Relevant bibliographies by topics / 21st century, c 2000 to c 2100

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Academic literature on the topic '21st century, c 2000 to c 2100'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "21st century, c 2000 to c 2100"

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Amin, Ir Mohd Zaki bin Mat, Ali Ercan, Kei Ishida, M. Levent Kavvas, Z. Q. Chen, and Su-Hyung Jang. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydro-Climate of Peninsular Malaysia." Water 11, no. 9 (2019): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091798.

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In this study, a regional climate model was used to dynamically downscale 15 future climate projections from three GCMs covering four emission scenarios (SRES B1, A1FI, A1B, A2) based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) datasets to 6-km horizontal resolution over the whole Peninsular Malaysia. Impacts of climate change in the 21st century on the precipitation, air temperature, and soil water storage were assessed covering ten watersheds and twelve coastal regions. Then, by coupling a physical hydrology model with the regional climate model, the impacts of the climate chang
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Almazroui, Mansour. "Temperature Changes over the CORDEX-MENA Domain in the 21st Century Using CMIP5 Data Downscaled with RegCM4: A Focus on the Arabian Peninsula." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (May 20, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5395676.

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This paper examined the temperature changes from the COordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) over the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) domain called CORDEX-MENA. The focus is on the Arabian Peninsula in the 21st century, using data from three Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models downscaled by RegCM4, a regional climate model. The analysis includes surface observations along with RegCM4 simulations and changes in threshold based on extreme temperature at the end of the 21st century relative to the base period (1971–2000). Irrespective of the drivi
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Murray-Tortarolo, G., P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, et al. "The carbon cycle in Mexico: past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes." Biogeosciences 13, no. 1 (2016): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-223-2016.

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Abstract. We modeled the carbon (C) cycle in Mexico with a process-based approach. We used different available products (satellite data, field measurements, models and flux towers) to estimate C stocks and fluxes in the country at three different time frames: present (defined as the period 2000–2005), the past century (1901–2000) and the remainder of this century (2010–2100). Our estimate of the gross primary productivity (GPP) for the country was 2137 ± 1023 TgC yr−1 and a total C stock of 34 506 ± 7483 TgC, with 20 347 ± 4622 TgC in vegetation and 14 159 ± 3861 in the soil.Contrary to other
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Murray-Tortarolo, G., P. Friedlingstein, S. Sitch, et al. "The carbon cycle in Mexico: past, present and future of C stocks and fluxes." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 15 (2015): 12501–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-12501-2015.

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Abstract. We modelled the carbon (C) cycle in Mexico with a process-based approach. We used different available products (satellite data, field measurements, models and flux towers) to estimate C stocks and fluxes in the country at three different time frames: present (defined as the period 2000–2005), the past century (1901–2000) and the remainder of this century (2010–2100). Our estimate of the gross primary productivity (GPP) for the country was 2137 ± 1023 Tg C yr−1 and a total C stock of 34 506 ± 7483 Tg C, with 20 347 ± 4622 Pg C in vegetation and 14 159 ± 3861 in the soil. Contrary to o
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Tan, Z., L. L. Tieszen, E. Tachie-Obeng, S. Liu, and A. M. Dieye. "Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: land use, management, and climate." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (2008): 2343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-2343-2008.

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Abstract. We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the last century resulted in a substantial reduction in ecosystem carbon (C) stock from 135.4 Mg C ha−1 in 1900 to 77.0 Mg C ha−1 in 2000, and in soil organic C stock within the top 20 cm of soil from 26.6 Mg C ha−1 to 21.2 Mg C ha−1. If no land use change takes place from 2000 through 2100, low
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Tan, Z., L. L. Tieszen, E. Tachie-Obeng, S. Liu, and A. M. Dieye. "Historical and simulated ecosystem carbon dynamics in Ghana: land use, management, and climate." Biogeosciences 6, no. 1 (2009): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-45-2009.

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Abstract. We used the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) to simulate responses of natural and managed ecosystems to changes in land use and land cover, management, and climate for a forest/savanna transitional zone in central Ghana. Model results show that deforestation for crop production during the 20th century resulted in a substantial reduction in ecosystem carbon (C) stock from 135.4 Mg C ha−1 in 1900 to 77.0 Mg C ha−1 in 2000, and in soil organic C stock within the top 20 cm of soil from 26.6 Mg C ha−1 to 21.2 Mg C ha−1. If no land use change takes place from 2000 thr
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Schleussner, C. F., K. Frieler, M. Meinshausen, J. Yin, and A. Levermann. "Emulating Atlantic overturning strength for low emission scenarios: consequences for sea-level rise along the North American east coast." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (2010): 357–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-1-357-2010.

