Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2D and 3D stress intensity factor

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic '2D and 3D stress intensity factor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2D and 3D stress intensity factor"

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Sun, Yu Ping, and Zun Li Teng. "The Variation of the Stress Intensity Factor of Welded Flange-Bloted Wed Connection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 3250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.3250.

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In this paper ABAQUS is used to establish three dimensional finite element(3D) model of WFBW, fracture behavior of “artificial crack” of the weld root is analyzed, the stress intensity factor(KⅠ) as a fracture mechanics parameters to calculate fracture behavior in the beam flange weld root. Results show that stress intensity factor varies cross the beam flange width. When selecting the same initial flaw length, the stress intensity factors of bottom flange weld root was significantly higher than in the top flange weld root. The K1 increases nearly linear with the increase of the initial flaw length. Comparison of 2D and 3D models, when the same initial flaw length, calculation of KⅠ by the three-dimensional model approximately as 1.5 times as that by two-dimensional model.
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Hu, Jong Wan. "J-Integral Evaluation for Calculating Structural Intensity and Stress Intensity Factor Using Commercial Finite Element (FE) Solutions." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.379.

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This report is mainly performed to investigate finite element (FE) modeling and post-processing capacities for fracture mechanics analyses characterized by the stress intensity factor (SIF) at successively stationary crack tip positions. As part of a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis, the determination of stress intensity factor distribution can also be adopted by J-integral approach. The aim of this report is to review three papers related to estimate J-integrals through FE study and represent the theoretical backgrounds. Furthermore, the technical details for both FE modeling and SIF evaluation will be described in this report based on complete understanding of three reference papers. These numerical approaches to deal with SIF evaluation of general cracks can be applied in 2D and 3D FE models.
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Schätzer, Markus, and Thomas-Peter Fries. "Fitting stress intensity factors from crack opening displacements in 2D and 3D XFEM." PAMM 15, no. 1 (October 2015): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201510065.

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Campagnolo, Alberto, Paolo Ferro, Luca Romanin, and Giovanni Meneghetti. "Residual Notch Stress Intensity Factors in Welded Joints Evaluated by 3D Numerical Simulations of Arc Welding Processes." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040812.

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Approaches based on calculating Residual Notch Stress Intensity Factors (R-NSIFs) assume the weld toe to be a sharp V-notch that gives rise to a residual singular stress distribution close to the weld toe. Once R-NSIFs are determined, they might be included in local fatigue criteria for the structural strength assessment of welded joints based on NSIFs due to external cyclic loading. However, the numerical calculation of R-NSIFs through finite element (FE) simulations of the welding process requires extremely refined meshes to properly capture the residual stress singularity. In this context, the Peak Stress Method (PSM) has recently been adopted to estimate R-NSIFs due to residual stresses by means of coarse meshes of 2D 4-node plane or 3D 8-node brick elements. The aim of this work is to investigate the applicability of the PSM to estimate R-NSIFs in a butt-welded joint using coarse meshes of 3D 10-node tetra elements. The R-NSIF distribution at the weld toe line is estimated by applying the PSM to coarse meshes of 3D 10-node tetra elements, and the results are in agreement with those obtained using 3D 8-node brick elements. Accordingly, the PSM based on tetra elements further enhances the rapid estimation of R-NSIFs using coarse meshes and could be effective in analyzing complex 3D joint geometries.
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Seitl, Stanislav, Petr Miarka, Jakub Sobek, and Jan Klusák. "A numerical investigation of the stress intensity factor for a bent chevron notched specimen: Comparison of 2D and 3D solutions." Procedia Structural Integrity 5 (2017): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2017.07.164.

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Wang, Jian D., and Ian M. Howard. "Error Analysis on Finite Element Modeling of Involute Spur Gears." Journal of Mechanical Design 128, no. 1 (May 2, 2005): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2114891.

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Finite element analysis can incorporate two-dimensional (2D) modeling if the geometry, load, and boundary conditions meet the requirements. For many applications, a wide range of problems are solved in 2D, due to the efficiency and costs of computation. However, care has to be taken to avoid modeling errors from significantly influencing the result. When the application area is nonlinear, such as when modeling contact problems or fracture analysis, etc, the 2D assumption must be used cautiously. In this paper, a large number of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) gear models were investigated using finite element analysis. The models included contact analysis between teeth in mesh, a gear body (disk), and teeth with and without a crack at the tooth root. The model results were compared using parameters such as the torsional (mesh) stiffness, tooth stresses and the stress intensity factors that are obtained under assumptions of plane stress, plane strain, and 3D analysis. The models considered variations of face width of the gear from 5 mm to 300 mm. This research shows that caution must be used especially where 2D assumptions are used in the modeling of solid gears.
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Roux, S., J. Réthoré, and F. Hild. "Digital image correlation and fracture: an advanced technique for estimating stress intensity factors of 2D and 3D cracks." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 42, no. 21 (October 21, 2009): 214004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/21/214004.

