development of brazilian capitalism, and their possible implications in the different and unequal social formations that cover the world. Far from the juxtaposition between the fundamentally national contradictions and the problems that refer to the development of the productive forces, it is in the technical progress expressed by the unequal relations between center and periphery that the answers to the challenges and contradictions launched in t

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Rodrigues, Artur Saturnino, Rogério Marcos Ribeiro Aguiar, Thiago Arrais Maro, Juan Pedro Bretas Roa, David Lee Nelson, and Vivian Machado Benassi. "Technological prospecting of macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) in Brazil in the 21st century." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 21, no. 7 (2023): 6897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv21n7-057.

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Macaúba is a fruit found in several regions of the Brazilian territory and stands out for producing an oil with potential characteristics for use as a raw material in industries in different areas such as in the production of biodiesel, biokerosene, organic fertilizers and animal ration. An advanced search was performed in the title and abstract fields of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) database. Patents related to macaúba were grouped by the number of files per decade, number of patents by holder and characteristics of granted patents. With the insertion of this mechanism

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Moreira, Márcia Zabdiele, Mário Henrique Ogasavara, Marilia Pinheiro Falcioni Pereira, and Heber José De Moura. "Determinants of Japanese expatriation to Brazilian subsidiaries at the beginning of the 21st century." REBRAE 8, no. 1 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rebrae.08.001.ao06.

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Expatriate staff members are important in the implementation of strategies for multinational corporations. This study investigates the determinant factors of assigning Japanese expatriates to manage their subsidiaries in Brazil at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Understanding the determinants of the international designation of people for managing foreign subsidiaries collaborates with debate and discussion on expatriation strategies, which are not well established in literature. The research utilized a quantitative study to which we applied a multiple regression analysis based on d

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Ceccato, Vania. "Introduction to Special issue: Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 38, no. 1 (2021): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10439862211050450.

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This article introduces the special issue “Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century” that is composed of seven studies of contemporary security problems and related public security initiatives in Brazil. They are multidisciplinary contributions employing a large variety of methods, written by researchers based on Brazilian universities or research executed in cooperation with international colleagues. This is a unique and valuable reference source for researchers interested in Brazilian and Latin American security challenges as well as attempts to address them. By recognizing current barriers

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Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de. "Physical disability and Hansen’s disease in Brazil in the 21st century: Brief analysis." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 94, no. 1 (2019): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198082.

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Lee, Sophie A., Theodoros Economou, Rafael de Castro Catão, Christovam Barcellos, and Rachel Lowe. "The impact of climate suitability, urbanisation, and connectivity on the expansion of dengue in 21st century Brazil." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 12 (2021): e0009773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009773.

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Dengue is hyperendemic in Brazil, with outbreaks affecting all regions. Previous studies identified geographical barriers to dengue transmission in Brazil, beyond which certain areas, such as South Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, were relatively protected from outbreaks. Recent data shows these barriers are being eroded. In this study, we explore the drivers of this expansion and identify the current limits to the dengue transmission zone. We used a spatio-temporal additive model to explore the associations between dengue outbreaks and temperature suitability, urbanisation, and connectivity

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Nogueira, Marcelo, Lima Isaac de, Ricardo Moratelli, Valéria Tavares, Renato Gregorin, and Adriano Peracchi. "Checklist of Brazilian bats, with comments on original records." Check List 10, no. (4) (2014): 808–21. https://doi.org/10.15560/10.4.808.

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Lists of Brazilian bats have been compiled since the late 19th century, with remarkable variation in the criteria for species inclusion and use of nomenclature. To update the list of extant bat species that occur in Brazil, the Brazilian Bat Research Society created the Committee of the List of Brazilian Bats. Here we report the first result of the work of this Committee: a list with nine families, 68 genera, and 178 species with documented occurrence in Brazil, including nomenclatural comments. We also present two additional species lists: one with doubtful records (10 species) and other with

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Santos, Daubian, Stephanie Sampronha, and Charles Morphy Dias Santos. "Advances on Dipterology in the 21st century and extinction rates." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 57, no. 33 (2017): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.33.

