Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Ha, Thang N., Kurt J. Marfurt, Bradley C. Wallet, and Bryce Hutchinson. "Pitfalls and implementation of data conditioning, attribute analysis, and self-organizing maps to 2D data: Application to the Exmouth Plateau, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): SG23—SG42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0248.1.

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Recent developments in attribute analysis and machine learning have significantly enhanced interpretation workflows of 3D seismic surveys. Nevertheless, even in 2018, many sedimentary basins are only covered by grids of 2D seismic lines. These 2D surveys are suitable for regional feature mapping and often identify targets in areas not covered by 3D surveys. With continuing pressure to cut costs in the hydrocarbon industry, it is crucial to extract as much information as possible from these 2D surveys. Unfortunately, much if not most modern interpretation software packages are designed to work exclusively with 3D data. To determine if we can apply 3D volumetric interpretation workflows to grids of 2D seismic lines, we have applied data conditioning, attribute analysis, and a machine-learning technique called self-organizing maps to the 2D data acquired over the Exmouth Plateau, North Carnarvon Basin, Australia. We find that these workflows allow us to significantly improve image quality, interpret regional geologic features, identify local anomalies, and perform seismic facies analysis. However, these workflows are not without pitfalls. We need to be careful in choosing the order of filters in the data conditioning workflow and be aware of reflector misties at line intersections. Vector data, such as reflector convergence, need to be extracted and then mapped component-by-component before combining the results. We are also unable to perform attribute extraction along a surface or geobody extraction for 2D data in our commercial interpretation software package. To address this issue, we devise a point-by-point attribute extraction workaround to overcome the incompatibility between 3D interpretation workflow and 2D data.
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White, D. J., and M. Malinowski. "Interpretation of 2D seismic profiles in complex geological terrains: Examples from the Flin Flon mining camp, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): WC37—WC46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0478.1.

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A methodology was demonstrated for the 3D interpretation of networks of 2D seismic profiles in conjunction with other 3D geological constraints. The methodology employs 3D migration of 2D seismic data as a means of directly correlating reflections with out-of-plane geology, followed by ray-trace modeling of interpreted 3D geological surfaces. The proposed interpretation workflow was demonstrated with examples taken from 2D seismic profiles that were recently acquired for VMS ore exploration within the Flin Flon mining camp, Canada. In each example, the utility of the method was demonstrated and the resulting inferences were validated by comparison with a true 3D seismic survey acquired over a subset of the same area.
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Evans, B. J., B. F. Oke, M. Urosevic, and K. Chakraborty. "A COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL MODEL WITH FIELD DATA OVER OLIVER FIELD, VULCAN GRABEN." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94002.

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Physical models representing the three dimensional geology of oil fields can be built from materials such as plastics and resins. Using ultrasound transmitters and receivers, 2D and 3D seismic surveys can be simulated to aid in the survey design of field work, provide insight into data processing, and can test interpretation concepts. Such modelling simulates most aspects of both land and marine seismic.In 1993 BHP Petroleum, on behalf of the AC/P6 Joint Venture, contracted Curtin University's Geophysics Group to build a 1:40,000 scale, 11-layer, 2.5D model of the Oliver Field so that 2D and 3D field data acquisition and processing could be simulated. A 2.5D model is invariant in the strike direction, but can answer most of the questions of a true 3D model at a fraction of the effort and cost. This was the first such model built in Australia, and one of the most complex physical models ever built.Of interest was the quality of imaging under the fault shadow near reservoir level, and whether the application of dip or strike 3D acquisition and processing approaches could improve the seismic data quality. Consequently, both dip (2D) and strike (2.5D) seismic data were acquired over the model using similar parameters to those used in conventional offshore acquisition. The data were processed to migration stage and compared with the field seismic data. Numerical model and field VSP data were also processed and compared with the field and physical model seismic data.The good agreement between processed physical model seismic and field seismic shows that physical modelling of geology has application in both two and three dimensional interpretation, acquisition planning, and processing testing and optimisation.This physical model experiment proved conclusively that shallow faults with a relatively large velocity contrast across them cause 'back' faults on the seismic data which do not exist in reality. Furthermore, this experiment proved for the first time using a physical model that strike 3D marine recording is preferable to dip 3D marine recording.
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Wrona, Thilo, Indranil Pan, Rebecca E. Bell, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Haakon Fossen, and Sascha Brune. "3D seismic interpretation with deep learning: A brief introduction." Leading Edge 40, no. 7 (July 2021): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40070524.1.