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Nourbakshnia, N., Saeed Ziaei-Rad, Ahmad Kermanpur, and H. Sepehri Amin. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Failure of a Gas Turbine Compressor Blade." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.401.

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This paper is concerned with the premature failures occurred in the high pressure compressor section of the gas turbine of HESA power plant in Iran. Metallurgical and mechanical properties of the blade alloy were evaluated. Fractography investigations were carried out on the fracture surface of the blade roots using scanning electron microscopy. Stress and fracture simulations were conducted using ANSYS software in both 2D and 3D dimensions under centrifugal, aerodynamic and contact forces. The aerodynamic forces were evaluated using FLUENT software. The results showed no metallurgical and mechanical deviations for the blade material from standards. SEM fractography showed different aspects of fretting fatigue including multiple crack initiation sites, fatigue beach marks, debris particles, and a high surface roughness on the edge of contact (EOC). The simulation results showed that there was a high stress gradient at the EOC of the blade which is one of the most significant characteristics of the fretting fatigue. Another analysis was performed to simulate the fracture by creating an initial crack on the EOC. The stress fields and stress intensity factors for modes I, II and III were evaluated along the crack front. The results indicated a strong stress intensity factor for mode I at the EOC.
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Kawabata, Tomoya, Hiroaki Kosuge, Takumi Ozawa, and Yoshiki Mikami. "Simplified Prediction Method of Stress Intensity Factor in Mid-thick Plane in 3D Cracked Body and Its Difference from 2D Handbook Formula." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 50, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 20210006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20210006.

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Andrews, D. J. "Dynamic growth of mixed-mode shear cracks." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 84, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 1184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0840041184.

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Abstract A pure mode II (in-plane) shear crack cannot propagate spontaneously at a speed between the Rayleigh and S-wave speeds, but a three-dimensional (3D) or two-dimensional (2D) mixed-mode shear crack can propagate in this range, being driven by the mode III (antiplane) component. Two different analytic solutions have been proposed for the mode II component in this case. The first is the solution valid for crack speed less than the Rayleigh speed. When applied above the Rayleigh speed, it predicts a negative stress intensity factor, which implies that energy is generated at the crack tip. Burridge proposed a second solution, which is continuous at the crack tip, but has a singularity in slip velocity at the Rayleigh wave. Spontaneous propagation of a mixed-mode rupture has been calculated with a slip-weakening friction law, in which the slip velocity vector is colinear with the total traction vector. Spontaneous trans-Rayleigh rupture speed has been found. The solution depends on the absolute stress level. The solution for the in-plane component appears to be a superposition of smeared-out versions of the two analytic solutions. The proportion of the first solution increases with increasing absolute stress. The amplitude of the negative in-plane traction pulse is less than the absolute final sliding traction, so that total in-plane traction does not reverse. The azimuth of the slip velocity vector varies rapidly between the onset of slip and the arrival of the Rayleigh wave. The variation is larger at smaller absolute stress.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2D and 3D stress intensity factor"

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Shohel, Muhammad Shah Newaz. "Panting Fatigue of Welded Steel Tee Details." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428328220.

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Jagtap, Nimish V. "Application of the Hypersingular Boundary Integral Equation in Evaluating Stress Intensity Factors for 2D Elastostatic Fracture Mechanics Problems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163788461.

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(unal), Kutlu Ozge. "Computational 3d Fracture Analysis In Axisymmetric Media." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609872/index.pdf.

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In this study finite element modeling of three dimensional elliptic and semielliptic cracks in a hollow cylinder is considered. Three dimensional crack and cylinder are modeled by using finite element analysis program ANSYS. The main objectives of this study are as follows. First, Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) codes are developed to facilitate modeling of different types of cracks in cylinders. Second, by using these codes the effect of some parameters of the problem like crack location, cylinder&rsquo
s radius to thickness ratio (R/t), the crack geometry ratio (a/c) and crack minor axis to cylinder thickness ratio (a/t) on stress intensity factors for surface and internal cracks are examined. Mechanical and thermal loading cases are considered. Displacement Correlation Technique (DCT) is used to obtain Stress Intensity Factors.
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Lachambre, Joël. "Développement d'une méthode de caractérisation 3D des fissures de fatigue à l'aide de la corrélation d'images numériques obtenues par tomographie X." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0050/document.