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At least one million extant insect species have been described on Earth, of which 150,000 belong to the megadiverse order Diptera. We here synthesize data from the last 15 years of taxonomic work in Diptera, mapping the world taxonomic productivity in the order. Our data shows an increasing importance of China and Brazil in taxonomic production, along with other traditional centres such as the USA and Europe. We correlate our database with estimates of extinction rates to determine the amount of basic taxonomic research still necessary to have the description of the fly diversity before extinc

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Cera, Jossana Ceolin, Nereu Augusto Streck, Cesar Augusto Jarutais Fensterseifer, et al. "Soybean yield in future climate scenarios for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 6 (2017): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000600002.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the yield potential and the water-limited yield of soybean (Glycine max) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in two future climate scenarios, SRES A1B and RCP4.5, using the SoySim and Cropgro-Soybean simulation models. In both models, three maturity groups (4.8, 5.5, and 6.0) and six sowing dates (09/01, 10/01, 11/01, 12/01, 01/01, and 02/01) were considered in the SRES A1B-CMIP3 and RCP4.5-CMIP5 scenarios. The analyzed variable was grain yield at 13% moisture (Mg ha-1). Soybean yield potential in Rio Grande do Sul should increase up

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Mathews, John A. "Energizing Industrial Development: The Role of the State in 21st Century Greening Strategies." Revista do Serviço Público 66 (November 18, 2015): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21874/rsp.v66i0.1276.

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Industrial development, as it diffuses globally to encompass the great emerging 21st century powers China, India and Brazil, increasingly has to place energy issues at the core – to move off the fossil fuels that worked in the past but are creating impossible tensions now and to move towards a new green growth model that promises to reduce or eliminate those tensions as it expands. In this paper I review the issues involved in the new ‘green industrial strategy’ and discuss the institutional state strategies being deployed in China, India, Brazil and South Africa – the BICS countries – to driv

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Lorber, Lučka. "New Challenges for Sustainable Rural Development in the 21st Century (part 2)." Journal for Geography 4, no. 2 (2009): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/rg.4.2.4069.

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This is a special issue of the Journal for Geography published at the occasion of the 17th Annual Colloquium of the IGU Commission on the Sustainability of Rural Systems entitled New Challenges for Sustainable Rural Development in the 21st Century, which took place from 13th to 18th July 2009 in Maribor, Slovenia. In this issue, experts from Australia, Brazil, Croatia, Italy, Poland and Slovenia present, analyse and explain the diversity of ways to improve the quality of life in rural areas all over the world.

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Vershinina, I. A., and T. S. Martynenko. "Brazil’s environmental ups and downs." Latinskaya Amerika, no. 9 (December 15, 2024): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044748x24090023.

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The article examines the history and specifics of environmental movements in Brazil. Particular attention is paid to the three stages of the formation of environmental movements and organizations, which are closely related to the political situation in the country. The features of Brazil’s environmental agenda at the beginning of the 21st century are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to revise the basic principles of the modern global environmental agenda in order to identify their compliance with the national interests of Brazil.

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Memisevic, Haris, Inga Biscevic, Selmir Hadzic, and Azur Kuduzovic. "EXPLORING CURRENT TRENDS IN EDUCATION: A REVIEW OF RESEARCH TOPICS IN THE PROBLEMS OF EDUCATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY JOURNAL." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 81, no. 2 (2023): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/23.81.258.

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Scientific journals play a critical role in disseminating knowledge, and staying up to date with research findings in a particular field can be challenging given the vast number of journals and research topics available. Therefore, there is a need for researchers to occasionally summarize the main research topics in order to help fellow researchers navigate the contents more effectively. In this context, this article aims to review the research topics published in the Problems of Education in the 21st Century journal between 2018 and 2022. A total of 285 abstracts were retrieved from the Web o

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Nogara, Tiago Soares. "The rise and fall of the Bank of the South: challenges in Latin American post-neoliberal regionalism." Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo = Iberoamerican journal of development studies 13, no. 2 (2024): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.9963.

