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Journal articles on the topic "24-hour urine sugars biomarker"
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Tasevska, Natasha, Virag Sagi-Kiss, Susana A. Palma-Duran, Brian Barrett, Matthew Chaloux, John Commins, Diane M. O'Brien, et al. "Investigating the performance of 24-h urinary sucrose and fructose as a biomarker of total sugars intake in US participants – a controlled feeding study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab158.
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ABSTRACT Background Developing approaches for the objective assessment of sugars intake in population research is crucial for generating reliable disease risk estimates, and evidence-based dietary guidelines. Twenty-four-hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) was developed as a predictive biomarker of total sugars intake based on 3 UK feeding studies, yet its performance as a biomarker of total sugars among US participants is unknown. Objectives To investigate the performance of 24uSF as a biomarker of sugars intake among US participants, and to characterize its use. Methods Ninety-eight participants, aged 18–70 y, consumed their usual diet under controlled conditions of a feeding study for 15 d, and collected 8 nonconsecutive 24-h urines measured for sucrose and fructose. Results A linear mixed model regressing log 24uSF biomarker on log total sugars intake along with other covariates explained 56% of the biomarker variance. Total sugars intake was the strongest predictor in the model (Marginal R2 = 0.52; P <0.0001), followed by sex (P = 0.0002) and log age (P = 0.002). The equation was then inverted to solve for total sugars intake, thus generating a calibrated biomarker equation. Calibration of the biomarker produced mean biomarker-based log total sugars of 4.79 (SD = 0.59), which was similar to the observed log 15-d mean total sugars intake of 4.69 (0.35). The correlation between calibrated biomarker and usual total sugars intake was 0.59 for the calibrated biomarker based on a single biomarker measurement, and 0.76 based on 4 biomarker repeats spaced far apart. Conclusions In this controlled feeding study, total sugars intake was the main determinant of 24uSF confirming its utility as a biomarker of total sugars in this population. Next steps will include validation of stability assumptions of the biomarker calibration equation proposed here, which will allow its use as an instrument for dietary validation and measurement error correction in diet-disease association studies.
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Mack, Carina I., Christoph H. Weinert, Björn Egert, Paola G. Ferrario, Achim Bub, Ingrid Hoffmann, Bernhard Watzl, Hannelore Daniel, and Sabine E. Kulling. "The complex human urinary sugar profile: determinants revealed in the cross-sectional KarMeN study." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy131.
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ABSTRACT Background Although sugars and sugar derivatives are an important class of metabolites involved in many physiologic processes, there is limited knowledge on their occurrence and pattern in biofluids. Objective Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive urinary sugar profile of healthy participants and to demonstrate the wide applicability and usefulness of this sugar profiling approach for nutritional as well as clinical studies. Design In the cross-sectional KarMeN study, the 24-h urine samples of 301 healthy participants on an unrestricted diet, assessed via a 24-h recall, were analyzed by a newly developed semitargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling method that enables the detection of known and unknown sugar compounds. Statistical analyses were performed with respect to associations of sex and diet with the urinary sugar profile. Results In total, 40 known and 15 unknown sugar compounds were detected in human urine, ranging from mono- and disaccharides, polyols, and sugar acids to currently unknown sugar-like compounds. A number of rarely analyzed sugars were found in urine samples. Maltose was found in statistically higher concentrations in the urine of women compared with men and was also associated with menopausal status. Further, a number of individual sugar compounds associated with the consumption of specific foods, such as avocado, or food groups, such as alcoholic beverages and dairy products, were identified. Conclusions We here provide data on the complex nature of the sugar profile in human urine, of which some compounds may have the potential to serve as dietary markers or early disease biomarkers. Thus, comprehensive urinary sugar profiling not only has the potential to increase our knowledge of host sugar metabolism, but can also reveal new dietary markers after consumption of individual food items, and may lead to the identification of early disease biomarkers in the future. The KarMeN study was registered at drks.de as DRKS00004890.
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Perrar, Ines, Nicola Gray, Gunter G. Kuhnle, Thomas Remer, Anette E. Buyken, and Ute Alexy. "Sugar intake among German adolescents: trends from 1990 to 2016 based on biomarker excretion in 24-h urine samples." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520000665.