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Ce mémoire présente une méthode mise au point pour caractériser et analyser des fissures de fatigue présentant un fort caractère tridimensionnel dans des matériaux métalliques opaques. L'analyse consiste à déterminer avec précision la position du front de la fissure étudiée et à mesurer des valeurs de facteurs d'intensité des contraintes le long du front par projection sur les séries de Williams du champ de déplacement issu de la corrélation numérique d'images 3D obtenues par tomographie aux rayons X. La corrélation d'images 3D numériques est utilisée afin de mesurer le champ de déplacement en volume lors de la mise sous chargement d'une éprouvette fissurée fatiguée. La corrélation d'images nécessitant un mouchetis, le matériau retenu pour les expériences est la fonte à graphite sphéroïdal car il présente un mouchetis 3D naturel (les nodules de graphites) parfaitement imagé par tomographie aux rayons X. Le cyclage est appliqué à l'aide d'une machine de fatigue in situ permettant d'alterner des phases de propagation de la fissure avec des acquisitions tomographiques sous différentes charges. L'introduction d'un défaut artificiel (une entaille obtenue par usinage laser) permet de maîtriser l'amorçage et la propagation de la fissure in situ. La méthode de corrélation d'images 3D numériques employée dans ces travaux étant basée sur des éléments finis, nous avons cherché à tirer profit de différents outils développés dans le cadre de cette méthode. Les surfaces libres sont spécifiées afin de bien conditionner le maillage et un enrichissement dans l'esprit des X-FEM permet de renseigner la fissure dont la position est repérée grâce à la trace laissée dans le résidu de corrélation entre l'image avant cyclage et la dernière image acquise. Une régularisation mécanique est également introduite dans le calcul sous forme d'un filtre de longueur d'onde choisie. Le champ de déplacement mesuré avec précision est ensuite projeté sur les séries de Williams augmentées des termes correctifs de Leblond et Torlai qui prennent en compte la courbure du front de la fissure. L'annulation du terme super-singulier d'ordre -1 des séries de Williams est utilisée pour détecter la position du front de la fissure. Une procédure itérative a été mise en place afin de concilier l'enrichissement et la courbure du front avec la projection sur les séries de Williams. Une fois la position du front 3D de la fissure déterminée et les valeurs des facteurs d'intensité des contraintes associées calculées, les résultats obtenus sont confrontés à la littérature
This manuscript describes a methodology used to compute Stress Intensity Factor values along the curved front of a fatigue crack inside a nodular cast iron. An artificial defect is introduced at the surface of a small sample. The initiation and growth of a fatigue crack from this defect during constant amplitude cycling is monitored in situ by laboratory x-ray tomography. The method for processing the 3D images in order to compute SIF values is described in detail. The results obtained show variations of the stress intensity factor values along the crack front
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Wu, Deh-Juan, and 鄔德傳. "Finite element calculation of Jk integrals and mixed-mode stress intensity factors for arbitrary 2D and 3D crack under quasi-static and dynamic loading." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60361639055546165973.

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博士
國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
93
ABSTRACT A method based on the Jk integrals for arbitrary 2-D curve and 3-D surface crack problems is presented in this research. Due to stress singularity around the crack tip, the finite element meshes near crack tip will affect the J2 numerical value and it is difficult to accurately calculate this value. A simple and convenient approach is developed to obtain the accurate J2 value without using singular elements or complicated meshes. Both isotropic and anisotropic linear elastic materials are considered in this thesis. For isotropic materials, there exists a relationship between the stress intensity factors and Jk integrals. Accordingly, the stress intensity factors can be calculated by using the equations and the Jk values obtained from numerical analysis. For anisotropic materials, specific J1 integral has a relationship with the stress intensity factors. Nevertheless, there were no studies on J2 integral. In this research, an equation which describes the relation between J2 integral and the stress intensity factors is derived. Accordingly, the stress intensity factors can be obtained by the equations and the Jk values obtained from numerical analysis. Moreover, for the cases of a stationary crack under dynamic loading, one can get the elastodynamic stress intensity factors varying with time by the Jk values obtained from numerical analysis. Accordingly, the amplification factor which is a ratio of the elastodynamic stress intensity factors and the quasi-static stress intensity factors can be obtained.
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林左田. "Comparison of 2D and 3D Stress Concentration Factor in Edge Notched Laminates." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06183620355269533749.

