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1
Liu, Zhibei, Jiangang Li, Meijie Zhu, Li Wang, Yuqiong Kang, Zhaohan Dang, Jiasen Yan, and Xiangming He. "Enhanced Structural Stability and Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Cathode Materials by Ga Doping." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081816.
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Structural instability during cycling is an important factor affecting the electrochemical performance of nickel-rich ternary cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. In this work, enhanced structural stability and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials are achieved by Ga doping. Compared with the pristine electrode, Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]0.98Ga0.02O2 electrode exhibits remarkably improved electrochemical performance and thermal safety. At 0.5C rate, the discharge capacity increases from 169.3 mAh g−1 to 177 mAh g−1, and the capacity retention also rises from 82.8% to 89.8% after 50 cycles. In the charged state of 4.3 V, its exothermic temperature increases from 245.13 °C to more than 271.24 °C, and the total exothermic heat decreases from 561.7 to 225.6 J·g−1. Both AC impedance spectroscopy and in situ XRD analysis confirmed that Ga doping can improve the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface structure and bulk structure during cycling, which helps to improve the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material.
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Fu, Yuanke, Liping Wang, Sicong Zhao, Yicheng Feng, and Lei Wang. "Effect of Al Content on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn Alloy." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 7145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237145.
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In the present paper, the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloys with different Al addition were fabricated by the gravity permanent mold method. The effect of Al content on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy was studied by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, XRD and tensile testing. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of as-cast Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy consisted of α-Mg phase and island-shaped Mg3 (RE, Zn) phase. When Al element was added, Al2RE phase and lamellar Mg12REZn (LPSO) phase were formed in the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn alloy. With increasing Al content, LPSO phase and Mg3 (RE, Zn) phase gradually decreased, while Al2RE phase gradually increased. There were only α-Mg and Al2RE phases in the Mg-11Gd-2Y-1Zn-5Al alloy. With the increase of Al content, the grain size decreased firstly and then increased. When the Al content was 1 wt.%, the grain size of the alloy was the minimum value (28.9 μm). The ultimate tensile strength and elongation increased firstly and then decreased with increasing Al addition. And the fracture mode changed from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture with increasing addition. When Al addition was 1 wt.%, the maximum ultimate tensile strength reached 225.6 MPa, and the elongation was 7.8%. When the content of Al element was 3 wt.%, the maximum elongation reached 10.2% and the ultimate tensile strength was 207.7 MPa.
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Mohammed, Saad A., and Mohammed H. Naile. "EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA INOCULATION AND BIOZYME SPRAY ON THE CONTENT OF LEAVES AND FRUITS OF NUTRIENTS ELEMENTS OF SUMMER SQUASH." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 12, special (July 16, 2020): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.20121047.
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A experiment of field with conducted for the spring season 2018 on summer squash in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Garden Engineering, College of Agriculture, Al-Anbar University to find out the effect of adding bio fertilizer and spraying with Biozyme as bio fertilizers were added at four levels1-Without adding (comparison) 2- Complete chemical fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer 3- Half fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50g bio fertilizer 4- 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50 g bio fertilizer and Number of times sprayed with the Biozyme it was included 4 levels 1- without spray 2- One time spray 3- Tow times spray 4- Three times spray of. The results showed that all treatments recorded a significant difference compared with control treatments (half fertilizer recommendation + 50 g poultry fertilizer + 50 g bio fertilizer) in all studied traits including leaf content of nitrogen 1.02%, phosphorus 0.47%, potassium 1.79%, iron 225.6 mg kg-1 and zinc 69.50 mg kg-1 , fruit content of Nitrogen 0.98%, phosphorus 0.70% and potassium 0.68% compared to the comparison treatment. Three times the application of spray Biozyme gave a significant superiority in leaf content of nitrogen 0.98%, phosphorus 0.42%, potassium 1.73%, iron 217.1 mg kg-1 , zinc 64.42 mg kg-1 , and fruit content of nitrogen Phosphorus 0.67%, potassium 0.66% by comparison. As for the interaction between the bio fertilizer and the number of times sprayed with the Biozyme, the treatment (half fertilizer recommendation + 50g poultry manure + 50g wax bio fertilizer three times sprayed with biozyme) gave a significant superiority in all the characteristics of the study, which included leaves content of nitrogen 1.09%. , Phosphorus 0.56%, potassium 1.83%, iron 243.0 mg kg-1 , zinc 78.67 mg kg-1 , fruit content of nitrogen 1.49%, phosphorus 0.77% and potassium 0.73% by compared to control treatment.
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Behanova, Martina, Judith Haschka, Berthold Reichardt, Hans-Peter Dimai, Heinrich Resch, Jochen Zwerina, and Roland Kocijan. "Pelvic Fractures—An Underestimated Problem? Incidence and Mortality Risk after Pelvic Fracture in Austria, 2010–2018." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102834.
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(1) Background: Pelvic fractures (PFs) are related to osteoporosis, and represent a serious individual and socioeconomic burden. (2) Methods: We examined age- and sex-standardised incidence rates (SIRs) of PF, along with rates of all-cause overall and one-year mortality among patients with PF. We compared the mortality rates between PF patients and a matched fracture-free cohort. Patients ≥50 years old in Austria hospitalised with PF in 2010–2018, along with their dates of death, were recorded. (3) Results: We identified 54,975 patients with PF, of whom 70.9% were women. Between 2010 and 2018 the SIR of PF increased in men by 10.0%—from 125.3 (95% Confidence Interval 118.9–132.0) to 137.8 (95% CI 131.8–144.0) per 100,000—and in women by 2.7%—from 218.7 (95% CI 212.0–225.6) to 224.7 (95% CI 218.3–231.3) per 100,000. The one-year post-PF mortality rate was higher in men than in women (13.0% and 11.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Pelvic fracture patients aged ≥65 had an elevated mortality risk (Hazard Ratio 1.75, 95% CI 1.71–1.79, p < 0.001) compared to controls. (4) Conclusions: There is a clear increase in the incidence of PF in the elderly population, with a greater increase in men over time. Pelvic fracture itself contributes to increased mortality in individuals aged 65 and above.
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Al-Buainain, Maryam, Vasanth C. Shunmugasamy, Chaudhry A. Usman, and Bilal Mansoor. "Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical and Corrosion Response of a Friction Stir-Extruded WE43 Magnesium Rod." Metals 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020191.
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Friction stir extrusion (FSE) was used with WE43 Mg to create a rod with a hybrid microstructure. The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was characterized in Hank’s balanced salt solution at 37 ± 1 °C. The rod showed refined grains near the edge, while coarse grains were observed at the rod center. A larger fraction of precipitates was observed near the edge possibly hindering grain growth. The refined grains and the presence of a larger fraction of precipitates in the edge regions resulted in higher hardness owing to a confluence of precipitate hardening and solid–solution strengthening. Texture analysis of the rod cross-section exhibited a basal texture, perpendicular to the extrusion direction and populating the rod’s outer surface. In compression, the rod showed a near-base material yield strength (225.6 MPa) and a good combination of compressive strength (357.5 MPa) and ductility (~17.7%). The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was sensitive to variations in the grain size, texture, and precipitate distribution between the rod core and edge regions. Removal of the edge region resulted in the formation of a more stable and protective film with an increase in the immersion period. The results from the study establish the ability of the FSE process to tailor the rod microstructure thereby influencing the mechanical properties and corrosion rate of Mg alloy.
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Ariz Muhammad Pirzado, Bhai Khan Solangi, Din Muhammad Soomro, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed, Khadim Hussain Wagan, Faiza Abbasi, Jawad Hyder Soomro, Shafee Muhammad, Abdul Rahman Tunio, and Nimra Razzaq. "Monitoring of the Fruit Flies (Bactrocera spp.) Infesting Jujube Orchard using Static Spinosad Traps." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 59, no. 4 (December 12, 2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(59-4)736.
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Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are regarded as serious insect pests of fruits and vegetables in the world. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of spinosad traps on Bactrocera spp. at different heights 0, 1, 2, and 3 m on jujube tree during 2020-2021. Flies’ populations were counted weekly. The results revealed that the highest population of B. zonata (225.6 flies) were recorded at 2 m height on (22 October, 2020) and the lowest ones (21.6 flies) were recorded at the ground level (0 m height) during (4 February, 2021). However, the overall maximum catches were 158.95 at 2 m height and minimum was 68.72 at the ground level. Similarly, the maximum population of B. dorsalis was (50.5 flies) at 2 m height during (9 October, 2020), but the minimum (2.5 flies) was in the ground level during (4 February, 2021). The overall highest B. dorsalis catches were (43.50 flies) at 2 m height and the lowest was (3.55 flies) at ground level. The population of B. zonata correlated positively (r= 0.2939**) with temperature, but negatively (r= -0.0223NS) with relative humidity. However, B. dorsalis populations was positive correlated with both of the temperature and relative humidity (r= 0.0261** and r= 0.0091NS, respectively). Ultimately, pheromone traps (Spinosad+Methyl eugenol) at 2 m height are highly recommended to catches both fruit flies (B. zonata and B. dorsalis) in Jujube Orchards.
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Jones, Edward R., Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Manzoor Qadir, and Marc F. P. Bierkens. "Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-237-2021.
