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Journal articles on the topic '2D and 3D graphics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Alamarat, Yazan Ibrahim, and Hussein Mohammad Al-Omari. "The Effect of Combining 2D and 3D Moving Particles on Hybrid Motion Graphics." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 52, no. 2 (2024): 328–36. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v52i2.6250.

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Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of complexity involved in integrating 2D and 3D techniques and evaluating the utility of this approach for designers in generating innovative motion designs,. It also aims to examine the design methodology employed in the creation of 2D and 3D motion graphics. Methods: The study used the descriptive- analytical approach. It also used the quantitative approach based on understanding the effect of combining 2D and 3D moving particles in designing new and innovative designs and determining the relevant terminology and concepts to create 2D and 3D

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Yang, Chen. "The Investigation of Deep Learning Models Utilized in Vector Graphics Manipulation." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 85 (March 13, 2024): 1115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/t057w194.

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Vector graphics, 2D or 3D, hold paramount significance across various professional domains, including graphic design, web design, architecture, and engineering. However, traditional methods of creating vector graphics are characterized by low efficiency. This review explores the integration of some deep learning models designed for 2D and 3D vector graphics generation and manipulation, summarizing their main tasks and methods. In terms of 2D vector graphics, this review examines advanced models, including Convolutional Neural Networks, Generative Adversarial Networks, and more, for diverse tas

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Iskierka, Sławomir. "Tworzenie aplikacji interaktywnych w wybranych środowiskach 3D." Dydaktyka Informatyki 15 (2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/di.2020.15.10.

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Issues related to 3D computer graphics and creating 3D graphic designs were presented. Selected environments for 3D design and programming were described. The possibilities of using selected 2D and 3D graphic environments to create interactive applications were shown.

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Makarchuk, L. O., and T. A. Likhouzova. "ANALYSIS OF TOOLS FOR CREATING GRAPHIC IMAGES BASED ON 2D AND 3D MODELS." System technologies 4, no. 159 (2025): 166–71. https://doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-4-159-2025-17.

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The study analyzes and defines the current state of technologies in creating graphic images and outlines the main problems that need to be solved. Key aspects of working with 2D and 3D graphics are highlighted, and the features of their combination are determined. Modern IT solutions in this area are analyzed, which makes it possible to assess the available technologies and their limitations. In particular, it was found that most existing software products are focused mainly on 2D graphics, while the integration of 3D elements remains insufficiently implemented or difficult for non-programmer

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Kin, Taichi, Hirofumi Nakatomi, Masaaki Shojima, et al. "A new strategic neurosurgical planning tool for brainstem cavernous malformations using interactive computer graphics with multimodal fusion images." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 1 (2012): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.3.jns111541.

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Object In this study, the authors used preoperative simulation employing 3D computer graphics (interactive computer graphics) to fuse all imaging data for brainstem cavernous malformations. The authors evaluated whether interactive computer graphics or 2D imaging correlated better with the actual operative field, particularly in identifying a developmental venous anomaly (DVA). Methods The study population consisted of 10 patients scheduled for surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations. Data from preoperative imaging (MRI, CT, and 3D rotational angiography) were automatically fus

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Osadcha, Kateryna, and Victoriia Baluta. "The influence of modern trends in digital art on the content of training in computer graphics and digital design." Ukrainian Journal of Educational Studies and Information Technology 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32919/uesit.2021.01.01.

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The development of digital technologies leads to a variety of pictorial arts. With the advent of computer technology and communication technologies, areas such as computer graphics, computer and digital design, and phenomena such as digital art have emerged. The article analyzes these concepts, which provided an opportunity for further study. Based on the analysis of Internet resources on digital art, the following main trends are identified: virtual art, 3D printing, open source software, art of artificial intelligence, a combination of 2D animation and modern technologies, 3D painting, UX /

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Muhammad Adnani and Achmad Zakki Falani. "Implementasi Open Gl Untuk Pembuatan Objek 3d." JOURNAL ZETROEM 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36526/ztr.v3i1.1249.

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Computer Graphics is a part of computer science that deals with the creation and manipulation of (visual) images digitally. A simple form of computer graphics is 2D computer graphics which later evolved into 3D computer graphics, image-based (image processing), and pattern recognition (pattern recognition). Computer graphics are often also known as data visualization. Graphics include images and other imagery generated by the computer in the form of lines. OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is an API standard that can be used to create graphics-based applications, both two-dimensional (2D) and thr

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Lafon, Jean-Claude. "2D and 3D graphics with PostScript and PHIGS." Computers & Graphics 18, no. 3 (1994): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(94)90029-9.