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AbstractTrend analyses based on dietary records suggest decreases in the intakes of total sugar (TS), added and free sugar since 2005 among children and adolescents in Germany. In terms of age trends, TS intake decreased with increasing age. However, self-reported sugar intake in epidemiological studies is criticised, as it may be prone to bias due to selective underreporting. Furthermore, adolescents are more susceptible to underreporting than children. We thus analysed time and age trends in urinary fructose excretion (FE), sucrose excretion (SE) and the sum of both (FE + SE) as biomarkers for sugar intake among 8·5–16·5-year-old adolescents. Urinary sugar excretion was measured by UPLC-MS/MS in 997 24-h urine samples collected from 239 boys and 253 girls participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study cohort between 1990 and 2016. Time and age trends of log-transformed FE, SE and FE + SE were analysed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models. Between 1990 and 2016, FE as well as FE + SE decreased (linear time trend: P = 0·0272 and P < 0·0001, respectively). A minor increase in excretion during adolescence was confined to FE (linear age trend: P = 0·0017). The present 24-h excretion measurements support a previously reported dietary record-based decline in sugar intake since 2005. However, the previously seen dietary record-based decrease in TS from childhood to late adolescence was not confirmed by our biomarker analysis, suggesting a constant sugar intake for the period of adolescence.
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Mašlanková, Jana, Štefan Tóth, Vladimíra Tomečková, Tímea Tóth, Matan Katz, Jarmila Veselá, Zdenka Hertelyová, Marek Schnitzer, Jozef Živčák, and Mária Mareková. "Metabolites of Tryptophane and Phenylalanine as Markers of Small Bowel Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (August 11, 2018): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0076.
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AbstractIschemic-reperfusion injury of the small intestine is an acute clinical condition with high mortality rate. This study describes the changes in levels of phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolites in intestinal homogenates and urine samples of Wistar male rats after 60 minutes of mesenteric ischemia and different reperfusion periods (1, 24, 30 hours) in comparison with a control group without the ischemia. The ischemic-reperfusion injury was quantified by the histopathological injury index. The levels of serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were determined in the intestinal homogenate and epinephrine, vanillylmandelic acid, and the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was analyzed in urine using the HPLC method. The statistically significant increased level of serotonin, epinephrine and norepinephrine were detected in the intestinal samples after 24 hours of reperfusion (p<0.01); even the most elevated serotonin level was observed after one hour of reperfusion (p<0.001). A statistically significant decreased level of vanillylmandelic acid was observed after one hour of reperfusion, but it significantly increased after 24 hours (p<0.05) in urine. The elevated level of the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid after one hour and 24 hours after reperfusion (p<0.05) were determined in the urine. The most significant elevated epinephrine level was observed after 24 hours of reperfusion (p<0.001) in urine. Results showed a potential role of serotonin as an early biomarker (after one hour of reperfusion) of small intestinal damaged homogenate, while the best predictor of intestinal injury in urine was epinephrine, which was elevated after 24 hours.
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Sauvé, Brittany, Gideon Koren, Grace Walsh, Sonya Tokmakejian, and Stan HM Van Uum. "Measurement of cortisol in human Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i5.2894.
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Purpose: Current methods for measuring long-term endogenous production of cortisol can be challenging due to the need to take multiple urine, saliva or serum samples. Hair grows approximately 1 centimeter per month, and hair analysis accurately reflects exposure to drug abuse and environmental toxins. Here we describe a new assay for measurement of cortisol in hair, and determined a reference range for non-obese subjects.
Methods: For measurement of cortisol in hair we modified an immunoassay originally developed for measuring cortisol in saliva. We compared hair samples obtained from various parts of the head, and assessed the effect of hair dying. We analyzed hair samples from non-obese subjects, in whom we also obtained urine, saliva and blood samples for cortisol measurements.
Results: The mean extraction recovery for hair cortisol standards of 100 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml and 2 ng/ml (n=6) was 87.9%, 88.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Hair cortisol levels were not affected by hair color or by dying hair samples after they were obtained. Cortisol levels were decreased in hair that was artificially colored before taking the sample. The coefficient of variation was high for cortisol levels in hair from different sections of the head (30.5 %), but was smaller when comparing between hair samples obtained from the vertex posterior (15.6%). The reference range for cortisol in hair was 17.7-153.2 pg/mg of hair (median 46.1 pg/mg). Hair cortisol levels correlated significantly with cortisol in 24-hour urine (r=0.33; P=0.041).