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Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously promoting sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and manufacturing wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. We use a data-driven approach, collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data resources. Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin (∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated, which is substantially lower than previous estimates of ∼80 %. An estimated 40.7×109 m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally reused. Substantial differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 % of the global population in high-income countries produces 41 % of global wastewater. Treated-wastewater reuse is particularly substantial in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and western Europe (16 %), while comprising just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population, respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected to wastewater management. Our spatially explicit results available at 5 arcmin resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments and can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones et al., 2020).
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Ruiz-Domínguez, Mari Carmen, Marjorie Jáuregui, Elena Medina, Carolina Jaime, and Pedro Cerezal. "Rapid Green Extractions of C-Phycocyanin from Arthrospira maxima for Functional Applications." Applied Sciences 9, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9101987.
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Cyanobacteria are a rich source of bioactive compounds, mainly in the Arthospira sp., and one of the most interesting components in recent years has been C-phycocyanin (C-PC). There have been several conventional methods for their extraction, among which stand out: chemical products, freezing-thawing (FT); enzymatic, and maceration (M); which have come to be replaced by more environmentally friendly methods, such as those assisted by microwaves (MW) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH). The aim of the research was to use these two “green extraction processes” to obtain C-PC from cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima because they improve functionality and are fast. Extractions of C-PC were studied by means of two experimental designs for MW and HPH, based on a response surface methodology (RSM) employing, firstly, a factorial design 33: power (100, 200, and 300 W), time (15, 30, and 60 s), and types of solvents (distiller water, Na-phosphate buffer and, distiller water: Na-phosphate buffer (Ph 7.0; 1:1, v/v); and secondly, two factors with different levels: Pressure (800, 1000, 1200, 1400, and 1600 bar) and, types of solvents (distilled water, Na-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) 100 mM and, Na-phosphate buffer:water 1:1, (v/v)). Optimum C-PC content was achieved with the HPH process under Na-phosphate solvent at 1400 bar (291.9 ± 6.7 mg/g) and the MW method showed improved results using distilled water as a solvent at 100 W for 30 s (215.0 ± 5.5 mg/g). In the case of conventional methods, the freeze–thawing procedure reached better results than maceration using the buffer (225.6 ± 2.6 mg/g). This last one also did not show a significant difference between solvents (a range of 147.7–162.0 mg/g). Finally, the main advantage of using green extractions are the high C-PC yield achieved, effectively reducing both processing times, costs, and increasing the economic and functional applications of the bioactive compound.
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Tkachuk, О. V., and A. B. Kebkalo. "Features of treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients." Clinical Endocrinology and Endocrine Surgery, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/cees-2021-1-17.
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The purpose of the work is to improve the results of treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients and to develop an algorithm for comprehensive treatment. Materials and methods. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis and obesity (mean BMI 37.48 ± 2.19 kg/m2) were randomized into two groups. In the experimental group (n = 18; step-up approach),early resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution and ulinastatin in the first 5 days of the disease was used. Unilastatin was administered at a dose of 200,000IU by 1-hourintravenous infusion TID for 5 days. The first stage of surgery was a drainage under ultrasound control, the second stage (if necessary) was laparoscopic retroperitoneal necrectomy (video-assistedretroperitoneal debridement — VARD). Open surgery was performed in case of development of abdominal compartment syndrome. In the control group (n = 18; standard approach), resuscitation was performed with 0.9 % sodium chloride solution without ulinastatin. The first stage of surgery was drainage under ultrasound control, the second stage was traditional median laparotomy with laparostomy. Results. The use of resuscitation with Ringer’s lactate solution in combination with ulinastatin for 5 days contributed to a decrease of procalcitoninlevels by 1.8 times (2.89 ± 0.88 compared with 1.8 ± 0.23 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05). The level of CRP during the period of ulinastatin decreased by 41.68 mg/l (267.28 ± 114.11 compared with 225.6 ± 84.9 mg/l; p = 0.01; α = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in procalcitonin levels between groups on the 10th day (1.83 compared with 3.32 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05), on the 15th day (1.15 compared with 1 .83 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05) and on the 45th day (0.35 compared with 0.55 ng/mg; p = 0.001; α = 0.05). These results confirm the effect of the proposed method of treatment by reducing the risk of infection. Conclusions. The effectiveness of the proposed treatment algorithm is evidenced by a statistically significant difference in the level of CRP between groups on the 10th day (p = 0.035; α = 0.05). The use of VARD in the experimental group as a second stage of surgery is a less traumatic but effective method (p = 0.001; α = 0.05), which reduces the total number of complications (χ² = 4.012; p = 0.046). Evaluation of data «before—after» revealed the effectiveness of treatment by step-up approach (χ² = 5.4; p = 0.021).
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Utyanov, Dmitry A., Anastasia Semenova, Andrey V. Kulikovskii, Alexandra S. Knyazeva, and Nataliya Revuckaya. "517 Late-Breaking: Influence of Pre-heat Treatment on the Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Grilled Pork." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.370.
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Abstract Pork steaks (m. Longissimus dorsi) with a thickness of 15±5 mm were prepared for the experiment. Ready-made mixtures intended for catering were used during the preparation of samples for marinating steaks: - marinade containing a mixture of vegetable oils, salt, paprika, garlic, onion and black pepper (sample 1); - marinade, which contains water, salt, paprika, black pepper, red pepper, garlic, coriander and mustard (sample 2); and mixtures for dry marinating:- mixture with red pepper (salt, red pepper) (sample 3);- mixture with paprika (salt, paprika) (sample 4). Salting and pickling were carried out at a temperature of 4±2°C for 24 hours. Thereafter, the steaks were grilled at 230°C for 10 minutes using electric grill, and the steaks were turned over once during the cooking process. Steaks that were not pickled and salted were taken as a control sample. Samples were tested for the presence of MeIQx and PhIP. The analysis was performed using an Agilent 1200 HPLC system (USA) with an Agilent 6410B three quadrupole mass spectrometer (Fragmentor voltage 130 V, Dissociation energy 30 V, molecular ions 214.6 and 225.6 m/z, daughter ions 199.5 and 210.5 m/z for MeIQx and PhIP respectively). The studies were carried out in two selections with 3 parallel measurements in each. The arithmetic mean of three parallels in the first selection was taken as the final result, provided that the Student’s t-distribution of two samples for each analyte to be determined in each sample did not exceed the tabular value at n=3 and the confidence level p=0.95, i.e., the differences between the samples are not statistically significant. Studies have shown that long-term preliminary processing of meat by marinating and salting led to both a decrease and an increase in the content of HAA in fried steaks. The results of studies of HAA content in the control and experimental samples are shown in the Table.
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Agrawal, M., H. Christensen, M. Bøgsted, J. F. Colombel, T. Jess, and K. Allin. "P653 The changing epidemiology of IBD in the western world: a population-based study from Denmark." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i566—i567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.774.
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Abstract Background Mitigating the burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Western countries requires understanding how its epidemiology is evolving. We conducted a temporal analysis of the epidemiology of IBD between 1995 and 2018 in the Danish nationwide cohort. Methods We used the Danish Civil Registration System (CRS) to obtain demographic information on all residents in Denmark between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2018. We obtained information on Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) diagnosis from the National Patient Registry (NPR) using International Classification of Disease 8/10 codes. IBD diagnosis was defined as having at least two CD- or UC-related registrations within a two-year period and the date of the first IBD-related registration was considered as the date of diagnosis. We estimated overall and annual incidence rates and prevalence of CD and UC standardized with respect to age and sex. Results 52,407 individuals met the criteria for IBD diagnosis in the period 1995–2018, of which 17,355 (33%) were diagnosed with CD and 35,052 (67%) were diagnosed with UC. The median age at diagnosis (IQR) for CD and UC was 34 (22, 53) and 43 (29, 60) years, respectively. 9,745 (56.2%) and 18,332 (52.3%) individuals with CD and UC, respectively, were of female sex. During the study period, 1995–2018, the overall incidence rate (95% CI) rose from 9.2 (8.4, 10) per 100,000 person years (PY) to 18 (16.8, 19) per 100,000 PY for CD, corresponding to a 94.9% increase, and from 21.1 (19.9, 22.4) per 100,000 PY to 28.4 (27, 29.8) per 100,000 PY for UC, corresponding to a 34.1% increase. The incidence rates of CD and UC increased for all age groups, at different rates, highest for CD in age group 15–39 years (Figure). While CD incidence was consistently higher in women, increase in CD and UC incidence was comparable between both sexes. The prevalence of IBD also increased from 1995–2018 (225.6% and 218.4% for CD and UC, respectively) with the greatest increase in UC prevalence among individuals older than 40 years of age (248.4%). Conclusion The epidemiology of IBD has shifted in the last 20 years with a still increasing incidence of CD and UC in young adults, and a sharply increased prevalence in older age groups, especially for UC. These findings have implications towards understanding environmental shifts associated with this evolution as well as preparing for management of an aging IBD population.
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Kamathker, A., K. B. Ranpariya, and J. V. Polara. "Influence of saline and sodic irrigation water on Bajra- II : Effect on concentration and uptake of nutrient." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 17, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/17.1/28-31.
