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1
Whitefield, Douglas Brent. "The Christian Literature Society for China : the role of its publications, personalities and theology in late-Qing reform movements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272308.
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Ioannou, Christos. "The importance of predator behaviour on risk to prey." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/275/.
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Both predator and prey have evolved to maximise reproductive success by balancing food intake with risk. There has been a bias in predator-prey studies, where prey behaviour has been examined in detail, yet predators are assumed to follow simplistic rules. I use three-spined sticklebacks predating upon invertebrate prey to test a range of ways in which prey risk was hypothesised to be affected by predator behaviour. The relationship between encounter rate and prey density has been recently shown not to be directly proportional, and theoretical arguments have been made that predator search behaviour can explain this trend. I test these arguments, and show acceleration of a predator's search path can in fact lead to the observed less-than-directly proportional relationship between prey density and encounter rate. The perceptual constraints of predators can have major impacts on prey risk. Once encountered, an attack was more likely when prey were encountered late in a search, probably due to a decrease in anti-predator vigilance as the fish became more habituated to the arena. In a subsequent study, larger groups of prey were more quickly found, as were larger numbers of groups. This led to the conclusion that the field of attention is a subset of the total visual field, and this is also supported by denser prey being more conspicuous. Although the predator responded to increased prey group size and density with a reduced time to detect and attack prey, attacks on such groups were less successful due to the confusion effect. Interestingly, I show the effect of prey density to be sensitive to spatial scale, where a large-scale measure of density affected conspicuousness and a small-scale measure affected attack success. This was explained by a reduction in the total number of prey in the visual field as a group of prey is approached and attacked. In the final chapter, I turn my attention to differences in temperament within a predator population, and how this affects prey risk. As expected, bolder fish represented a greater risk to the prey. However, as larger fish tended to be more bold, suggesting boldness was driven by their perception of predation risk, a within community behaviourally-mediated trophic cascade may occur. where the risk to prey is driven by their predators' own perceived risk of predation. This shows that optimal foraging decisions under the threat of predation, as well as perceptual constraints, can mediate the effect of predator behaviour on prey risk.
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Ball, Keira Louise. "What spatial reference frame is used for priming in visual search?" Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/275/.
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The perception-action model proposes that vision for perception and vision for action are subserved by two separate cortical systems, the ventral and dorsal streams respectively (Milner & Goodale, 1995, 2006). It is argued that the dorsal stream codes spatial information egocentrically, that is, relative to the observer, and that these representations are highly transient. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether short-term spatial memory can use egocentric information. This was achieved by using spatial priming in visual search. Spatial priming manifests itself in speeded detection times for a target when that target appears in the same location that it previously appeared in (Shore & Klein, 2001). Target locations can be defined in either egocentric (i.e. relative to the body or a specific part of the body) or allocentric (i.e. relative to other items in the display) frames of reference. However, it is unclear which of these are used in spatial priming. It was found that both allocentric and egocentric cues were used, and that egocentric cues were the most effective for short-term priming (Study A). In exploring the nature of the egocentric frame of reference further, it was found that target location was not coded using an eye-centred frame of reference but rather it was coded relative to the observer’s body (Study B). Moreover, when participants moved to a new location and the relationship with the target was maintained, priming effects were still observed (Study C). The availability of egocentric information was tested further, and the priming effects were still observed after a minimum delay of eight seconds between the first and second presentations of a target location (Study D). Finally, it was found that the application of transcranial magnetic stimulation to the posterior parietal cortex did not modulate either allocentric or egocentric spatial priming effects (Study E). While the perception-action model predicts that egocentric information is short lived, the findings from the experiments presented in this thesis suggest that egocentric information can persist for several seconds.
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Dhillon, Gurpreet. "Interpreting the management of information systems security." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/275/.
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The management of adverse events within organisations has become a pressing issue as the perceptions of risk continue to heighten. However the basic need for developing secure information systems has remained unfulfilled. This is because the focus has been on the means of delivery of information, i.e. the technology, rather than on the various contextual factors related to information processing. The overall aim of this research is to increase understanding of the issues and concerns in the management of information systems security. The study is conducted by reviewing the analysis, design and management of computer based information in two large organisations - A British national Health Service Hospital Trust and a Borough Council. The research methodology adopts an interpretive mode of inquiry. The management of information systems security is evaluated in terms of the business environment, organisational culture, expectations and obligations of different roles, meanings of different actions and the related patterns of behaviour. Findings from the two case studies show that an inappropriate analysis, design and management of computer based information systems affects the integrity and wholeness of an organisation. As a result, the probability of occurrence of adverse events increases. In such an environment there is a strong likelihood that security measures may either be ignored or are inappropriate to the real needs of an organisation. Therefore what is needed is coherence between the computer based information systems and the business environment in which they are embedded. In conclusion, this study shows that to resolve the problem of managing information systems security, we need to understand the deep seated pragmatic aspects of an organisation. Solutions to the problem of security can be provided by interpreting the behavioural patterns of the people involved.
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Al, Himidi Mohamed Ali. "Sulla stabilità e sicurezza delle strutture monodimensionali a blocchi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/275/.
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Debeljuh, Andrea <1979>. "Modello di formazione extrascolastica per la minoranza italiana in Croazia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/275/.
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Hibbert, Chris. "Controls on seasonal elemental variation in tropical rivers in Goa, India." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2017. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/275/.
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This study focuses upon chemical variation in fluvial discharge over a 15 month period (May 2007 – July 2008) in a sub-tropical, monsoonal climatic regime in western India. Here, highly seasonal rivers rising at the Western Ghats escarpment discharge into the Arabian Sea. The Ghats present a topographical barrier to the SW monsoon, and thus generate one of the world’s highest orographic gradients. Two river basins were selected for this study, the Zuari and the Chapora, both characterised by high seasonal precipitation and run-off, with c. 85% occurring during the monsoon months (June – September). The rivers flow steeply down the Ghats then across the low-lying Konkan - Kanara coastal plateaux much of which is heavily weathered and covered by laterite. The water samples (n = 13 per month) were collected from seven sites along the Zuari River and six sites along the Chapora River. The samples were analysed using ICP-MS for cations and ion chromatography for anions. Major and trace element concentrations were found to be very low throughout both basins, although a marked increase was observed for various elements (e.g., Ca, K, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, HCO3-) shortly after the onset of the monsoon. We interpret this as a ‘rinse-out effect’. Despite absolute concentrations decreasing with increasing river run-off, total element fluxes increase during the monsoon. Additionally, due to the low elevation of the coastal plain, tidal effects are observed c. 40 km inland becoming forced seaward during the monsoon by high river flows. Silicate weathering is of primary importance in the long term global climate due to associated CO2 sequestration, and continental weathering is controlled by numerous factors, including lithology, climate, vegetation and anthropogenic effects; it is highest in the humid tropics due to high temperatures and precipitation. However, this study also identifies additional controls, these being the degree of weathering and the extent of weathering residuum, which are major limiting factors for elemental fluxes in tropical catchments.
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Acharya, Milin R. "Clinical Pharmacology of MS-275, A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/832.
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The goal of this escalating single-dose phase I research study was to determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics as well as in vitro metabolism and plasma protein binding of MS-275, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas. A validated LC/MS assay was developed to quantitate MS-275 in plasma, human liver microsomes and urine. The pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation was done using a non-compartmental approach. In-vitro plasma protein binding profile of MS-275 was characterized by a validated micro-equilibrium dialysis method. In vitro phase I and phase II hepatic metabolism of MS-275 were evaluated using human liver microsomes. A correlative covariate analysis was performed in an effort to explain the wide inter-individual variability among patients.Results from the study demonstrate that the validated LC-MS assay is specific, accurate, precise and sensitive. MS-275 demonstrates a substantial inter-individual PK variability in systemic exposure and clearance; exposures increase in near-proportion, while peak concentrations increase more than-proportionally with an increase in dose. Mean apparent oral clearance (CL/F) is independent of dose and exhibits apparent dose-independent PK behavior over the studied dose range. Oral absorption is highly variable. MS-275 has a 50-fold longer half-life in humans compared to pre-clinical species. PK/PD analysis showed significant correlation between occurrence of DLT and higher systemic exposures. Although there was an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 over time, preliminary analysis showed no significant correlation between PK parameters and change in % histone acetylation after 24 hours. MS-275 is moderately bound to plasma proteins. Hepatic phase I and II metabolic pathways are only minor routes of elimination, and MS-275 is neither a substrate for liver-specific organic anion transporting proteins, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, nor a substrate for gastrointestinal efflux transporters ABCB1 (P-gp) or ABCG2. No significant correlation was found between CL/F and demographic, body measures and other clinical covariates, and inter-patient variability in CL/F remained similar in magnitude even after correcting dose for body surface area (BSA) or other body measures. BSA is not a significant predictor of MS-275 PK, and flat-fixed dosing can be used in the future.
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Chanson, Mareva. "The Changes of the Carbonate Parameters in the Ocean: Anthropogenic and Natural Processes." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/275.
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Since the industrial revolution, CO sub 2 has increased in the atmosphere and about 40% of the increase has been taken up by the ocean. An artifact of increasing CO sub 2 in the ocean is ocean acidification; it changes the calcium carbonate saturation state, which in turn alters the calcification rate of shelled organisms. The purpose of this dissertation is to estimate the changes in the carbonate system in the oceans, and whether these changes are due to natural (biological activity, chemical transformation or mixing of water masses) or anthropogenic (human activities) perturbations. The first hypothesis states that the presence of boric acid (B(OH) sub 3) in seawater changes the thermodynamic constants of CO sub 2, pK sup * sup 1 and pKsup * sup 2. Due to experimental limitations, the solubility of B(OH) sub 3 was determined in electrolyte solutions (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl and CsCl) instead of real or artificial seawater. The results can be used to estimate the B(OH) sub 3 activity coefficients gamma sub B and solubility [B] in natural mixed electrolyte solutions. The second hypothesis states that filtering seawater sampled in the open ocean is necessary for the determination of total alkalinity (TA). Measurement of 180 samples of surface, oxygen minimum, and deep waters in the Pacific and Indian oceans revealed that the at- sea measured TA of filtered and unfiltered samples were not statistically different. Finally, a synthesis and analysis of the carbonate parameters in the Atlantic and Indian oceans is undertaken. Results from repeat hydrographic cruises in these oceans were used for this task. Parameters TA and total CO sub 2 (TCO sub 2) are predicted using hydrographic properties and a multi-linear regression method to obtain a more homogenous dataset. The results of the predicted TA prove to be successful, which is not the case for TCO sub 2 at the surface of the ocean. Finally, it is found that the increase in anthropogenic CO sub 2 signal remineralization and mixing of water masses increase the acidity of the ocean at the surface and in deep waters, respectively. This causes the aragonite saturation horizon to shoal. Recommendations for further studies are provided in the "Summary and conclusion" chapter.
