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Zhan, Xianquan, Biao Li, Xiaohan Zhan, Hartmut Schlüter, Peter R. Jungblut, and Jens R. Coorssen. "Innovating the Concept and Practice of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis in the Analysis of Proteomes at the Proteoform Level." Proteomes 7, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7040036.
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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) is an important and well-established technical platform enabling extensive top-down proteomic analysis. However, the long-held but now largely outdated conventional concepts of 2DE have clearly impacted its application to in-depth investigations of proteomes at the level of protein species/proteoforms. It is time to popularize a new concept of 2DE for proteomics. With the development and enrichment of the proteome concept, any given “protein” is now recognized to consist of a series of proteoforms. Thus, it is the proteoform, rather than the canonical protein, that is the basic unit of a proteome, and each proteoform has a specific isoelectric point (pI) and relative mass (Mr). Accordingly, using 2DE, each proteoform can routinely be resolved and arrayed according to its different pI and Mr. Each detectable spot contains multiple proteoforms derived from the same gene, as well as from different genes. Proteoforms derived from the same gene are distributed into different spots in a 2DE pattern. High-resolution 2DE is thus actually an initial level of separation to address proteome complexity and is effectively a pre-fractionation method prior to analysis using mass spectrometry (MS). Furthermore, stable isotope-labeled 2DE coupled with high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) has tremendous potential for the large-scale detection, identification, and quantification of the proteoforms that constitute proteomes.
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La Canna, Giovanni, Iside Scarfò, Irina Arendar, Antonio Colombo, Lucia Torracca, Davide Margonato, Matteo Montorfano, and Ottavio Alfieri. "Targeting Alcohol Septal Ablation in Patients with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Candidates for Surgical Myectomy: Added Value of Three-Dimensional Intracoronary Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 2166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102166.
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Background: Myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography (MC-2DE) is widely used to address alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Owing to its limited cut-planes, MC-2DE may inaccurately identify the contrast misplacement associated with an unsuccessful or complicated ASA outcome. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the added value of myocardial contrast three-dimensional echocardiography (MC-3DE) compared with MC-2DE to identify the appropriate matching between the target septal zone (TSZ) and coronary artery branch for safe and long-term effective ASA in HCM patients. Methods: A consecutive series of 52 symptomatic obstructive HCM patients referred for isolated surgical myectomy (SM) was analyzed with MC-2DE and MC-3DE following injection of echocontrast into one or more septal branches. MC-2DE and MC-3DE patterns were categorized according to complete (Type 1) or incomplete (Type 2) TSZ covering, high-risk (Type 3) exceeding TSZ, or life-threatening outside TSZ distribution (Type 4). Results: MC-2DE per patient analysis showed a Type 1 pattern in 32 patients and Types 2–4 in the remaining 20 patients; subsequent MC-3DE analysis provided a re-phenotyping of MC-2DE findings in 22 of the 52 patients (42%), showing a high-risk Type 2 pattern in 17 of the 32 patients with Type 1, and a new life-threatening Type 4 in three patients with Type 2, respectively. All patients with MC-3DE Type 1 pattern underwent safe and effective ASA with a long-term uneventful follow-up, while the remaining patients underwent SM. Conclusions: Refining high risk or life-threatening contrast misplacement, MC-3DE is more accurate than conventional MC-2DE to target safe and long-term effective septal reduction with ASA in obstructive HCM patients referred for isolated SM.
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Buccheri, Sergio, Ines Monte, Sarah Mangiafico, Vera Bottari, Stefano Leggio, and Corrado Tamburino. "Feasibility, Reproducibility, and Agreement between Different Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Techniques for the Assessment of Longitudinal Deformation." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/297895.
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Background.Left ventricular (LV) longitudinal deformation can be assessed with new echocardiographic techniques like triplane echocardiography (3PE) and four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE). We aimed to assess the feasibility, reproducibility, and agreement between these different speckle-tracking techniques for the assessment of longitudinal deformation.Methods. 101 consecutive subjects underwent echocardiographic examination. 2D cine loops from the apical views, a triplane view, and an LV 4D full volume were acquired in all subjects. LV longitudinal strain was obtained for each imaging modality.Results. 2DE analysis of LV strain was feasible in 90/101 subjects, 3PE strain in 89/101, and 4DE strain in 90/101. The mean value of 2DE and 3PE longitudinal strains was significantly higher with respect to 4DE. The relationship between 2DE and 3PE derived strains (r=0.782) was significantly higher (z=3.72,P<0.001) than that between 2DE and 4DE (r=0.429) and that between 3PE and 4DE (r=0.510;z=3.09,P=0.001). The mean bias between 2DE and 4DE strains was-6.61±7.31%while-6.42±6.81%between 3PE and 4DE strains; the bias between 2DE and 3PE strain was of0.21±4.16%. Intraobserver and interobserver variabilities were acceptable among the techniques.Conclusions. Echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of longitudinal deformation are not interchangeable, and further studies are needed to assess specific reference values.