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A pot experiment was conducted at Net House, Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to assess the different levels of saline and sodic irrigation water on content and uptake of nutrient by bajra during the summer-2020. The treatment consist of four levels for each of salinity (2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) and sodicity (5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 SAR) of irrigation water on Bajra by adopting factorial CRD with three replications. The results indicated that application of different levels of saline and sodic irrigation water produced significant effect on concentration and uptake of N, P and K by grain and fodder of bajra crop.The highest N, P and K content (1.11%, 0.31% and 0.60 %) and uptake (225.5, 62.6 and 121.2 mg pot-1) by grain and content (0.88 %, 0.21% and 0.33%) and uptake (976.0, 225.8 and 362.5 mg pot-1) by fodder were observed with EC 2 dS m-1 level of salinity of irrigation water and the lowest content and uptake by grain were observed with EC 8 dS m-1 level of salinity of irrigation water, respectively. While the highest N, P and K content (1.15%, 0.30% and 0.59%) and uptake (256.9, 67.5 and 131.4 mg pot-1) by grain and content (0.98%, 0.19% and 0.34%) and uptake (1072.7, 210.6, 370.2 mg pot-1) by fodder were observed with SAR-5.0level of sodicity of irrigation water and the lowest content and uptake by grain were observed with SAR-20.0level of sodicityof irrigation water. The interaction effect between salinity and sodicity levels of irrigation water on uptake of N by grain and fodder where found significantly the highest with C1× S1(EC-2.0 dSm-1 ×SAR-5.0) level of salinity and sodicity of irrigation water.
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González, Sara, María Luisa del Rio, Natividad Díez-Baños, Angélica Martínez, and María del Rosario Hidalgo. "Contribution to the Knowledge of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Province of León, Spain: An Epidemiological and Molecular Study." Animals 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2023): 3117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13193117.
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A study of gastrointestinal nematodes in roe deer was carried out in the regional hunting reserves of Riaño and Mampodre, Province of León, Spain, to provide information on their prevalence and intensity of infection in relation to the sampling areas, age of the animals, and body weight. Through a regulated necropsy of the animals, all of them harbored gastrointestinal nematodes in their digestive tract, with a mean intensity of parasitism of 638 ± 646.1 nematodes/infected animal. Eleven genera were found and 18 species of gastrointestinal nematodes were identified, three of them polymorphic: Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus capricola, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Haemonchus contortus, Spiculopteragia spiculoptera/Spiculopteragia mathevossiani, Ostertagia leptospicularis/Ostertagia kolchida, Ostertagia (Grosspiculopteragia) occidentalis, Teladorsagia circumcincta/Teladorsagia trifurcate, Marshallagia marshalli, Nematodirus europaeus, Cooperia oncophora, Capillaria bovis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, and Trichuris ovis. All of them have already been cited in roe deer in Europe, but Marshallagia marshalli, Capillaria bovis, and Ostertagia (Grosspiculopteragia) occidentalis are reported for the first time in Spain in this host. The abomasum was the intestinal section, where the prevalence (98.9%) and mean intensity (x¯ = 370.7 ± 374.4 worms/roe deer; range 3–1762) were significantly higher, but no statistically significant differences were found when comparing the sampling areas and age of animals. The animals with lower body weight had a higher parasite load than those in better physical condition, finding, in this case, statistically significant differences (p = 0.0020). Seven genera and 14 species were identified. In the small intestine, 88% of the animals examined presented gastrointestinal nematodes, with an average intensity of x¯ = 131.7 ± 225.6 parasites/infected animal, ranging between 4–1254 worms. No statistically significant differences were found when the three parameters studied were compared. Four genera and seven species were identified. In the large intestine/cecum, 78.3% of the examined roe deer presented adult worms, with an average intensity of 6.3 ± 5.5 worms/infected animal; range 1–26 worms. Only statistically significant differences were observed when considering the mean intensity of parasitism and the sampling area (p = 0.0093). Two genera and two species were identified. Several of the species found in the study were studied molecularly, and with the sequences obtained compared with those deposited in GenBank, phylogenetic trees were prepared to determine their taxonomic status. Using coprological techniques, the existing correlation in the shedding of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in roe deer was investigated with that of semi-extensive sheep farms in the same study area to verify the existence of cross-transmission of these parasites between wild and domestic animals. The high values found in the studied parameters show that northern Spain is an area of high-intensity infection for roe deer.
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Tkachuk, O., and A. Kebkalo. "The effect of early resuscitation and ulinastatin on the severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(3)-13.
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Annotation. Obesity is a problem of the third millennium. It is known that obesity is a major factor in the development of various diseases, including acute pancreatitis. Obesity itself is a pro-inflammatory condition with elevated levels of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), interleukin (IL) IL-10, IL-6, IL-1b. Acute pancreatitis is also a disease based on the pathogenesis of the cytokine reaction and autolysis. Thus, against the background of the already formed inflammatory response, the inflammatory response intensifies and increases, and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines reaches critical values. The purpose is to study the effect of ulinastatin on the severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients. To refute or confirm the hypothesis among patients with severe acute pancreatitis and obesity (BMI was 37.48±2.19 kg / m2), two groups were randomized. In the first group (experimental) of 18 patients, a step-up approach was performed. In the second group (control), the total number of which was 18 patients, a standard treatment algorithm was performed. The experimental group suggested the use of early resuscitation with Ringer’s lactate and ulinastatin in the first 5 days of the disease. The drug was administered at a dose of 200,000 IU by intravenous infusion for 1 hour 3 times a day for 5 days. In the control group, resuscitation was performed with 0.9% sodium chloride solution without the use of ulinastatin. Hypothesis was tested by monitoring procalciton and C-reactive protein, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 over a period of 24 hours, 48 hours, 10 days, 15 days, 30 days, 45 and 60 days. The choice of procalcitonin and CRP was made by calculating the relative risk, as the level of CRP> 200mg / l indicated the preservation of severe disease (RR=2.07; 95% CI=1.65-2.59; p=0.01), and an increase in procalcitonin> 1.8 ng / mg was a predictor of infection (RR=2.27; 95% CI=1.083-4.769; p=0.02). The use of ulinastatin during the first 5 days in the experimental group reduced the level of interleukin-1 from 23.64±4.13 to 8.71±2.49 pg / ml (p=0.001; α=0.05), interleukin- 6 – from 29.72±4.27 to 12.43±2.36 pg / ml (p=0.001; α=0.05). The use of resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution in combination with ulinastatin for 5 days helped to reduce the level of procalciton in 1.8 times (2.89±0.88 compared with 1.8±0.23 ng / mg; p=0.001; α=0.05). The level of CRP during the period of ulinastatin decreased by 41.68 (267.28±114.11 compared with 225.6±84.9 mg / l; p=0.01; α=0.05). In-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the ulinastatin group (16% vs. 69.6%; p=0.0003; α=0.05). Significantly lower proportion of patients (24% compared to 73.9%; p=0.0005; α=0.05) with multiple organ failure among the study group. Organ dysfunction was acquired on day 5 among patients taking ulinastatin. The length of hospital stay was 49.7±4.2 bed-days, while in the comparison group – 56.67±5.84 bed-days (p=0.01; α=0.05). Thus, the use of Ringer-lactate early resuscitation in combination with ulinastatin has improved the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis in obese patients.
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Molla, GM, FH Mollah, MT Milky, DK Sunyal, and MI Arslan. "Maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants." Mediscope 2, no. 1 (August 27, 2015): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mediscope.v2i1.24734.
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The objective of the observational analytical study was to assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants and to evaluate whether maternal iodine status reflects the iodine status of their breast-fed infants. The study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka with active cooperation of Kumudini Womens Medical College Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail involving fifty lactating mothers and their exclusively breast-fed infants. Early morning urine and breast milk samples were collected in dry and clean plastic container free from any chemical contamination. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was used as indicator for assessing iodine status. The median (range) urinary iodine concentration of lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants were 225.3 ?g/L (61.5-530.0) and 225.8?g/L (100.5-526.0), respectively. Of the mothers, 96% (48) had no biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE ?100?g/L), only 4% (2) had mild biochemical iodine deficiency (UIE, 50-99?g/L). There was no biochemical iodine deficiency of breast-fed infants. The median breast-milk iodine concentration was 157?g/L which was more than three times of recommended minimum concentration (50?g/L). Iodine in breast milk of lactating mothers was positively correlated with their UIE (p < 0.01). Infants urinary iodine was positively correlated with iodine concentration in breast milk (p < 0.01) and also positively correlated with urinary iodine of lactating mothers (p < 0.01). Lactating mothers and their breast-fed infants in this study were iodine sufficient. Iodine status of exclusively breast-fed infants can be determined by the iodine status of their mothers.Mediscope Vol. 2, No. 1: 2015, Pages 13-17
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Xie, Q. X., and R. Nesper. "Crystal structure of sodium strontium monogermanide, NaxSr1–xGe (x = 0.14)." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures 218, no. 3 (September 2003): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ncrs.2003.218.3.291.
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Luo, Yuanxin, Yuqing Heng, Yongqin Wang, and Xingchun Yan. "Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of TA15 Titanium Alloy under Isothermal Compression during Hot Deformation." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/413143.
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In order to improve the understanding of the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of TA15 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V), a series of experiments were conducted on a TMTS thermal simulator at temperatures of 1173 K, 1203 K, 1223 K, and 1273 K with the strain rates of 0.005 s−1, 0.05 s−1, 0.5 s−1, and 1 s−1. By the regression analysis for conventional hyperbolic sine equation, the activation energy of DRX inα+βtwo-phase region isQS=588.7 Kg/moland inβregion isQD=225.8 Kg/mol, and a dimensionless parameter controlling the stored energy was determined asZ/A=ε˙exp(588.7×103)/RT/6.69×1026inα+βtwo-phase region and asZ/A=ε˙exp(225.8×103)/RT/5.13×1011inβregion. The DRX behaviors of TA15 titanium alloy were proposed on the strength of the experiment results. Finally, the theoretical prediction results of DRX volume fraction were shown to be in agreement with experimental observations.