Conclusion: The correlation of hair cortisol with 24-hour urine cortisol supports its relevance as biomarker for long-term exposure.
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Blanton, Cynthia, and Barbara Gordon. "Timing of Turmeric Consumption and Oxidative Stress." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa047_002.
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Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to compare the effects of morning vs. evening consumption of turmeric on urine markers of oxidative stress. The hypothesis stated that turmeric's action to modulate transcription of diurnally regulated genes coding for oxidative defense proteins would be influenced by the timing of turmeric consumption. Methods Participants prepared for each of four lab visits by consuming a low-antioxidant diet for two days and fasting for 12 hours. After providing a baseline urine sample, participants consumed one of two test meals (5 g turmeric + 180 ml egg white or egg white alone) at one of two clock times (morning or evening). A 1-week washout separated each visit. Urine was collected in the lab at 1 hour post-meal and at home for the following 5 hours. Urine biomarkers of oxidative stress were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; values were normalized to urine creatinine concentration. General Linear Models were used to predict biomarker levels over timepoints by turmeric intake and clock time. Results Participant (n = 4, 3 male) body mass index and age (median and range) were 33.3 (31.4–34.0) and 60.5 y (53–63). Urine 8-isoprostane concentration was significantly higher following consumption of the turmeric vs. control meal and after the 2-4-hour compared to 0-2-hour post-meal timepoint. The turmeric meal was not associated with urine malondialdehyde level. There was no significant interaction between turmeric consumption and clock time on either biomarker level. Conclusions Consuming turmeric at morning vs. evening did not differentially affect urine markers of oxidative stress. Studies of larger cohorts with measurements of oxidative stress markers over 24 hours would show whether these pilot results are generalizable. Funding Sources Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Foundation, McCormick Science Institute Research Award; Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Medical Nutrition Practice Group.
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Fowke, Jay H., Jed W. Fahey, Katherine K. Stephenson, and James R. Hebert. "Using isothiocyanate excretion as a biological marker of Brassica vegetable consumption in epidemiological studies: evaluating the sources of variability." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 3 (June 2001): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2000113.
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AbstractObjective:Brassica vegetable consumption (e.g. broccoli) leads to excretion of isothiocyanates (ITC) in urine. We evaluated the consistency of ITC as a biomarker for dietary Brassica vegetable consumption across the types of vegetables and methods of preparation used in Western societies, and across consumption levels.Design:A single-armed behavioural intervention with duplicate baseline assessment and post-intervention assessment. Urinary ITC excretion and estrogen metabolites were measured from 24-hour urine samples. Dietary intake was measured by a 24-hour recall.Setting:The behavioural intervention facilitated daily Brassica intake among participants by providing peer support, food preparation instruction, guided practice in a teaching kitchen, and other information.Subjects:Thirty-four healthy free-living postmenopausal women who recently had a negative screening mammogram at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center.Results:Urinary ITC excretion and total Brassica intake followed the same pattern over the intervention. The ITC biomarker significantly predicted Brassica intake when Brassica consumption averaged about 100 g day−1, but not when Brassica consumption averaged about 200 g day−1. Urinary ITC levels were somewhat higher when more raw vegetables were consumed as compared to lightly cooked vegetables, while the types of Brassica consumed appeared to have only a small, non-significant effect on urinary ITC levels.Conclusion:Urinary ITC excretion would be a good exposure biomarker among populations regularly consuming a vegetable serving/day, but may be less accurate among populations with greater intake levels or a wide range of cooking practices.
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García-Pascual, Luis, María José Barahona, Verónica Perea, and Rafael Simó. "Serum 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D as a Biomarker of the Absence of Hypercalciuria in Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 1 (November 4, 2016): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2987.