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Understanding the internal structure of our planet is a fundamental goal of the earth sciences. As direct observations are restricted to surface outcrops and borehole cores, we rely on geophysical data to study the earth's interior. In particular, seismic reflection data showing acoustic images of the subsurface provide us with critical insights into sedimentary, tectonic, and magmatic systems. However, interpretations of these large 2D grids or 3D seismic volumes are time-consuming, even for a well-trained person or team. Here, we demonstrate how to automate and accelerate the analysis of these increasingly large seismic data sets with machine learning. We are able to perform typical seismic interpretation tasks such as mapping tectonic faults, salt bodies, and sedimentary horizons at high accuracy using deep convolutional neural networks. We share our workflows and scripts, encouraging users to apply our methods to similar problems. Our methodology is generic and flexible, allowing an easy adaptation without major changes. Once trained, these models can analyze large volumes of data within seconds, opening a new pathway to study the processes shaping the internal structure of our planet.
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Notiyal, Subodh, and Victoria Seesaha. "Creating a 3D image from 2D data using structurally conformable interpolation: a case study from the Beagle Sub-basin, NSW, Australia." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19175.

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2D seismic data still provides key information for companies evaluating new permits on offer or entering new basins. However, working on multi-vintage 2D data can be time-consuming for several reasons, including getting correct navigation, variability of physical parameters like amplitude, time and phase between different vintages, and then interpreting the 2D data itself, which often results in gridding artefacts. In a step change to the use of traditional 2D data, TGS has developed a methodology called ‘structurally conformable interpolation’ – also known as 2Dcubed. It is created using input data from available 2D migrated stacks and velocities from available vintages. The workflow includes survey matching of different vintages, data-driven geological model building to interpolate large distances between existing data, and a 3D post-stack migration to minimise the 2D migration artefacts. The merging of these datasets successfully creates a 3D migrated image from legacy 2D data, offering better structure and continuity while increasing confidence in its interpretation. Interpretation of a 3D volume is much more efficient than when using 2D data and is free from 2D artefacts. With this methodology TGS has completed a project covering a 40000km2 area in the Beagle Sub-basin, north-west Western Australia, using existing 2D data from over 42 different vintages. The resulting output ‘Beagle Cube’ interpolated 3D volume has been interpreted for major regional trends and structures. The results are very consistent with the original 2D data, but with better definition of major structures. Another study comparing the interpretation between the interpolated 3D volume and the real open-file 3D shows excellent preservation of the structural picture within the interpolated 3D volume, not at the same level as real 3D, but it gives greater confidence in the regional interpretation conducted within areas that do not have 3D coverage. This paper will address how the interpolation methodology works stage by stage, the results of the final product and how it assists in performing regional interpretation in a quick timeframe.
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Cox, David R., Paul C. Knutz, D. Calvin Campbell, John R. Hopper, Andrew M. W. Newton, Mads Huuse, and Karsten Gohl. "Geohazard detection using 3D seismic data to enhance offshore scientific drilling site selection." Scientific Drilling 28 (December 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-1-2020.

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Abstract. A geohazard assessment workflow is presented that maximizes the use of 3D seismic reflection data to improve the safety and success of offshore scientific drilling. This workflow has been implemented for International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Proposal 909 that aims to core seven sites with targets between 300 and 1000 m below seabed across the north-western Greenland continental shelf. This glaciated margin is a frontier petroleum province containing potential drilling hazards that must be avoided during drilling. Modern seismic interpretation techniques are used to identify, map and spatially analyse seismic features that may represent subsurface drilling hazards, such as seabed structures, faults, fluids and challenging lithologies. These hazards are compared against the spatial distribution of stratigraphic targets to guide site selection and minimize risk. The 3D seismic geohazard assessment specifically advanced the proposal by providing a more detailed and spatially extensive understanding of hazard distribution that was used to confidently select eight new site locations, abandon four others and fine-tune sites originally selected using 2D seismic data. Had several of the more challenging areas targeted by this proposal only been covered by 2D seismic data, it is likely that they would have been abandoned, restricting access to stratigraphic targets. The results informed the targeted location of an ultra-high-resolution 2D seismic survey by minimizing acquisition in unnecessary areas, saving valuable resources. With future IODP missions targeting similarly challenging frontier environments where 3D seismic data are available, this workflow provides a template for geohazard assessments that will enhance the success of future scientific drilling.
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Herron, Donald A., and Timothy E. Smith. "Practical aspects of working with 2D migrated seismic data." Interpretation 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): SG1—SG9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0189.1.