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Liu, Hua-Wei, Kai-Yao Wang, Dong Ding, Meng Sun, Lin Cheng, and Cheng Wang. "Deep eutectic solvothermal synthesis of an open framework copper selenidogermanate with pH-resistant Cs+ ion exchange properties." Chemical Communications 55, no. 92 (2019): 13884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06906b.
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Reported here is the deep eutectic solvothermal synthesis of an open framework copper selenidogermanate [NH3CH3]0.75Cu1.25GeSe3 (CuGeSe-1), which shows a pH-resistant Cs+ ion exchange performance (qm = 225.3 mg g−1).
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KAYA, Ali Rahmi, and Halil KARAĞLI. "Determination of fiber yield and fiber quality characteristics in cotton (Gossypium sp.)." Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 60, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1176739.
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Amaç: Bu çalışma, Kahramanmaraş’ta yetiştirilen pamuk genotiplerinde, pamuk bitkisinin meyve ve odun dallarından alınan pamuk liflerine ait lif verim ve lif kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, materyal olarak 7 pamuk genotipi kullanılmıştır. Pamuk liflerinin lif verimlerine ait veriler tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak 2017 yılında kurulan deneme alanından, lif kalite özelliklerine ait veriler ise İSKUR Tekstil Laboratuvarından elde edilmiştir. Araştırma Bulguları ve Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre lif verimi 116.50 kg da-1 ile 225.56 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek lif verimine 225.56 kg da-1 ile DP 396 çeşidi sahip olmuştur. Meyve dalı lif verimi 111.42 kg da-1 ile 197.91 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek meyve dalı lif verimine DP 396, DP 332, ST 468, ve BA 119 (sırasıyla 197.91 kg da-1, 193.45 kg da-1, 181.29 kg da-1 ve 178.04 kg da-1) çeşitleri sahip olmuştur. Odun dalı lif verimi 1.03 kg da-1 ile 29.63 kg da-1 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek odun dalı lif verimine 29.63 kg da-1 ile DP 396 sahip olmuştur. Bütün genotiplerde fenotipik ve genotipik özellikler birbirinden farklı olduğu için yetiştirildiği olduğu iklim ve çevre koşullarına tepkiler farklı olmuştur. Öneri: Lif verimi, teknolojik ve diğer kalite özellikleri ile ilgili ıslah çalışmalarında makineli hasada uygunluk da göz önüne alınarak odun dalını azaltmaya, meyve dalını artırmaya yönelik araştırmaların yapılabileceği teyit edilmiştir.
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Butta, Nora, Monica Martín Salces, Raquel De Paz, Ihosvany Fernandez Bello, María Teresa Álvarez Román, María Isabel Rivas Pollmar, Miguel Canales, and Victor Jiménez Yuste. "Haemostasis Impairment in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Normal Platelet Counts." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 5225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.5225.5225.
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Abstract Background: Bleeding complications can have serious outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are usually related to thrombocytopaenia. In a recent work we demonstrated that platelets from MDS have impaired capacity to respond to agonist stimulation and exposed more phosphatidylserine (PS) than those from healthy controls whichever their platelet count was (Martin et al, Thromb Haemost., 2013;109:909-19). The exposure of PS in the outer layer of cell membranes supports coagulation through enhanced formation of the tenase (factors IXa, VIIIa and X) and prothrombinase (factors Xa, Va and prothrombin) complexes and thrombin generation. So, the possibility exists that these processes are increased in these patients. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study whether thrombus formation and thrombin generation is impaired in MDS patients with normal platelet count employing global coagulation tests thromboelastrometry (ROTEM) and Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT). Methods: Thirty-one MDS patients with normal platelet count and twenty healthy controls were included. Citrated blood was centrifuged at 152 g 10 min at 23°C for obtaining platelet rich plasma (PRP) and at 1,500 g for 15 min at 23°C for platelet-poor plasma (PPP). For ROTEM and CAT experiments, PRP was adjusted to a platelet count of 25 x 109/L. Aliquots for ROTEM assay were tested within the two hours after obtaining blood samples. For CAT experiments, adjusted PRP and PPP aliquots were stored at -70ºC until analysis. Kinetics of clot formation, non-activated ROTEM was performed on adjusted PRP. Clotting time (CT, time from start of measurement until initiation of clotting [in seconds], alpha angle, which reflects the rate of fibrin polymerisation (tangent to the curve at 2-mm amplitude [in degrees]), and maximum clot firmness, which reflects the maximum tensile strength of the thrombus (MCF, [in mm]), were recorded. Thrombin generation was measured in adjusted PRP without any trigger and in PPP with 1 pM tissue factor and 4 µM phospholipids (PPP-Reagent LOW, Thrombinoscope BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands) as trigger. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP, the total amount of thrombin generated over time); the lag time (the time to the beginning of the explosive burst of thrombin generation); the peak height of the curve (the maximum thrombin concentration produced); and the time to the peak were evaluated. Platelet activation was determined by PAC1 (BD, Madrid, Spain) binding after stimulation with 100 μM thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP, Bachem, Switzerland) and surface PS through Annexin-V binding and flow cytometry analyses. Results: Platelets from MDS patients had a reduced response to TRAP stimulation (control= 12016+6384 arbitrary units; MDS= 5829+3704 arbitrary units) and exposed more PS than controls (control= 362.1+80.5 MF; MDS= 378.5+173.5 MF). ROTEM experiments showed kinetic parameters corresponding to a hipocoagulable profile (CT: control= 550+95 sec, MDS= 922+216 sec, p<0.01; alpha angle control= 62.8+4.3, MDS= 47.5+6.0, p<0.05; A5: control= 29.8+3.2, MDS= 24.2+5.8, p<0.05 whereas MCF was similar to controls (control= 46.7+3.1mm, MDS= 47.5+4.3 mm). In order to evaluate whether the impaired clot formation was due to a reduction in plasma-associated thrombin generation, CAT experiments were performed in PPP samples. No differences were found between MDS patients and control group (ETP: control=1223.4+257.8 nMxmin, MDS= 1224.4+344 .1 nMxmin; peak: control= 279.5+54.7nM, MDS= 265.9+64.1 nM). On the other hand, when thrombin generation experiments were performed in adjusted PRP, ETP and peak values were lower than in control group (ETP: control=1574.8+430.5 nMxmin, MDS= 1167.4+354 nMxmin,p<0.05; peak: control= 225.6+82.9 nM, MDS= 266.9+92.2 nM, p<0.05). Conclusions: Platelet dysfunction might be resposible of bleeding complications observed in patients with MDS with normal platelet counts. Increment in PS exposure on platelet surface did not seem to compensate impairment in platelet function. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Niskanen, Raina, and Väinö Mäntylahti. "Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content." Agricultural and Food Science 59, no. 2 (April 1, 1987): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72249.
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The specific surface area of 60 mineral soil samples estimated by water vapor adsorption at 20 % relative humidity ranged from 12.1 ± 3.6 to 225.1 ±18.4 m2/g. Clay (range 1—72 %) and organic carbon content (0.7—14.6 %) together explained 84 % of the variation in the surface area. The regression equation predicting the specific surface area of soil was surface area (m2/g) =2.69+ 1.23clay-% +8.69org.C-%.
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Čerňanský, Slavomír, Alexandra Šimonovičová, Jana Juhásová, and Milan Semerád. "Bioleaching of Arsenic and Antimony from Mining Waste." Acta Environmentalica Universitatis Comenianae 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aeuc-2016-0001.
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AbstractThis paper is a contribution to quantification of bio-leached arsenic and antimony from mining waste collected from impoundment in Slovinky (Slovakia). Autochtonous fungal strain Aspergillus niger was used in all bioleaching experiments. The contents of arsenic and antimony in two different samples from the impoundment were 294.7 and 328.2 mg.kg−1 As and 225.3 and 285.7 mg.kg−1 Sb, respectively. After 21-day cultivation of Aspergillus niger on such contaminated substrates, this strain was capable to bioleach, bioaccumulate and biovolatilize both toxic elements.
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Greenberg, S. M., J. A. Morales-Ramos, and E. G. King. "Low Temperature Effects on Development, Mortality, Fecundity, and Viability of the Ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)1." Journal of Entomological Science 31, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-31.4.391.
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The low temperature threshold for development of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) was 12°C for eggs, 11.5°C for larvae, and 9.5°C for pupae. The developmental time for male or female parasitoids increased by 4.6 to 5.3 times and the preovipositional period of females increased from 2.2 to 9.3 days when the temperature was reduced from 30°C to 15°C. The number of degree-days to complete development was 225.6 for females and 197.2 for males. The mean duration of emergence for C. grandis ranged from 2.6 days at 27°C - 30°C to 5.7 days at 20°C. Reduction of the temperature from 25°C to 15°C increased the death rate of C. grandis 2.3 times and reduced emergence of parasitoid females by 77.8%. The percentage of emergence of females from pupae with the black thorax-yellow abdomen held at temperatures lower than 15°C for 20 days or more and pupae with yellow color held at 5°C for 10 or more days decreased significantly compared with females from pupae held at 25°C. Storage of pupae at 20°C or lower resulted in adult females with reduced fecundity. However, the sex ratio of the progeny was not significantly affected.