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Nabeshima, Yosuke, Tetsuji Kitano, and Masaaki Takeuchi. "Reliability of left atrial strain reference values: A 3D echocardiographic study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): e0250089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250089.
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Background Standard apical four-chamber and two-chamber views often maximize the long-axis of the left ventricle, resulting in artifactitious foreshortening of the left atrium (LA), which may overestimate LA longitudinal reservoir strain (LALS). We compared LALS values between 2D echocardiography (2DE) and 3D echocardiography (3DE) in healthy subjects to determine whether 2DE speckle tracking analysis overestimates the reference value of LALS. Methods and results In this study, 4 types of cohorts were included: 1. 105 normal subjects (retrospectively), 2. 53 patients with cardiovascular diseases (retrospectively), 3. 15 patients who received cardiac magnetic resonance (prospectively), and 4. 20 normal subjects (prospectively). LALS and LA length were measured using both 2DE and 3DE in 105 healthy subjects (median age: 42 years). Biplane LALS was measured in apical four- and two-chamber views using 2DE speckle tracking software, and 3DE LALS was measured using new 3DE LA strain software. To determine sensitivity, we also performed the same analysis in 53 patients with cardiovascular disease. The mean value of biplane LALS was 39.6%. LA length at both end-diastole (r = -0.43) and end-systole (r = -0.54) was negatively correlated with biplane LALS. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that both end-diastolic and end-systolic LA length had significant negative relationships with biplane LALS after adjusting for anthropometric and echocardiographic image quality parameters. 3DE LALS (23.7±7.6%) gave significantly lower values than 2DE LALS (39.5±12.0%, p<0.001) with a weak correlation (r = 0.33). LA length measured by 2DE was significantly shorter than that measured by 3DE. The same trend was observed in diseased patients. Conclusions Our results revealed that in 2DE, the LA cavity consistently appears longitudinally foreshortened in apical views, potentially overestimating LALS. 3DE may overcome this limitation.
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Xing, Yuanyuan, Hongyuan Xue, and Yuquan Ye. "Automated Quantitative Technique of 3D Cardiac Anatomical Model for Evaluating Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Patients with Myocardial Infarction." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2020.2415.
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This study intends to use 3D cardiac anatomical model automatic quantitative technique Heart Model (HM) to assess left ventricular systolic function in patients with myocardial infarction. Thirty patients with myocardial infarction (case group) and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were enrolled in this study.M-mode echocardiography (MME), two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), 3D cardiac anatomical model (HM) and real-time 3D echocardiography (3DE) were used to collect echocardiographic images. Left ventricular systolic function parameters (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were obtained from two post-surgical analysis of more than 5 years of experience. Compared to control group, MME, 2DE, HM, and 3DE were significantly higher in the LVEDV and LVESV cases and lower in the LVEF (P < 0 05). MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE were correlated and best correlation as found between HM and 3DE (P < 0 05). For the consistency of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, the best consistency was observed in the LVEF of HM and 3DE, and case group was lower than control (P < 0 05). In terms of repeatability of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, HM showed the best repeatability followed by MME. In comparison of the time of MME, 2DE, HM and 3DE, HM had shortest time (< 0 05). HM automatic quantitative technique can evaluate left ventricular systolic function in myocardial infarction patients, and it is simple, rapid and reproducible.
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Shrestha, Manish, Urmila Shakya, Poonam Sharma, Subhash Shah, Shilpa Aryal, Amshu Shakya, Shistata Rajbhandari, Vidhata KC, Kul Ratna Thapa, and Chandra Mani Adhikari. "Is Two Dimensional Echocardiography sufficient for selection of device for successful transcatheter closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Children?" Nepalese Heart Journal 18, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v18i2.40404.