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Despite the ever-increasing use of 3D seismic data in today’s exploration and production activities, 2D seismic data continue to play an important role in the oil and gas industry. Interpretations of 2D regional and megaregional surveys are essential elements of integrated exploration programs, establishing frameworks for basin analysis, structural synthesis, and play fairway identification and mapping. When correlating and mapping horizons on 2D migrated seismic data, interpreters use certain practical techniques for handling structural misties, which are caused by the fundamental limitation of 2D migration to account for out-of-plane components of dip.
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Adetokunbo, Peter, Abdullatif A. Al-Shuhail, and Saleh Al-Dossary. "3D seismic edge detection using magic squares and cubes." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): T271—T280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0091.1.

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Edge detection is a category of geometric seismic attributes that has the capability to delineate vital information from seismic reflection data that can be used to aid qualitative and quantitative interpretation. We have evaluated a new method for geologic interpretation based on templates derived from magic squares and cubes. These are discrete differential operators that approximately calculate the spatial derivative of seismic amplitude through 2D and 3D convolution to locate edges and/or geologic features in seismic data. The new operator benefits from multidirectional scanning leading to efficient detection of different edge locations and their respective orientations. We have tested the new operators against the commonly used Sobel filter using two 3D seismic data volumes. Results of the [Formula: see text] magic cube operators provided better definition of seismic features than the [Formula: see text] magic cube operators. The overall results compared favorably with the Sobel operator, which suggests that the method can serve as a complementary tool to other existing seismic attributes.
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Gao, Dengliang. "Volume texture extraction for 3D seismic visualization and interpretation." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 4 (July 2003): 1294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1598122.

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Visual inspection of poststack seismic image patterns is effective in recognizing large‐scale seismic features; however, it is not effective in extracting quantitative information to visualize, detect, and map seismic features in an automatic and objective manner. Although conventional seismic attributes have significantly enhanced interpreters' ability to quantify seismic visualization and interpretation, very few attributes are published to characterize both intratrace and intertrace relationships of amplitudes from a three‐dimensional (3D) perspective. These relationships are fundamental to the characterization and identification of certain geological features. Here, I present a volume texture extraction method to overcome these limitations. In a two‐dimensional (2D) image domain where data samples are visualized by pixels (picture elements), a texture has been typically characterized based on a planar texel (textural element) using a gray level co‐occurrence matrix. I extend the concepts to a 3D seismic domain, where reflection amplitudes are visualized by voxels (volume picture elements). By evaluating a voxel co‐occurrence matrix (VCM) based on a cubic texel at each of the voxel locations, the algorithm extracts a plurality of volume textural attributes that are difficult to obtain using conventional seismic attribute extraction algorithms. Case studies indicate that the VCM texture extraction method helps visualize and detect major structural and stratigraphic features that are fundamental to robust seismic interpretation and successful hydrocarbon exploration.
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Infante-Paez, Lennon, and Kurt J. Marfurt. "In-context interpretation: Avoiding pitfalls in misidentification of igneous bodies in seismic data." Interpretation 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): SL29—SL42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0076.1.

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In the past few decades, many exploration wells have been drilled into igneous rocks because of their similar seismic expressions to common exploration targets, such as carbonate mounds, sheet sands, and sand-prone sinuous channels. In cases in which interpreters cannot clearly delineate sedimentary features such as channels or fans, the interpretation may be driven primarily by bright spot anomalies, in which a poor understanding of the wavelet polarity may lead to an erroneous interpretation. Although many wells drilled into igneous rocks are based on the interpretation of 2D seismic data, misinterpretation still occurs today using high-quality 3D seismic data. To address this challenge, we analyze the seismic expression of andesitic volcanoes in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand and use it to help understand misinterpreted igneous bodies in different parts of the world. Then, we develop an in-context interpretation workflow in which the seismic interpreter looks for key clues above, below, and around the target of interest that may alert the interpreter to the presence of igneous rocks.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Afsar, Fatima. "ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2D/3D SEISMIC DATA OVER DHURNAL OIL FIELD, NORTHERN PAKISTAN." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202565.

