Academic literature on the topic '225.6/1'
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Journal articles on the topic "225.6/1"
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Liu, Zhibei, Jiangang Li, Meijie Zhu, Li Wang, Yuqiong Kang, Zhaohan Dang, Jiasen Yan, and Xiangming He. "Enhanced Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Materials by Ga Doping." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081816.
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Structural instability during cycling is an important factor affecting the electrochemical performance of nickel-rich ternary cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. In this work, enhanced structural stability and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials are achieved by Ga doping. Compared with the pristine electrode, Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]0.98Ga0.02O2 electrode exhibits remarkably improved electrochemical performance and thermal safety. At 0.5C rate, the discharge capacity increases from 169.3 mAh g−1 to 177 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention also rises from 82.8% to 89.8% after 50 cycles. In the charged state of 4.3 V, its exothermic temperature increases from 245.13 °C to more than 271.24 °C, and the total exothermic heat decreases from 561.7 to 225.6 J·g−1. Both AC impedance spectroscopy and in situ XRD analysis confirmed that Ga doping can improve the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface structure and bulk structure during cycling, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material.
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Fu, Yuanke, Liping Wang, Sicong Zhao, Yicheng Feng, and Lei Wang. "Effect of Al Content on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn Alloy." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237145.
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In the present paper, the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloys with different Al addition were fabricated by the gravity permanent mold method. The effect of Al content on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy was studied by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, XRD and tensile testing. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy consisted of α-Mg phase and island-shaped Mg3 (RE, Zn) phase. When Al element was added, Al2RE phase and lamellar Mg12REZn (LPSO) phase were formed in the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy. With increasing Al content, LPSO phase and Mg3 (RE, Zn) phase gradually decreased, while Al2RE phase gradually increased. There were only α-Mg and Al2RE phases in the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn-5Al alloy. With the increase of Al content, the grain size decreased firstly and then increased. When the Al content was 1 wt.%, the grain size of the alloy was the minimum value (28.9 μm). The ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased firstly and then decreased with increasing Al addition. And the fracture mode changed from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture with increasing addition. When Al addition was 1 wt.%, the maximum ultimate tensile strength reached 225.6 MPa, and the elongation was 7.8%. When the content of Al element was 3 wt.%, the maximum elongation reached 10.2% and the ultimate tensile strength was 207.7 MPa.
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Mohammed, Saad A., and Mohammed H. Naile. "EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA INOCULATION AND BIOZYME SPRAY ON THE CONTENT OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF NUTRIENTS ELEMENTS OF SUMMER SQUASH." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 12, special (July 16, 2020): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.20121047.
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A experiment of field with conducted for the spring season 2018 on summer squash in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering, College of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University to find out the effect of adding bio fertilizer and spraying with Biozyme as bio fertilizers were added at four levels1-Without adding (comparison) 2- Complete chemical fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer 3- Half fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50g bio fertilizer 4- 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50 g bio fertilizer and Number of times sprayed with the Biozyme it was included 4 levels 1- without spray 2- One time spray 3- Tow times spray 4- Three times spray of. The results showed that all treatments recorded a significant difference compared with control treatments (half fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50 g bio fertilizer) in all studied traits including leaf content of nitrogen 1.02%, phosphorus 0.47%, potassium 1.79%, iron 225.6 mg kg-1 and zinc 69.50 mg kg-1 , fruit content of Nitrogen 0.98%, phosphorus 0.70% and potassium 0.68% compared to the comparison treatment. Three times the application of spray Biozyme gave a significant superiority in leaf content of nitrogen 0.98%, phosphorus 0.42%, potassium 1.73%, iron 217.1 mg kg-1 , zinc 64.42 mg kg-1 , and fruit content of nitrogen Phosphorus 0.67%, potassium 0.66% by comparison. As for the interaction between the bio fertilizer and the number of times sprayed with the Biozyme, the treatment (half fertilizer recommendation + 50g poultry manure + 50g wax bio fertilizer three times sprayed with biozyme) gave a significant superiority in all the characteristics of the study, which included leaves content of nitrogen 1.09%. , Phosphorus 0.56%, potassium 1.83%, iron 243.0 mg kg-1 , zinc 78.67 mg kg-1 , fruit content of nitrogen 1.49%, phosphorus 0.77% and potassium 0.73% by compared to control treatment.
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Behanova, Martina, Judith Haschka, Berthold Reichardt, Hans-Peter Dimai, Heinrich Resch, Jochen Zwerina, and Roland Kocijan. "Pelvic Fractures—An Underestimated Problem? Incidence and Mortality Risk after Pelvic Fracture in Austria, 2010–2018." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102834.