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Ono, Kim E. "Genetic, Behavioral, and Physiological Predictors of Phenotypic Variability in Typically Developing and High Functioning Children with Autism." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/275.
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There is extensive research focused on identifying predictors of autism, including biomarkers such as genes and neurophysiology. Because of inconsistent data, I explored these biomarkers as predictors of variability in behavioral outcomes (i.e., internalizing and externalizing symptoms), rather than indicators of the disorder per se. In a sample of children (ages 8-16) diagnosed with High Functioning Autism (HFA) and an age- and IQ- matched typically developing comparison group, individual differences in behavioral outcomes were assessed in relation to common genetic polymorphisms, 5-HTTLPR and DRD4, and neurophysiological (ERN) and behavioral (rate of self-correction) measures of response monitoring. Although the diagnostic groups did not differ on allele frequency for 5-HTTLPR, carriers of the L variant displayed attenuated ERN amplitudes at frontal-central sites, lower rates of self-correction following errors, and higher levels of parent-reported Somatization and Hyperactivity. With respect to DRD4, an overrepresentation of the 7-repeat allele was found in the HFA sample. Regardless of diagnostic group, 7-repeat allele carriers were rated as having more attention problems. These results suggest that genetics and neural correlates of response monitoring may explain interindividual variations in social emotional functioning of both HFA and typically developing children alike. However, contrary to hypothesis, response monitoring did not mediate the association between 5-HTTLPR or DRD4 and outcome measures. Future directions of this research may look at how genes and measures of response monitoring affect etiology, course, and treatment of autism and other related disorders.
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Chakraborty, Atanu. "Mechanism Of mom Gene Transactivation By Transcription Factor C Of Phage MU." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/275.
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Regulation of transcription initiation is the major determining event employed by the cell to control gene expression and subsequent cellular processes. The weak promoters, with low basal transcription activities, are activated by activators. Bacteriophage Mu mom gene, which encodes a unique DNA modification function, is detrimental to cell when expressed early or in large quantities. Mu has designed a complex, well-controlled and orchestrated regulatory network for mom expression to ensure its synthesis only in late lytic cycle. The phage encoded transcription activator protein C activates the gene by promoter unwinding of the DNA and thereby recruiting of RNAP to the promoter.
C protein functions as a dimer for DNA binding and transcription activation. Mutagenesis and chemical crosslinking studies revealed that the leucine zipper motif, and not the coiled coil motif in the N terminal region, is responsible for C dimerization. The DNA binding domain of C is a HTH domain which is preceded by the leucine zipper motif. The C protein is one of the few examples in the bacterial proteins containing both leucine zipper and HTH domain.
Most of the transcription activators either influence initial binding of RNAP or conversion of closed to open complex formation. Very few activators act at subsequent steps of promoter-polymerase interaction. Earlier studies showed high level of transcription from a mutant mom promoter, tin7. Addition of C further increased transcription from Ptin7 indicating that C may have a role beyond polymerase recruitment. Each steps of transcription initiation have been dissected using the Ptin7 and a positive control (pc) mutant of C, R105D. The results revealed multi-step transcription activation mechanism for C protein at Pmom. C recruits RNAP at Pmom and subsequently increases the productive RNAP-promoter complex and enhances promoter clearance.
To further understand the C mediated transactivation mechanism, interaction between C and RNAP was assessed. C interacts with holo and core RNAP only in presence of DNA. Positive control mutants of C, F95A and R015D, were found to be compromised in RNAP interactions. These mutants were efficient in RNAP recruitment to Pmom but do not enhance promoter clearance. Trypsin cleavage protection experiment indicated that probably C protein interacts with b¢ subunit of RNAP. Interaction between C and RNAP appears to enhance the formation of productive RNAP-promoter complex leading to promoter clearance.
The connection between activator-polymerase interaction and transcription activation is well documented where the recruitment of RNAP is influenced. In case of activators acting at post recruitment steps of initiation, the role of polymerase contact is poorly understood. Our study shows that activator-polymerase interaction can lead to increased promoter clearance at Pmom by overcoming abortive initiation.
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Henry, Christina. "Flash Flooding in Eastern Kentucky: An Analysis of the 3-4 August 2001 Event." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/275.
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Limited research exists concerning flash flooding in the United States. However, flash floods can occur anywhere and cause more fatalities than any other weather related natural disaster. Eastern Kentucky experienced an average of 41 flash floods per year (1993-2002), yet little research exists for this region. Therefore, this paper presents an analysis of the particularly devastating flash flood event of 3-4 August 2001, which resulted in $15 million worth of property damage and two deaths. Previous studies indicate that flash floods typically occur under relatively 'benign' conditions, the most common characteristics being a quasi-stationary system and high atmospheric moisture. The slow moving nature of these systems, coupled with low dewpoint depressions, leads to the overabundance of precipitation that produces flash floods. Unfortunately, this relatively 'benign' nature of weather systems poses a challenge for accurate forecasting of flash flooding. Furthermore, severe weather threats, such as tornadoes, tend to overshadow the threats posed by flash flooding, sometimes interfering with the timely issuance of flash flood warnings. To improve the accuracy of flash flood forecasting, several methods have been developed. For instance, lightning strike density helps forecasters in the West to locate regions more likely to receive the heavy rains necessary for flash flooding. Numerical forecasting models also help forecasters, especially when necessary data does not exist for the forecast area. One such model is the Penn State/ NCAR Mesoscale Model MM5. This model consists of several options allowing for variations in climate and terrain. MM5 was used to simulate the 3-4 August 2001 flash flood event, since upper air data does not exist for Eastern Kentucky. The model used for this paper utilized the Grell parameterization scheme, which provided better results than the other parameterization schemes tested (Kain-Fritsch). The Eastern Kentucky flash flood event, like the majority of other flash flood events throughout the Contiguous United States, did in fact occur under relatively benign conditions. This event occurred as heavy rains fell ahead of a trough axis associated with a slow-moving cold front. As the west-east oriented front moved southward, it stalled along the Appalachians and pivoted, becoming southwest-northeast oriented. High atmospheric moisture existed from the surface through 500-mb ahead of the front. The winds were weak and from a northerly direction, while the stability indices indicated marginal instability throughout the event. About half of the flash floods reported during this event occurred prior to the issuance of a flash flood warning, while no record of a flash flood watch existed for any of the counties prior to flash flooding. Accurate forecasting of flash floods during this relatively benign event was further hindered by the lack of a flash flood climatology for the region.
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Soll, Jason. "A Theory of Mental Credit." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/275.
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Many philosophical subjects attempt to analyze the basis of human welfare. Theories of desert, distribution of property, and happiness tend to dominate philosophical discourse. Mental credit, which is the mental acquisition of credit for one’s accomplishments and the satisfaction one derives from this credit, is absent from this discourse despite its underlying role in the way people think about their lives. Mental credit is an eternal cognitive good that deserves thoughtful attention and pious decisions for implementation. The following theory of mental credit seeks to serve as a unifying theory for the mental calculations that guide life’s most imperative decisions, satisfaction, and impact one has on the world.
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Kingbo, Marie Huguette Kayi Akpedje. "Association Of Socio Demographic Characteristics With Condom Used At Last Sexual Intercourse Among Adults 15 To 49 Years Between Côte D’Ivoire And Senegal An Examination Of Measure Demographic Health Survey Data 2005." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/275.
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Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the world’s most serious health challenges. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most heavily affected by HIV, with 69% of the people living with HIV in the world. Côte d'Ivoire has a high HIV prevalence rate and Senegal a low prevalence rate. The main research question is whether or not the HIV risk behavior of Ivorian differs from the HIV risk behavior of Senegalese in terms of selected categorical and continuous variables. In other words, if using condoms at last sexual intercourse differs between Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal.
Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) involving 9,686 Ivorian and 18,363 Senegalese from 2005 were used. The Pearson Chi-square test were performed to determine any significant relationship between the variables across the two countries with respect to socio-demographic and HIV risky behaviors status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the significance of any association between the independent and the dependent variables (Condoms used at last sexual intercourse). Throughout all the analysis performed, a p-value of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95% were used to determine any statistical significance.
Results: Logistic regression models showed that Côte d’Ivoire respondents had decrease odds of using condoms during their last sexual intercourse (OR=0.7; 95% CI 0.62 - 0.79) as compared to Senegal and the difference was statistically significant at p < 0.05. In Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal, wealth and education have been consistently found to be positively associated with condoms used at last sexual intercourse.
Conclusion: HIV risk behaviors seem to be associated with condoms used and marital status. The results in our study suggest a possible relation with condoms used, HIV prevalence and polygamy in Senegal, so men use condoms less frequently with marital partners. More studies need to assess the role of polygamy in the transmission and/or acquisition of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Key words: HIV/AIDS, Risky behaviors, Condoms used, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal
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Martin, Jennifer. "A Male-killing Bacterium Targets the Neural Tissue in D. melanogaster." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/275.