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Book chapters on the topic "2D and 3D stress intensity factor"

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Pasca, Niculai, Liviu Marsavita, Radu Negru, and Sebastian Muntean. "Estimation of the Stress Intensity Factor for 3D Cracked T – Joint." In Design, Fabrication and Economy of Metal Structures, 273–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36691-8_41.

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Horníková, Jana, Pavel Šandera, and Jaroslav Pokluda. "Effective Stress Intensity Factor for the Straight Crack Front with 3D-Ledges." In Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Processes - Computer Simulation and Modelling, 232–35. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606157.ch37.

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Sharanaprabhu, C. M., Shashidhar K. Kudari, and Mujebur Rehaman. "Effect of Loading Angle on 3D Stress Intensity Factor and T-stress in a Compact Tension Shear (CTS) Fracture Specimen." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 525–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4779-9_35.

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Wrzesinski, Krzysztof, Søren Alnøe, Hans H. Jochumsen, Karoline Mikkelsen, Torsten D. Bryld, Julie S. Vistisen, Peter Willems Alnøe, and Stephen J. Fey. "A Purpose-Built System for Culturing Cells as In Vivo Mimetic 3D Structures." In BioMechanics and Functional Tissue Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96091.

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Culturing cells in 3D is often considered to be significantly more difficult than culturing them in 2D. In practice, this is not the case: the situation is that equipment needed for 3D cell culture has not been optimised as much as equipment for 2D. Here we present a few key features which must be considered when designing 3D cell culture equipment. These include diffusion gradients, shear stress and time. Diffusion gradients are unavoidably introduced when cells are cultured as clusters. Perhaps the most important consequence of this is that the resulting hypoxia is a major driving force in the metabolic reprogramming. Most cells in tissues do not experience liquid shear stress and it should therefore be minimised. Time is the factor that is most often overlooked. Cells, irrespective of their origin, are damaged when cultures are initiated: they need time to recover. All of these features can be readily combined into a clinostat incubator and bioreactor. Surprisingly, growing cells in a clinostat system do not require specialised media, scaffolds, ECM substitutes or growth factors. This considerably facilitates the transition to 3D. Most importantly, cells growing this way mirror cells growing in vivo and are thus valuable for biomedical research.
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Conference papers on the topic "2D and 3D stress intensity factor"

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Zhu, Xian-Kui. "Numerical Determination of Stress Intensity Factors Using ABAQUS." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28981.

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Crack assessments for pressure vessels often need to quantify the crack driving force — stress intensity factor K with the linear-elastic fracture mechanics methods. Different numerical methods have been developed to calculate the stress intensity factors for complex cracks. Of which, four typical methods, i.e., the displacement extrapolation method, the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT), the J-integral conversion method, and the direct K output method are selected and evaluated in this paper using the finite element analysis (FEA) and ABAQUS software. The evaluations are performed based on the benchmark FEA calculations in the linear-elastic conditions for the central-cracked panel (CCP) specimen in the two-dimensional (2D) plane strain conditions. The “best method” is then determined and used to calculate the stress intensity factor for the CCP specimen with a through-thickness crack in the three-dimensional (3D) conditions. The results show that ABAQUS can simply determine very accurate K values for both 2D and 3D cracks.
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Zhu, Xian-Kui, and Brian N. Leis. "Effective Methods to Determine Stress Intensity Factors for 2D and 3D Cracks." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33120.

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Increasing concern for crack assessment in the pipeline industry motivates analysis to quantify the crack driving force, with the linear-elastic fracture mechanics stress intensity factor, denoted K, viable for many vintage pipeline applications. This paper presents a brief review of numerical methods developed for calculating K via the finite element analysis (FEA) as a background to identify the “best” approaches for such purposes. The existing methods can be categorized into three groups: the displacement-based methods, the stress-based methods, and the energy-based methods. The first group involves the displacement extrapolation method, the quarter-point displacement method, and the displacement correction method. The second group involves the stress extrapolation method and the force method. The third group includes the J-integral method, the stiffness derivative method, the virtual crack extension method, the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) and ABAQUS direct K output method. Based on the review, four methods were selected and evaluated for a central-cracked plate (CCP) specimen based on the FEA calculations via ABAQUS. The “best” methods are then applied in an analysis of K for through-wall cracks in a line pipe — important reference geometry for leak-versus-rupture analysis.
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Bhachu, Kanwardeep S., Santosh B. Narasimhachary, Sachin R. Shinde, and Phillip W. Gravett. "Application of 3D Fracture Mechanics for Improved Crack Growth Predictions of Gas Turbine Components." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64890.