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(1) Background: Pelvic fractures (PFs) are related to osteoporosis, and represent a serious individual and socioeconomic burden. (2) Methods: We examined age- and sex-standardised incidence rates (SIRs) of PF, along with rates of all-cause overall and one-year mortality among patients with PF. We compared the mortality rates between PF patients and a matched fracture-free cohort. Patients ≥50 years old in Austria hospitalised with PF in 2010–2018, along with their dates of death, were recorded. (3) Results: We identified 54,975 patients with PF, of whom 70.9% were women. Between 2010 and 2018 the SIR of PF increased in men by 10.0%—from 125.3 (95% Confidence Interval 118.9–132.0) to 137.8 (95% CI 131.8–144.0) per 100,000—and in women by 2.7%—from 218.7 (95% CI 212.0–225.6) to 224.7 (95% CI 218.3–231.3) per 100,000. The one-year post-PF mortality rate was higher in men than in women (13.0% and 11.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Pelvic fracture patients aged ≥65 had an elevated mortality risk (Hazard Ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.71–1.79, p < 0.001) compared to controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a clear increase in the incidence of PF in the elderly population, with a greater increase in men over time. Pelvic fracture itself contributes to increased mortality in individuals aged 65 and above.
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Al-Buainain, Maryam, Vasanth C. Shunmugasamy, Chaudhry A. Usman, and Bilal Mansoor. "Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical and Corrosion Response of a Friction Stir-Extruded WE43 Magnesium Rod." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020191.
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Friction stir extrusion (FSE) was used with WE43 Mg to create a rod with a hybrid microstructure. The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was characterized in Hank’s balanced salt solution at 37 ± 1 °C. The rod showed refined grains near the edge, while coarse grains were observed at the rod center. A larger fraction of precipitates was observed near the edge possibly hindering grain growth. The refined grains and the presence of a larger fraction of precipitates in the edge regions resulted in higher hardness owing to a confluence of precipitate hardening and solid–solution strengthening. Texture analysis of the rod cross-section exhibited a basal texture, perpendicular to the extrusion direction and populating the rod’s outer surface. In compression, the rod showed a near-base material yield strength (225.6 MPa) and a good combination of compressive strength (357.5 MPa) and ductility (~17.7%). The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was sensitive to variations in the grain size, texture, and precipitate distribution between the rod core and edge regions. Removal of the edge region resulted in the formation of a more stable and protective film with an increase in the immersion period. The results from the study establish the ability of the FSE process to tailor the rod microstructure thereby influencing the mechanical properties and corrosion rate of Mg alloy.
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Ariz Muhammad Pirzado, Bhai Khan Solangi, Din Muhammad Soomro, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed, Khadim Hussain Wagan, Faiza Abbasi, Jawad Hyder Soomro, Shafee Muhammad, Abdul Rahman Tunio, and Nimra Razzaq. "Monitoring of the Fruit Flies (Bactrocera spp.) Infesting Jujube Orchard using Static Spinosad Traps." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 59, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)736.
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Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are regarded as serious insect pests of fruits and vegetables in the world. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of spinosad traps on Bactrocera spp. at different heights 0, 1, 2, and 3 m on jujube tree during 2020-2021. Flies’ populations were counted weekly. The results revealed that the highest population of B. zonata (225.6 flies) were recorded at 2 m height on (22 October, 2020) and the lowest ones (21.6 flies) were recorded at the ground level (0 m height) during (4 February, 2021). However, the overall maximum catches were 158.95 at 2 m height and minimum was 68.72 at the ground level. Similarly, the maximum population of B. dorsalis was (50.5 flies) at 2 m height during (9 October, 2020), but the minimum (2.5 flies) was in the ground level during (4 February, 2021). The overall highest B. dorsalis catches were (43.50 flies) at 2 m height and the lowest was (3.55 flies) at ground level. The population of B. zonata correlated positively (r= 0.2939**) with temperature, but negatively (r= -0.0223NS) with relative humidity. However, B. dorsalis populations was positive correlated with both of the temperature and relative humidity (r= 0.0261** and r= 0.0091NS, respectively). Ultimately, pheromone traps (Spinosad+Methyl eugenol) at 2 m height are highly recommended to catches both fruit flies (B. zonata and B. dorsalis) in Jujube Orchards.
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Jones, Edward R., Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Manzoor Qadir, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. "Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-237-2021.