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The study area, Dhurnal oil field, is located 74 km southwest of Islamabad in the Potwar basin of Pakistan. Discovered in March 1984, the field was developed with four producing wells and three water injection wells. Three main limestone reservoirs of Eocene and Paleocene ages are present in this field. These limestone reservoirs are tectonically fractured and all the production is derived from these fractures. The overlying claystone formation of Miocene age provides vertical and lateral seal to the Paleocene and Permian carbonates. The field started production in May 1984, reaching a maximum rate of 19370 BOPD in November 1989. Currently Dhurnal‐1 (D-1) and Dhurnal‐6 (D-6) wells are producing 135 BOPD and 0.65 MMCF/D gas. The field has depleted after producing over 50 million Bbls of oil and 130 BCF of gas from naturally fractured low energy shelf carbonates of the Eocene, Paleocene and Permian reservoirs. Preliminary geological and geophysical data evaluation of Dhurnal field revealed the presence of an up-dip anticlinal structure between D-1 and D-6 wells, seen on new 2003 reprocessed data. However, this structural impression is not observed on old 1987 processed data. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate old and new reprocessed data in order to identify possible factors affecting the structural configuration. For this purpose, a detailed interpretation of old and new reprocessed data is carried out and results clearly demonstrate that structural compartmentalization exists in Dhurnal field (based on 2003 data). Therefore, to further analyse the available data sets, processing sequences pertaining to both vintages have been examined. After great effort and detailed investigation, it is concluded that the major parameter giving rise to this data discrepancy is the velocity analysis done with different gridding intervals. The detailed and dense velocity analysis carried out on the data in 2003 was able to image the subtle anticlinal feature, which was missed on the 1987 processed seismic data due to sparse gridding. In addition to this, about 105 sq.km 3D seismic data recently (2009) acquired by Ocean Pakistan Limited (OPL) is also interpreted in this project to gain greater confidence on the results. The 3D geophysical interpretation confirmed the findings and aided in accurately mapping the remaining hydrocarbon potential of Dhurnal field.
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Halvorsen, Hanne Sundgot. "Mapping of shallow Tunnel Valleys combining 2D and 3D Seismic Data." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18383.

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In this study 19 tunnel valleys within block 2/4 in the central North Sea basin have been mapped. Furthermore, the possibility for these valleys to act as migration paths for leaked gas has been evaluated. In January 1989 a kick occurred while drilling well 2/4-14 in the area of study, hence the pertinence of evaluating this hypothesis at this locality is evident. The work has been performed using multichannel 2D lines and a conventional 3D seismic survey. The quality of the 2D and 3D data is clearly dissimilar at shallow burial depths, as the 2D data is considered to be high-resolution while the 3D data is low-resolution. However, both data sets have proved to give valuable information on the valley morphology. Great details about the extent and basal morphology have been retrieved from the conventional 3D volume; whereas seismic characteristics of the valley infill have been interpreted from the 2D lines. Tunnel valleys are major, elongated incisions carved into sediments or permeable bedrock during glaciations. They tend to be sinuous in planform, but might also appear as straight valleys. Tunnel valleys often consist of several cut- and fill-structures, both laterally and vertically, and thus form a network of interconnected valleys. This has also been observed in the area of study. No sedimentological logs have been available in the study. Hence, the interpretations of valley fill lithologies are based on the seismic characteristics, and thereby they are quite cautious. The typical fill sequence observed correlates fairly good with similar valleys mapped in the area previously. A lower part of chaotic reflectors, believed to be glaciofluvial sands and gravels, is overlain by sub-horizontal layers of glaciomarine mud. Moreover, velocity pull-up effects are seen in the underburden of some of the valleys. These indicate relatively high velocities of the infill sediments, and hence, it is likely to be clayey tills. Even so, the possibility of gas migration within the tunnel valley system is believed to be conspicuous.
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Rodriguez, Tablante Johiris Isabel. "Extracting 3D Information from 2D Crooked Line Seismic Data on Hardrock Environments." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6510.

