Academic literature on the topic '223 p. 00'

AbstractWe report measurements of the properties of turbulent thermal convection of a fluid with a Prandtl number $\mathit{Pr}= 4. 38$ in a cylindrical cell with an aspect ratio $\Gamma = 0. 50$. The rotational symmetry was broken by a small tilt of the sample axis relative to gravity. Measurements of the heat transport (as expressed by the Nusselt number Nu), as well as properties of the large-scale circulation (LSC) obtained from temperature measurements along the sidewall, are presented. In contradistinction to similar experiments using containers of aspect ratio $\Gamma = 1. 00$ (Ahlers et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 557, 2006b, pp. 347–367) and $\Gamma = 0. 50$ (Chillà et al., Eur. Phys. J. B, vol. 40, 2004, pp. 223–227; Sun, Xi & Xia, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 95, 2005, p. 074502; Roche et al., New J. Phys., vol. 12, 2010, p. 085014), we see a very small increase of the heat transport for tilt angles up to about 0.1 rad. Based on measurements of properties of the LSC we explain this increase by a stabilization of the single-roll state (SRS) of the LSC and a destabilization of the double-roll state (DRS) (it is known from previous work that the SRS has a slightly larger heat transport than the DRS). Quantitative measurements of the strength and the orientation of the LSC show that its azimuthal diffusion is suppressed with increasing tilt whereas the torsional oscillation becomes more pronounced and its frequency increases.

Changes in the growth hormone (GH)–insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis, especially acquired GH resistance, develop in many severe illnesses, including cachexia. To study changes in the GH–IGF-I axis in patients with cancer cachexia, biochemical markers and body composition parameters were measured in eighty-eight gastric cancer patients, thirty colorectal cancer patients (subclassified according to the presence or absence of cachexia) and twenty-four healthy control subjects. Fifty-nine patients were defined as cachectic, based on the percentage of weight loss compared with their previous normal weight. The remaining fifty-nine patients were defined as non-cachectic. Measurements were repeated in twenty-seven patients (sixteen with gastric cancer and eleven with colorectal cancer) 3 months after radical operation. Compared with the controls, the cachectic gastric cancer patients had high GH levels (1·36 v. 0·32 ng/ml; P=0·001), a trend towards high IGF-I levels (223·74 v. 195·15 ng/ml; P=0·128 compared with non-cachectic patients) and a low log IGF-I/GH ratio (2·55 and 2·66 v. 3·00; P=0·002), along with a decreased BMI; the cachectic colorectal cancer patients showed the biochemical characteristics of acquired GH resistance: high GH (0·71 v. 0·32 ng/ml; P=0·016), a trend towards decreased IGF-I levels (164·18 v. 183·24 ng/ml; P=0·127) and a low log IGF-I/GH ratio (2·54 v. 2·99; P=0·005), with increased IGF-I levels following radical surgery (200·49 v. 141·91 ng/ml; P=0·046). These findings suggest that normal GH reaction and sensitivity occur in gastric cancer patients, controlled by nutritional status, whereas acquired GH resistance develops in cachectic colorectal cancer patients, which may be caused by tumour itself.