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Fracture mechanics analysis is essential for demonstrating structural integrity of gas turbine components. Usually, analyses based on simpler 2D stress intensity solutions provide reasonable approximations of crack growth. However, in some cases, simpler 2D solutions are too-conservative and does not provide realistic crack growth predictions; often due to its inability to account for actual 3D geometry, and complex thermal-mechanical stress fields. In such cases, 3D fracture mechanics analysis provides extra fidelity to crack growth predictions due to increased accuracy of the stress intensity factor calculations. Improved fidelity often leads to benefits for gas turbine components by reducing design margins, improving engine efficiency, and decreasing life cycle costs. In this paper, the application of 3D fracture mechanics analysis on a gas turbine blade for predicting crack arrest is presented. A comparison of stress intensity factor values from 3D and 2D analysis is also shown. The 3D crack growth analysis was performed by using FRANC3D in conjunction with ANSYS.
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Gu, Pei, and R. J. Asaro. "Three-Dimensional Mode Separation to Obtain Stress Intensity Factors." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93249.

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For mixed-mode loading at a crack tip under small-scale yielding condition, mode I, mode II and mode III stress intensity factors control the crack propagation. This paper discusses three-dimensional mode separation to obtain the three stress intensity factors using the interaction integral approach. The 2D interaction integral approach to obtain mode I and mode II stress intensity factors is derived to 3D arbitrary crack configuration for mode I, mode II and mode III stress intensity factors. The method is implemented in a finite element code using domain integral method and numerical examples show good convergence for the domains around the crack tip. A complete solution for the three stress intensity factors is obtained for a bar with inclined crack face to the cross-section from numerical calculations. The solution for the bar is plotted into curves in terms of a set of non-dimensional parameters for practical engineering purpose. From the solution, mode mixity along the crack front and its implication to the direction of crack propagation is discussed.
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McClung, R. Craig, Michael P. Enright, Yi-Der Lee, Luc J. Huyse, and Simeon H. K. Fitch. "Efficient Fracture Design for Complex Turbine Engine Components." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53323.

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Many high-energy turbine engine components are fracture critical. However, the complex three-dimensional (3d) geometries and stress fields associated with these components can make accurate fracture analysis impractical. This paper describes a new computational approach to efficient fracture design for complex turbine engine components. The approach employs a powerful 3D graphical user interface (GUI) for manipulation of geometry models and calculated component stresses to formulate simpler 2D fracture models. New weight function stress intensity factor solutions are derived to address stress gradients that vary in all directions on the fracture plane.
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Zhang, Yan H., Stephen J. Maddox, and G. Reza Razmjoo. "Experimental Study and Prediction of Fatigue Crack Growth in Girth Welded Pipes." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28595.

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Fracture mechanics fatigue crack growth analysis is widely used in the Engineering Critical Assessment of welded structures. An important requirement is an accurate solution for the stress intensity factor, K, for the particular type and geometry of crack under consideration. A case commonly encountered is the weld toe crack. A solution incorporating the stress intensity magnification factor, MK, to allow for the stress concentration effect of the welded joint, based on 2D FEA has been in use for many years. A new solution from 3D FEA has recently become available. However, in both cases, little has been done to validate the solutions against actual fatigue crack growth data. The results from a recent investigation of fatigue in large diameter (609mm OD × 20mm WT) girth-welded pipes provided an opportunity to do this. This paper presents a comparison of these crack growth data based on beachmarking information with predictions based on the 2D and 3D MK solutions. It was found that the 2D MK solution tended to over-estimate the crack growth rate, while the 3D solution provided better correlation between predicted and actual crack propagation behaviour. It is therefore recommended that the 3D MK solution should be used in the calculation of K for weld toe cracks.
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Delliou, Patrick Le, and Bruno Barthelet. "Influence Coefficients to Calculate Stress Intensity Factors for an Elliptical Crack in a Plate." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1335.