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Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously promoting sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and manufacturing wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. We use a data-driven approach, collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data resources. Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin (∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated, which is substantially lower than previous estimates of ∼80 %. An estimated 40.7×109 m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally reused. Substantial differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 % of the global population in high-income countries produces 41 % of global wastewater. Treated-wastewater reuse is particularly substantial in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and western Europe (16 %), while comprising just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population, respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected to wastewater management. Our spatially explicit results available at 5 arcmin resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones et al., 2020).
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Ruiz-Domínguez, Mari Carmen, Marjorie Jáuregui, Elena Medina, Carolina Jaime, and Pedro Cerezal. "Rapid Green Extractions of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima for Functional Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9101987.
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Cyanobacteria are a rich source of bioactive compounds, mainly in the Arthospira sp., and one of the most interesting components in recent years has been C-phycocyanin (C-PC). There have been several conventional methods for their extraction, among which stand out: chemical products, freezing-thawing (FT); enzymatic, and maceration (M); which have come to be replaced by more environmentally friendly methods, such as those assisted by microwaves (MW) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim of the research was to use these two “green extraction processes” to obtain C-PC from cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima because they improve functionality and are fast. Extractions of C-PC were studied by means of two experimental designs for MW and HPH, based on a response surface methodology (RSM) employing, firstly, a factorial design 33: power (100, 200, and 300 W), time (15, 30, and 60 s), and types of solvents (distiller water, Na-phosphate buffer and, distiller water: Na-phosphate buffer (Ph 7.0; 1:1, v/v); and secondly, two factors with different levels: Pressure (800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 bar) and, types of solvents (distilled water, Na-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) 100 mM and, Na-phosphate buffer:water 1:1, (v/v)). Optimum C-PC content was achieved with the HPH process under Na-phosphate solvent at 1400 bar (291.9 ± 6.7 mg/g) and the MW method showed improved results using distilled water as a solvent at 100 W for 30 s (215.0 ± 5.5 mg/g). In the case of conventional methods, the freeze–thawing procedure reached better results than maceration using the buffer (225.6 ± 2.6 mg/g). This last one also did not show a significant difference between solvents (a range of 147.7–162.0 mg/g). Finally, the main advantage of using green extractions are the high C-PC yield achieved, effectively reducing both processing times, costs, and increasing the economic and functional applications of the bioactive compound.
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Tkachuk, О. V., and A. B. Kebkalo. "Features of treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2021-1-17.
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The purpose of the work is to improve the results of treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients and to develop an algorithm for comprehensive treatment. Materials and methods. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis and obesity (mean BMI 37.48 ± 2.19 kg/m2) were randomized into two groups. In the experimental group (n = 18; step-up approach),early resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution and ulinastatin in the first 5 days of the disease was used. Unilastatin was administered at a dose of 200,000IU by 1-hourintravenous infusion TID for 5 days. The first stage of surgery was a drainage under ultrasound control, the second stage (if necessary) was laparoscopic retroperitoneal necrectomy (video-assistedretroperitoneal debridement — VARD). Open surgery was performed in case of development of abdominal compartment syndrome. In the control group (n = 18; standard approach), resuscitation was performed with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution without ulinastatin. The first stage of surgery was drainage under ultrasound control, the second stage was traditional median laparotomy with laparostomy. Results. The use of resuscitation with Ringer’s lactate solution in combination with ulinastatin for 5 days contributed to a decrease of procalcitoninlevels by 1.8 times (2.89 ± 0.88 compared with 1.8 ± 0.23 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05). The level of CRP during the period of ulinastatin decreased by 41.68 mg/l (267.28 ± 114.11 compared with 225.6 ± 84.9 mg/l; p = 0.01; α = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in procalcitonin levels between groups on the 10th day (1.83 compared with 3.32 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05), on the 15th day (1.15 compared with 1 .83 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05) and on the 45th day (0.35 compared with 0.55 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05). These results confirm the effect of the proposed method of treatment by reducing the risk of infection. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed treatment algorithm is evidenced by a statistically significant difference in the level of CRP between groups on the 10th day (p = 0.035; α = 0.05). The use of VARD in the experimental group as a second stage of surgery is a less traumatic but effective method (p = 0.001; α = 0.05), which reduces the total number of complications (χ² = 4.012; p = 0.046). Evaluation of data «before—after» revealed the effectiveness of treatment by step-up approach (χ² = 5.4; p = 0.021).