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Background and Aims: Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DE) is widely used for detecting congenital heart disease and is possible to obtain precise measurement of Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) for device selection required for transcatheter closure. Primary aim of the study is to determine whether echocardiographic assessment alone can be used for selection of device for transcatheter closure of PDA.
 Methods: Children with PDA and planned for transcatheter intervention were included in this cross-sectional study of one year. PDA was assessed with 2DE and prediction of device size was made.
 Results: The results were obtained from 107 children. The median age and weight at intervention were 3.8 years (ranging from 6 months to14 years) and 12 kg (ranging from 3.5 to 60 kg). Type A (Conical) PDA was the commonest PDA morphology accounting for 87.8% and 85% in 2DE and angiography respectively. There was no difference (p < 0.05) in the narrowest diameter at pulmonary end measured by 2DE and angiography, however ampulla diameter and ductal length were statistically different (p = 0.95). The predicted size of device by 2DE was discordant (p < 0.05) to the actual device used in a total study population, however when patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, non-type A and larger PDA (narrowest diameter > 6mm) were excluded, the predicted size of device by 2DE was statistically concordant (p = 0.1) to the actual device used in 89 (83%) patients.
 Conclusion: Two dimensional Transthoracic echocardiography alone may be helpful in choosing the device during transcatheter closure of PDA in selective group of patients.
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Bushljetikj, Oliver, and Ljubica Georgievska-Ismail. "Comparison of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiography in Determination of Left Ventricle Volumes and Ejection Fraction in Adult Population." PRILOZI 38, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2018-0011.
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Abstract Introduction: Left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) determined with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) show significant differences.The aim of this study is to determine the agreement of the measurements of LV volumes and EF with 2DE and 3DE in the general adult population, with preserved LV systolic function. Material and methods: In 52 subjects, older than 65 years, LV end-diastolic volume index (EDVi), end-systolic volume index (ESVi) and EF were measured with 2DE and 3DE according to the official recommendations, and reproducibility of both methods and their agreement were determined. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient for intra-observer reproducibility in the measurement of EDVi, ESVi and EF with 2DE was 0.861, 0.891 and 0.917 respectively, whereas with 3DE 0.854, 0.893 and 0.913, respectively. The difference in the measurement of EDVi and ESVi was significant (p<0.001) whereas the measurement of EF was insignificant (p=0.153). The mean difference value EDVi and ESVi determined with 2DE and 3DE was 5.6+/-5.21 and 3.01+/-2.69 ml/m2 (p<0.001), and of EF 0.306+/-1.475%. Spearman’s correlation coefficient for EDV was 0.693, for ESV 0.763 and for EF 0.97. Conclusion: Larger LV volumes were measured in the adult population using 3DE compared to 2DE, but identical values for EF were obtained. This difference in the measured values could not be attributed to the largeness of the LV volume and EF itself.. 3DE demonstrated better intra-observer reproducibility for LV volumes and EF as a major parameter in many clinical decisions.
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Penso, Marco, Remo Antonio Ranalletta, Mauro Pepi, Anna Garlaschè, Sarah Ghulam Ali, Laura Fusini, Valentina Mantegazza, Manuela Muratori, Riccardo Maragna, and Gloria Tamborini. "Comparison between Automatic and Semiautomatic System for the 3D Echocardiographic Multiparametric Evaluation of RV Function and Dimension." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154528.
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Background: The right ventricle (RV) plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular diseases and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has gained acceptance for the evaluation of RV volumes and function. Recently, a new artificial intelligence (AI)–based automated 3DE software for RV evaluation has been proposed and validated against cardiac magnetic resonance. The aims of this study were three-fold: (i) feasibility of the AI-based 3DE RV quantification, (ii) comparison with the semi-automatic 3DE method and (iii) assessment of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and strain measurements obtained automatically. Methods: A total of 203 subject (122 normal and 81 patients) underwent a 2DE and both the semi-automatic and automatic 3DE methods for Doppler standard, RV volumes and ejection fraction (RVEF) measurements. Results: The automatic 3DE method was highly feasible, faster than 2DE and semi-automatic 3DE and data obtained were comparable with traditional measurements. Both in normal subjects and patients, the RVEF was similar to the two 3DE methods and 2DE and strain measurements obtained by the automated system correlated very well with the standard 2DE and strain ones. Conclusions: results showed that rapid analysis and excellent reproducibility of AI-based 3DE RV analysis supported the routine adoption of this automated method in the daily clinical workflow.