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Bacteria living within the cells of eukaryotic organisms can have profound effects on their hosts. One example is host sex-ratio distortion caused by bacterial endosymbionts, which can be induced through the killing of male progeny during their development. The mechanisms that underlie how bacteria can cause male death are poorly understood. Several previous studies suggested that the neural, and perhaps other, tissues are targeted by the male-killing bacterium, Spiroplasma.In this study, I tested this hypothesis, addressing whether tissues were specifically altered during male development and also when the initial defects manifested. These questions were addressed by analyzing developing tissues ofinfected and uninfected embryos with immunological reagents and confocal microscopy. My analyses revealed that Spiroplasma causes severe cellular defects in the male central nervous system (CNS) during mid embryogenesis. Specific CNS defects include disrupted neuronal packing as they differentiate and highly abnormal axon formation, with both phenotypes occurring at 6 hours and worsening throughout embryo development. Additionally, my analyses showed that during the onset of these CNS defects, other tissue types appeared normal. However, during late embryonic stages, male embryos became highly abnormal in tissue morphology across the whole animal. These observations suggest that Spiroplasma initially targets the CNS, which may, in turn, lead to secondary widespread defects in male embryos. I propose important experiments focusing on analysis of neuronal precursors to further explore the cellular basis of male killing, and I offer a model for how male CNS tissue can be targeted specifically at the molecular level.
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MACAGNO, FABRIZIO. "Gli Usi argomentativi della Definizione." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/275.
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L'approccio argomentativo alla definizione permette di aprire una nuova prospettiva su questo tema. La definizione può essere infatti analizzata dialetticamente come un endoxon, una conoscenza comunemente accettata che ha come oggetto la struttura semantico-ontologica condivisa. La definizione dialettica può costituire lo standpoint di un'argomentazione ed essere fondata su argomenti, oppure fungere da premessa in un sillogismo retorico ed essere quindi uno strumento argomentativo e persuasivo.
Le caratteristiche della definizione dialettica possono essere delineate a partire dalle sue origini nella Topica di Aristotele. Da un'interpretazione in chiave predicativo-argomentale di quest'opera emerge come la definizione per genere e specie sia uno strumento di analisi semantica fondamentale per comprendere il nesso di ragionevolezza negli entimemi ed al tempo stesso origine di inferenze argomentative. La tradizione aristotelica è ripresa nella tradizione latina e medievale, in cui viene evidenziato il rapporto tra i differenti tipi di definizione e la loro funzione argomentativa e persuasiva. Nella riflessione moderna e contemporanea il concetto di definizione dialettica è alla base dell'analisi della definizione persuasiva, cioè una strategia argomentativa fondata sulla ridefinizione e sulle inferenze valoriali che derivano dal “significato emotivo” del definito. Le categorie di definizione dialettica e di definizione persuasiva permettono di analizzare le funzioni argomentative della definizione nel contesto comunicativo scientifico, giuridico e politico.A new perspective on the problem of definition can be opened by an argumentative approach to this subject. Definition can be dialectically analyzed as an endoxon, namely as an aspect of common knowledge regarding the shared semantic-ontological structure. The dialectical definition can be the standpoint of an argumentation and be supported by arguments, or the premise of a rhetorical syllogism. In this case, the dialectical definition can be used argumentatively and persuasively. The characteristics of dialectical definition can be found inquiring into its origins, namely Aristotle's Topics. By interpreting this work in a predicate-argument perspective, it is possible to notice how genus-species definition is a instrument of semantic analysis, which is fundamental to understand the relation between logic and reasonableness in enthymemes and how definitions can be source of inferences. The Aristotelian tradition has been revived in the Latin and Medieval tradition by analyzing the relationship between different types of definition and their argumentative and persuasive function. In the framework of modern and contemporary argumentation theories, the dialectical definition can be considered the foundation for a new interpretation of a particular argumentative and persuasive strategy grounded on definition: the persuasive definition. Persuasive definition can be seen as a redefinition aimed at altering the inferences from values (or judgments of value) which can be drawn from the definiendum. The concepts of dialectical definition and persuasive definition allow one to examine the argumentative functions of definitions in the scientific, legal, and political communicative context.
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Nicol, Lorraine, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Irrigation water markets in Southern Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/275.
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Irrigation is central to the functioning of the southern Alberta economy. Irrigation also uses a significant amount of what is expected to be an increasingly scarce resource: water. The Alberta government is embarking on a long-term water management strategy in which irrigation water management will be pivotal. The government is considering a range of economic instruments to assist in this management. One instrument already implemented is the ability of private irrigators and irrigators within irrigation districts to trade irrigation water rights on a temporary and permanent basis. This has established the foundation for water markets. The research presented in this thesis centers on establishing the characteristics of irrigation water markets in southern Alberta. The research also aims to determine whether the markets are behaving according to basic economic principles and whether they are supporting government's goals of increased water productivity, efficiency and conservation. The findings reveal that characteristics of irrigation water markets in southern Alberta. The research also aims to determine whether the markets are behaving according to basic economic principles and whether they are supporting government's goals of increased water productivity, efficiency and conservation. The findings reveal that characteristics of water markets in southern Alberta are very similar to markets elsewhere and the markets are behaving in a manner one would expect. However, markets are also creating activity that at one and the same time support and contradict government's water management goals. In addition, the small degree of market activity in general suggests that if government is relying on markets to contribute to these goals to any significant extent, it will need to create conditions that promote greater water market activity.x, 184 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm.
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Wasley, Jane. "The effect of climate change on Antarctic terrestrial flora." School of Biological Sciences - Faculty of Science, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/275.
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Climate change is expected to affect the high latitudes first and most severely, rendering Antarctica one of the most significant baseline environments for the study of global climate change. The indirect effects of climate warming, including changes to the availability of key environmental resources, such as water and nutrients, are likely to have a greater impact upon Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems than the effects of fluctuations in temperature alone. Water availability is the focus in this thesis for two main reasons; firstly, there is a wealth of evidence to suggest water is currently limiting to Antarctic plant distributions and productivity, and secondly, availability of this key resource is predicted to change with the onset of climate change. Nutrient availability is a second variable considered in this work, as there is evidence to suggest that nutrients also play a role in determining plant species distributions, and changes to nutrient balance and turnover rates are also expected in response to climate change. This work was conducted in the floristically important Windmill Islands region of East Antarctica, with the three Windmill Islands moss species Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Ceratodon purpureus and Grimmia antarctici forming its focus. A combination of field ecology, ecophysiology and laboratory studies were used to determine fine-scale patterns of present species distributions and their relationship to naturally occurring water and nutrient resource gradients, the impact of increased water and nutrients on a range of cryptogamic communities, and tolerance of desiccation biological profiles. A survey-based approach was used to determine species level patterns in bryophyte species distributions, and identify correlations with resource availability. Ten replicate transects, along community gradients, from pure bryophyte stands, through transitional moribund bryophyte zones, to lichen-dominated communities, were surveyed at two sites. The physical environment at each site was characterised by measurement of site soil properties, along with individual transect aspects and slopes. To determine the relationship between resource gradients and community patterns water and nutrient availability, along with a range of plant biochemistry measures indicative of the growth environment, were measured using a series of quadrats along each transect. Percent abundance for each species and/or vegetation category was determined for each quadrat by microscopic examination of field samples. The community gradient, covering the entire ecological range of past and present bryophyte occupation, was found to be accompanied by resource gradients that operated in opposing directions. Pure bryophyte communities existed under conditions of high water availability and low nutrient availability. Crustose lichen-dominated communities persisted under opposing environmental conditions, of low water availability and high nutrient availability. Grimmia antarctici dominated the wettest habitats but its distribution extended into the dry moribund zones, albeit in low levels of abundance. Bryum pseudotriquetrum occurred in consistent levels of abundance across the entire gradient, whilst C. purpureus was restricted to the driest habitats. Live bryophyte material was found to occur in moribund turf, supporting the potential for bryophyte regeneration under a future wetter climate. Regenerating turf showed potential to support high species diversity, as all four bryophytes survive in this zone. To investigate the likely impacts of a wetter climate on Antarctic terrestrial communities, four cryptogamic communities, pure bryophyte, moribund bryophyte, crustose and fructicose lichen-dominated communities were subject to a multi-season manipulative field experiment. Within each community type, eight replicate quadrats received increased water and/or nutrient availability over two consecutive summer seasons. A range of physiological and biochemical measurements were conducted in order to quantify the community response to the treatments and determine the extent of any nutrient and water limitation. Few multi-season manipulative field experiments have been conducted in continental Antarctica. Whilst an overall increase in productivity in response to water and nutrient additions was supported, productivity appeared to respond more strongly to nutrient additions than to water additions. Pure bryophyte and fructicose lichen communities also showed stronger positive responses to additions, identifying some communities that may be better able to adapt and prosper under the ameliorating conditions associated with a warmer, wetter future climate. Using a range of morphological, biochemical and physiological techniques, biological profiles related to desiccation tolerance were developed for the three bryophyte study species, providing measures of relative abilities to avoid, tolerate, recover from and survive desiccation. Ceratodon purpureus showed good desiccation avoidance characteristics, its photosynthetic efficiency remained high at low water contents and it was lipid rich, suggesting that this species is well adapted to survive a drying climate. Bryum pseudotriquetrum is also likely to survive drier conditions, as this species showed good desiccation avoidance, had a plastic response to desiccation, and contained stachyose, which is likely to assist in its survival of desiccation events. Conversely, G. antarctici showed poor desiccation avoidance, as photosynthetic efficiency required highest water contents and it contained few protective substances, this species is therefore least likely to survive a drying environment. This study provides a baseline from which future changes to the Windmill Islands cryptogamic communities can be monitored. A baseline incorporating fine-scale bryophyte species patterns is particularly useful, as this component of the cryptogamic community is likely to be highly sensitive to even small shifts in water availability and detection of change is likely to be more sensitive at fine- rather than broad-scales. Both water and nutrient resource availability was found to underlie regional bryophyte species distributional patterns. The dynamics of the Windmill Islands flora is therefore likely to shift in response to climate change as the availability of these key resources is altered. Under a wetter future climate, productivity is overall likely to increase but only certain cryptogamic communities are likely to thrive. Regeneration of moribund bryophytes appears likely only if the future moisture regime creates consistently moist conditions. Bryum pseudotriquetrum is most likely to survive both a drying climate and also a fluctuating climate, which is a highly likely scenario for the region. Under a drier climate, the Antarctic endemic, G. antarctici, is likely to be most adversely affected, as it dominates only the wettest communities and generally shows poor tolerance of desiccation. Conservation issues are therefore raised for this species, if the current drying trend continues, creating overall biodiversity concerns.