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Li, Wei, Megan McHenry, Eren Oyungu, Jing Yang, Ying Xia, Fahim Syed, and Qigui Yu. "Immune checkpoint dysregulation and immune activation in HIV-exposed uninfected children." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 225.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.225.6.
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Abstract Children who are HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) are a growing population worldwide. CHEU suffer greater morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, likely due to their impaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and hyper-inflammatory responses. As CMI and inflammatory responses are regulated by immune checkpoints (ICPs) that play a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis, we determined whether CHEU had altered expression of the ICP axes. We used multiplex immunoassays to quantify plasma levels of 16 soluble ICPs (sBTLA, sCD27, sCD28, sCD40, sCD80, sCTLA-4, sGITR, sGITRL, sHVEM, sICOS, sLAG-3, sLIGHT, sPD-1, sPD-L1, sTIM-3, and sTLR-2) from 46 CHEU and 37 children who are HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU) from AMPATH in western Kenya. We demonstrated that all ICPS except GITR were detected in all samples. Compared to CHUU, CHEU had significantly higher levels of 2 sICPs: soluble CD40 (sCD40) and soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3). As CD40 plays an essential role in antigen-presenting cell functions, while TIM-3 is a key member of immunosuppressive ICPs that inactivate T cell activity, the dysregulated sCD40 and sTIM-3 could play a role in the impaired CMI in CHEU and can be explored as biomarkers for adverse health outcomes in CHEU. A previous study showed that the percentage of activated CD8 T cells (CD8+CD38high) was increased in Canadian CHEU. Therefore, we also studied the activation of T cells in PBMCs from Kenya and found that CHEU had higher percentages of activated CD4 (CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+) and CD8 (CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+) T cells in the peripheral blood compared to CHUU. Our study demonstrated that the ICP axes were dysregulated in CHEU, and we provided additional support to the notion that the immune system in CHEU is altered.
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Bui, Thi-Hong, Van-Loat Bui, Somsavath Leuangtakoun, Lemthong Lathdavong, Sonexay Xayhuangsy, Duc-Thang Duong, Dinh-Khoa Tran, et al. "Characteristics of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in surface soil in Phonsavan, Xiengkhouang, Laos." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 38, no. 4 (2023): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2304289b.
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Assessment of the characteristics of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in soil in Phonsavan district, Xiengkhouang province, Laos has been conducted using a standard electrode coaxial Ge (SEGe) detector. Soil samples were collected at 20 locations close to the populated and agricultural area in Phonsavan district. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs are 54.0 ? 2.5, 65.1 ? 4.4, 96.9 ? 3.7, 433.2 ? 20.7, and 1.54 ? 0.13 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity Raeq is 225.9 ? 7.8 Bqkg-1. The highest Raeq of 269.9 Bqkg-1 is still lower than the safety limit of 370 Bqkg-1. Associated radiological hazard indices, such as absorbed gamma dose rate, outdoor annual effective dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk, external and internal hazard indices, and gamma index, were also calculated and presented.
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Saak, Wolfgang, and Siegfried Pohl. "Fe4S4l2(SPPh3)2: ein neutraler, gemischt substituierter Eisen-Schwefel-Cluster / Fe4S4I2(SPPh3)2: a Neutral, Mixed Terminal Ligand Iron-Sulfur Cluster." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0705.
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Fe4S4I2(SPPh3)2 (1) was prepared by the reaction of Fe(THF)6Fe4S4I4 (THF = C4H8O). SPPh,. and sulfur in toluene and CH2Cl2. 1 has a lower stability than Fe4S4I42- and decomposes in solvents like THF and CH3CN. The crystal structure of 1 was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1̄ with a = 1025.5(1). b = 1082.4(1), c = 2135.5(3) pm. α = 89.82(1), β - 77.37(1), γ = 73.56(1)°, V = 2214.1×106 pm3 and Z = 2. The [Fe4S4]2+ core of 1 exhibits a slight tetragonal distortion. The mean Fe-S and Fe-Fe distances were found to be 227.6 (225.8-228.7) pm and 273.3 (272.9-274.4) pm, respectively. The Fe-SPPh3 distances (231.6 and 232.1 pm) are longer than the terminal Fe-S bonds in RS coordinated [Fe4S4] clusters. The Fe-I bonds are found at 251.6 and 251.8 pm. respectively.
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QUEIROZ, J. R. G., A. C. SILVA JR., and D. MARTINS. "Herbicide Selectivity in Tropical Ornamental Species." Planta Daninha 34, no. 4 (December 2016): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582016340400020.
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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the selectivity of herbicides applied post-emergence on ornamental plants of Alpinia purpurata, Strelitzia reginae and Heliconia psittacorum. The study was conducted in two seasons. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The treatments were: fluazifop-p-butyl (87.5 g ha-1), quizalofop-p-ethyl (75.0 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184.0 g ha-1), quinclorac (375.0 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl (15.0 g ha-1), clethodim + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (37.5 + 37.5 g ha-1), bentazon (720.0 g ha-1), fomesafen (225.0 g ha-1), and a control without any herbicide. In general, all tested herbicides and doses were selective for the three studied species. Although plants of A. purpurata and H. psittacorum have shown symptoms of phytotoxicity, recovery occurred with subsequent satisfactory visual appearance at the end of the evaluations. However, the S. reginae plants showed the smallest dry mass values when the sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicides were sprayed.
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Jabeen, Bushra, and Naheed Riaz. "Isolation and Characterization of Limonoids from Kigelia africana." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3096.
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Two new limonoids, 1-O-deacetyl-2a-methoxykhayanolide (1) and kigelianolide (2), together with deacetylkhayanolide E (3), 1-O-deacetyl-2α-hydroxykhayanolide E (4) and khayanolide B (5) were isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Kigelia africana. The structures of these limonoids (1-5) were elucidated by the combination of 1D (1H and 13C NMR) and 2D (HMQC, HMBC and COSY) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS), and in comparison with literature data of related compounds. The structure of compound 1 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and the absolute stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. Limonoids 1-5 showed weak inhibitory activities against the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrycholinesterase (BChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values in the ranges 137.5 - 225.2 μM for AChE, 185.4 - 241.5 μM for BChE and 281.2 - 189.6 μM for LOX
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Liang, Zhe, Chenmeng Lv, Luyao Wang, Xiran Li, Shiwen Cheng, and Yuqiu Huo. "Design of Hollow Porous P-NiCo2O4@Co3O4 Nanoarray and Its Alkaline Aqueous Zinc-Ion Battery Performance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21 (October 25, 2023): 15548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115548.
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Alkaline aqueous zinc-ion batteries possess a wider potential window than those in mildly acidic systems; they can achieve high energy density and are expected to become the next generation of energy storage devices. In this paper, a hollow porous P-NiCo2O4@Co3O4 nanoarray is obtained by ion etching and the calcination and phosphating of ZiF-67, which is directly grown on foam nickel substrate, as a precursor. It exhibits excellent performance as a cathode material for alkaline aqueous zinc-ion batteries. A high discharge specific capacity of 225.3 mAh g−1 is obtained at 1 A g−1 current density, and it remains 81.9% when the current density is increased to 10 A g−1. After one thousand cycles of charging and discharging at 3 A g−1 current density, the capacity retention rate is 88.8%. Even at an excellent power density of 25.5 kW kg−1, it maintains a high energy density of 304.5 Wh kg−1. It is a vital, promising high-power energy storage device for large-scale applications.
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Zhao, Xiang, Mu Zhang, Wei Pan, Rui Yang, and Xu-Dong Sun. "Construction of N-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres Through a Novel Self-Template Strategy as High-Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3066.
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N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (NHCSs) with mesopores-rich hierarchical structure have been synthesized by a self-template strategy using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as precursors. The crucial point of this strategy is the selective dissolution of acetones for oligomers and subsequent rearrangement dependent on the structure-directing agent (CTAB). The large specific surface area (1325.0 m2 g−1), abundant and accessible mesopores (6.6 nm), unexpected nitrogen doping concentration (3.5 wt.%), and favorable graphitization (0.88), enable the as-prepared NHCSs to be a candidate for energy storage materials. When utilized as supercapacitor electrode, the NHCSs exhibit high specific capacitance of 293.1 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, impressive rate performance of 225.0 F g−1 at 20 A g−1, and good cycling performance (over 88.24% the peak capacity was retained after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1). The self-template strategy displays potential prospects as a versatile route to reconstruct porous structures of carbon materials from phenolic resin polymers, thereby broadening the applications in drug delivery, adsorption, and energy storage systems.
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Surahmat, Reanita Juhaeriah, Syakirah Chuzaimah, Rikha Jelita, R. Raffly Yogaswara Nugraha, Daffa Manggala Putra, Mochamad Candra Wirawan Arief, and Sri Een Hartatik. "Inventarisasi dan Kondisi Vegetasi Mangrove di Muara Sungai Cipalawah Cagar Alam Leuweung Sancang, Kabupaten Garut." Akuatika Indonesia 8, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jaki.v8i2.45059.