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In the early 21st century, the rise of left-wing administrations in South America bolstered regional frameworks. The proposal to establish a new regional financial architecture materialized as the Bank of the South, formalizing its Constitutive Treaty in 2009. Despite this, the Bank remains uncapitalized. This study examines its rise and decline, addressing factors behind its establishment; the impact of divergent regional approaches by Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela, and the reasons for its decline in the second decade of the 21st century. The research attributes the Bank’s demise not only

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Silva, Patrícia, Ana Bastos, Carlos C. DaCamara, and Renata Libonati. "Future Projections of Fire Occurrence in Brazil Using EC-Earth Climate Model." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 31, no. 3 (2016): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-778631320150142.

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Abstract Fire has a fundamental role in the Earth system as it influences global and local ecosystem patterns and processes, such as vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle and climate. Since, in the global context, Brazil is one of the regions with higher fire activity, an assessment is here performed of the sensitivity of the wildfire regime in Brazilian savanna and shrubland areas to changes in regional climate during the 21st Century, for an intermediate scenario (RCP4.5) of climate change. The assessment is based on a spatial and temporal analysis of a meteorological fire

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Kosenko, Аnastasiya. "POLITICAL ASPECT IN COOPERATION BETWEEN PRC AND SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES (1990’s – THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY)." American History & Politics: Scientific edition, no. 13 (2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2022.13.7.

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The author considers the political aspect of cooperation between China and South America – its features and basis. The research reveals China’s main goals in South America, such as promoting a «one China» policy, access to raw materials, and building strong political contacts to increase its global influence. It also highlights the benefits that South American countries have sought to gain from cooperating with China. Particular attention is on China’s political cooperation with Brazil, Venezuela and Argentina under the administrations of left-wing ideologies (L. I. Lula da Silva, W. Chavez an

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Monteiro, Natasha Ohanny da Costa, Dennis Ricardo Cabral Cruz, Izabely Vitória Lucas Ferreira, et al. "Sustainable practices in brazilian and global agriculture in the 21st century." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 8 (2024): e9520. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.8-238.

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With population growth, the demand for food is increasing, making sustainable practices in agriculture essential to ensure food security, reduce production costs, and mitigate environmental impacts such as climate change. It is crucial to improve the quality and quantity of food production without causing harm to the environment, preserving existing agricultural areas without expanding into new regions. The objective of this literature review is to present information on some contemporary agricultural techniques used in Brazil and around the world that promote sustainability in the 21st centur

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SCHEINVAR, E., L. S. LOBO, and J. T. S. ANEY. "Disciplina, moral e lógica punitivo-penal: a institucionalização da escola brasileira no século XIX." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 17, no. 1 (2025): 49–67. https://doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202517104.

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This article is the result of a research project that analyzes the punitive-penal structure of schooling in Brazil since its implementation as a public policy in the 19th century. From a genealogical perspective, we investigated documents in historical archives that define, in the process of institutionalizing the school, punitive forms that speak of the transition from torture to disciplinarization/judicialization. The bibliographical research focused on the liberal government strategies that, in the midst of slave relations, structured the school in Brazil as a state policy. We highlight its

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Kocánová, Dominika. "The Importance of Primary Commodities in the Foreign Trade of Brazil in the 21st Century." Ekonomické rozhľady – Economic Review 51, no. 4 (2022): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/er.2644-7185.2022.4.323-350.

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This paper aims to identify the importance of primary commodities in Brazil's foreign trade and define the commodity groups in whose exports Brazil has the highest comparative advantages. At the same time, we want to find out how these comparative advantages have changed and developed in the period from 2001 to 2020, i.e., in the period of high prices of primary commodities (2003 – 2012) and the period after until the outbreak of the global pandemic COVID-19. To achieve this goal, we used the Lafay index of international specialization using data at the four-digit level of the Harmonised Syste

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Sales, Michelle, and Bruno Muniz. "Black women’s oppositional gaze making images." Vista, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/vista.3061.