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Leslie, WHP. "Graphics s/ware gives 2D twists, 3D perspectives." Microprocessors and Microsystems 9, no. 6 (1985): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(85)90122-x.

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Lemenkov, Vasiliy, and Polina Lemenkova. "Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 46, no. 1 (2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2021-0004.

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Abstract The paper presents technical application of TeX high-level, descriptive markup language for processing geological dataset from soil laboratory. Geotechnical measurements included equivalent soil cohesion, absolute and absolute deformation index, soil compressibility coefficient by time of immersion depth, exposure time to compressive strength to samples and physical and mechanical properties (humidity, density). Dataset was received from laboratory based experimental tests of the physical and mechanical properties of soils. Data were converted to csv table and processed by LaTeX. Meth

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Lemenkov, Vasiliy, and Polina Lemenkova. "Using TeX Markup Language for 3D and 2D Geological Plotting." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 46, no. 3 (2021): 43–69. https://doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2021-0004.

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The paper presents technical application of TeX high-level, descriptive markup language for processing geological dataset from soil laboratory. Geotechnical measurements included equivalent soil cohesion, absolute and absolute deformation index, soil compressibility coefficient by time of immersion depth, exposure time to compressive strength to samples and physical and mechanical properties (humidity, density). Dataset was received from laboratory based experimental tests of the phys- ical and mechanical properties of soils. Data were converted to csv table and processed by LaTeX. Methodology

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Sharifjanovna, Qozaqova Munojat. "Intensive Methods for Developing Design Skills in The Professional Activities of Engineering Students." International Journal of Pedagogics 5, no. 5 (2025): 405–9. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume05issue05-107.

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The article addresses the issue of developing graphic design skills in students based on engineering and computer graphics courses. It provides scientific analysis and recommendations regarding the relevance of developing 2D and 3D design skills among engineering students, identifies existing problems, and proposes solutions related to the design of equipment, products, and parts specific to their field.

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Пугин, К. В., А. М. Гиацинтов, and К. А. Мамросенко. "OpenGL ES based Linux graphical stack through libglvnd and Glamor." Вычислительные технологии, no. 2 (April 16, 2023): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2023.282.008.

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Описан новый метод взаимодействия общего графического стека на базе Linux c 3D-ускорителем через API OpenGL ES при использовании X Server. В известных решениях взаимодействие общего графического стека через OpenGL ES неработоспособно. Для встраиваемых систем производительность программного обеспечения с применением OpenGL ES зачастую выше, чем с OpenGL. Выполнен анализ производительности графического стека Linux с аппаратным 2D-ускорением ряда операций на основе известного решения через OpenGL и нового метода. Производительность графического стека на встраиваемой системе без применения 2D-уско

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Verkhoturova, E. "THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER GEOMETRIC MODELING FOR TRAINING AND APPLIED ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 23, no. 1 (2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/build230108.

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This work develops an algorithm for solving computational and graphical work from a cycle of constructive problems of engineering and construction design (construction graphics) using CAD, based on the transition from the traditional method of solving this problem (building a 2D drawing manually) to the method of computer geometric modeling. The application of geometric 3D modeling as a useful CAD tool for solving educational and applied problems is considered. The algorithmization of the solution from the cycle of graphic works on the training course “engineering and computer graphics”, which

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Вышнепольский, Vladimir Vyshnyepolskiy, Сальков, and Nikolay Sal'kov. "The aims and methods of teaching drawing." Geometry & Graphics 1, no. 2 (2013): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/777.

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The purposes which must be solved by Geometric and Graphic Disciplines Chair while preparing the working programs of study, and which are the part of learning algorithm are demonstrated. 1. Spatial perception development. 2. To teach the students to work with projection documents: a) teach to read drawing; b) teach to make sketches; c) teach to perform drawing (non-associated) with 2D-graphics. 3. To teach a parameter modeling (3D-graphics). By removing at least one item from this algorithm you can get a faulty graduate.

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You, Jang Shyong, and Chieh Lun Gu. "The Assessment of Communication Problem and Effect for Product Form." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 2856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.2856.