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Abstract Context: Hypercalciuria is an adverse event of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism treatment that can lead to renal complications. The collection of 24-hour urine to detect hypercalciuria is often considered unreliable. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find useful predictive biomarkers of hypercalciuria in patients with permanent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism receiving treatment with oral calcium and calcitriol supplements. Design and Setting: The investigation was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study. An outpatient hospital clinic served as the study setting. Patients: Fifty-four consecutive observations were made of 34 stable outpatients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism taking oral calcium and calcitriol supplements, and 17 adult controls without hypoparathyroidism. Intervention: There were no interventions. Main Outcome Measure: Hypercalciuria was defined as 24-hour urine calcium >300 mg. Results: Patients without hypercalciuria (n = 21) vs those with hypercalciuria (n = 33) had lower levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (33.5 ± 11.9 pg/mL vs 45.8 ± 9.5 pg/mL; P < 0.001), similar albumin-corrected serum calcium (8.3 ± 0.5 vs 8.6 ± 0.5 mg/dL; P = nonsignificant), and serum parathyroid hormone (12.5 ± 5.7 vs 10.7 ± 6.8 pg/mL; P = nonsignificant). Multiple linear regression analysis showed an independent relationship between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and urinary calcium excretion (B = 6.2 ± 1.423; P < 0.001). A cutoff value of 33.5 pg/mL for serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D to predict the absence of hypercalciuria had 100% sensitivity and 63.6% specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.797. No patients with serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of <33.5 pg/mL presented with hypercalciuria, regardless of the level of albumin-corrected serum calcium. Conclusions: Routine measurement of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D may be useful as a biomarker to predict the absence of hypercalciuria in patients with permanent postsurgical hypoparathyroidism who are receiving treatment with oral calcium and calcitriol supplements.
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Dufour, A. P., T. D. Behymer, R. Cantú, M. Magnuson, and L. J. Wymer. "Ingestion of swimming pool water by recreational swimmers." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 3 (March 13, 2017): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.255.
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The volume of water ingested by swimmers while swimming is of great interest to individuals who develop risk assessments using quantitative microbial risk assessment or epidemiological approaches. We have used chloroisocyanurate disinfected swimming pool waters to determine the amount of water swallowed by swimmers during swimming activity. The chloroisocyanurate, which is in equilibrium with chlorine and cyanuric acid in the pool water, provides a biomarker, cyanuric acid, that once swallowed passes through the body into the urine unchanged. The concentration of cyanuric acid in a 24 hour urine specimen and the concentration in pool water can be used to calculate the amount of water swallowed. Our study population of 549 participants, which was about evenly divided by gender, and young and adult swimmers, indicated that swimmers ingest about 32 mL per hour (arithmetic mean) and that children swallowed about four times as much water as adults during swimming activities. It was also observed that males had a tendency to swallow more water than females during swimming activity and that children spent about twice as much time in the water than adults.
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Wang, Wei, Jianing Wang, Cheng Shen, Sainan Zhu, Ying Gao, and Junqing Zhang. "Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Initial Screening Biomarker for Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome from Nonfunctional Adenoma in Patients with an Adrenal Mass." BioMed Research International 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635594.
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Objective. Assessing excess adrenal hormones is important in patients with adrenal mass. Current screening tests for excess cortisol hormones are complex, so it cannot be done sometimes due to the limited medical resources. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as an initial screening biomarker for Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in patients with an adrenal mass. Methods. This retrospective study included a total of 185 patients with CS and 185 patients with nonfunctional adrenal adenoma (matched 1 : 1 by sex, body mass index, and discharge date). The NLR was compared between the two groups. The association between NLR and serum and urinary cortisol concentrations was analyzed, and an NLR cut-off value for CS screening was calculated. Results. NLR (3.38 (2.33, 5.45) vs. 2.13 (1.74, 3.00), P < 0.001 ) was significantly higher in the CS group than in the nonfunctional adenoma group. In CS patients, the NLR was positively associated with serum cortisol concentrations at 8 am, with 24-hour urine free cortisol and with serum cortisol after a 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test ( P < 0.001 each). An NLR cut-off of 2.2 had a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 54.05%. The weighted Youden index for the NLR was similar to that of the 24-hour urine free cortisol and late-night serum cortisol tests, which are recommended initial tests for CS diagnosis. Conclusion. The NLR may be useful for initial screening for CS among patients with an adrenal mass as an easy and convenient marker.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "24-hour urine sugars biomarker"
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"The Investigation of Sucrose and Fructose in Spot Versus 24-hour Urine As Biomarkers of Sugars Intake." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.48457.