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Seismic methods have been used in sedimentary environment for almost 80 years. During that time, exploration geophysicists have developed a number of techniques to handle specific aspects of working in sedimentary areas. This is not the case for studies in the hardrock environment, where significantly less time and money have been invested on seismic investigations. Therefore, there is still a need to develop the right techniques appropriate for working in hardrock environments. The research presented here, covers aspects of acquisition, processing and interpretation in hardrock environments. A cost-effective alternative for two-dimensional data acquisition is presented. Acquisition parameters are also discussed and recommendations for future work are given. The main effort of this thesis, however, was to find appropriate processing methods to address some of the different problems present in datasets acquired in the hardrock environment. Comparison of two computer programs for first arrival seismic tomography was performed in order to find the most suitable one for processing crooked line geometries. Three-dimensional pre-stack depth migration was also tested to find a detailed near-surface image. A processing method geared to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio was applied to the dataset with the lowest signal amplitudes to improve the quality of the stack. Finally, cross-dip analysis and corrections were performed on two of the three datasets included in this thesis. Cross-dip analysis was also applied as an interpretation tool to provide the information needed for estimation of the true dip of some of the reflectors related to geological structures. The results presented in this thesis indicate that cross-dip analysis and corrections are one of the most powerful tools for processing and interpretation in the presence of complex geology. Therefore, it is recommended to include this method as a standard step in the processing and interpretation sequence of data acquired in hardrock environments.

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ROY, NILANJAN. "ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2D SEISMIC DATA OVER THE ANCONA GAS STORAGE FACILITY, ILLINOIS, USING PETREL VISUALIZATION SOFTWARE." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229924769.

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Lamb, Rachel. "Quaternary environments of the central North Sea from basin-wide 3D seismic data." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/quaternary-environments-of-the-central-north-sea-from-basinwide-3d-seismic-data(e7b26bab-8e0f-4403-b4c5-aee201ac6843).html.

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Climate change during the last 2.5 million years is characterised by glacial-interglacial cycles of fluctuating sea level and temperature increasing in magnitude and duration towards the present day. The central North Sea preserves these glacial-interglacial cycles in an expanded sedimentary sequence creating a high resolution palaeo-climatic record. Basin-wide, low-resolution 3D seismic data, covering more than 80,000 km2 of the central North Sea, is combined with high-resolution, broadband 3D seismic, regional 2D seismic and local ultra-high resolution seismic from the Dogger Bank windfarm development zone in order to investigate in full the sedimentary sequence. The evolution of the basin is analysed along with the preserved geomorphological landforms in order to build a framework for the development of the North Sea and its changing palaeo-environments from the inception of the Quaternary (2.58 Ma) until the extensive glacial unconformity formed during the Elsterian (0.48 Ma).At the onset of the Quaternary the structure of the North Sea was that of an elongate marine basin, rapidly infilled from the south by continued progradation of the large clinoformal deposits of the southern North Sea deltaic system. The basin rapidly decreased in extent and depth however it was not until around 1.1 Ma that the broad, shallow shelf of the present day was fully established. A revision of the current seismic stratigraphy is proposed, identifying four new Members within the Aberdeen Ground Formation taking into account the development of the basin through time. Powerful downslope gravity currents dominated the basin during much of the early Quaternary, although a well-established, anti-clockwise tidal gyre acted to gently modify the gravity currents. Iceberg scouring was nearly continual from the onset of the Quaternary until grounded ice sheets began to penetrate into the basin from 1.7 Ma, more than half a million years before any previous estimates. Effects of confluence of the British and Fennoscandian ice sheets are observed from 1.3 Ma. The tunnel valleys of the Dogger Bank represent a continuation of the North Sea tunnel valley network, interacting with both older glaciotectonic thrusting and younger glaciotectonic folded deformation.
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Rowe, Craig A. "A novel 3D transition zone seismic survey, Shoal Point, Port au Port Peninsula, Newfoundland : seismic data processing and interpretation /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,59416.

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Singh, Paritosh. "Processing, inversion, and interpretation of 9C-3D seismic data for characterizing the Morrow A sandstone, Postle Field, Oklahoma." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3559234.