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In dealing with communications problems, this paper found through industry interviews that different form communication tools are used during the form phase in accordance with different product types and that external communication is more difficult than internal communication. In practice, communication tools of sketch and 3D computer graphics are most commonly used. While sketch can be used to quickly make a proposal, client understanding is somewhat inadequate. On the other hand, while 3D computer graphics can be used for clear expression, they require more work time on the part of designer

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Zhang, Si Gai, Dian Hong Wang, and Xing Feng Guo. "Design of Well Diameter Mapping System Based on Underwater Acoustic Transducer." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.1306.

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The well diameter mapping system is based on underwater acoustic ultrasonic transducer, which can draw the 2D and 3D graphics of the well in time. This system includes three parts, the downhole measurement module, receiving module and PC analysis mapping module. Firstly, we use STM32F103 and RS485 to collect and transmit data respectively, then the PC software is used to draw the 2D and 3D graphics of the well diameter. Finally, we complete the evaluation of the downhole conditions based on these graphics and data. The system is mainly used for calculating volume of underground stilts and eval

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Yin, Pengcheng, Jiyi Zhang, Xiying Sun, Di Hu, Zhifeng Shi, and Chengyan Wu. "A Vertex Concavity-Convexity Detection Method for Three-Dimensional Spatial Objects Based on Geometric Algebra." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010025.

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Vertex concavity-convexity detection for spatial objects is a basic algorithm of computer graphics, as well as the foundation for the implementation of other graphics algorithms. In recent years, the importance of the vertex concavity-convexity detection algorithm for three-dimensional (3D) spatial objects has been increasingly highlighted, with the development of 3D modeling, artificial intelligence, and other graphics technologies. Nonetheless, the currently available vertex concavity-convexity detection algorithms mostly use two-dimensional (2D) polygons, with limited research on vertex con

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J. F., Mammadov, Ali̇yeva S. B., Safarova T. A., and Ali̇yeva H. R. "Software for Animation and Graphic Visualization of Mechatronic Elements and Control Process of FMS." DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE 3 (September 19, 2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232022.2023.3.13.

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The issue of graphical visualization of the simulation, animation and design of mechatronic elements and control process in the example of the mechanical assembly shop of the flexible manufacture system (FMS), which is considered a complex technical system, is set. The purpose of the work is the development of graphics-mode software that provides computer experiments of 2D, 3D designer-modeling, animation and graphic visualization of the interface for evaluating the feasibility of the design process of the flexible mechanical assembly cell (FMAC) As the main research issues, the construction o

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Liang, Ming, and Zui Hu. "Reconstruction of 3D Building Models Based on Architectural Construction Drawings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.1349.

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Reconstruction of 3D building objects from 2D drawings is a vital approach for 3D model reconstructing, and the key is symbol recognition of the architectural construction components in 2D graphics. Existing algorithms of graphics symbol recognition are lack of robustness, scalability and with low recognition ability to deal with graphics transformation. This study constructed Attributed Graph to express the geometrical characteristics, topological relationships and semantic characteristics of architectural drawing symbols uniformly. The recognition approach with Attributed Graph can expand ea

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Sieber, René, Remo Eichenberger, and Lorenz Hurni. "3D Carto-Graphics – Principles, Methods and Examples for Interactive Atlases." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-338-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Atlases are designed to visualize, explore and analyze topographic and thematic information in a geographic environment. As 3D data and real-time display techniques are increasingly available, a trend towards 3D atlases can be observed like the newly released Earth 3D Amazing Atlas (2017) and the Atlas of Switzerland &amp;ndash; online (2016). While creating such interactive 3D atlases, editors are often confronted with the question: How realistic should a cartographic 3D representation look like? Can we introduce some visualization guideline

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Zheng, Lin, Wang Chenghao, Li Zichao, Wang Zhuoyue, Liu Xinqi, and Zhu Yue. "Neural Radiance Fields Convert 2D to 3D Texture." Applied Science and Biotechnology Journal for Advanced Research 3, no. 3 (2024): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12200107.