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Malik, Shehre-Banoo. "The early evolution of meiotic genes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/275/.
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Kish, Julia Ann. "The development of maternal confidence for labor among nulliparous pregnant women." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/275.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Human Development. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Almuhanna, Emad Ali. "Dust control in livestock buildings with electrostatically-charged water spray." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/275.
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McLemore, Dustin Dru. "A model records management system for Texas public utilities : an information science tool for public managers /." View online, 2008. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/275/.
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Zheng, Hongjun. "Nutrient acquisition in a human gut symbiont : molecular analysis of the carbohydrate utilisation apparatus of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/275.
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The gut microbiota play a significant role in human health and nutrition, although the mechanisms these organisms use to survive in this densely populated environment are not well understood. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is a dominant member of the gut bacterial community whose genome sequence reveals large expansions in protein families involved in the sensing, acquisition and utilisation of complex carbohydrates, pointing to the ability to access a wide range of glycans as playing a significant role in becoming a successful resident of the human gut. Here we have characterised components of the B. thetaiotaomicron polysaccharide utilisation apparatus at molecular level, focusing mainly on fructan sensing, binding and degradation systems. Microarray data from our collaborators revealed that growth of B. thetaiotaomicron on inulin (β-2,1-linked fructan) specifically upregulated a locus of nine genes BT1757-BT1765 and an orphan gene BT3082, encoding a glycoside hydrolase from family 32 (GH32). The locus contains three other GH32s, two predicted polysaccharide binding outer membrane proteins (SusC and SusD homologues), a fructokinase, and an inner membrane monosaccharide transporter. Together these components form a polysaccharide utilisation locus (PUL). The nearest regulatory gene to the PUL is BT1754, a hybrid two component system. Here we show that the periplasmic sensor domain of BT1754 (BT1754peri) binds specifically to fructose, with a Kd of ~2 μM and a stoichiometry of 1:1, but not fructooligosaccharides or other monosaccharides. The crystal structure of BT1754peri revealed a two domain periplasmic binding protein (PBP)-fold with the ligand fructose sandwiched between the two domains. BT1754 is the first periplasmic sensor histidine kinase domain to display a non-PAS fold. The structure in combination with biophysical and site-directed mutagenesis studies also shows how the protein displays such specificity in ligand recognition and provides insights into the mechanism of signal transduction across the inner membrane. The four glycoside hydrolase family 32 members regulated by BT1754 were also biochemically and structurally characterised in this thesis. Three of four GH32 enzymes BT1759, BT1765 and BT3082, digest both β-2,1-linked (inulin) and β-2,6-linked (levan) fructans, indicating that levan is also utilised by the same locus. BT1759 and BT3082 are exo-acting enzymes releasing fructose from both long-chain and short-chain inulins and levans, while BT1765 is also exo-acting and produces fructose, but preferred short-chain sugars. BT1760 is unusual for GH32 as it is specific for levan and has an endo-like activity, releasing a range of different size oligosaccharides from the polysaccharide. The crystal structures of wild type BT3082 and a nucleophile mutant in complex with substrate (kestose) were solved to 2.2 Å and revealed a typical GH32 β-propeller fold as the catalytic domain. Like all other GH32s solved to date, the enzyme has a C-terminal β-sheet domain of unknown function that was shown to be necessary for correct folding of the enzyme. BT3082 also has a unique N-terminal β-sheet domain that was shown to be essential for enzyme activity but not correct folding. Extensive site-directed mutagenesis was carried out to provide insight into the relative importance of different residues in substrate binding and catalysis in BT3082. The crystal structure of wild type BT1760 was solved to 2.6 Å, revealing a surprisingly similar structure to that of the exo-acting enzymes. A rationale for the endo-like activity of this enzyme and the role each of the four GH32s in fructan utilisation by B. thetaiotaomicron is discussed. The outer membrane SusD homologue BT1762 from the fructan locus was shown to bind preferentially to long chain levans, with no recognition of inulin. The crystal structure of BT1762 was solved to 1.9 Å and was shown to share the same novel α-helical fold as SusD. Site-directed mutagenesis of a number of residues in the same region as the SusD binding site showed that while the location of the ligand binding sites are conserved between these two proteins, the identity of the residues involved in polysaccharide recognition are not the same. A model is proposed for levan recognition in BT1762 and also its role in polysaccharide utilisation. B. thetaiotaomicron also has at least 12 ECF sigma/anti-sigma factor gene pairs likely involved in polysaccharide utilisation. Here we show that these systems form a trans-envelope signalling apparatus with their cognate SusC-transducer homologue, but that there is no cross talk between different systems. The significance of this finding in relation to survival of this important gut bacterium is discussed.
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Hauser, Karina. "SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF A CROSSDOCKING OPERATION IN A JUST-IN-TIME ENVIRONMENT." UKnowledge, 2002. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/275.
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In an ideal Just-in-Time (JIT) production environment, parts should be delivered to the workstationsat the exact time they are needed and in the exact quantity required. In reality, formost components/subassemblies this is neither practical nor economical. In this study, thematerial flow of the crossdocking operation at the Toyota Motor Manufacturing plant inGeorgetown, KY (TMMK) is simulated and analyzed.At the Georgetown plant between 80 and 120 trucks are unloaded every day, with approximately1300 different parts being handled in the crossdocking area. The crossdocking areaconsists of 12 lanes, each lane corresponding to one section of the assembly line. Whereassome pallets contain parts designated for only one lane, other parts are delivered in such smallquantities that they arrive as mixed pallets. These pallets have to be sorted/crossdocked intothe proper lanes before they can be delivered to the workstations at the assembly line. Thisprocedure is both time consuming and costly.In this study, the present layout of the crossdocking area at Toyota and a layout proposed byToyota are compared via simulation with three newly designed layouts. The simulation modelswill test the influence of two different volumes of incoming quantities, the actual volumeas it is now and one of 50% reduced volume. The models will also examine the effects ofcrossdocking on the performance of the system, simulating three different percentage levelsof pallets that have to be crossdocked.The objectives of the initial study are twofold. First, simulations of the current system,based on data provided by Toyota, will give insight into the dynamic behavior and the materialflow of the existing arrangement. These simulations will simultaneously serve to validateour modeling techniques. The second objective is to reduce the travel distances in the crossdockingarea; this will reduce the workload of the team members and decrease the lead timefrom unloading of the truck to delivery to the assembly line. In the second phase of theproject, the design will be further optimized. Starting with the best layouts from the simulationresults, the lanes will be rearranged using a genetic algorithm to allow the lanes withthe most crossdocking traffic to be closest together.The different crossdocking quantities and percentages of crossdocking pallets in the simulationsallow a generalization of the study and the development of guidelines for layouts ofother types of crossdocking operations. The simulation and optimization can be used as abasis for further studies of material flow in JIT and/or crossdocking environments.
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Datta, Srabosti. "POWER REDUCTION BY DYNAMICALLY VARYING SAMPLING RATE." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/275.
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In modern digital audio applications, a continuous audio signal stream is sampled at a fixed sampling rate, which is always greater than twice the highest frequency of the input signal, to prevent aliasing. A more energy efficient approach is to dynamically change the sampling rate based on the input signal. In the dynamic sampling rate technique, fewer samples are processed when there is little frequency content in the samples. The perceived quality of the signal is unchanged in this technique. Processing fewer samples involves less computation work; therefore processor speed and voltage can be reduced. This reduction in processor speed and voltage has been shown to reduce power consumption by up to 40% less than if the audio stream had been run at a fixed sampling rate.
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Alinsaif, Ahmed. "A study of psychosocial factors influencing alcohol use among Saudi Arabians." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/275.
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Alcohol use and abuse are prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and there are many social and psychological factors that lead to this dilemma. The majority of alcohol users in KSA are at risk for alcohol abuse as well as developing social, psychological, and physical problems. The focus of this cross-sectional study is psychosocial factors that cause alcohol use and abuse in KSA, as well as examining sociodemographic characteristics in order to determine the susceptibility of Saudi Arabians to use alcohol based on their characteristics. The study is designed to identify the non-separable relationship between certain social and psychological factors that influence alcohol use among Saudi Arabians (SA). However, there is no statistically significant relationship between the variables based on a 0.05 level of probability between the variables. Nonetheless, the findings of this study can be utilized by social workers to address the issues and the need for intervention strategies to manage this issue among Saudi population. Theoretical approaches should be used in education, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use among SA.
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Albertse, Gert Petrus Schlebusch. "Die boedelbelastingimplikasies van die aanwending van opeenvolgende beperkte regte / deur Gert Petrus Schlebusch Albertse." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/275.
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The bequest of a usufruct to one or more interim usufructuaries for a limited period
after the decease of the first usufructuary is often utilised by estate planners to
reduce the value of the ceasing limited interest and thus to effect a saving in respect
of estate duty.
The saving in respect of estate duty is effected due to the fact that
- the value of the ceasing limited interest in the estate of the first
usufructuary is calculated only over the duration of the period during
which the interim usufructuary is entitled to the limited interest and not
also over the life expectancy of the ultimate beneficiary, and
- that, on the cessation of the interim usufruct due to the efflux of time.
no estate duty is payable.
The very first reference to this method appeared in an article published in The
Taxpayer during 1965. Other authors like Meyerowitz, Silke and Stein and Davis,
Beneke and Jooste also referred to this method without analysing it or
investigating the legality thereof. All the aforementioned authors relied to a certain
extent for their views on a judgment of acting judge Warner in Bassett v
Commissioner for Inland Revenue (1 961 4 SA 769 (D)).