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Detection of Morrow A sandstones is a major problem in the exploration of new fields and the characterization of existing fields because they are very thin and laterally discontinuous. The present research shows the advantages of S-wave data in detecting and characterizing the Morrow A sandstone. Full-waveform modeling is done to understand the sandstone signature in P-, PS- and S-wave gathers. The sandstone shows a distinct high-amplitude event in pure S-wave reflections as compared to the weaker P- and PS-wave events. Modeling also helps in understanding the effect of changing sandstone thickness, interbed multiples (generated by shallow high-velocity anhydrite layers) and sidelobe interference effect (due to Morrow shale) at the Morrow A level.

Multicomponent data need proper care while processing, especially the S-wave data which are aected by the near-surface complexity. Cross-spread geometry and 3D FK filtering are effective in removing the low-velocity noise trends. The S-wave data obtained after stripping the S-wave splitting in the overburden show improvement for imaging and reservoir property determination. Individual P- and S-wave attributes as well as their combinations have been analyzed to predict the A sandstone thickness. A multi-attribute map and collocated cokriging procedure is used to derive the seismic-guided isopach of the A sandstone.

Postle Field is undergoing CO2 flooding and it is important to understand the characteristics of the reservoir for successful flood management. Density can play an important role in finding and monitoring high-quality reservoirs, and to predict reservoir porosity. prestack P- and S-wave AVO inversion and joint P- and S-wave inversion provide density estimates along with the P- and S-impedance for better characterization of the Morrow A sandstone. The research provides a detailed multicomponent processing, inversion and interpretation work flow for reservoir characterization, which can be used for exploration in other parts of the world as well.

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Russ, Keith David. "An investigation into the application of computers for the processing of survey and planning data for 2D and 3D interpretation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260748.

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Huang, Fei. "3D Time-lapse Analysis of Seismic Reflection Data to Characterize the Reservoir at the Ketzin CO2 Storage Pilot Site." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301003.

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3D time-lapse seismics, also known as 4D seismics, have great potential for monitoring the migration of CO2 at underground storage sites. This thesis focuses on time-lapse analysis of 3D seismic reflection data acquired at the Ketzin CO2 geological storage site in order to improve understanding of the reservoir and how CO2 migrates within it. Four 3D seismic surveys have been acquired to date at the site, one baseline survey in 2005 prior to injection, two repeat surveys in 2009 and 2012 during the injection period, and one post-injection survey in 2015. To accurately simulate time-lapse seismic signatures in the subsurface, detailed 3D seismic property models for the baseline and repeat surveys were constructed by integrating borehole data and the 3D seismic data. Pseudo-boreholes between and beyond well control were built. A zero-offset convolution seismic modeling approach was used to generate synthetic time-lapse seismograms. This allowed simulations to be performed quickly and limited the introduction of artifacts in the seismic responses. Conventional seismic data have two limitations, uncertainty in detecting the CO2 plume in the reservoir and limited temporal resolution. In order to overcome these limitations, complex spectral decomposition was applied to the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Monochromatic wavelet phase and reflectivity amplitude components were decomposed from the 3D time-lapse seismic data. Wavelet phase anomalies associated with the CO2 plume were observed in the time-lapse data and verified by a series of seismic modeling studies. Tuning frequencies were determined from the balanced amplitude spectra in an attempt to discriminate between pressure effects and CO2 saturation. Quantitative assessment of the reservoir thickness and CO2 mass were performed. Time-lapse analysis on the post-injection survey was carried out and the results showed a consistent tendency with the previous repeat surveys in the CO2 migration, but with a decrease in the size of the amplitude anomaly. No systematic anomalies above the caprock were detected. Analysis of the signal to noise ratio and seismic simulations using the detailed 3D property models were performed to explain the observations. Estimation of the CO2 mass and uncertainties in it were investigated using two different approaches based on different velocity-saturation models.
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Moraes, Dione Cherpinsky. "Interpolação e regularização de dados sismicos usando a transformada de Radon linear (tau-up) 2D e 3D." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265528.