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Utyanov, Dmitry A., Anastasia Semenova, Andrey V. Kulikovskii, Alexandra S. Knyazeva, and Nataliya Revuckaya. "517 Late-Breaking: Influence of Pre-heat Treatment on the Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Grilled Pork." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.370.
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Abstract Pork steaks (m. Longissimus dorsi) with a thickness of 15±5 mm were prepared for the experiment. Ready-made mixtures intended for catering were used during the preparation of samples for marinating steaks: - marinade containing a mixture of vegetable oils, salt, paprika, garlic, onion and black pepper (sample 1); - marinade, which contains water, salt, paprika, black pepper, red pepper, garlic, coriander and mustard (sample 2); and mixtures for dry marinating:- mixture with red pepper (salt, red pepper) (sample 3);- mixture with paprika (salt, paprika) (sample 4). Salting and pickling were carried out at a temperature of 4±2°C for 24 hours. Thereafter, the steaks were grilled at 230°C for 10 minutes using electric grill, and the steaks were turned over once during the cooking process. Steaks that were not pickled and salted were taken as a control sample. Samples were tested for the presence of MeIQx and PhIP. The analysis was performed using an Agilent 1200 HPLC system (USA) with an Agilent 6410B three quadrupole mass spectrometer (Fragmentor voltage 130 V, Dissociation energy 30 V, molecular ions 214.6 and 225.6 m/z, daughter ions 199.5 and 210.5 m/z for MeIQx and PhIP respectively). The studies were carried out in two selections with 3 parallel measurements in each. The arithmetic mean of three parallels in the first selection was taken as the final result, provided that the Student’s t-distribution of two samples for each analyte to be determined in each sample did not exceed the tabular value at n=3 and the confidence level p=0.95, i.e., the differences between the samples are not statistically significant. Studies have shown that long-term preliminary processing of meat by marinating and salting led to both a decrease and an increase in the content of HAA in fried steaks. The results of studies of HAA content in the control and experimental samples are shown in the Table.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "225.6/1"
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Kurcina, John Elgin. "Responding to heresy : New Testament patterns of response to false teaching - Galatians, 1 Timothy, 1 John." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573745.
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This study is an attempt at understanding how and why the New Testament responds to false teaching as it does. It will be limited in scope to a survey of Galatians, 1 Timothy, and 1 John as samples of the New Testament response to false teaching. Each canonical document will be examined on its own to discover each particular author's strategies for and aims in responding to false teaching. The findings from the sample documents will be integrated and New Testament patterns of response to false teaching will be proposed. In the end, it will be shown that, in responding to false teaching, the New Testament asserts authority over opponents, identifies opponents' teaching as heretical, emphasizes the serious threat posed by heresy, promotes Christian orthodoxy, encourages the church to choose fidelity and encourages the church to remove false teachers. These findings should form the beginning of a more complete study of the New Testament response to false teaching, and as canonical documents of the Christian church, this study should inform the church in its response to heresy.
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Davies, James P. "Paul among the apocalypses? : an evaluation of the 'apocalyptic Paul' in the context of Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6945.
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One of the most lively and enduring debates in New Testament studies is the question of the significance of ‘apocalyptic' thought in Paul. This has recently given birth to a group of scholars, with a common theological genealogy, who share a concern to emphasise the ‘apocalyptic' nature of Paul's gospel. Leading figures of this group are J. Louis Martyn, Martinus de Boer, Beverly Gaventa and Douglas Campbell. The work of this group has not been received without criticism, drawing fire from various quarters. However, what is often lacking (on both sides) is detailed engagement with the texts of the Jewish and Christian apocalypses. This dissertation attempts to evaluate the ‘apocalyptic Paul' movement through an examination of its major theological emphases in the light of the Jewish apocalypses 1 Enoch, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch and the Christian book of Revelation. Placing Paul in this literary and historical context confirms his place as an apocalyptic thinker, but raises important questions about how this is construed in these recent approaches. Each chapter will address one of four interrelated themes: epistemology, eschatology, cosmology and soteriology. The study intends to suggest that the ‘apocalyptic Paul' movement is characterised at key points in each area by potentially false dichotomies, strict dualisms which unnecessarily screen out what Paul's apocalyptic thought affirms.
Books on the topic "225.6/1"
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W, Yarbrough Robert, ed. Encountering the New Testament: A historical and theological survey. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, 2005.
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W, Yarbrough Robert, ed. Encountering the New Testament: A historical and theological survey. Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Books, 1998.
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C, Penner Todd, ed. The writings of the New Testament: An interpretation. Minneapolis, Minn: Fortress Press, 1999.