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abstract: Background: Twenty-four hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) has been developed as a dietary biomarker for total sugars intake. Collection of 24-h urine is associated with high costs and heavy participant burden, while collection of spot urine samples can be easily implemented in research protocols. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the utility of uSF biomarker measured in spot urine. Methods: 15 participants age 22 to 49 years completed a 15-day feeding study in which they consumed their usual diet under controlled conditions, and recorded the time each meal was consumed. Two nonconsecutive 24-hour urines, where each urine void was collected in a separate container, were collected. Four timed voids (morning, afternoon, evening, and next day) were identified based on time of void and meal time. Urine samples were measured for sucrose, fructose and creatinine. Variability of uSF excretion was assessed by coefficient of variation (%CV) and variance ratios. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression were used to investigate the association between uSF in each timed void and corresponding 24uSF excretion. Results: The two-day mean uSF was 50.6 mg (SD=29.5) for the 24-h urine, and ranged from 4.5 to 7.5 mg/void for the timed voids. The afternoon void uSF had the lowest within-subject variability (49.1%), and lowest within- to between-subject variance ratio (0.2). The morning and afternoon void uSF had the strongest correlation with 24-h uSF for both mg/void (r=0.80 and r=0.72) and mg/creatinine (r=0.72 and r=0.67), respectively. Finally, the afternoon void uSF along with other covariates had the strongest predictive ability of 24-h uSF excretion (mg/void) (Adjusted R2= 0.69; p=0.002), whereas the morning void had the strongest predictive ability of 24-h uSF excretion (mg/g creatinine) (adjusted R2= 0.58; p=0.008). Conclusions: The afternoon void uSF had the most favorable reproducibility estimates, strong correlation with 24uSF excretion, and explained greatest proportion of the variability in 24uSF. USF in mg/void may be better to use than uSF in mg/g creatinine as a biomarker in spot urine. These findings need to be confirmed in a larger study, and in a study population with a wide range of sugars intake.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2018
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"Effects of Physical Activity on the Performance of 24-h Urinary Sucrose and Fructose as a Biomarker of Total Sugars Intake." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53467.
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abstract: Urinary sucrose and fructose has been suggested as a predictive biomarker of total sugars intake based on research involving UK adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between total sugars consumption and 24-hour urinary sucrose and fructose (24uSF) in US adult population and to investigate the effect of physical activity on this association. Fifty seven free-living healthy subjects 20 to 68 years old, participated in a 15-day highly controlled feeding study, consuming their habitual diet, provided by the research metabolic kitchen. Dietary sugars were estimated using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Subjects collected eight 24-hour urine samples measured for urinary sucrose and fructose. Physical activity was assessed daily using a validated 15-day log that inquired about 38 physical activities across six domains; home activities, transportation, occupation, conditioning, sports and leisure. The mean total sugars intake and added sugars intake of the sample was 112.2 (33.1) g/day and 65.8 (29.0) g/day (9.7%EI), respectively. Significant moderate positive correlation was found between 15-d mean total sugars intake and 8-day mean 24uSF (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Similarly, added sugars were moderately correlated with 24uSF (r = 0.56, p < 0.001), while no correlation was found between naturally-occurring sugars and 24uSF (r = 0.070, p < 0.001). In a linear multiple regression, total and added sugars each explained 30% of variability in 24uSF (Adjusted R2, p value; total sugars: 0.297, 0.001; added sugars: 0.301, p < 0.001). Physical activity had no effect on the association between dietary and urinary sugars in neither the correlation nor the linear regression analysis. 24uSF can be used as a biomarker for total and added sugars consumption in US adults, although its predictability was weaker compared to findings involving UK adults. No evidence was found showing that physical activity levels affect the association between 24uSF and total sugars intake in US adults. More detailed investigation through future feeding studies including subjects with wide range of sugars intake and of different ethnic/racial backgrounds are needed to better understand the characteristics of the biomarker and its uses.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Nutrition 2019