Abstract. The effect of bath temperature (60-90 °C) on structural, optical and electrical propertiesof CdS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) at a constant precursorconcentration and deposition time was studied. From the XRD analysis, it was found that thestructure of CdS thin fi lms varied with temperature. At lower temperature hexagonal structurewas dominated while at high temperature, the cubic structure was prominent. The band gap ofthe as-prepared CdS thin fi lms was calculated from the UV-Vis spectroscopic data, and it wasfound to be decreased with the increase of temperature. The resistivity of the CdS thin fi lms alsodecreased with the increase in temperature. REFERENCES1. Kumar S., Sharma P., Sharma V. CdS nanofi lms: effect of deposition temperature on morphology andoptical band gap. Physica Scripta, 2013, v. 88(4), p. 045603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/88/04/0456032. Rondiyaa S., Rokadea A., Gabhalea B., Pandharkara S., Chaudharia M., Dateb A., et al. Effectof bath temperature on optical and morphology properties of CdS thin fi lms grown by chemical bathdeposition. Energy Procedia, 2017, v. 110, pp. 202–209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1283. Fangyang Liu, Yanqing Lai, Jun Liu, Bo Wang, Sanshuang Kuang, Zhian Zhang, et al. Characterizationof chemical bath deposited CdS thin fi lms at different deposition temperature. J. Alloys Compd., 2010,v. 493(1–2), pp. 305–308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.0884. Hariech S., Aida M. S., Bougdira J., Belmahi M., Medjahdi G., Genиve D., et al. Cadmium sulfi de thinfi lms growth by chemical bath deposition. J. Semicond., 2018, v. 39(3), p. 034004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/39/3/0340045. Mane R. S., Lokhande C. D. Chemical deposition method for metal chalcogenide thin fi lms. J. Mater.Chem. Phys., 2000, v. 65(1), p. 1–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0254-0584(00)00217-06. Hodes G. Chemical solution deposition of semiconductor fi lms. Monograph, Boca Raton, CRCPress, 2002, 388 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/97802039090967. George P. J., Sanchez-Juarez A., Nair P. K. Modifi cation of electrical, optical and crystalline propertiesof chemically deposited CdS fi lms by thermal diffusion of indium and tin. Semicond. Sci. Technol., 1996, v.11(7), pp. 1090–1095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/11/7/0218. Oliva A. I., Solis-Canto O., Castro-Rodriguez R., Quintana P. Formation of the band gap energy on CdSthin fi lms growth by two different techniques Thin Solid Films, 2001, v. 391(1), pp. 28–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(01)00830-69. Lejmi N., Savadogo O. The effect of heteropolyacids and isopolyacids on the properties ofchemically bath deposited CdS thin fi lms. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2001, v. 70(1), pp. 71–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(00)00412-810. Gray D.E. American Institute of Physics Handbook. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 4–58.11. Ravi Kant Choubey, Dipti Desai, Kale S. N., Sunil Kumar. Effect of annealing treatment anddeposition temperature on CdS thin fi lms for CIGS solar cells applications. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. in Elec.,2016, v. 27(8), pp. 7890–7898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-4780-212. Lo Y. S., Choubey R. K., Yu W. C., Hsu W. T., Lan C. W. Shallow bath chemical deposition of CdSthin fi lm. Thin Solid Films, 2011, v. 520(1), pp. 217-223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.07.03513. Cortes A., Gomez H., Marotti R. E., Riveros G., Dalchiele E. A. Grain size dependence of the bandgapin chemical bath deposited CdS thin fi lms. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2004, v. 82(1-2), pp. 21–34. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.01.002 14. Ahmad F. R., Yakimov A., Davis R. J., Her J. H., Cournoyer J. R., Ayensu N. M. Effect of thermal annealingon the properties of cadmium sulfi de deposited via chemical bath deposition. Thin Solid Films, 2013,v. 535, pp. 166–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.10.08515. Rakhshani A. E., Al-Azab A. S. Characterization of CdS fi lms prepared by chemical-bath deposition.J. Phys. Condens. Matter., 2000, v. 12, pp. 8745–8756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/12/40/31616. Al Kuhaimi S. A. // Vacuum, 1998, v. 51, pp. 349–55.17. Zelaya-Angel O., Alvarado-Gil J. J., Lozada-Morales R., Vargas H., Ferreira da Silva A. Band-gapshift in CdS semiconductor by photoacoustic spectroscopy: Evidence of a cubic to hexagonal lattice transition.Appl. Phys. Lett., 1994, v. 64(3), pp. 291–293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.11118418. Chopra K. L. Thin Film Phenomena. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969, 266 p.19. Pattabi M., Uchil J. Synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 2000,v. 63(4), pp. 309–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(00)00050-720. Hani Khallaf, Isaiah O. Oladeji, Guangyu Chai, Lee Chow. Characterization of CdS thin fi lms grown bychemical bath deposition using four different cadmium sources. Thin Solid Films, 2008, v. 516(21), pp. 7306–7312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.01.00421. Sasikala G., Thilakan P., Subramanian C. Modifi cation in the chemical bath deposition apparatus,growth and characterization of CdS semiconducting thin fi lms for photovoltaic applications. Sol. Ener gyMater. Sol. Cells, 2000, v. 62(3), pp. 275–293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0927-0248(99)00170-122. Toma A., Vigil O., Alvarado-Gil J. J., Lozada-Morales R., Zelaya-Angel O., Vargas H., et al. Infl uenceof thermal annealings in different atmospheres on the band-gap shift and resistivity of CdS thin fi lms. J. Appl.Phys., 1995, v. 78(4), p. 2204–2207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.360136