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Szymczyk, Tobias, Odile Sauzet, Lech J. Paluszkiewicz, Angelika Costard-Jäckle, Max Potratz, Volker Rudolph, Jan F. Gummert, and Henrik Fox. "Non-invasive assessment of central venous pressure in heart failure: a systematic prospective comparison of echocardiography and Swan-Ganz catheter." International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging 36, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 1821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-01889-3.
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Abstract Assessing hemodynamics, especially central venous pressure (CVP), is essential in heart failure (HF). Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold-standard, but non-invasive methods are also needed. However, the role of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) remains uncertain, and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is not always available. This study investigated standardized and breathing-corrected assessment of inferior vena cava (IVC) volume using echocardiography (2DE and 3DE) versus CVP determined invasively using RHC. Sixty consecutive HF patients were included (82% male, age 54 ± 11 years, New York Heart Association class 2.23 ± 0.8, ejection fraction 46 ± 18.4%, brain natriuretic peptide 696.93 ± 773.53 pg/mL). All patients underwent Swan-Ganz RHC followed by 2DE and 3DE, and IVC volume assessment. On 2DE, mean IVC size was 18.3 ± 5.5 mm and 13.8 ± 6 mm in the largest deflection and shortest distention, respectively. Mean CVP from RHC was 9.3 ± 5.3 mmHg. Neither 2DE nor 3DE showed acceptable correlation with invasively measured CVP; IVC volume acquisition showed optimal correlation with RHC CVP (0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.77), with better correlation when mitral valve early diastole E wave and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter were added. Using a CVP cut-point of 10 mmHg, receiver operating characteristic curve showed true positivity (specificity) of 0.90 and sensitivity of 62% for predicting CVP. A validation study confirmed these findings and verified the high predictive value of IVC volume assessment. Neither 2DE nor 3DE alone can reliably mirror CVP, but IVC volume acquisition using echocardiography allows non-invasive and adequate approximation of CVP. Correlation with invasively measured pressure was strongest when CVP is > 10 mmHg.
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Oliveira, Bruno M., Jens R. Coorssen, and Daniel Martins-de-Souza. "2DE: The Phoenix of Proteomics." Journal of Proteomics 104 (June 2014): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.035.
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Tadic, Marijana, Sanja Ilic, Nada Kostic, Zorica Caparevic, and Vera Celic. "Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Left Ventricular Mechanics: A Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-3107.
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Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling. The LV mechanics has not been previously assessed by two- and three-dimensional (2DE and 3DE) speckle tracking imaging in the SHT patients. Objectives: The objective of the study was to investigate LV mechanics by 2DE and 3DE speckle tracking in the SHT patients and evaluate the influence of levothyroxine therapy on LV remodeling. Design: We conducted a prospective study. All SHT patients received levothyroxine therapy and were followed up for 1 year after the euthyroid state had been achieved. Setting: The study was performed at a university hospital. Patients: We included 54 untreated women with SHT and 40 healthy control women who were of similar age. Main Outcome Measures: The 2DE strain and strain rates, 3DE volumes, 3DE strain, and thyroid hormones levels were assessed. Results: The 2DE LV longitudinal and circumferential strain and systolic and early diastolic strain rates were significantly decreased in the SHT patients before therapy in comparison with the controls or the SHT patients after therapy. The 3DE LV cardiac output and ejection fraction were significantly reduced in the SHT patients at baseline compared with the controls or patients after 1 year of treatment. The 3DE LV longitudinal and radial strains were significantly lower in the SHT group before treatment in comparison with the controls or patients after therapy, whereas the 3DE LV circumferential and area strains gradually increased from untreated SHT patients, among the treated SHT patients, to the controls. Conclusion: SHT significantly affects LV deformation assessed by 2DE and 3DE speckle tracking. The improvement of LV mechanics after 1 year of levothyroxine treatment is significant but incomplete.
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Noszczyńska, Magdalena, Karolina Łakomy, Krzysztof Nowacki, and Zofia Piotrowska-Seget. "A High Manganese-Tolerant Pseudomonas sp. Strain Isolated from Metallurgical Waste Heap Can Be a Tool for Enhancing Manganese Removal from Contaminated Soil." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 5717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165717.