This dissertation is therefore aimed at investigating the legality of the method and to
focus on a few practical aspects regarding the application thereof as an estate
planning instrument.
An analysis of the wording of the charging clause (section II (a )(1) of the Estate Duty
Act and the valuation clause (section 5(1) of the act) has led to the belief that, in
considering the validity of the method, it is extremely important to bear in mind the
principles applicable to the vesting of testamentary rights.
In terms of the valuation clause of the Estate Duty Ad the value of a ceasing limited
interest for estate duty purposes is determined by capitalising the annual value of
the right of enjoyment of the properly in which the deceased held any such limited
interest to the extent to which the person who, upon the cessation of the said
interest of the deceased in consequence of the death of the deceased, becomes
entitled to any right of enjoyment of such properly.
In terms of the charging clause "the person to whom any advantage accrues by the
death of the deceased" is liable for the payment of estate duty in respect of the
cessation of a limited right.
In order to calculate the value of a ceasing limited interest and to determine the
liability for payment of estate duty in respect thereof it is necessary to determine
(a) the extent to which a successor in title of a deceased in consequence of the
death of the deceased has become entitled to any right of enjoyment, and
(b) to which person any advantage has accrued by the death of the deceased.
After analysing the wording of section 5(1)(b) and section 11(a)(1) the writer has
come to the following conclusions:
(a) In the case of an interim usufruct the right of enjoyment of the first
usufructury has to be capitalised only over the period of currency of the
interim usufruct and not also over the life expectancy of the owner of the
nuda proprietas.
(b) Subsection 5(l)(b) does not make provision for the valuation of an interim
usufruct at the termination them due to the efflux of time.
(c) Upon the decease of the first usufructuary an advantage as contemplated in
section 11(a)(1) accrues to the interim usufructury but not to the owner of
the nuda proprietas.
(d) On the cessation of an interim usufruct due to the efflux of time there is no
person to whom any advantage accrues by the death of a deceased as
contemplated in subsection 11 (a)(1), and consequently the owner of the nuda
proprietas does not at that stage incur any liability for estate duty.
In view of the aforegoing considerations the writer has come to the conclusion that
the utilisation of this method does not constitute a contravention the provisions of the
Estate Duty Ad. The artificiality of the valuation method prescribed in terms of
subsection 5(1)(b) lends itself to reducing the value of a limited interest by
interposing a successor for a short period between the deceased and the ultimate
beneficiary.
It follows therefore that the utilisation of this method does not constitute tax evasion.
Where the main consideration for the appointment of an intermediary usufructuary is
not so much the possible benefit that may acme to the intermediary as the
limitation of estate duty, the application of the method may constitute an avoidance
of estate duty. The Estate Duty Act, however, does not contain any general anti-avoidance
provision similar to section 103 of the lncome Tax Act.
In utilising this method estate planners should therefore bear in mind the possibility
that the fiscus may sooner or later introduce an amendment to the Estate Duty Act
to close this loophole.Thesis (LL.M. (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Subramanian, Ayshwarya. "Inferring tumor evolution using computational phylogenetics." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/275.
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Cancer research has made tremendous progress in understanding the basic biology of tumors. One of the key insights that has informed work in this area is the recognition that a tumor is an evolutionary system, in which individual cells undergo a process of rapid mutation and selection leading to a progression in phenotypes and, typically, aggressiveness of the tumor. Tumor phylogenetics is a strategy for interpreting the evolution of tumors using computer algorithms for phylogenetics, i.e., the inference of evolutionary trees. The approach takes advantage of a large body of phylogenetic theory and algorithms, developed primarily for inferring evolution among species, to interpret complex tumor data sets as evidence for evolutionary processes. The result is a tumor phylogeny, or phylogenetic tree, a reconstruction of the sequences of mutations that cells within a tumor or class of tumors accumulate over the course of their progression. The goals of finding such trees are to better interpret heterogeneity within and among tumors, identify and classify tumor subtypes with possible underlying mechanisms of action, learn markers of progression for key steps in tumor evolution, and enable predictive modeling of likely tumor progression steps that may ultimately assist in diagnosis and treatment.
In this dissertation, we discuss a computational framework for reconstructing phylogenies from genome-scale tumor array and sequencing data. We first present a novel phylogenetic pipeline for building tumor phylogenies from whole-genome copy number variation data. The steps included computational unmixing for resolving heterogeneity in genomic data from tumors, a statistical method for progression marker discovery, a statistical method for data discretization, application of character-based phylogeny reconstruction, and analyses of the resulting trees to draw biological significance. We then describe HMM-CNA, an improved model for discovering progression markers from cohorts of patient tumor copy number data that are especially relevant for phylogeny reconstruction via a custom multi-sample Hidden Markov model (HMM). We next present a novel strategy for phylogeny building from single cell sequencing data by inferring features that can accurately capture the composition of the individual genome sequences and distinguish among stages of tumor progression. We demonstrate these contributions on both simulated and human breast tumor biopsy and cell line data assuming a maximum parsimony model of evolution. Finally, we discuss future directions for building a more realistic model of tumor evolution by integrating patterns in genome structural changes with the functional elements they encode. We close with a discussion of recent research, current trends, and challenges and opportunities facing the field.
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Stewart, Andrew. "Non-equilibrium detectors for the mid-infrared." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/275.
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Miyazawa, Kenji Petrarca Derek. "Mirrors on the wall, eyes in the sky 13 tales by Miyazawa Kenji /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/275/.
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Howard, Zoe R. "Invasion of avian reproductive tissues by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/275.
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Coleman, Jessica M. Ms. "Formulation and Optimization of Aliskiren Loaded Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/275.
Full textAbstract:
Aliskiren is a non-peptide, orally active renin inhibitor with poor absorption and low bioavailability (~2.6%). In order to improve the current drug delivery system, a commercially available, biodegradable copolymer, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), was employed for a nanoparticle (NP) reformulation of aliskiren. An emulsion-diffusion-evaporation technique was implemented where aliskiren and PLGA were dissolved in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, or ethyl acetate/acetone. To an aqueous phase containing 0.25% w/v didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DMAB) as stabilizer, the previously prepared organic phase was added drop-wise. Following sonication, NP diffusion was expedited with the addition of water, and the organic phase was evaporated to form a suspension. Centrifugation was performed at 10,000 rpm, and the supernatant was analyzed for drug entrapment efficiency via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy as well as particle morphology with the use of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Having the highest entrapment efficiency (82.68 ± 1.18 %), ethyl acetate was used as the organic solvent in further testing, such as examining the effects of variation in DMAB stabilizer concentration (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.00% w/v) and centrifugation speed (10,000 or 12,000 rpm). The optimum formulation was ascertained through observing certain NP characteristics, such as entrapment efficiency particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). A NICOMP Particle Sizer was used to measure particle size, zeta potential, and PDI. The smallest NP size (67.27 ± 0.87 nm) was accomplished with 0.50% w/v DMAB concentration using a centrifugation speed of 12,000 rpm, while the highest zeta potential (18.73 ± 0.03 mV) was detected with the 1.00% w/v DMAB concentration and a 10,000 rpm centrifugation speed. Further, the best entrapment efficiency and PDI (82.68 ± 1.18 % and 0.15 ± 0.03, respectively) were accomplished with 0.25% w/v DMAB and centrifugation at 10,000 rpm. The most favorable formulation yielding the highest zeta potential (18.73 ± 0.03 mV) was observed when DMAB stabilizer was 1.00% w/v and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm. Particle size and entrapment efficiency for this formulation were 75.67 ± 0.89 nm and 71.62 ± 0.11 %, respectively.
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Marlowe, Eric-Jon Keawe. "Treatment of Religious Expresssion and Belief in Utah Public Schools: Perspectives of the Religious Minority." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/275.
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Recorded members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (also known as Mormon or LDS) comprise over 70% of Utah's population. This qualitative study identifies the unique concerns and challenges that members of Utah's minority religions may face in public schools. Semi-structured interviews, designed to elicit rich, detailed information, were conducted with 48 participants (13 leaders, 17 parents, 18 students) from seven different minority religions in Utah. Each interview was audio taped, transcribed, and then analyzed using the qualitative analysis program N-Vivo. Looking at the school institutional treatment (laws, policy, teachers, administrators) of participants' religions, few expressed major concerns or challenges. Ignorant LDS favoritism and school accommodation of LDS Released-Time Seminary were issues most commonly expressed. In contrast to institutional treatment, social treatment of participants' religion in school received significantly more comment, and related concerns ran considerably deeper. Participants identified areas of occasional peer exclusion such as LDS cliques, Seminary, conversation, and dating. Participants further identified areas of occasional uncomfortable peer interaction such as LDS proselytizing, sense of superiority, and assumptions or stereotypes. Several participants cited LDS ignorance, cohesiveness, and their doctrine of one true church as general causes of this peer exclusion and uncomfortable interaction. Furthermore, the data suggests that the challenges mentioned by participants are enhanced in the higher LDS populated and more rural areas of Utah. The findings also suggest that the prevalence of such challenges have been decreasing over time. All participants identified some concerns or challenges they face as members of a minority religion in their Utah school communities. However, it appears most participants, with some clear exceptions, did not view treatment of their religion in Utah public schools as a major issue.
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Соколова, Е. В. "Оксидные и халькогенидные материалы для ионометрии: синтез, физико-химические и электродноактивные свойства: Автореф. дис…. канд. химич. наук: 02.00.04." Thesis, Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/275.
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Samoshin, Andrey V. "Diastereoselective acylation of trans-2-substituted-cyclohexanols and glycosidase inhibition studies." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/275.