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In this article, we consider the audio-visual production carried out by black women in Brazil since the second decade of the 21st century. Our objective is to propose a reflection, adopting an intersectional approach, on how an oppositional gaze creates images that break with racist stereotypes and challenge whiteness (hooks, 1992). We argue that the production of black women in Brazil questions the reproduction of institutional racism and digs deeper into the issue of colonial past. They create a narrative dispute that the oppositional feminine gaze imposes on the film industry.

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Pecequilo, Cristina Soreanu. "A new Strategic Dialogue: Brazil-US relations in Lula's presidency (2003-2010)." Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional 53, spe (2010): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-73292010000300008.

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The aim of this article is to examine Brazil and the United States bilateral relations from 2003/2010 and their strategic patterns during the Presidency of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. The goal is to understand the development of this dialogue in the 21st century and its previous background in the Post Cold War world, identifying its evolution and change due to Brazil's growing regional and global role and US relative position

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Chediak, Sheylla, José Luís Bizelli, and Essi Ryymin. "Brazil-Finland dossier: trends, perspectives and challenges of the education for the 21st century." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estudos em Educação 13, esp1 (2018): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21723/riaee.nesp1.v13.2018.11385.

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Brenck, Clara, and Laura Carvalho. "The equalizing spiral in early 21st century Brazil: a Kaleckian model with sectoral heterogeneity." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 55 (December 2020): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.07.007.

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Simmons, Cynthia S., Lisa Famolare, Marcia N. Macedo, et al. "Science in support of Amazonian conservation in the 21st century: the case of Brazil." Biotropica 50, no. 6 (2018): 850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12610.

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de Magalhães, Jorge Lima, Luc Quoniam, and Núbia Boechat. "PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET AND OPPORTUNITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY FOR GENERIC DRUGS: A BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY OF OLANZAPINE." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 6, no. 1 (2013): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/13.06.31.

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This paper aimed to identify and analyse the evolution of the generic pharmaceutical market in Brazil, specifically olanzapine drugs. For this purpose, it has been demonstrated trends through access free tools. By bibliographical survey in indexed databases as well as official data in Brazil for generic drugs and public policy, it was analyzed and performed a case study . In 2012, global pharmaceutical industry surpassed US$ 950 billion in sales with trend to reach US$ 1,2 trillion by 2016. In Brazil market has grown in its global ranking, jumped from 10th place to 7th place in five years and

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Siqueira, Ivan. "Education and Learning in the 21st Century: An Emergency Agenda for Sustainable Development." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 3, no. 10 (2012): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v3i10.83.

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The 21st Century has observed an increase transformation based on economy and social patterns. The challenging of education is now prepared for the future, not for the present. The changing environment of learning is related to competencies and skills rather than in particular subjects and theories. How to teach what is not present yet? Why education must be profoundly related to both Information and Communication Technology and human ethnic? This paper is dedicated to highlight some of these points, bringing some reflections regarding these topics about the relationship between Africa and Lat

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Araújo, Daniel Féo Castro de. "The dynamics of renewable energies in the Brazilian energy matrix in the 21ST century." Revista Cerrados 21, no. 01 (2023): 399–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.46551/rc24482692202316.

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In the early 21st century, Brazil began adopting a series of energy policies aimed at analyzing and understanding the dynamics of its energy matrix. In this context, this article aims to analyze the dynamics of the Brazilian energy matrix based on the main energy policies adopted in the early 21st century. The research methodology begins with a bib-liographic review on the topic, directed at understanding the studied dynamics, as well as the construction of a theoretical framework from directly and indirectly related works. The bibliographic survey was conducted through research in libraries,

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