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Cagar Alam Leuweung Sancang (CALS) adalah kawasan konservasi yang memperoleh tekanan lingkungan dari beberapa sungai, terutama Sungai Cipalawah. Sebagai kawasan konservasi informasi mengenai sebaran, kerapatan, dan kondisi vegetasi mangrove di CALS masih jarang ditemukan. Riset dilaksanakan pada tanggal 1-3 Juli 2022 di muara Sungai Cipalawah CALS untuk mengetahui sebaran, kerapatan dan kondisi vegetasi mangrove dengan menggunakan metode Transect Line Plot (TLP). Stasiun pengambilan data ditentukan berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik lokasi. Berdasarkan hasil riset, ditemukan 10 spesies mangrove dengan spesies yang paling berpengaruh pada stasiun 1 adalah Sonneratia caseolaris dengan INP sebesar 202.16%, stasiun 2 adalah Bruguiera parviflora dengan INP sebesar 213.25%, dan stasiun 3 adalah Sonneratia alba dengan INP sebesar 225.67%. Kondisi vegetasi mangrove di muara Sungai Cipalawah CALS dikategorikan dalam kondisi rusak dan jarang ditumbuhi vegetasi dengan nilai kerapatan sebesar 366.67 ind/ha – 666.67 ind/ha, sedangkan nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar diantar 0.43 – 0.99 termasuk kategori rendah.
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Janoš, Tomáš, Radek Filipčík, and Martin Hošek. "Evaluation of Growth Intensity in Suffolk and Charollais Sheep." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010061.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of breed (Suffolk, Charollais), sex (ram, ewes) and litter size (singles, twins, triplets) on the growth ability of lambs from birth to 300 days of age. Insignificantly higher (p > 0.05) birth weight (4.47 ± 1.07 kg), weight in 30 days (13,87 ± 3.28 kg), 100 days (36.51 ± 5.80 kg) and 300 days (79.00 ± 13.64 kg) was found in the lambs of the Suffolk breed. Higher birth weight was also associated with larger body dimensions in the Suffolk breed (height at withers 42.43 cm, diagonal length of body 43.60 cm). In 100 days, the lambs of Charollais were slightly bigger, in 300 days the height at withers and the diagonal length of body were nearly the same in both breeds. Higher growth intensity was recorded in rams (DG0−300: Ram = 239.87 g. day−1, Ewe = 221.67 g. day−1). With regard to the litter size, higher growth intensity was found in singles (234.77 g. day-1) when compared to lambs from twins (226.10 g. day−1) or triplets (225.63 g. day−1).
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Abdhesh K. Singh, S. S. Singh, A. R. Khan, and J. P. Singh. "Effect of Tillage on Physical Properties of Young Alluviam and Residual Root Volume after Winter Maize (Zea Mays L.)." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 43, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2006431.1161.
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A series of experiments were conducted for two consecutive winter seasons at Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, India on loamy sand soil having pH 8.8, O.C.- 0.38%, E.C. - 0.26 dsm-1, bulk density 1.45 Mgm-3, available N 225.7 kg ha-1, available Pps 12.1 kg ha-1 and available Kp 87.71 kg ha-1• The experiment was designed in splitsplit plot with the treatments of tillage (main), irrigation (sub) and nitrogen (sub-sub plot) having three levels each with three replication under late (28th November) and timely (06th November) sown conditions. Among the treatments only tillage caused significant variation in physical properties manifested through reduction in bulk density from 1.41 to 1.30 Mgm-3, penetration resistance from 2.94 to 2.11 Mpa, mean weight diameter from 6.97 to 5.68 mm with subsequent increase in water stable aggregate from 6.76 to 10.37 per cent and infiltration rate from 0.218 to 0.512 cmh-1 .The Mould Board plough caused higher root volume (35.30 and 40.38 cc) under late and timely sown, respectively.
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Brighenti, Alexandre M., Flávio R. G. Benites, Fausto Souza Sobrinho, Carlos E. Martins, and Wadson S. D. Rocha. "Behavior of Five Sulfonylurea Herbicides and a Low-Dose Glyphosate on Cynodon nlemfuensis Pasture." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n2p160.
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African star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) is an excellent forage for animal feed, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. However, there is little information on weed management in African star grass pastures. Two experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 to evaluate the response of African star grass to five herbicides of the sulfonylureas chemical group and glyphosate at a low dose. The treatments were as follows: metsulfuron-methyl (Ally®) (7.8 and 15.6 g ai ha-1 plus 0.1% v/v mineral oil); chlorimuron-ethyl (Staron®) (15.0 and 30.0 g ai ha-1 plus 0.05% v/v mineral oil); halosulfuron (Sempra ®) (112.5 and 225.0 g ai ha-1 plus 0.1% v/v surfactant); ethoxysulfuron (Gladium®) (150.0 and 300.0 g ai ha-1); nicosulfuron (Sanson®) (60.0 and 120.0 g ai ha-1); glyphosate (Roundup Original®) (360 g ae ha-1); and a control without herbicide application. The herbicides nicosulfuron (60.0 and 120.0 g ai ha-1) and glyphosate were the most phytotoxic treatments; however, none of the treatments caused the total death of African star grass plants. The herbicides metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, halosulfuron and ethoxysulfuron were selective and are potential products for use in African star grass pastures.
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Wei, Juntao, Jiawei Sun, Deliang Xu, Lei Shi, Miao Wang, Bin Li, Xudong Song, Shu Zhang, and Hong Zhang. "Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Bio-Oil-Derived Hydrochar as a Supercapacitor Electrode Material." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021355.
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The rapid consumption of fossil energy and the urgent demand for sustainable development have significantly promoted worldwide efforts to explore new technology for energy conversion and storage. Carbon-based supercapacitors have received increasing attention. The use of biomass and waste as a carbon precursor is environmentally friendly and economical. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was used to synthetize coke from bio-oil, which can create a honeycomb-like structure that is advantageous for electrolyte transport. Furthermore, hydrothermal pretreatment, which is low in temperature, can create a low graphitization degree which can make heteroatom introduction and activation easier. Then, urea and KOH were used for doping and activation, which can improve conductivity and capacitance. Compared with no heteroatom and activation hydrothermal char (HC) (58.3 F/g at 1 A/g), the prepared carbon material nitrogen doping activated hydrothermal carbon (NAHC1) had a good electrochemical performance of 225.4 F/g at 1 A/g. The specific capacitance of the prepared NAHC1 was improved by 3.8 times compared with that of HC.
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Erazo Pagador, Gregoria, Haydee Rose Dumaran Paciente, and Blan Jericho Caloyloy. "Behavior Changes and LC50 of Dried Garlic (Allium sativum) Acute Toxicity in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juvenile [RESEARCH NOTE]." Philippine Agricultural Scientist 106, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62550/lde148021.
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Plant-based compounds are emerging substitutes for chemical treatments in aquaculture since they are known to cause less harm to both the environment and its organisms. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a popular herb that has a broad range of uses, especially in the control and treatment of bacterial and parasitic diseases. However, its toxicity to tilapia is not well-studied. Hence, this study was conducted to test the toxicity levels of garlic powder in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by determining the cumulative mortality and median lethal concentration (LC50). Test fish were exposed through immersion in 6 concentrations (150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 mg L-1) of garlic powder with 25% allicin and a control in 96 h static bioassay. Within 24 h, test fish exposed to 250 mg L-1 garlic and above, exhibited abnormal behaviors such as lethargy, gasping for air, and weak responses to environmental stimuli. Cumulative mortality was highest at 100% in 400 mg L-1 garlic at 48 h. Mortalities were dependent on the concentration and duration of exposure. The 96 h LC50 of garlic powder to O. niloticus was 225.86 mg L-1 with lower and upper confidence limits of 210.37 and 242.50 mg L-1, respectively at 27°C.
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Good, Kimberley P., Ivan Kiss, Christine Buiteman, Hazel Woodley, Qing Rui, David Whitehorn, and Lili Kopala. "Improvement in cognitive functioning in patients with first-episode psychosis during treatment with quetiapine: An interim analysis." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, S43 (September 2002): s45—s49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.43.s45.
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BackgroundThe efficacies of second-generation antipsychotic medications in reducing symptoms are reasonably well-documented, but their effects on cognition are less clearly understood.AimsTo undertake an interim analysis of an open label, 2-year study examining the effects of quetiapine on cognition in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and related disorders.MethodCognitive testing was performed before quetiapine was initiated and repeated after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. To date, 13 patients have been fully assessed (mean dose 517.9 mg/day; s.d.=225.8).ResultsStatistically significant improvement was noted on measures of attention (Continuous Performance Test; CPT), verbal productivity (Verbal Fluency Test) and executive function (Object Alternation Test) after 6 and 12 months of treatment. For the CPT, improvement was also noted after 3 months of treatment.ConclusionsDuring treatment for 1 year with quetiapine, cognitive performance was improved in young patients with psychosis. Continued controlled investigations of the effects of quetiapine on cognition are desirable.
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Feng, Zhen, Ruoxuan Chen, Rui Huang, Fangli Zhang, Weizhen Liu, and Sailin Liu. "Electrolyte Solvation Structure Manipulation and Synthetic Optimization for Enhanced Potassium Storage of Tin Phosphide/Carbon Alloy-Based Electrode." Metals 13, no. 4 (March 26, 2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13040658.