Full textAbstract:
Part I. The reaction between chiral acyl chlorides and trans -2-substituted-cyclohexanols proceeds diastereoselectively, i.e. produces mixtures of unequal amounts of diastereomers. We found for the first time that addition of pyridine or diisopropylethylamine accelerates the acylation, and unexpectedly for some substituents (RX) may completely invert its diastereoselectivity. These observations have been rationalized in terms of a stereoselective intramolecular assistance by the RX group to the acylation of the neighboring hydroxyl ("bait-and-hook" mechanism). A series of trans -2-substituted-cyclohexanols were synthesized and acylated with a racemic reagent in presence and absence of pyridine. The results showed that the presence of a nucleophilic group on the second carbon allowed for the preferred formation of one of the diastereomers in the absence of pyridine. However, in the presence of pyridine, the diastereoselectivity would inverse, and the reaction would favor the formation of the other diastereomer. To test the intramolecular acyl transfer hypothesis in detail a series of thioglucosides has been synthesized. Part II. The synthesized thioglucosides were tested as inhibitors of fungal glycosidases. Two compounds showed greater than 80% inhibition values in excess of the activity of β-D-glucosidases. More interestingly, the same compounds showed a marked enhancement of α-D-galactosidase activity by as much as 35%.
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Altino, José. "Correlação entre perfil lipídico, estado menopausal e câncer de mama." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/275.
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josealtino_dissert.pdf: 1203044 bytes, checksum: 98a2323333c4e318b345940a3837aec3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T18:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josealtino_dissert.pdf: 1203044 bytes, checksum: 98a2323333c4e318b345940a3837aec3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-01
Introduction: Breast cancer has a high prevalence and mortality in women. The family history in first-degree relatives is the main risk factor for the disease, accounting for 20-25% of cases. The remaining cases are caused by multiple factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, use of hormone therapy (HT). However it is unclear the effect of the combination of these factors in breast cancer. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between hormone levels and lipid profile and its influence on the immunohistochemical expression of receptors in breast tumors in postmenopausal women with or without HT, and to assess some risk factors and prognosis of breast cancer. Casuistic and Method: We studied 50 post-menopausal women with breast cancer, divided into two groups: G1 without, and G2 - with HT, at least 5 years, with HT suspended for cancer diagnosis. We analyzed lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC) and fractions (LDLc, HDLc, VLDLc) and triglycerides (TG), and the hormonal profile (estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The analysis of immunohistochemical expression comprised estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal factor type 2 (HER-2). We also evaluated the value prognosis of these receptors and the body mass index (BMI). Higher significance level of P <0.05 was considered. Results: Values of serum TC, LDLc, and HDLc were according to recommended limits in both groups (P> 0.05), while increased median values were observed for VLDLc and TG in G1 (36, 180 mg / dL, respectively ) versus G2 (28; 142 mg / dL, respectively, P = 0.048 for both). The presence of ER, PR, and HER-2 and itsrelationship with lipid profile and hormonal profile were similar between the groups (P> 005). The median values for hormone profile were similar in both groups (P> 005), except in the group analysis for LH values in pre-and postmenopausal women, especially the HT group, with 28% of patients with levels LH corresponding to premenopausal women (P = 0.010). A positive correlation was observed between levels of LDLc with CT. VLDLc, and TG for G1 (P ≤ 0.001) and G2 (P <0.05) positive correlation between TG and VLDLc in G1 (P <0.001) and G2 (P <0.001) negative correlation between the level of HDL-C and LH in G1 (P = 0.023); positive correlation between FSH and LDLc in G2 (P = 0.041), positive correlation between FSH and LH in G2 (P = 0.048); negative correlation between FSH and estradiol in G1 (P = 0.001). Risk factors (lipid profile and lipid BMI) and prognostic factors (absence of ER and PR, and presence or absence of HER-2) were similar in G1 and G2 for disease-free survival and overall (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Changes in hormonal and lipid profile did not influence the immunohistochemical expression of tumor tissue, prognostic factor in breast cancer, therefore, does not interfere with overall survival and free- tumor recurrence.
Introdução - O câncer de mama apresenta alta taxa de prevalência e mortalidade nas mulheres. A história familiar em parentes em primeiro grau é o principal fator de risco para a doença, sendo responsável por 20-25% dos casos. Os demais casos são decorrentes de múltiplos fatores, como obesidade, dislipidemia, uso de terapia hormonal (TH). No entanto, ainda é obscuro o efeito da associação dos referidos fatores no câncer de mama. Objetivos - Avaliar a relação entre perfil lipídico e níveis hormonais, e sua influência na expressão de receptores imunohistoquímico nos tumores de mama, em mulheres na pós-menopausa, com ou sem TH, e avaliar fatores de risco e prognóstico do câncer de mama. Casuística e Métodos - Foram estudadas 50 mulheres com câncer de mama na pós-menopausa, distribuídas em dois grupos: G1 – sem, e G2 – com uso de TH, no mínimo por 5 anos, TH suspenso ao diagnóstico do câncer. Analisou-se perfil lipídico incluindo níveis séricos de colesterol total (CT) e frações (LDLc, HDLc, VLDLc) e triglicérides (TG), além do perfil hormonal [estradiol, hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) e hormônio luteinizante (LH)]. A análise da expressão imunohistoquímica compreendeu receptores de estrógeno (RE), progesterona (RP) e fator epidermal humano do tipo 2 (HER-2). Avaliou-se também o valor prognóstico dos referidos receptores e o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Admitiu-se nível de significância para P<0,05. Resultados - Valores séricos de CT, LDLc, e HDLc mostraram-se nos limites recomendados em ambos os grupos (P>0,05), enquanto valores aumentados de mediana foram observados para VLDLc e TG no G1 (36; 180 mg/dL, respectivamente), versus G2 (28; 142 mg/dL, respectivamente; P=0,048, para ambos) A presença de RE, RP, e HER-2, e sua relação com perfil lipídico, e perfil hormonal foram semelhantes entre os grupos (P>0,05). Os valores de mediana para perfil hormonal foram semelhantes em ambos grupos (P>0,05), exceto na análise dos grupos para valores de LH na pré e pós-menopausa, destacando-se o grupo com TH, com 28% das pacientes com níveis de LH correspondente a pré-menopausa (P=0,010). Observou-se correlação positiva entre níveis de CT com LDLc, VLDLc, e TG para G1 (P≤0,001) e G2 (P<0,05); correlação positiva entre TG e VLDLc em G1 (P<0,001) e G2 (P<0,001); correlação negativa entre HDLc e LH em G1(P=0,023); correlação positiva entre LDLc e FSH em G2 (P=0,041); correlação positiva entre FSH e LH em G2 (P=0,048); correlação negativa entre FSH e estradiol em G1 (P=0,001). Fatores de risco (perfil lipídico e IMC) e fatores prognósticos (ausência de RE e RP, e presença ou ausência do HER-2) foram semelhantes em G1 e G2 para sobrevida livre de doença e global (P> 0,05). Conclusão – As mudanças no perfil lipídico e hormonal não tem relação com a expressão imunohistoquímica do tecido tumoral, dados imunohistoquímicos são fatores prognóstico no câncer de mama e, portanto, estas mudanças não apresentam interferência na sobrevida global e livre de recidiva tumoral.
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Vieira, João Carlos Carpes. "O primeiro distrito industrial de Farroupilha/RS e suas repercussões socioambientais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIVATES, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10737/275.
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A economia do município de Farroupilha/RS, historicamente, esteve centralizada no setor primário. Contudo, a partir da década de 1970, passou também a se voltar para a atividade industrial. Isso porque surgiu, por parte da administração municipal daquela época, uma política de desenvolvimento industrial, que concedeu incentivos à instalação de indústrias em distritos industriais. A presente dissertação buscou analisar as repercussões socioambientais decorrentes da criação do primeiro distrito industrial do Rio Grande do Sul, no município de Farroupilha, em 1969, verificar a implementação da gestão ambiental do município e por fim, analisar se a legislação contemporânea exige licenciamento ambiental para tais empreendimentos. Para tanto, foi adotado o método qualitativo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental no exame da legislação ambiental nas esferas federal, estadual e municipal, bem como utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. No momento da instalação do distrito industrial, não havia previsão legal exigindo licenciamento ambiental, quer seja do próprio distrito, quer seja das empresas que foram instaladas, posto que a criação do distrito ocorreu em 1969 e a lei que o exige foi publicada em 1981. No período de sua instalação, a preocupação dos gestores públicos foi com a promoção do crescimento econômico, o qual foi alcançado. Em conseqüência desse progresso, ocorreram relevantes repercussões socioambientais, tanto positivas, quanto negativas. Dentre os aspectos positivos estão o incremento na geração de empregos e na arrecadação, o desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo local e o avanço no nível de instrução da população, bem como a miscigenação cultural. Já o surgimento de novos loteamentos habitacionais sem a devida infraestrutura, o abalo à segurança municipal, o aumento no consumo de matérias-primas e a alteração na flora e fauna locais foram apontados como alguns dos impactos negativos do distrito.
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Bickett, Jill Patricia. "A Case Study of Student Leadership and Service in a Catholic Female Single-Sex High School." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2008. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/275.
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The purpose of this study was to research student perspectives about, and participation in, leadership and service at Catholic female single-sex high schools. This study draws data from a Catholic female single-sex high school in a metropolitan area of the United States. Data collection included school document review, site observation, and interviews of current students (n=10), young alumnae (n=5), mature alumnae (n=5), and current faculty and staff (n=6). The data was analyzed using an adapted theoretical framework of Wenger's (1998) social theory of learning, informed by Lave and Wenger's (1991) concept of communities of practice. This study addresses how the situated experience of the Catholic female single-sex high school affects students' expectations, values, and behaviors regarding leadership and service. The data show that the situated experience of a Catholic female single-sex high school encouraged engagement and interest in leadership and service. Students were empowered to believe that gender should not be an obstacle in seeking positions of leadership or service. However, although the environment was successful in advocating for participation in leadership and service, the social structure, social practices, identity formation, and situated environment tended to reinforce traditional gender-based notions of leadership and service. The culture of the school did not encourage the use of a critical lens to view the inequity that women experience, resulting in student expectations, behaviors, and values that were reproduced from the dominant culture in society. Student relationship to community and Catholicity is also discussed. In order to achieve the benefits of female empowerment advocated by the school, greater emphasis should be placed on identifying and addressing the obstacles to female leadership and service in society at large. There should be continued research to identify effective strategies for empowering female students to participate in leadership and service opportunities in high school, while providing them with a clearer sense of the challenges they will face in leadership and service positions later in life. In this way, the mission of Catholic female single-sex high schools can be more fully realized, which will hasten the day when true gender equity is achieved in the broader social context.