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The objective of our project is to capture pictures or videos by surrounding a circle of objects, such as chairs, tables, cars, and more.[1]Utilizing advanced 3D reconstruction technology, we aim to generate 3D models of these captured objects. Post reconstruction, these 3D models can be edited through an intuitive interface, enabling users to apply different textures and make other modifications. This project has significant applications in various domains such as home decoration, vehicle customization, and beyond. For the 3D reconstruction in this project, we employed Nvidia's latest ngp-ins

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Olimpos, Paul T. "Effect of Computer-Based Training Materials Using Flat Diagrams and Graphics Animations on Students’ Familiarization of Marine Auxiliary Machinery." European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 5, no. 3 (2024): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2024.5.3.821.

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The technological advances that have occurred in recent years have inspired maritime institutions to look for more advanced and efficient teaching strategies. This quasi-experimental study aims to determine the effect of the 2D flat diagrams and 3D graphic animations as instructional materials on Marine Engineering students’ familiarization with auxiliary engine machinery. The participants were second-year students taking up BS Marine Engineering for the second semester of the school year 2021–2022. Two instruments were used. The first was a 30-item multiple-choice questionnaire focusing on Ma

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ASWATHA KUMAR, M., B. N. CHATTERJI, JAYANTA MUKHERJEE, and P. P. DAS. "REPRESENTATION OF 2D AND 3D BINARY IMAGES USING MEDIAL CIRCLES AND SPHERES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 10, no. 04 (1996): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001496000256.

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Representation schemes play an important role in the fields of Computer Vision, Graphics, Image Processing, CAD/CAM etc. Various representation schemes have been discussed in the literature for both 2D and 3D. In this paper, we are presenting a scheme of representation using the concept of octagonal distances. They are called Medial Circle Representation (MCR) and Medial Sphere Representation (MSR) in 2D and 3D, respectively. Storage requirement, computational complexity, merits and demerits of the representation schemes are discussed.

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Upadhye, Gopal D., Anant Kaulage, Ranjeetsingh S. Suryawanshi, et al. "A Survey of Algorithms Involved in the Conversion of 2-D Images to 3-D Model." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 6s (2023): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i6s.6942.

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Since the advent of machine learning, deep neural networks, and computer graphics, the field of 2D image to 3D model conversion has made tremendous strides. As a result, many algorithms and methods for converting 2D to 3D images have been developed, including SFM, SFS, MVS, and PIFu. Several strategies have been compared, and it was found that each has pros and cons that make it appropriate for particular applications. For instance, SFM is useful for creating realistic 3D models from a collection of pictures, whereas SFS is best for doing so from a single image. While PIFu can create extremely

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Mao, Xiaoyang, Tosiyasu Kunii, Issei Fujishiro, and Tsukasa Noma. "Hierarchical Representations of 2D/3D Gray-Scale Images and Their 2D/3D Two-Way Conversion." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 7, no. 12 (1987): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcg.1987.276937.

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Wang, Ming, Zhi Wei Yu, Cheng Man Guo, and Cai Hong Sun. "Study on the Method of Generating Digital Elevation Topographic Map in the MATLAB." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 2902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2902.

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The modern 2d digital topographic map can not meet the people to the 3d information needs.This paper analyzes the AutoCAD graphics file format.Use of MATLAB platform,designed the interface of the program based on the data extracted from DXF file,and extract valid data. Apply this method to extract terrain data of the contour to establish 3d geological model which has obtained a better effect. And solve the AutoCAD system and MATLAB data sharing between effectively.Use of the powerful graphics features of MATLAB, we have put forward a new way for 3d geological modeling and generation DEM.

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Casesnoves, Francisco. "Genetic Algorithms Optimization for High Temperature Superconductors SN Class Molecular Effect Model with Electronics Applications." International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 3 (2022): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijrmee.v9i3.385.

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This contribution deals with the Molecular Effect Model (MEM) Genetic Algorithms polynomial-dual optimization for High Temperature Superconductors (HTSCs) class of [ Sn-Sb-Te-Ba-Mn-Cu-O ] . Results comprise Tikhonov Regularization Functionals development and mathematical methods for this HTSCs group without using logarithmic changes. Findings for this MEM optimization, based on Genetic Algorithms polynomial-dual-method show acceptable theoretical Numerical and 2D/3D Graphical Optimization solutions and low residuals. Solutions comprise two parts, the modelling for TC Molecular Effect predictio

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Sheng, Bin, and Enhua Wu. "Laplacian-based Design: Sketching 3D Shapes." International Journal of Virtual Reality 5, no. 3 (2006): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2006.5.3.2700.