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Phosphorus-based materials are considered to be reliable anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity but suffer from inferior cycling stability and an unstable Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer. Herein, optimized ball-milled parameters and concentrated electrolytes are introduced to enhance the electrochemical performance of Sn4P3/C anodes. Consequently, the electrodes synthesized under optimized ball milling parameters could deliver a reversible capacity of 307.8 mA h g−1 in diluted Potassium hexafluorophosphate (KPF6) electrolyte. Moreover, compared with diluted bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) electrolyte, a robust inorganic KF-rich SEI layer can be formed on the electrode’s surface by employing concentrated KFSI electrolyte and provides more rapid K ion conduction rates. Meanwhile, a large proportion of the FSI− anions participated in the K+ solvation shell when the KFSI concentration increased. As a result, high specific capacities (225.1 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 200 cycles) and excellent Coulombic efficiency (97.24% at 500 mA g−1 after 200 cycles) can be achieved. This work may deepen our understanding of synthetic optimization in electrode material design and the role of concentrated electrolyte in tunning the solvation structure, and also offer an insightful clue to the design of high-capacity phosphorus-based anodes.
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Shrestha, Ram Lal, Timila Shrestha, Birendra Man Tamrakar, Rekha Goswami Shrestha, Subrata Maji, Katsuhiko Ariga, and Lok Kumar Shrestha. "Nanoporous Carbon Materials Derived from Washnut Seed with Enhanced Supercapacitance." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 2371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102371.
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Nanoporous activated carbons-derived from agro-waste have been useful as suitable and scalable low-cost electrode materials in supercapacitors applications because of their better surface area and porosity compared to the commercial activated carbons. In this paper, the production of nanoporous carbons by zinc chloride activation of Washnut seed at different temperatures (400–1000 °C) and their electrochemical supercapacitance performances in aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) are reported. The prepared nanoporous carbon materials exhibit hierarchical micro- and meso-pore architectures. The surface area and porosity increase with the carbonization temperature and achieved the highest values at 800 °C. The surface area was found in the range of 922–1309 m2 g−1. Similarly, pore volume was found in the range of 0.577–0.789 cm3 g−1. The optimal sample obtained at 800 °C showed excellent electrochemical energy storage supercapacitance performance. Specific capacitance of the electrode was calculated 225.1 F g−1 at a low current density of 1 A g−1. An observed 69.6% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1 indicates a high-rate capability of the electrode materials. The cycling stability test up to 10,000 cycles revealed the outstanding stability of 98%. The fascinating surface textural properties with outstanding electrochemical performance reveal that Washnut seed would be a feasible agro-waste precursor to prepare nanoporous carbon materials as a low-cost and scalable supercapacitor electrode.
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Fogaça, Lara Alexandre, Laura Bereczki, Vladimir M. Petruševski, Berta Barta-Holló, Fernanda Paiva Franguelli, Miklós Mohai, Kende Attila Béres, Istvan E. Sajó, Imre Miklós Szilágyi, and Laszlo Kotai. "A Quasi-Intramolecular Solid-Phase Redox Reaction of Ammonia Ligands and Perchlorate Anion in Diamminesilver(I) Perchlorate." Inorganics 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9050038.
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The reaction of ammoniacal AgNO3 solution (or aq. solution of [Ag(NH3)2]NO3) with aq. NaClO4 resulted in [Ag(NH3)2]ClO4 (compound 1). Detailed spectroscopic (correlation analysis, IR, Raman, and UV) analyses were performed on [Ag(NH3)2]ClO4. The temperature and enthalpy of phase change for compound 1 were determined to be 225.7 K and 103.04 kJ/mol, respectively. We found the thermal decomposition of [Ag(NH3)2]ClO4 involves a solid-phase quasi-intramolecular redox reaction between the perchlorate anion and ammonia ligand, resulting in lower valence chlorine oxyacid (chlorite, chlorate) components. We did not detect thermal ammonia loss during the formation of AgClO4. However, a redox reaction between the ammonia and perchlorate ion resulted in intermediates containing chlorate/chlorite, which disproportionated (either in the solid phase or in aqueous solutions after the dissolution of these decomposition intermediates in water) into AgCl and silver perchlorate. We propose that the solid phase AgCl-AgClO4 mixture eutectically melts, and the resulting AgClO4 decomposes in this melt into AgCl and O2. Thus, the final product of decomposition is AgCl, N2, and H2O. The intermediate (chlorite, chlorate) phases were identified by IR, XPS, and titrimetric methods.
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Nazir, Shabnam, Kashif Adnan, Rukhsana Gul, Gowhar Ali, Shamim Saleha, and Amjad Khan. "The effect of gender and ABCB1 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin in healthy male and female Pakistani subjects." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 98, no. 8 (August 2020): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2019-0569.
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In the current study, the possible outcome of gender difference and genotypic polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin has been evaluated. An open-label, comparative pharmacokinetic study was done in healthy Pakistani volunteers (females (n = 8) and males (n = 8)). They were administered a single 500 mg oral dose of azithromycin. Blood samples (≈5 mL) were collected in heparinized tubes and the HPLC/MS/MS method was used to determine azithromycin plasma levels. ABCB1 polymorphism (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at C3435T, G26SST was performed using the RFLP–PCR method. The Student t test was applied to compare pharmacokinetic parameters of azithromycin between male and female human subjects (at 95% CI) using GraphPad Prism-8. A significant difference was observed in pharmacokinetic parameters between males and females, as Cmax in males (230 ± 80.2 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in females (224.9 ± 75.5 ng/mL), while [Formula: see text] was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) in males (2102 ± 200.3 ng·h−1·mL−1) compared to females (1825.7 ± 225.4 ng·h−1·mL–1). There was a significant variation in Cmax and AUC in three ABCB1 genotyping groups as well. Gender difference and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, as they contribute to interindividual variability in therapeutic response.
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Hao, Yan, Jing Qu, Zunyi Liu, Hui Yang, Huazheng Sai, Huimin Yang, Jing Peng, Long Zhao, and Maolin Zhai. "Graphene oxide/cellulose composite for enhanced adsorption of Ce(III) from aqueous solution." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 4905–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4905-4920.
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A high-efficiency composite adsorbent was synthesized by mixing cellulose and graphene oxide (GO) in the lithium chloride/N,N-dimethyl-acetamide system. The cellulose/GO composite (D-RCGO) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The influences of various parameters on the removal of Ce(III), such as the adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial Ce(III) concentration, contact time, and pH, were optimized using a range of batch adsorption experiments. Adsorption kinetics displayed adsorption behavior according to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the two peaks of Ce-3d almost disappeared after the desorption in NaCl solution, which indicated that the adsorption belonged to the ion exchange adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the theoretical maximum capacity of the adsorption of Ce(III) onto D-RCGO was 225.8 mg·g-1. This work suggested that the D-RCGO composite membranes could serve as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for rare earth pollutant removal in wastewater treatment.
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Kaur, Harjinder, and Raghava R. Kommalapati. "Biochemical Methane Potential and Kinetic Parameters of Goat Manure at Various Inoculum to Substrate Ratios." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 12806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212806.
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Anaerobic digestion is a proven technology for managing manure while harvesting natural gas and digestate as a biofertilizer. The biochemical methane potential (BMP), biodegradability, and kinetic parameters of goat manure (GM) were investigated at different inoculum to substrate ratios (ISRs). The cumulative biomethane yields at the ISRs of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.3, and 2.6 were 191.7, 214.3, 214.9, 225.9, 222.1, 222.8, and 229.9 mL gvs−1, respectively. The biomethane yield at all ISRs was significantly higher than control (0 ISR). Above the ISR of 0.0, the biomethane yield was similar among all ISRs. The biodegradability of GM at the ISRs of 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.3, and 2.6 varied between 73.3% and 78.7% and was statistically similar. In total, 90% of the yield was observed in 31 and 32 days in control and all other ISRs, respectively. The modified Gompertz equation fitted very well (R2 = 0.99) to the BMP of GM but predicted the lag phase (λ) of 3.2–5.2 days against observed 8–10 days among control and other ISRs.
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Kolesnikov, V. I. "Efficacy of anthelmintic Eprimek against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep." Russian Journal of Parasitology 14, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-4-99-103.
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The purpose of the research is studying the efficacy of Eprimek (Eprinomectin) against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.Materials and methods. A commercial experiment to study the antiparasitic efficacy of Eprimek was carried out in June 2020 on 300 lambs of the North Caucasian breed in a private flock of Filimonovskaya Village, Izobilnensky District, the Stavropol Territory, which were divided into two groups. The experimental group of lambs (290 animals) was injected Eprimek subcutaneously at the earset at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight (10 mg of Eprinomectin in 1 ml), and 10 lambs were not treated; they were used as control. We collected feces from the lambs of the experimental and control groups before administration of the drugs and after 15 and 30 days. Fecal samples were examined by the flotation technique with a saturated solution of ammonium nitrate with counting nematode eggs in 1 g of feces. The results were processed statistically.Results and discussion. Eprimek showed a decrease in the number of excreted helminth eggs from 225.1±28.2 to 4.1±2.3 in production environment at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg of live weight, according to coprological studies on the 15th day after treatment in the experimental group of lambs. The efficacy was 98.2%, and 70% of the animals were free from the infection. The intensity of infection of the control lambs by gastrointestinal nematodes was 131–151 eggs per 1 g of feces at 100% prevalence.
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Hua, Gia Khuong Hoang, Pingsheng Ji, Albert K. Culbreath, and Md Emran Ali. "Comparative Study of Phosphorous-Acid-Containing Products for Managing Phytophthora Blight of Bell Pepper." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061293.