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Crack assessment in engineering structures relies first on accurate evaluation of the stress intensity factors. In recent years, a large work has been conducted in France by the Atomic Energy Commission to develop influence coefficients for surface cracks in pipes. However, the problem of embedded cracks in plates (and pipes) which is also of practical importance has not received so much attention. Presently, solutions for elliptical cracks are available either in infinite solid with a polynomial distribution of normal loading or in plate, but restricted to constant or linearly varying tension. This paper presents the work conducted at EDF R&D to obtain influence coefficients for plates containing an elliptical crack with a wide range of the parameters: relative size (2a/t ratio), shape (a/c ratio) and crack eccentricity (2e/t ratio where e is the distance from the center of the ellipse to the plate mid plane). These coefficients were developed through extensive 3D finite element calculations: 200 geometrical configurations were modeled, each containing from 18000 to 26000 nodes. The limiting case of the tunnel crack (a/c = 0) was also analyzed with 2D finite element calculation (50 geometrical configurations). The accuracy of the results was checked by comparison with analytical solutions for infinite solids and, when possible, with solutions for finite-thickness plates (generally loaded in constant tension). These solutions will be introduced in the RSE-M Code that provides rules and requirements for in-service inspection of French PWR components.
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McClung, R. Craig, Yi-Der Lee, James C. Sobotka, Jonathan P. Moody, Vikram Bhamidipati, Michael P. Enright, D. Benjamin Guseman, and Colin B. Thomas. "Some Recent Advances in Engineering Fracture Modeling for Turbomachinery." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75400.

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Recent advances in practical engineering methods for fracture analysis of turbomachinery components are described. A comprehensive set of weight function stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions for elliptical and straight cracks under univariant and bivariant stress gradients has been developed and verified. Specialized SIF solutions have been derived for curved through cracks, cracks at chamfered and angled corners, and cracks under displacement control. Automated fracture models are available to construct fatigue crack growth life contours and critical initial crack size contours for all nodal locations in 2D or 3D finite element models.
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Hong, Jeong K. "Crack Extension Effects on Welding Residual Stress in Fitness for Service Assessment of Crack-Like Defect in Weld." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55023.

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Abstract:
The current industry code and standard fitness-for-service assessment (ICS FFSA) procedures ignore the release of the welding residual stress (WRS) in defect assessment of a crack growing in a WRS field. Doing so can result in overly restrictive results in the ICS FFSA of an engineering component. The current ICS FFSA procedures have produced compendiums of WRS distributions and stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions that are characterized by the joint geometry and welding parameters. It is also known that these distributions are based on extensive numerical analyses and provide upper bound estimates; therefore, these types of solutions do not necessarily satisfy the self-equilibrating state. In this investigation, through-wall WRS distributions from the literature data, including measurements and finite element analysis (FEA) results for girth welded pipes, are compared to the representative ICS FFSA WRS procedures. Also, the WRS and SIF solutions using the proposed procedure are compared to those using the ICS FFSA procedures employing 2D and 3D models. From the investigation, it is observed that the ICS FFSA procedures show discrepancies for certain conditions and the levels of conservatism are dependent on the model geometry, boundary constraint condition, crack size, and crack shape. For some cases, the estimations provided from the ICS FFSA procedures are not conservative compared to the reference solutions from literatures and FEA simulations. As a continuous study of the previous investigation [OMAE 2015-41319], the objective of the present paper is to motivate the industry to improve ICS FFSA procedures by clarifying the ambiguous technical issues of crack-like defect assessment in weld regions.
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10

Rudd, Jonathan, and Oliver Myers. "Numerical Analysis of Composites Embedded With Magnetostrictive Material for Sensing Capability." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5067.

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Abstract:
In this paper, numerical models are constructed to analyze the magneto-mechanical interaction in a laminate embedded with terfenol-D (TD) for sensing purposes. The first model is a linear 3D model constructed in multi-physics finite element software and examines mechanical and magnetic sensing parameters of a sensing layer embedded in a composite laminate with a delamination along the sensing layer. The structural plies in the model are defined with the anisotropic properties of T300/ carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plies. The results of the first model show that there is a local change in stress and strain in the region of the delamination. However, by assuming the magnetic permeability is constant in the constitutive sensing equation, the sensing parameter (magnetic flux density) does not change as a function of stress but only magnetic field intensity. The second model is a 2D boundary element model constructed in FADD2D that analyzes the stress intensity factors generated by a crack in a beam of similar geometry and loading configuration. It is loaded mechanically through two endpoints on a beam and the crack is offset from the center of the beam. The results of the second model show no significant stress increase in the crack region due to the Poisson’s effect creating crack closure on the crack. These models are used to analyze the mechanical and magnetic mechanisms that allow Terfenol-D to be used as an embedded sensor in composites.
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