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Velez, Rene. "Perceptions of School Performance Measures: A Study of Principals in the United States and Head Teachers in the United Kingdom Using Q Methodology." UNF Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/275.
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Performance measures have been used throughout the business sector as a means to assess productivity, allocate resources, and increase profitability. More recently, they have been utilized to answer increasing calls for accountability in public education. Legislation has been passed in both the United Kingdom and the United States that implements performance measures as a means to measure student achievement and assess school performance. This study, conducted both in the United States and the United Kingdom, examined the perceptions of 15 primary and 15 elementary school leaders with regard to the transnational issue of school performance measures.
Q methodology was used to examine the opinions and perceptions of these leaders for the purpose of providing insight for stakeholders and identifying future areas of research. The data from the participants revealed patterns of opinion within the head teacher group, the principal group, and the participants as a whole. Common opinions included the balanced use of performance measures, the political nature of school performance measures, the appropriate use of standardized test scores, and the consideration of economic and social factors. This study also demonstrated the use of Q methodology in qualitative educational research by both obtaining and analyzing rich and insightful participant data.
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Pescetta, Marxan Elizabeth. "Teaching Digital Citizenship in a Global Academy." NSUWorks, 2011. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/275.
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As technology continues to change the way society communicates, teachers need to prepare their students for digital literacy and competencies in their adulthood. Specific training is necessary for educators in the appropriate and effective methods for incorporating technologies such as smart phones and hand-held devices. Teachers, who work in international boarding schools, are more effective in their use of technology when they understand the classroom cultural differences and are able to clarify any misconceptions. To determine what experienced teachers find missing in their instruction and what should be included in a teachers' instructional guide, a guide was developed based upon the existing literature; the guide was tested and revised under three conditions.
In the first phase, a panel of subject-matter experts reviewed the guide draft to identify the instructional goals and validate the survey instrument. In the second phase, a teacher's workshop was conducted and provided in-depth discussions on how they use technology in the classroom. Teachers shared examples of how culture affected students' use and misuse of technology. In the final phase, observations were conducted as teachers used the lessons and resources in their instruction. The final revision, presented in this document, includes closing comments made by participating teachers.
The goal was to develop a digital citizenship guide for teachers in international boarding schools that reflected best practices from the literature and the input from experts and teachers. The results identified the specific skills and competencies that are required to teach students how to communicate in the digital world and become good digital citizens. The culturally diverse student population at the investigation site made it possible to generalize instructional sets that will be of value to teachers everywhere. The guide, developed through the dissertation initiative, provides educators with the knowledge, tools, and examples necessary to teach students how these technologies can be used in a multicultural learning environment. It can be used to address the fundamentals of digital citizenship and provide insight into the role culture plays in the use of technology in education.
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Almeida, Juliana Pessoa Meneses de. "Os discursos de verdade produzidos na esfera judicial: estupros em Salvador." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/275.
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Analisando os discursos de magistrados e promotores de justiça nos processos de estupros, o presente trabalho objetiva verificar se há produção de violência de gênero em âmbito judicial, seja em virtude da presença de construções assimétricas de gênero, utilização de procedimentos de controle do discurso para manutenção do poder ou uma não efetiva absorção dos Direitos Humanos de Gênero. Para tanto, aplica-se a análise de conteúdo a denúncias e sentenças existentes em ações julgadas entre os anos de 2010 a 2013, por crimes previstos no art. 213 do Código Penal, onde as vítimas eram mulheres e agressores homens, ambos capazes, inexistindo incidência da Lei 11.340/2006. Essa pesquisa é desenvolvida alinhada ao entendimento da participação das representações sociais na construção do imaginário do sujeito e suas compreensões sobre os fenômenos sociais, das relações de gênero como relações de poder, e da violência de gênero como desrespeito aos Direitos Humanos. Assim, ao compreender a dinâmica do processo judicial deste crime, revelando os elementos subjetivos que atuam e relações de força em seu interior, será possível averiguar a existência (ou não) de outros discursos coexistindo junto ao discurso jurídico.
Analyzing the discourse of judges and prosecutors in cases of rape, this study aims to check for production of gender violence at the judicial level, either because of the presence of asymmetric constructions of gender, use of control procedures for maintenance of speech power or a non effective absorption of Human Rights Gender. For that, content analysis is applied to the existing complaints and judgments in actions decided between the years 2010 to 2013, for crimes under Art. 213 of the Penal Code, where the victims were women and the offending were men, both able, without incidence of Law 11.340/2006. This research is developed aligned to the understanding of the role of social representations in the imaginary construction of the subject and their understanding of social phenomena, of gender relations as power relations and gender violence and disrespect for Human Rights. Thus, to understand the dynamics of the judicial process of this crime, revealing the subjective elements that work and power relations within it, it will be possible to ascertain the existence (or not) of other discourses coexisting with the legal discourse.
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Castro, Fabíula Gomes de. "Política de cotas no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins - Campus Gurupi: reflexos da Lei nº 12.711, de 29 de agosto de 2012." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/275.
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Foi analisado o sistema de reserva de vagas, com base em critérios raciais e sociais implantados no Instituto Federal do Tocantins campus Gurupi. A dissertação tem, por objetivo, examinar a experiência desta instituição de ensino, sob a ótica dos estudantes que ingressaram pelo sistema de reserva de vagas e gestores, em relação à política de cotas. Recorrendo a subsídios teóricos dos campos jurídico, político e social, que enfocam sentidos político-sociais das ações afirmativas, traz uma discussão acerca dessas ações, enquanto política pública voltada às minorias étnicas, raciais e sociais, desde o contexto internacional à realidade brasileira. Segue explorando a política de ações afirmativas voltada à educação, especificamente a que busca garantir o acesso ao ensino superior e técnico às pessoas de baixa renda, pretos e pardos, por meio do sistema de cotas, com base na Lei n° 12.711/12. Os procedimentos metodológicos da investigação ancoraram-se nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. O instrumento para a coleta de dados foi a entrevista e, para a análise, utilizou-se a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. O campo empírico compreendeu o IFTO campus Gurupi. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a adoção da Lei de Cotas representou um inegável avanço em relação à democratização, quanto ao acesso a grupos historicamente excluídos. Contudo, existe, ainda, um conjunto de medidas a serem desenvolvidas no seio das instituições de ensino, com vistas ao seu aprimoramento.It analyzed the vacancy reservation system based on racial and social criteria implemented at the Federal Institute campus Tocantins Gurupi. The dissertation aims to examine the experience of this educational institution from the perspective of students entering the reservation system of vacancies and managers in relation to the quota policy. Using the theoretical basis of legal, political and social fields, which focus on political and social meanings of affirmative action, it brings a discussion of these actions as public policies directed to ethnic, racial and social minorities approaching both the international and the Brazilian contexts. Following, it explores the affirmative action policy focused on education, specifically that which seeks to ensure access to higher and technical education to low-income people, black and brown through the quota system, based on Law n. 12.711/2012. The methodological procedures of research were the qualitative research and the case study. The instrument for data collection was the interview and the analysis was made through the methodology of Content Analysis. The empirical field was the IFTO Campus in Gurupi. The survey results indicate that the adoption of the Quota Law represented an undeniable improvement in the democratization of access to historically excluded groups. However, there is still a set of measures to be developed within the educational institutions to pursue its improvement.
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Li, Hongguang. "Responsive luminescence toolbox for biological applications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/275.
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In chapter one, literature review have been down about the photophysical properties of lanthanide complexes and their applications. In chapter 2, the design and synthesis of water soluble cyclen based europium complexes with cyclin A specific peptides were described. Linear and two-photon induced hypersensitive europium emission gave the real time signalling and also enhanced the two-photon induced emission from 12GM to 68GM after Cyclin A binding. In chapter 3, the design of water soluble multi-modal porphyrin based compounds for key cell cycle regulator- Plk 1 imaging and cancer cells inhibition were described. Two water soluble porphyrin compounds have been synthesized and shown the specific photodynamic therapy treatment in the cancer cells via the selectively binding with Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). Plk1 is responsible for cell cycle regulation. Commercial or known Plk1 inhibitor/bioprobes are always poor cell internalization and easily to be damaged by enzymatic degradation. In addition, these markers are not available to image and inhibit the Plk1 as dual function probe. We introduced a new approach amphiphilic porphyrin with Plk1 specific peptide. Our compounds shown responsive emission enhancement upon binding with Plk1 in aqueous medium. In vitro, it can triggered G2-M phase arrest and inhibited the cancer cells specific as Plk1 is overexpressed in cancer cell. In chapter 4, we designed and synthesized a platinumeuropium complex (PtEuL401) as a controlled delivery vehicle of cisplatin. PtEuL401 shown responsive emission with the appropriate light excitation in aqueous and in vivo during the drug delivery process. Compared with the existing prodrugs, we offer real-time monitoring of the therapy process. Also, the long emission lifetimes of lanthanides creates room for further development in time-resolved imaging protocols which eliminates the problem of autofluorescence.
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Powell-Williams, Melissa Ann. "Experiential Commensurability and Identity Correspondence: Examining Deaf Culture Movement Collective Identity in the United States." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/275.