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Orientadores: Rodrigo de Souza Portugal, Carlos Alves da Cunha Filho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Os levantamentos sísmicos são parametrizados para que os dados sejam adquiridos segundo uma malha regular. Tal regularidade quase nunca é possível, pois durante a aquisição dos dados ocorrem obstáculos operacionais como cidades, estradas, plataformas e áreas de preservação ambiental, dentre muitos outros. Em dados marítimos sempre ocorre outro tipo de irregularidade, que é a deriva do cabo de hidrofones devido a correntes oceânicas. Tenta-se então regularizar esses dados no início do processamento sísmico, para que processos cruciais como análise de velocidades e migração tenham melhores desempenhos. Neste trabalho, a interpolação e regularização dos dados são feitas com auxílio da transformada T - p. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos utilizam a técnica do empilhamento oblíquo. Para os casos 2D e 3D, os parâmetros ideais são discutidos para que o dado retome do domínio T - P com a menor quantidade de artefatos possível. A regularização dos dados é realizada quando há deriva de cabos de hidrofones. A forma e a amplitude do sinal são preservadas quando realizam-se as transformadas T - P direta e invesa. Para o caso 2D, também são estudadas a interpolação de dados e a regularização quando ocorre um longo trecho sem informação sísmica.
Abstract: Seismic surveys are designed on the purpose that all samples collected during the seismic experiment fall on a specific regular grid. Nevertheless, this data regularity is almost impossible to achieve due to different obstacles during seismic acquisition such as constructions (cities, pipelines or other facilities), roads, platforms, preservation areas and so on. A very important non-cultural irregularity which occurs during marine seismic surveys and shall be part of our main concern is hydrophone cable drift caused by ocean currents (cable feathering). These irregularities shall be treated in the first steps of seismic data processing and data regularization can be the right tool to be used. Regularization may improve the overall performance of important steps in seismic processing like velocity analysis and migration. Data interpolation and regularization are performed using the T - P transform, with slant stack 2D and 3D algorithms. We discuss different issues in 2D and 3D data regularization using T - p transforms such as ideal parameterization to avoid artifacts and the 2D experiments related to interpolation and regularization of gaps in seismic information and cable feathering. Requirements for amplitude and phase preservation when the pair of T - P transforms is performed are also discussed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
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Books on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1.

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Rekapalli, R., and R. K. Tiwari. Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data. Springer, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Nanda, Niranjan C. "Evaluation of High-Resolution 3D and 4D Seismic Data." In Seismic Data Interpretation and Evaluation for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production, 129–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26491-2_8.

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Nanda, Niranjan C. "Evaluation of High-Resolution 3D and 4D Seismic Data." In Seismic Data Interpretation and Evaluation for Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production, 149–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75301-6_8.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Frequency and Time Domain SSA for 2D Seismic Data Denoising." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 33–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_4.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Denoising the 3D Seismic Data Using Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 85–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_7.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Introduction to Denoising and Data Gap Filling of Seismic Reflection Data." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_1.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Filtering 2D Seismic Data Using the Time Slice Singular Spectral Analysis." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 43–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_5.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Seismic Data Gap Filling Using the Singular Spectrum Based Analysis." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 95–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_8.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Robust and Fast Algorithms for Singular Spectral Analysis of Seismic Data." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_6.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Time and Frequency Domain Eigen Image and Cadzow Noise Filtering of 2D Seismic Data." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 11–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_2.

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Tiwari, R. K., and R. Rekapalli. "Singular Spectrum-Based Filtering to Enhance the Resolution of Seismic Attributes." In Modern Singular Spectral-Based Denoising and Filtering Techniques for 2D and 3D Reflection Seismic Data, 109–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19304-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Dancer, P. N. "The Corrib Field - Changes in Structural Interpretation through 2D, 3D and PreSDM Seismic Data." In 64th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.5.g033.

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Dancer, P. N. "The Corrib Field - Impact of 2D, 3D and PreSDM Seismic Data on the Structural Interpretation." In 63rd EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.15.p526.

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Michelon, Diogo, Iata Anderson de Souza, and Márcio Spínola. "Multivolume interpretation essay in Santos Basin and identification of tectonic and stratigraphic features from 2D and 3D seismic data." In 11th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.195.1779_evt_6year_2009.

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Šály, B., J. Janočko, S. Jacko, V. Jureňa, and I. Hlavaty. "New Results in the Mature East Slovakian Basin Based on 3D and 2D Seismic Data Interpretation and Sequence Stratigraphy." In 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2006. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402349.