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Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici is a major constraint to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) production. The long-term effectiveness of chemicals currently in use against P. capsici is uncertain due to the development of fungicide resistance by this pathogen. Hence, the efficacy of alternative chemicals such as phosphorous-acid-containing products was evaluated in this study. In in vitro tests, ProPhyt, K-Phite, Lexx-A-Phos, Agri-Fos, and Nutri-Phite were less effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (EC50 = 50.5 to 324.4 µg mL−1) and sporangium formation (EC50 = 6.1 to 225.7 µg mL−1) of two P. capsici isolates, but more effective against zoospore germination compared with mefenoxam. Among phosphorous-acid-containing products tested, Nutri-Phite was most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of both P. capsici isolates. In greenhouse studies, Nutri-Phite was effective against Phytophthora blight used as drench. The use of Nutri-Phite, Agri-Fos, ProPhyt, and K-Phite could induce systemic resistance against foliar blight when applied to the root and potting mix. The results indicated that some phosphorous-acid-containing products have the potential to lower disease occurrence and delay Phytophthora blight of bell pepper without phytotoxic effects. The utility of the systemic protection induced by these products is promising in Phytophthora blight management.
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Ulianovskaya, Elena, and Evgeniya Belenko. "Genetic resources of the genus Malus as the basis for the accelerated creation of domestic adaptive apple tree varieties." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401026.
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Innovations in the apple tree breeding process are associated with the study of the gene pool, the use of valuable samples for accelerated production of commercially popular domestic varieties. The purpose of the study is to identify the most valuable genotypes of the genus Malus of various origins and ploidy for the accelerated creation of domestic adaptive varieties. Modern programs and methods of breeding and variety study were used. The results of the study (2010–2020) of collection of apple trees samples growing in the conditions of the Prikuban zone of the North Caucasus region are presented. It was found that a significant decrease in yield in 2017 and 2020 in the apple tree crop as a whole (11.69–12.48 t/ha) is due to an increase in the negative complex impact of spring-summer and winter stressors on the plant. Promising samples for industrial research and breeding are identified: Gin, 12/1–21–46, 12/2–20–53, immune to scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cook) G. Winter), with increased adaptability to the complex effects of abiostressors in the region, high productivity potential (average yield 26.15–30.05 t/ha, total - 287.65–330.55 t/ha). Selected by large-fruit: Orphey, Gin, 12/1–21–6, 12/2–20–53, 12/1–21–24 (average fruit weight is 200.3–225.5 g) for further use in breeding research and creation of high-quality southern varieties.
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Kampf, Anthony R., Barbara P. Nash, and Arturo A. Molina Donoso. "Mauriziodiniite, NH4(As2O3)2I, the ammonium and iodine analogue of lucabindiite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile." Mineralogical Magazine 84, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2019.75.
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AbstractThe new mineral mauriziodiniite (IMA2019-036), NH4(As2O3)2I, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it is a secondary alteration phase associated with calcite, cuatrocapaite-(NH4), lavendulan, magnesiokoritnigite and torrecillasite on matrix consisting of native arsenic, arsenolite and pyrite. Mauriziodiniite occurs as hexagonal tablets up to ~300 μm in diameter. Crystals are colourless and transparent, with pearly to adamantine lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ~1. Tablets are sectile and easily flexible, but not elastic. Fracture is curved, irregular and stepped. Cleavage is perfect on {001}. The calculated density is 3.916 g/cm3. Optically, mauriziodiniite is uniaxial (–) with ω = 2.07(calc) and ɛ = 1.770(5) (white light). The empirical formula, determined from electron microprobe analyses, is (NH4)0.94K0.03(As2O3)2I0.92Cl0.03. Mauriziodiniite is hexagonal, P6/mmm, a = 5.289(2), c = 9.317(2) Å, V = 225.68(18) Å3 and Z = 1. The structure, refined to R1 = 4.16% for 135 Io > 2σI reflections, contains three types of layers: (1) a planar neutral As2O3 (arsenite) sheet; (2) an NH4+ layer that links adjacent arsenite sheets via bonds to their O atoms; and (3) an I– layer that links adjacent arsenite sheets via bonds to their As atoms. The layer sequence is I–As2O3–NH4–As2O3–I. Mauriziodiniite is isostructural with lucabindiite and is structurally related to gajardoite, cuatrocapaite-(NH4), cuatrocapaite-(K) and torrecillasite.
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Sallustio, Valentina, Giovanna Farruggia, Massimiliano Pio di Cagno, Martina M. Tzanova, Joana Marto, Helena Ribeiro, Lidia Maria Goncalves, et al. "Design and Characterization of an Ethosomal Gel Encapsulating Rosehip Extract." Gels 9, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9050362.
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Rising environmental awareness drives green consumers to purchase sustainable cosmetics based on natural bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to deliver Rosa canina L. extract as a botanical ingredient in an anti-aging gel using an eco-friendly approach. Rosehip extract was first characterized in terms of its antioxidant activity through a DPPH assay and ROS reduction test and then encapsulated in ethosomal vesicles with different percentages of ethanol. All formulations were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Release and skin penetration/permeation data were obtained through in vitro studies, and cell viability was assessed using an MTT assay on WS1 fibroblasts. Finally, ethosomes were incorporated in hyaluronic gels (1% or 2% w/v) to facilitate skin application, and rheological properties were studied. Rosehip extract (1 mg/mL) revealed a high antioxidant activity and was successfully encapsulated in ethosomes containing 30% ethanol, having small sizes (225.4 ± 7.0 nm), low polydispersity (0.26 ± 0.02), and good entrapment efficiency (93.41 ± 5.30%). This formulation incorporated in a hyaluronic gel 1% w/v showed an optimal pH for skin application (5.6 ± 0.2), good spreadability, and stability over 60 days at 4 °C. Considering sustainable ingredients and eco-friendly manufacturing technology, the ethosomal gel of rosehip extract could be an innovative and green anti-aging skincare product.
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Chareonying, Thapakorn, Junnasir M. Sakilan, Theerasak Rojanarata, Prasopchai Patrojanasophon, Prasert Akkaramongkolporn, and Praneet Opanasopit. "Dual-Charge Nanofiber Mats Made of Chitosan(CS)/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) and Poly-(Acrylic Acid-Co-Maleic Acid) (PAMA)/PVA." Key Engineering Materials 819 (August 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.145.
Full textAbstract:
Nanofibers have been widely used for tissue engineering. Using charged polymers for the preparation of nanofibers can be useful for the loading of substances or macromolecules. Dual charge nanofiber mats are expected to be able to immobilize both positively charged and negatively charged substances in one versatile nanofiber mat. The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize dual-charge nanofibers generated from poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly-(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAMA) and chitosan (CS)/PVA. The polymer solutions of PAMA/PVA (1:1.63 w/w) and CS/PVA (1:2.33 w/w) were electrospun to form the nanofibers using dual-jet electrospinning process. The obtained dual-charge nanofibers were thermally crosslinked by leaving the nanofibers in the oven at 110-130 °C for 0.5, 1, 3, 5 h. The appearance of the nanofiber mat was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the diameter of nanofibers were determined by an image analysis software (J-micro vision®). The percentage water insolubilization and FT-IR spectra were also determined. The dual-size nanofiber mats with smooth and bead-free fibers were obtained. The diameter of the PAMA/PVA and CS/PVA fibers was 574.54 ± 142.98 nm and 225.69 ± 41.92 nm, respectively. The desirable temperature and time for the crosslink of the dual-charge nanofiber mats was 130 °C for 1 h which could provide a high insolubilization with water capacity of 93.22 ± 2.23%.
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Yassaa, Noureddine, Ilka Peeken, Eckart Zöllner, Katrin Bluhm, Steve Arnold, Dominick Spracklen, and Jonathan Williams. "Evidence for marine production of monoterpenes." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 6 (2008): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08047.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Laboratory incubation experiments and shipboard measurements in the Southern Atlantic Ocean have provided the first evidence for marine production of monoterpenes. Nine marine phytoplankton monocultures were investigated using a GC-MS equipped with an enantiomerically-selective column and found to emit monoterpenes including (–)-/(+)-pinene, limonene and p-ocimene, all of which were previously thought to be exclusively of terrestrial origin. Maximum levels of 100–200 pptv total monoterpenes were encountered when the ship crossed an active phytoplankton bloom. Abstract. Laboratory incubation experiments and shipboard measurements on the Southern Atlantic Ocean have provided the first evidence for marine production of monoterpenes. Nine marine phytoplankton monocultures were investigated using a GC-MS equipped with an enantiomerically-selective column and found to emit at rates, expressed as nmol C10H16 (monoterpene) g [chlorophyll a]–1 day–1, from 0.3 nmol g [chlorophyll a]–1 day–1 for Skeletonema costatum and Emiliania huxleyi to 225.9 nmol g [chlorophyll a]–1 day–1 for Dunaliella tertiolecta. Nine monoterpenes were identified in the sample and not in the control, namely: (–)-/(+)-pinene, myrcene, (+)-camphene, (–)-sabinene, (+)-3-carene, (–)-pinene, (–)-limonene and p-ocimene. In addition, shipboard measurements of monoterpenes in air were made in January–March 2007, over the South Atlantic Ocean. Monoterpenes were detected in marine air sufficiently far from land as to exclude influence from terrestrial sources. Maximum levels of 100–200 pptv total monoterpenes were encountered when the ship crossed an active phytoplankton bloom, whereas in low chlorophyll regions monoterpenes were mostly below detection limit.