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C, Penner Todd, ed. The writings of the New Testament: An interpretation. London: SCM Press, 2002.
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Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William B., 2001.
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Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William B., 2001.
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Introducing the New Testament: Its Literature and Theology. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2001.
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Introducing the New Testament: A historical, literary, and theological survey. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2009.
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A Concise Guide to Reading the New Testament: A Canonical Introduction. Baker Academic, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "225.6/1"
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L.Sihler, Andrew. "Lengthening of Vowels in Latin." In New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, 75–76. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083453.003.0013.
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Abstract 1. Certain consonant groups, such as medial sn and sId and final ns, simplify with lengthening of the preceding vowel (225.1). 2. Vowels were regularly lengthened before a nasal plus a fricative (ns, nf), and before net, as in consul, ‘fnjrii, iunctus. Similar lengthening before nx is but vaguely attested; on the one hand there is the epigraphic evidence of forms like CONIVNXIT, while on the other hand Priscian expressly states that the first vowel of vinx’f is short. LACHMANN’s RULE. As Roman authorities themselves point out, in some few verbs the past participle (and similar forms, like action nouns intio) had a long vowel when the pres. stem had a short one; and that this phenomenon was typical of roots ending in a voiced stop. Thus to roots ending in g;. lectus, rectus, tectus, iictus, tiictus, piictus but pres. legii, regii, tango, ago, tegii, pango; and to those ending in d, v’fsus, fiisus, esus, ciisum, but video, [undo, edii, cado. This antique rule of thumb has latterly been promoted to a phonological principle, whereby the lengthening is regarded as resulting from the change of the voiced root-final voiced consonant to a voiceless one. However, lengthening is not invariable with devoicing, as is proved by stn”ctus (stringii), passum (pandii), ftssus (ftndii), scissus (scindii), sessum (sfdii), ingressus (ingredior), and others.
Conference papers on the topic "225.6/1"
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Buck, Jesse D., and William K. Bischel. "Cross sections and line shapes for transitions to autoionizing levels of atomic oxygen accessed from the 3P(3PJ) two-photon excited state." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.wf4.
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We are engaged in experiments to probe highly excited autoionizing levels of atomic oxygen using a double-resonance laser ionization scheme. Oxygen atoms are prepared by subjecting O2 to a microwave discharge at a pressure of ~0.2 Torr. A pump laser provides 225.7-nm photons to populate the 3p levels by two-photon absorption, also ionizing a small fraction of the excited atoms by absorption of a third photon. A second probe laser delayed by ~10 ns is scanned over energies of interest, and the ion current enhancement is recorded. We have observed ion signals from the 3d′(3S°, 3P°, 3D°) autoionizing states at ~124,000 cm−1. Absolute ionization cross sections are obtained by reference to the known value of 5.3 × 10−19 cm2 for 225.7-nm photons. A variety of autoionizing line shapes are observed, and further work is in progress to identify the nature of this behavior. We are also measuring cross sections for nonresonant ionization as the probe laser is tuned through the ionization continuum. The continuum data are useful for guiding the development of accurate theoretical descriptions of the final state in the ionization process.
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Packer, Ryan, Brian D. Jensen, and Anton E. Bowden. "Design and Modeling of a Prosthetic Venous Valve." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86164.
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is a disease of the lower limbs that affects millions of people in the United States. CVI results from incompetent venous valves. The purpose of venous valves is to prevent retrograde blood flow to the lower limbs. Valve failure can lead to edema, pain, and ulcers. One solution that has great potential is to create an implantable venous valve that could restore function of the venous system. No prosthetic venous valves are clinically used currently because of problems with biocompatiblility and thrombogenicity caused by high shear rates. This paper presents a prosthetic venous valve that could overcome these difficulties by using carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes (CI-CNTs). This material has been proven to be thrombo-resistant, biocompatible due to its non-reactive properties, and durable. The valve was designed to be initially open and to close with physiological pressures. Finite element modeling showed that, with a hydrostatic pressure of 20 mmHg (the minimum hydrostatic pressure in the common femoral vein), it fully closed with a maximum stress of 117 MPa, which is below the ultimate strength of CI-CNTs. A computational fluid dynamics analysis demonstrated the valve would cause a maximum shear rate of 225.1 s−1, which is less than the maximum shear rate in the body. Hence, this valve would be less likely than previous prosthetic valves to develop blood clots. Currently, this is the lowest shear rate reported for a prosthetic venous valve. These results demonstrate that a CI-CNT prosthetic venous valve has the potential to be an effective treatment for CVI.