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Michelon*, Diogo, Iata Anderson de Souza, and Márcio Spínola. "Multivolume interpretation essay in Santos Basin and identification of tectonic and stratigraphic features from 2D and 3D seismic data." In 11th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF 2009, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, 24-28 August 2009. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2009-197.

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Petrova, I. V., I. N. Kerusov, and A. A. Alabushin. "A Study of Upper Devonian Reefs of Timano–Pechora Province Based on a Joint Interpretation of 2D and 3D Seismic Data Ac." In Saint Petersburg 2010. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145448.

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Sinha, Supriya, Karol Riofrio, Arthur Walmsley, Nigel Clegg, Stig Sviland-Østre, and Nicolas Gueze. "REAL-TIME 3D IMAGING OF COMPLEX TURBIDITIC RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0041.

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Abstract:
Siliciclastic turbidite lobes and channels are known to exhibit varying degrees of architectural complexity. Understanding the elements that contribute to this complexity is the key to optimizing drilling targets, completions designs and long-term production. Several methods for 3D reservoir modelling based on seismic and electromagnetic (EM) data are available that are often complemented with outcrop, core and well log data studies. This paper explores an ultra-deep 3D EM inversion process during real-time drilling and how it can enhance the reservoir understanding beyond the existing approaches. The new generation of ultra-deep triaxial EM logging tools provide full-tensor, multi-component data with large depths of detection, allowing a range of geophysical inversion processing techniques to be implemented. A Gauss-Newton-based 3D inversion using semi-structured meshing was adapted to support real-time inversion of ultra-deep EM data while drilling. This 3D processing methodology provides more accurate imaging of the 3D architectural elements of the reservoir compared to earlier independent up-down, right-left imaging using 1D and 2D processing methods. This technology was trialed in multiple wells in the Heimdal Formation, a siliciclastic Palaeocene reservoir in the North Sea. The Heimdal Fm. sandstones are generally considered to be of excellent reservoir quality, deposited through many turbiditic pulses of variable energy. The presence of thin intra-reservoir shales, fine-grained sands, heterolithic zones and calcite-cemented intervals add architectural complexity to the reservoir and subsequently impacts the fluid flow within the sands. These features are responsible for heterogeneities that create tortuosity in the reservoir. When combined with more than a decade of production, they have caused significant localized movement of oil-water and gas-oil contacts. Ultra-deep 3D EM measurements have sensitivity to both rock and fluid properties within the EM field volume. They can, therefore, be applied to mapping both the internal reservoir structure and the oil-water contacts in the field. The enhanced imaging provided by the 3D inversion technology has allowed the interpretation of what appears to be laterally stacked turbidite channel fill deposits within a cross-axial amalgamated reservoir section. Accurate imaging of these elements has provided strong evidence of this depositional mechanism for the first time and added structural control in an area with little or no seismic signal.
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E. Zharov, A., O. S. Vinnikovskaya, O. A. Krovushkina, E. O. Malysheva, A. K. Zhemchugov, A. P. Murashka, A. Pribus, R. Crossly, R. Harris, and E. E. Karnyushina. "Western Kamchatka offshore Geology: 2D -3D seismic interpretation." In 5th EAGE International Scientific and Practical Conference and Exhibition on Engineering and Mining Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147364.

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Lomas, A., and A. Curtis. "3D Marchenko Redatuming Using 2D and 3D Seismic Data." In 80th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201801342.

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W. Tseng, H., L. M. MacGregor, and R. V. Ackermann. "3D Effects on 2D Interpretation of Marine CSEM Data." In 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20148570.

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Reports on the topic "2D/3D Seismic Data Interpretation"

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Bellefleur, G., E. Schetselaar, and D. White. Acquisition, processing and interpretation of the Lalor 3C-3D seismic data. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296308.

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M. Karrenbach. AN INTEGRATED MULTI-COMPONENT PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION FRAMEWORK FOR 3D BOREHOLE SEISMIC DATA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/842641.

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M. Karrenbach. An Integrated Multi-component Processing and Interpretation Framework for 3D Borehole Seismic Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862091.

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M. Karrenbach. An Integrated Multi-component Processing and Interpretation Framework for 3D Borehole Seismic Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862092.

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M. Karrenbach. An Integrated Multi-component Processing and Interpretation Framework for 3D Borehole Seismic Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883087.

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