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The sketch-based shape modeling is one of the most challenging and active problems in computer graphics. In this paper, we present an interactive modeling system for generating free-form surfaces using a 2D sketch interface. Since inferring 3D shape from 2D sketches is an one to many function with no unique solution, we propose to interpret the given 2D curve to be the projection of the 3D curve that has minimum curvature among all the candidates in 3D. In this way, firstly, we present an algorithm to efficiently find a close approximation of this minimum curvature 3D space curve. In the secon

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Ebenezer, Akinyemi Ajayi, Ming Lim Kian, Chong Siew-Chin, and Poo Lee Chin. "Three-dimensional shape generation via variational autoencoder generative adversarial network with signed distance function." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 4009–19. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4009-4019.

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Mesh-based 3-dimensional (3D) shape generation from a 2-dimensional (2D) image using a convolution neural network (CNN) framework is an open problem in the computer graphics and vision domains. Most existing CNN-based frameworks lack robust algorithms that can scale well without combining different shape parts. Also, most CNN-based algorithms lack suitable 3D data representations that can fit into CNN without modification(s) to produce high-quality 3D shapes. This paper presents an approach that integrates a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a generative adversarial network (GAN) called 3 dime

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Zhan, Xiang Hui, and Xiao Da Li. "The Method and Technique of 2D Drawing Creation Based on NX7.5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.119.

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The method and technique of the 3D model transformation for 2D engineering drawing using NX7.5 was studied. The key points of GC china toolkits, method of master model and pattern were introduced. The GC china toolkits produced convenient way to custom drawing standard to match China standard through some simple operation. The method of master model realized the relativity between 3D model and 2D drawing. The pattern was an effective method to add drawing frame and title bar to sheets. In the end, the process of 2D engineering graphics creation was expatiated. The practice case proves that the

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Gao, Lin, Feng-Lin Liu, Shu-Yu Chen, et al. "SketchFaceNeRF: Sketch-based Facial Generation and Editing in Neural Radiance Fields." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592100.

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Realistic 3D facial generation based on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) from 2D sketches benefits various applications. Despite the high realism of free-view rendering results of NeRFs, it is tedious and difficult for artists to achieve detailed 3D control and manipulation. Meanwhile, due to its conciseness and expressiveness, sketching has been widely used for 2D facial image generation and editing. Applying sketching to NeRFs is challenging due to the inherent uncertainty for 3D generation with 2D constraints, a significant gap in content richness when generating faces from sparse sketches, a

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Хейфец, Aleksandr Kheyfets, Васильева, and Vera Vasileva. "The Course Computer Graphics for Students Building Specialties." Geometry & Graphics 3, no. 1 (2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/10456.

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The article considers the state and trends in the development of content and methodology of teaching of engineering graphics at universities, in particular at South Ural State University (SUSU). It is noted that the development goes in the direction of computerization of the course and of the expansion of the scope of application of 3D modeling and drawing. The author overviews the content and methodology of teaching construction engineering students of SUSU computer graphics. The course is designed for the AutoCAD package. The article introduces

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Madhu, Aravind P., C. Akhil Balu, Akshay Krishnan, Adithya Aravind, Jibin Noble, and Vishnu Sankar. "Design of 3D volumetric display." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (2021): 012204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012204.

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Abstract Stereoscopic, or multi-view, display systems that can give significant visual clues for the human brain to understand three-dimensional (3D) objects, they are regarded as better alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) displays. A device that can render 3D images for viewers without the use of specific headgear or glasses is known as an auto-stereoscopic display. Manipulation of light rays via Light engines is also used to create 3D images in 3D space. We introduce a new auto-stereoscopic swept-volume display (SVD) system based on light-emitting diode (LED) arrays in this rese

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Penio Lebamovski, Penio Lebamovski, and Mariyana Nikolova Mariyana Nikolova. "A 3D Educational Approach in Stereometry Training." Mathematics and Informatics 67, no. 5 (2024): 508–22. https://doi.org/10.53656/math2024-5-3-a3d.