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Abstract. In order to provide probabilistic projections of the future evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), we calibrated a simple Stommel-type box model to emulate the output of fully coupled three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Based on this calibration to idealised global warming scenarios with and without interactive atmosphere-ocean fluxes and freshwater perturbation simulations, we project the future evolution of the AMOC within the covered calibration range for the lower
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Mezghani, Abdelkader, Andreas Dobler, Jan Erik Haugen, et al. "CHASE-PL Climate Projection dataset over Poland – bias adjustment of EURO-CORDEX simulations." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (2017): 905–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-905-2017.

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Abstract. The CHASE-PL (Climate change impact assessment for selected sectors in Poland) Climate Projections – Gridded Daily Precipitation and Temperature dataset 5 km (CPLCP-GDPT5) consists of projected daily minimum and maximum air temperatures and precipitation totals of nine EURO-CORDEX regional climate model outputs bias corrected and downscaled to a 5 km × 5 km grid. Simulations of one historical period (1971–2000) and two future horizons (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) assuming two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were produced. We used the quantile mapping method and
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Schleussner, C. F., K. Frieler, M. Meinshausen, J. Yin, and A. Levermann. "Emulating Atlantic overturning strength for low emission scenarios: consequences for sea-level rise along the North American east coast." Earth System Dynamics 2, no. 2 (2011): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-191-2011.

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Abstract. In order to provide probabilistic projections of the future evolution of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), we calibrated a simple Stommel-type box model to emulate the output of fully coupled three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). Based on this calibration to idealised global warming scenarios with and without interactive atmosphere-ocean fluxes and freshwater perturbation simulations, we project the future evolution of the AMOC mean strength within the covered calibration range
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Hammoudy, Wahib, Rachid Ilmen, and Mohamed Sinan. "High-resolution RCP scenario for the 21st century in the North-West region of Morocco, future projections for 2041-2060, 2061-2080 and 2081-2100." Brazilian Journal of Science 2, no. 10 (2023): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v2i10.375.

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Climate model simulations of future climate are the basis for adaptation decisions, which the effectiveness will depend on the quality of the models. A set of climate models developed under the CMIP6 project and generated by the spatial bias correction disaggregation method (BCSD) using a statistical downscaling algorithm have been used. These models are used to evaluate the future changes in thermal extremes projected by the climate models over the different time horizons with comparison to the 1981-2000 reference period. These projections are made under the scenario RCP 4.5 (optimistic). The
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Books on the topic "21st century, c 2000 to c 2100"

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María del Pilar Ramírez Gröbli. Paisajes sonoros del retorno: Palma de aceite, despojo y culturas de paz en el postconflicto colombiano. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2020.

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Page, Steve. Le Nigeria et la Suisse, des affaires d’indépendance. Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 2016.

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Andrew, Roth. Parliamentary profiles, 1997-2002. Parliamentary Profiles, 1998.

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1934-, Schuster Rudolf, and Stolarik M. Mark 1943-, eds. The Slovak Republic: A decade of independence, 1993-2002. Bolchazy-Carducci, 2003.

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Selçuk, Faruk. Inflation and Disinflation in Turkey. Edited by Aykut Kibritçioğlu, Faruk Selçuk, and Libby Rittenberg. Ashgate, 2002.

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Navin, Brian. World pulp and paper 1997-2006: Trends and forecasts. Pira International, 1997.

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Murphy, Brendan. Eyewitness: Four decades of northern life. O'Brien, 2003.

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Diana, Walker. The bigger picture: 30 years of portraits. National Geographic, 2007.

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Lü, Xiaobo. Cadres and corruption: The organizational involution of the Chinese Communist Party. Stanford University Press, 2000.

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Gillard, Michael. Untouchables: Dirty cops, bent justice and racism in Scotland Yard. Cutting Edge, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "21st century, c 2000 to c 2100"

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Boyd, Taylor. "Education Reform in Ontario: Building Capacity Through Collaboration." In Implementing Deeper Learning and 21st Education Reforms. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57039-2_2.