1.As mineralocorticoid and adrenocorticoid activity are both under the diurnal control of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, we aimed to evaluate whether the normal circadian rhythm of cortisol and aldosterone secretion was suppressed by inhaled corticosteroid therapy. 2.Ten normotensive patients with mild–moderate asthma, mean age 24.0 (S.D. 9.8) years and mean arterial pressure 90.7 (9.8) mmHg, were studied in a double-blind, randomized crossover design comparing placebo with fluticasone propionate, 1000 ;μg administered twice daily at 08:00 ;h and 20:00 ;h. After 5 days of repeated dosing at steady state, measurements were made of plasma cortisol and aldosterone at midnight and 08:00 ;h. 3.With placebo there was a significant (P< 0.05) difference between cortisol values at 08:00 ;h (588.6±83.8 ;nmol/l) and midnight (109.6±35.0 ;nmol/l), whereas after treatment with fluticasone propionate there was no significant difference between levels at 08:00 ;h (143.3±57.4 ;nmol/l) and midnight (64.3±22.3 ;nmol/l). For cortisol at 08:00 ;h there was also a significant (P< 0.05) difference between placebo and fluticasone propionate. The same pattern was observed for aldosterone. Plasma aldosterone levels at 08:00 ;h after treatment with placebo (129.6±30.9 ;nmol/l) were significantly different (P< 0.05) to those seen at midnight (40.4±6.2 ;nmol/l). After treatment with fluticasone propionate, there was no significant difference between levels at midnight (55.4±11.7 ;nmol/l) and 08:00 ;h (64.8±12.7 ;nmol/l). 4.These results show that inhaled corticosteroid therapy abolishes the circadian rhythm of aldosterone and cortisol secretion. This may have possible implications for patients taking inhaled corticosteroids in terms of the beneficial cardiac effects of suppressing early morning aldosterone.

Objective: The objective of this work was to study the electroencephalographic (EEG) grading of neuronal dysfunction in encephalopathy of various etiologies and assess their association with clinical outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between June and November 2018 at the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 222 patients in whom encephalopathy was diagnosed. Results: In patients suffering from encephalopathy, advanced age ( P = .01), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores ( P = .00), and certain etiologies, namely hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) ( P = .00), septic encephalopathy ( P = .01), and other illnesses ( P = .00), were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, whereas traumatic brain injury (TBI) ( P = .01) and GCS >7 ( P = .00) were associated with favorable outcomes. Among different etiologies, EEG grade I ( P = .02) and grade IV ( P = .04) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with TBI while grade III ( P = .05) and grade V ( P = .02) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with HIE. Grade I ( P = .03) neuronal dysfunction was mostly observed in septic encephalopathy cases, while patients suffering from other illnesses were also found to have grade I ( P = .04) and grade IV ( P = .05) neuronal dysfunction based on their EEG. Conclusion: EEG is being conducted routinely to determine the course and severity of various forms of encephalopathy. However, the clinical implications of EEG grading for neuronal dysfunction are largely dependent on underlying etiology and other clinical parameters, such as age and GCS score. Further larger prospective cohort studies involving other important prognostic parameters and continuous EEG monitoring are thus needed.

Objectives: Borderline acetabular dysplasia is classically defined as a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of 20-25 degrees. The optimal treatment strategy in this patient group remains controversial, with some patients having primarily hip instability-based symptoms, while others have primarily impingement-based symptoms (non-instability). The purpose of the current study was to define the 3D characteristics on low-dose CT that differentiate patients with instability symptoms from those without instability in the setting of borderline acetabular dysplasia. Methods: Seventy consecutive hips with borderline acetabular dysplasia undergoing surgical treatment were included in the current study. All patients underwent low-dose pelvic CT with femoral version assessment for preoperative planning. CT measurements included alpha angle and radial acetabular coverage (RAC) at standardized clockface positions (9:00-posterior to 3:00-anterior), central and cranial acetabular version. RAC was assessed in three sectors (anterior, superior, and posterior) and defined (relative to published normative data) as normal (-1 SD, +1 SD), undercoverage (<-1 SD), or overcoverage (>+1 SD). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the CT characteristics of the symptomatic instability and non-instability groups. Results: Of the 70 hips, 62.9% had the diagnosis of symptomatic instability, while 37.1% had no instability symptoms. Hips with instability (compared to non-instability) had significantly lower alpha angle (maximal difference at 1:00 - 47.0° vs. 59.4°), increased femoral version (22.3° vs. 15.3°), and decreased radial acetabular coverage (maximal difference at 1:00 – 59.9% vs. 62.2%) (all p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified femoral version (OR 1.1, p=0.02), alpha angle at 1:00 (OR 0.91, p=0.02), and RAC at 1:00 (OR 0.46, p=0.003) as independent predictors of the presence of instability. The model combining these three factors had excellent predictive probability with a c-statistic 0.92. Conclusion: We found significant differences in the 3D hip morphology of the symptomatic instability and non-instability subgroups within the borderline dysplasia cohort. In the setting of borderline dysplasia, three-dimensional deformity characterization with low-dose CT allowed for differentiation of patients diagnosed with underlying instability vs. non-instability. Femoral version, alpha angle at 1:00, and radial acetabular coverage at 1:00 were identified as independent predictors of diagnosis in borderline acetabular dysplasia.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de las micorrizas, fertilización química y su combinación en área foliar, composición morfológica, producción y calidad de semilla de mijo perla (Pennisetum glaucum Br.). La evaluación se realizó en primavera-verano 2013 en el Campo Experimental San Luis del INIFAP, se utilizaron micorrizas INIFAP y Azo-Fer, así como 120-60-00 y combinación de micorrizas con 60-30-00 y un testigo (sin ningún fertilizante). Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de planta, índice de área foliar, composición morfológica, producción de semilla, peso de mil semillas, peso hectolítrico, pureza, contenido de humedad, número de semillas por kg y eficiencia en el uso de agua. Se usó un diseño experimental completamente al azar (Tukey, 0.05). No se observaron diferencias (p> 0.05) en índice de altura de planta, área foliar, pureza, humedad, peso hectolítrico y peso de mil semillas. La producción de semilla fue similar (p> 0.05, kg ha-1) con uso de biofertilizantes y fertilizantes (micorriza INIFAP=2 221; micorriza INIFAP + 60-30-00= 1 811, micorriza Azo-Fer = 1 783; micorriza Azo-Fer + 60-30-00 = 1 754) y nutrición mineral (2 685); sin embargo, diferentes al testigo (p≤ 0.05; 1 631). En composición morfológica tanto en antesis como estado lechoso-masoso, no hubo diferencia en biomasa de tallos entre las fuentes de nutrición (p≤ 0.05) y fueron diferentes al testigo.