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This article presents a new educational approach to teaching the discipline of stereometry by creating a 3D application working in virtual reality (VR) with and without immersion. The application is developed using Java3D. A new algorithm that uses elements of Cavalieri’s method of indivisibles and Isaac Newton’s method of limits is applied to generate regular polygon-based geometric figures, such as prisms and pyramids. A traditional method using trigonometry and 2D/3D graphics extrusion generates geometric shapes such as cone, cylinder and torus. The application interface uses 2D techniques,

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Gaia, Bruno Felipe, Andréia Perella, Ana Cláudia Ballet de Cara, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, and Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso Cavalcanti. "CT interpretation of craniofacial anomalies: a comparative analysis by undergraduate dental students." Brazilian Oral Research 19, no. 1 (2005): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000100011.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of computed tomography (CT) image interpretation made in axial slices (2D-CT) and 3D reconstructed images (3D-CT) of patients with craniofacial anomalies. The analyses were made by undergraduate dental students, and compared with the diagnoses considered upon surgical intervention. Computed tomography of 43 patients were analyzed independently by three calibrated examiners (undergraduate students) with, respectively, one, two, and three semesters of experience in craniofacial CT training and interpretation. The analysis of

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Ajayi, Ebenezer Akinyemi, Kian Ming Lim, Siew-Chin Chong, and Chin Poo Lee. "Three-dimensional shape generation via variational autoencoder generative adversarial network with signed distance function." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 4 (2023): 4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4009-4019.

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<span lang="EN-US">Mesh-based 3-dimensional (3D) shape generation from a 2-dimensional (2D) image using a convolution neural network (CNN) framework is an open problem in the computer graphics and vision domains. Most existing CNN-based frameworks lack robust algorithms that can scale well without combining different shape parts. Also, most CNN-based algorithms lack suitable 3D data representations that can fit into CNN without modification(s) to produce high-quality 3D shapes. This paper presents an approach that integrates a variational autoencoder (VAE) and a generative adversarial ne

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Kornél, Klement. "2D and 3D Perspective transformations." Computers & Graphics 14, no. 1 (1990): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0097-8493(90)90015-p.

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Li, Fan, Tian Zhou, Yuping Dong, and Wenting Zhou. "Design of the 3D Digital Reconstruction System of an Urban Landscape Spatial Pattern Based on the Internet of Things." International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach 16, no. 2 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitsa.319318.

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Given the rapid development of modern science and technology, people are no longer satisfied with the planar composition and two-dimensional (2D) composition. Moreover, digitalization has entered the spatial layout of urban landscapes. The three-dimensional (3D) digital reconstruction technology can obtain the 3D effect map of urban garden landscapes, thereby improving the scientificity and timeliness of garden design. It is an important research direction in the field of computer vision. It transforms two or more planar graphics into visible 3D geometric graphics. It also restores their spati

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YANG, RUIGANG, MARC POLLEFEYS, HUA YANG, and GREG WELCH. "A UNIFIED APPROACH TO REAL-TIME, MULTI-RESOLUTION, MULTI-BASELINE 2D VIEW SYNTHESIS AND 3D DEPTH ESTIMATION USING COMMODITY GRAPHICS HARDWARE." International Journal of Image and Graphics 04, no. 04 (2004): 627–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467804001579.

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We present a new method for using commodity graphics hardware to achieve real-time, on-line, 2D view synthesis or 3D depth estimation from two or more calibrated cameras. Our method combines a 3D plane-sweeping approach with 2D multi-resolution color consistency tests. We project camera imagery onto each plane, compute measures of color consistency throughout the plane at multiple resolutions, and then choose the color or depth (corresponding plane) that is most consistent. The key to achieving real-time performance is our use of the advanced features included with recent commodity computer gr

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Huang, Hua Dong, Xiao Yong Fang, Zheng Chen, Jun Hong, and Ying Huang. "OpenGL Based Intuitive Interaction Technology for 3D Graphical System by 2D Devices." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.447.

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We address the problem of how to intuitive interacts with 3D graphic system by 2D devices, and present a general interactive framework for developing human computer interaction interface for graphical system. We consider the subclass of interaction situations in which 2D devices such as mouse and windows intuitively control scene observation, select and manipulate 3D object. Based above, an object-oriented software architecture is presented to construct the virtual world, OpenGL is used to render and control 3D graphic scene and Visual C++ 6.0 platform and Windows system are combined to build

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Muhammad, Hanif. "APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS." International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research 12, no. 06 (2024): 4298–310. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12819266.