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Abstract The education system of the province of Ontario, Canada ranks among the best in the world and has been touted as a model of excellence for other countries seeking to improve their education system. In a system-wide reform, leaders used a political and professional perspective to improve student performance on basic academic skills. The school system rose to renown after this reform which moved Ontario from a “good” system in 2000 to a “great” one between 2003 and 2010 (Mourshed M, Chijioke C, Barber M. How the world’s most improved school systems keep getting better, a report McKinsey
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"Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century." In Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century, edited by Quinton E. Phelps, Sara J. Tripp, James E. Garvey, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874127.ch26.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—How paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>early-life history dynamics affect recruitment is relatively unknown. We quantified factors affecting age-0 paddlefish abundance, hatch time, growth, and survival in an unimpounded reach of the Mississippi River during 2000–2008. We trawled several habitats, collecting 2,074 age-0 paddlefish from 10 to 170 mm total length. Paddlefish hatch timing varied across years (30–60 d), generally commencing in the middle of April and ending in June when a threshold water temperature was reached and river stage variabili
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Hinkel, Kenneth M., and Andrew W. Ellis. "Cryosphere." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0013.

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The cryosphere refers to the Earth’s frozen realm. As such, it includes the 10 percent of the terrestrial surface covered by ice sheets and glaciers, an additional 14 percent characterized by permafrost and/or periglacial processes, and those regions affected by ephemeral and permanent snow cover and sea ice. Although glaciers and permafrost are confined to high latitudes or altitudes, areas seasonally affected by snow cover and sea ice occupy a large portion of Earth’s surface area and have strong spatiotemporal characteristics. Considerable scientific attention has focused on the cryosphere
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Frabboni, Franco. "Is Electronic Knowledge a Plural Thought?" In Encyclopedia of Information Communication Technology. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-845-1.ch037.

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With the third millennium a new and attractive scenario has opened up, giving voice to an old face of culture: knowledge. Its “new” identity—holistic, multidimensional, and ecosystemic—was highlighted by the European Union in 2000 at the Lisbon conference. In the 21st century there is a star carrying out on its tail these words: welcome to the knowledge society. Knowledge is an immaterial good needed by any nation, because it’s like a bank account that any complex and changing society needs to have. It’s a capital with three faces: economic, social and human (Frabboni, 2006). a. As an economic
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Conference papers on the topic "21st century, c 2000 to c 2100"

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Agarwal, D. C., W. R. Herda, and J. Klöwer. "Case Histories on Solving Severe Corrosion Problems in the CPI and Other Industries by an Advanced Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy 59 UNS N06059." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00501.

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Abstract At one time one of the major factors in any material selection used to be initial cost with little thought given to maintenance and cost associated with lost production due to unscheduled equipment downtime. In today’s economic environment, increased maintenance costs and downtime have placed a greater emphasis on the need for reliable, safe and versatile performance of process equipment, thus requiring improved alloys. Today’s industries not only demand functional and cost effective reliability in operation, but must also possess the necessary versatility to adopt to the changing cor
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Güttler, Ivan. "Climate change in the Pannonian Basin: Past trends and future outlook using Copernicus data." In Entrepreneurship, engineering and management: Climate change as an engineering challenge, Zrenjanin, 26.04.2025. Visoka tehnička škola strukovnih studija, Zrenjanin, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/pim25049g.

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This paper analyzes climate change trends in the Pannonian Basin using Euro-CORDEX regional climate models and data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service. The analysis, based on the RCP4.5 scenario, highlights a significant warming trend over the 21st century, with a projected temperature rise of up to 2 °C by 2100. Results show a marked reduction in the number of frost days and increased winter precipitation, which may affect agriculture, ecosystems, and hydrology. Conversely, summers are expected to become drier, raising the risk of droughts and heatwaves. These climatic shifts have ser
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KONAK, Ali, and Rahib YAGUBOV. "THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS." In I . I N T E R N A T I O N A L R E S E A R C H C O N G R E S S F O R E C O N O M I C A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I V E S T U D I E S. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/economiccongress1-7.

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While the opportunities offered by technology to people were very limited in the period before 2000, information technology, which is used as a universal means of progress today, has become an indispensable element of the globalizing world by making it easier to access scientific information. With the increasing level of digitalization, there has been a rapid transformation in technology and it has become extremely difficult to keep up with this transformation. In the 21st century, which is accepted as the digital age, the developments in technology have made human life easier on the one hand,
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Steur, Ronald, Frank Depisch, and Juergen Kupitz. "The Status of the IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) and the Ongoing Activities of the Phase 1B of INPRO." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49242.

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The IAEA General Conference in 2000 has invited “all interested Member States to combine their efforts under the aegis of the Agency in considering the issues of the nuclear fuel cycle, in particular by examining innovative and proliferation-resistant nuclear technology”. In response to this invitation, the IAEA initiated an “International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles” (INPRO). The overall objectives of INPRO are to help to ensure that nuclear energy is available to contribute in fulfilling in a sustainable manner energy needs in the 21st century, and to bring togethe
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