Introduction: Borderline acetabular dysplasia is classically defined as a lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of 20-25 degrees. The optimal treatment strategy in this patient group remains controversial, with some patients having primarily hip instability-based symptoms, while others have primarily impingement-based symptoms (non-instability). The purpose of the current study was to define the 3D characteristics on low-dose CT that differentiate patients with instability symptoms from those without instability in the setting of borderline acetabular dysplasia. Methods: Seventy consecutive hips with borderline acetabular dysplasia undergoing surgical treatment were included in the current study. All patients underwent low-dose pelvic CT with femoral version assessment for preoperative planning. CT measurements included alpha angle and radial acetabular coverage (RAC) at standardized clockface positions (9:00-posterior to 3:00-anterior), central and cranial acetabular version. RAC was assessed in three sectors (anterior, superior, and posterior) and defined (relative to published normative data) as normal (-1 SD, +1 SD), undercoverage (<-1 SD), or overcoverage (>+1 SD). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the CT characteristics of the symptomatic instability and non-instability groups. Results: Of the 70 hips, 62.9% had the diagnosis of symptomatic instability, while 37.1% had no instability symptoms. Hips with instability (compared to non-instability) had significantly lower alpha angle (maximal difference at 1:00 - 47.0° vs. 59.4°), increased femoral version (22.3° vs. 15.3°), and decreased radial acetabular coverage (maximal difference at 1:00 – 59.9% vs. 62.2%) (all p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified femoral version (OR 1.1, p=0.02), alpha angle at 1:00 (OR 0.91, p=0.02), and RAC at 1:00 (OR 0.46, p=0.003) as independent predictors of the presence of instability. The model combining these three factors had excellent predictive probability with a c-statistic 0.92. Conclusion: We found significant differences in the 3D hip morphology of the symptomatic instability and non-instability subgroups within the borderline dysplasia cohort. In the setting of borderline dysplasia, three-dimensional deformity characterization with low-dose CT allowed for differentiation of patients diagnosed with underlying instability vs. non-instability. Femoral version, alpha angle at 1:00, and radial acetabular coverage at 1:00 were identified as independent predictors of diagnosis in borderline acetabular dysplasia. Summary: This study attempts to define 3D CT characteristics to help distinguish between patients with impingement-based vs instability-based symptoms of borderline acetabular dysplasia.

Este estudo objetiva avaliar o fator de condição (K) de cinco espécies de peixes (Serrasalmus rhombeus, Psectrogaster amazonica, Loricaria cataphracta, Panaque nigrolineatus e Squaliforma emarginata). As coletas foram realizadas utilizando-se quatro jogos de redes de malhar e cinco armadilhas, os quais foram colocados ao longo de um trecho de 1000 m das 17:00 às 7:00. Os peixes coletados foram identificados taxonomicamente, pesados (g) e medidos (comprimento standard; mm). A condição física dos peixes foi calculada pelo fator de condição (K=W/L³) e comparada por grupo de cursos de água utilizando um teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Das cinco espécies consideradas S. emarginata e P. amazonica mostraram diferenças na condição física por grupo de cursos de água. Os maiores valores de K de ambas as espécies correspondem aos espécimes localizados em cursos de água de cabeceira, enquanto que baixos valores são encontrados em peixes dos cursos de água na planície.