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Using the analytical tool frame resonance, this research empirically assesses the alignment of personal and collective identities within the context of the Deaf Culture Movement (DCM) in the United States. Though social movement researchers assume that identities, culture, beliefs, and values are developments of interactional processes, the current literature remains considerably one sided in its emphasis on this meaning work on the part of elite social movement organizers (Benford 1997). Thus, this research takes for granted the variability of how collective identities and ideologies are understood, adopted, and resonate at the micro level. Through routine observation of various DCM activities and in-depth interviews with deaf who regularly participate within DCM activities, this research examines their process of adopting, modifying, or rejecting the DCM identity. In addition to alignment, the assessment of personal identity narratives also reveals unique and familiar passing and accounting strategies as respondents in order to avoid or repair contentious interactions. This research adds to current social movement literature including but not limited to framing processes, resonance, collective identity, identity correspondence, and interpretative work by members on the "fringes" of social movement activity. Further, this research also contributes to current Deaf studies literature and integrates these insights into mainstream sociological literature.
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Maripi, Jagadish Kumar. "AN EFFECTIVE PARALLEL PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM AND ITS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/275.
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Population-based global optimization algorithms including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have become popular for solving multi-optima problems much more efficiently than the traditional mathematical techniques. In this research, we present and evaluate a new parallel PSO algorithm that provides a significant performance improvement as compared to the serial PSO algorithm. Instead of merely assigning parts of the task of serial version to several processors, the new algorithm places multiple swarms on the available nodes in which operate independently, while collaborating on the same task. With the reduction of the communication bottleneck as well the ability to manipulate the individual swarms independently, the proposed approach outperforms the original PSO algorithm and still maintains the simplicity and ease of implementation.
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Pessoa, Silvia Maria Matos. "Método de estimação de modelos de ciclos reais - um estudo para as economias brasileira e americana." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/275.
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Previous issue date: 1999-07-13O presente trabalho estima por máxima verossimilhança um modelo de ciclos reais para as economias brasileira americana. Os parâmetros são estimados partir de um VAR na forma estrutural obtido de um modelo macroeconômico de horizonte infinito com agente representativo choque tecnológico. Como algumas variáveis necessárias para estimação do modelo não são observadas emprega-se, na rotina computacional escrita em Matlab, método de Filtro de Kalman. Desta forma, enfoque adotado apresenta-se como opção metodologia de calibração, bem como metodologia de modelos VAR com imputação ad hoc de condições de identificação. Para estimação do modelo construiu-se uma base de dados de tributação para o Brasil, desagregando em impostos sobre absorção, sobre rendimento do fator capital sobre fator trabalho para período 1949-1995. Também empreende-se ao longo da dissertação, um detalhamento minucioso da técnica econométrica empregada dos procedimentos computacionais adotados.
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Al, Hajjar Hikmat. "Applicabilité et efficacité d'une protection galvanique aux aciers de précontrainte." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/275/.
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L'objectif de ce travail consiste à évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients de l'application d'une protection cathodique par anode sacrificielle sur des éléments en béton précontraint et de faire une comparaison avec la protection cathodique par courant imposé. On s'intéressera particulièrement à vérifier si ces systèmes de protection peuvent vraiment protéger les aciers en diminuant leur vitesse de corrosion, et éventuellement donner la possibilité de les repassiver. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons choisi deux types de corps d'épreuve : des poutrelles de béton en acier précontraint par pré-tension et des éprouvettes (modèles) de béton fabriquées au laboratoire avec des aciers d'armatures courants (HA), des aciers à haute résistance pour la précontrainte (HR), préalablement corrodés ou non et avec ou sans application de protection cathodique. Afin d'accélérer la corrosion, une agression chimique a été simulée soit par immersion partielle des corps d'épreuve dans une solution saline de NaCl de 35g/l, soit par ajout de 2% ppc de Cl- (sous la forme NaCl). Un courant galvanique, qui offre aux aciers un potentiel inférieur à -800 mV vs SCE et une dépolarisation supérieure à 100 mV après un temps de 4 heures, a été appliqué sur les poutrelles en béton précontraint et sur les éprouvettes modèles. Un autre système de protection par courant imposé, de densité 5mA/m² de la surface active de l'acier, a été appliqué sur les éprouvettes modèles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le courant galvanique appliqué sur les poutrelles en béton précontraint peut augmenter les potentiels d'acier mesurés 24 heures après la déconnexion de l'anode sacrificielle, spécialement dans la zone intermédiaire. L'application de courant galvanique aux éprouvettes modèles augmente ces potentiels seulement dans le cas où les aciers étudiés ne sont pas corrodés avant le traitement. Enfin, l'application d'un courant imposé de 5mA/m² de la surface active de l'acier aux éprouvettes modèles était, en général, plus efficace. La prévention galvanique a diminué la vitesse de corrosion des éprouvettes modèles, et aussi des poutrelles en béton précontraint dans la zone intermédiaire et dans la zone immergée proche de l'anode. .The objective of this work is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of applying a cathodic protection by sacrificial anode on elements in concrete and make a comparison with cathodic protection by imposed current. It will focus particularly to verify if these protection systems can really protect steels by reducing the corrosion rate. To carry out this study, two types specimens were selected: beams of prestressed concrete (pre-tension) and samples (models) of concrete produced in the laboratory with high adhesion (HA) and high-strength (HR) steels reinforcement, previously corroded or not and with or without the application of cathodic protection. To accelerate corrosion, a chemical attack was simulated by partial immersion of specimens in a saline solution of NaCl 35 g/l, either by adding 2% ppc Cl- (in the form NaCl). A galvanic current, which offers a potential steel less than -800 mV vs SCE and a depolarization, a toff = 4 h, greater than 100 mV, was applied to prestressed beams and model specimens. Another system of protection by imposed current, with density equal to 5mA / m² of the active surface of the steel, has been applied to test models. The results show that the galvanic current applied to pre-stressed beams can increase the potential of steel measured 24 hours after the disconnection of sacrificial anode, especially in the intermediate zone. Thus, the application of galvanic current to model specimens increases these potential if the steel is not corroded before treatment. .
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Dahle, Samuel Kirk. "Predicting the Growth Potential of a Shallow, Warm-Water Sport Fishery: A Spatially Explicit Bioenergetics Approach." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/275.
Full textAbstract:
Capturing the range of fish consumption and growth potential of large, heterogeneous lentic systems can be challenging due to strong gradients in productivity, the diversity of habits types present, and in some cases, site-specific water quality issues. Cutler Reservoir (Utah, USA) displays a high degree of spatial and temporal variation in physical conditions and potential water quality limitations for fish, including high summertime water temperature and large, diel fluctuations in dissolved oxygen concentrations. The combination of bioenergetics modeling and GIS spatial analysis offers a promising interface for quantifying the fish consumptive and growth potential across a spatially and temporally heterogeneous system like Cutler Reservoir, as well as identifying the role of potential water quality impairment on fish population abundance and condition. Within a bioenergetics framework, we combined empirical field estimates of fish growth and diet composition with a novel use of Thermal Remote Imaging (TIR) as a measure of spatially explicit thermal regime across a very large spatial scale (9,601,200 m2). We used these data inputs and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate spatially explicit, high-resolution maps of the growth potential of the primary sport fishes of Cutler Reservoir across spring, summer, and autumn seasons. The predicted growth potential of these fishes varied widely according to spatial and temporal differences in temperature and food availability, acting in concert with species-specific physiological tolerances and habitat preferences. Walleye (Sander vitreus) and black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) experience high growth potential throughout much of the reservoir during spring and fall, but are constrained to small thermal refugia during the heat of the summer. In contrast, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) growth potential is low during spring and fall, but peaks strongly during the warm summer period. The proportion of habitat suitable for each primary sport fish ranged from highs of > 90% for channel catfish for most of the summer season to lows < 5% for crappie in July. Our approach provides a useful tool for analyzing factors that control fish growth in complex water bodies such as Cutler Reservoir as well as identifying the role of water quality in structuring fish community composition.
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Cenek, Martin. "Information Processing in Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/275.
Full textAbstract:
Cellular automata (CA) have been widely used as idealized models of spatially-extended dynamical systems and as models of massively parallel distributed computation devices. Despite their wide range of applications and the fact that CA are capable of universal computation (under particular constraints), the full potential of these models is unrealized to-date. This is for two reasons: (1) the absence of a programming paradigm to control these models to solve a given problem and (2) the lack of understanding of how these models compute a given task. This work addresses the notion of computation in two-dimensional cellular automata. Solutions using a decentralized parallel model of computation require information processing on a global level. CA have been used to solve the so-called density (or majority) classification task that requires a system-wide coordination of cells. To better understand and challenge the ability of CA to solve problems, I define, solve, and analyze novel tasks that require solutions with global information processing mechanisms. The ability of CA to perform parallel, collective computation is attributed to the complex pattern-forming system behavior. I further develop the computational mechanics framework to study the mechanism of collective computation in two-dimensional cellular automata. I define several approaches to automatically identify the spatiotemporal structures with information content. Finally, I demonstrate why an accurate model of information processing in two-dimensional cellular automata cannot be constructed from the space-time behavior of these structures.
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Botros, Amir A. "GEODESICS IN LORENTZIAN MANIFOLDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/275.
Full textAbstract:
We present an extension of Geodesics in Lorentzian Manifolds (Semi-Riemannian Manifolds or pseudo-Riemannian Manifolds ). A geodesic on a Riemannian manifold is, locally, a length minimizing curve. On the other hand, geodesics in Lorentzian manifolds can be viewed as a distance between ``events''. They are no longer distance minimizing (instead, some are distance maximizing) and our goal is to illustrate over what time parameter geodesics in Lorentzian manifolds are defined. If all geodesics in timelike or spacelike or lightlike are defined for infinite time, then the manifold is called ``geodesically complete'', or simply, ``complete''. It is easy to show that the magnitude of a geodesic is constant, so one can characterize geodesics in terms of their causal character: if this magnitude is negative, the geodesic is called timelike. If this magnitude is positive, then it is spacelike. If this magnitude is 0, then it is called lightlike or null. Geodesic completeness can be considered by only considering one causal character to produce the notions of spacelike complete, timelike complete, and null or lightlike complete. We illustrate that some of the notions are inequivalent.