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In this paper, the usage of matrix in computer graphics is shown.  A brief overview of geometric transformations in computer graphics is given.  The "Matrix - Computer Graphics" application software is created for the representation and easier understanding of relations between geometric transformations and matrix calculus.  We introduce and explore the basic matrix operation such as translation, rotation, scaling, reflection, shearing in 2D and 3D and at end we explain about the parallel and perspective view. These concepts commonly appear in video game graphics. The work has a

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Rahmat, Rahmat. "Augmented Reality untuk Materi Bangun Ruang Menggunakan Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK dan Aplikasi Blender." JURNAL TIKA 5, no. 3 (2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51179/tika.v5i3.59.

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The development of information and communication technology has an impact on globalization which will affect all aspects of human life, especially in the world of education. This requires educators to make innovation in learning. One of the innovations that following technological developments, namely Augmented Reality (AR). Augmented Reality is a technique of combining real and virtual worlds and is based on 3-Dimensions (3D). The objects used can be 2D or 3D. This research is entitled Augmented Reality for Building Materials using Unity 3D, Vuforia SDK, and Blender Applications. In this rese

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Konkov, V. V., and A. B. Zamchalov. "Application of PyTorch3D and NERF Computer Vision Tools for Building a Point Cloud of a Three-Dimensional Model and Determining the Camera Position of Still Images in Space." Scientific Visualization 17, no. 1 (2025): 65–85. https://doi.org/10.26583/sv.17.1.06.

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Recently, computer graphics plays a key role in solving computer vision problems. The problem of converting 2D images into 3D models continues to be urgent, as it requires precise determination of camera position and construction of accurate 3D models of objects. Traditional methods are often limited in application and do not offer a comprehensive solution. This study examines the use of PyTorch3D and NERF libraries to determine the camera position in 3D space and create a 3D model of an object from a single 2D image. As a method of data preparation, a hardware and software system was used, in

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Markelov, G. M. "On components of application programming interface for rendering 2D- and 3D-graphics." Geodesy and Aerophotosurveying 62, no. 2 (2018): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30533/0536-101x-2018-62-2-233-236.

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Eisemann, Elmar, Sylvain Paris, and Frédo Durand. "A visibility algorithm for converting 3D meshes into editable 2D vector graphics." ACM Transactions on Graphics 28, no. 3 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1531326.1531389.

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Liu, Xiaoyang. "Research on 3D Object Reconstruction Method based on Deep Learning." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 39 (April 1, 2023): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v39i.6732.

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3D reconstruction is a classic task in the field of computer graphics. More and more researchers try to replicate the success of deep learning in 2D image processing tasks to 3D reconstruction tasks, so 3D reconstruction related research based on deep learning has gradually become a research hotspot. Compared with the traditional 3D reconstruction methods that require precision acquisition equipment and strict calibration of image information, the 3D reconstruction method based on deep learning completes the matching of 2D images to 3D models through deep neural networks, and can reconstruct 3

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Nabi, Yskak, and Umirbai Ibishev. "Methodology for Determining the Laboriousness of Assignments by Graphic Disciplines." International Journal of Educational Studies 1, no. 2 (2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53935/2641-533x.v1i2.82.

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The objective of this study is to develop the methodology for determining the laboriousness of assignments by graphic disciplines. The results determined the volume of students’ independent work performed on discipline "Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics"; 2) determined the time expenses on 1 format A4 and indicated usage of this index to design the volume of students’ independent work; 3) determined how much time reduced for expenditures to show the drawings using a computer; 4) show a comparison of 2D and 3D systems by the index of time expenses. Conclusion: The obtained data give

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Hirano, Daisuke, Yusuke Funayama, and Takashi Maekawa. "3D Shape Reconstruction from 2D Images." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 6, no. 5 (2009): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2009.701-710.

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Guan, Shanyan, Shuo Wen, Dexin Yang, et al. "Human Action Transfer Based on 3D Model Reconstruction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018352.

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We present a practical and effective method for human action transfer. Given a sequence of source action and limited target information, we aim to transfer motion from source to target. Although recent works based on GAN or VAE achieved impressive results for action transfer in 2D, there still exists a lot of problems which cannot be avoided, such as distorted and discontinuous human body shape, blurry cloth texture and so on. In this paper, we try to solve these problems in a novel 3D viewpoint. On the one hand, we design a skeleton-to-3D-mesh generator to generate the 3D model, which achieve

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