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Manganese (Mn) is widely used in industry. However, its extensive applications have generated a great amount of manganese waste, which has become an ecological problem and has led to a decrease in natural resources. The use of microorganisms capable of accumulating Mn ions from contaminated ecosystems offers a potential alternative for the removal and recovery of this metal. The main aim of this work was an investigation of removal potential of Mn from soil by isolated bacterial. For this purpose, eleven bacterial strains were isolated from the soil from metallurgical waste heap in Upper Silesia, Poland. Strain named 2De with the highest Mn removal potential was selected and characterized taking into account its ability for Mn sorption and bioaccumulation from soil and medium containing manganese dioxide. Moreover, the protein profile of 2De strain before and after exposition to Mn was analyzed using SDS/PAGE technique. The 2De strain was identified as a Pseudomonas sp. The results revealed that this strain has an ability to grow at high Mn concentration and possesses an enhanced ability to remove it from the solution enriched with the soil or manganese dioxide via a biosorption mechanism. Moreover, changes in cellular protein expression of the isolated strain were observed. This study demonstrated that autochthonous 2De strain can be an effective tool to remove and recover Mn from contaminated soil.
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Chňapek, Milan, Zdenka Galova, Želmíra Balážová, Zuzana Hromadová, Lucia Mikolášová, Martin Vivodík, Janka Drábeková, and Dana Rajnincová. "APPLICATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS AND MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE DETECTION OF ALLERGENS IN SELECTED VARIETIES OF WHEAT, OATS AND BUCKWHEAT." Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences 13, no. 1 (July 4, 2023): e9934. http://dx.doi.org/10.55251/jmbfs.9934.
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The number of people suffering from food allergies and intolerances has been increasing in recent years and cereal proteins are the most common food allergens. Pseudocereals represent perspective alternative in nutrition with a positive effect on the human body. The aim of the work was to analyze the proteome of selected varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry in order to detect the presence of potentially allergenic proteins. Using the PDQuest program, 221 protein spots ranging from 4.13 to 9.89 µl with experimental molecular weights from 12.42 kDa to 140 kDa were quantified in 2DE gels of wheat. In the oat sample, 168 protein spots were quantified in the range pI of 4.02 to 9.93 and an experimental molecular weight of 14.81 kDa to 67.96 kDa. Buckwheat proteins were separated on a 2DE gel into 208 protein spots in the 3 to 9.83 pI region with an experimental molecular weight of 10.10 kDa to 115 kDa. By comparing the data with the Allergome database, allergens Tri and 26, Tri and 33, Tri and 36, Tri and alpha Gliadin, Tri and 20 were detected in wheat, Ave s 11S allergens in oats and Fag e 1 allergen in buckwheat. 2DE together with mass spectrometry have been shown to be suitable and sensitive methods for the detection of allergens in food crops.
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OM, Anil. "Evaluation of Ejection Fraction in Patients with cardiac Resynchronization Therapy by Two and Three Dimensional Echocardiography." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 36, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.572.
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Introduction: Since assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is crucial for evaluation of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device both for selection of potential candidates for CRT as well as assessing outcome of therapy, we compared LVEF in patients with CRT device by two dimensional and three dimensional echocardiography. Methods: Two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed first with CRT device on. LVEF obtained by modified biplane Simpson’s Rule. Then real time three dimensional echocardiography (3DE) was performed by (iE 33, PHILIPS Machine). Procedure was repeated with CRT device off. Results: A total of 19 patients aged 54.6 ±11.2 years (Range: 32 years to 75 years) were studied. LVEF measured by 2DE and 3DE, with CRT device off, was 22±4% (17-27%) and 24 ±3% (15-27%) respectively. With CRT device on, LVEF measured by 2DE and 3DE was 26.6±4.1% (22-32%) and 31.3±5.8% (25-41%) respectively. Conclusion: Two dimensional echocardiography underestimates LVEF as compared to three dimensional echocardiography. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves LVEF measured either by two or three dimensional echocardiography.
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Naryzhny, Stanislav. "Towards the Full Realization of 2DE Power." Proteomes 4, no. 4 (November 15, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes4040033.
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Rodrigues, Silas P., Sophie Alvarez, Emily G. Werth, William O. Slade, Brian Gau, Edgar B. Cahoon, and Leslie M. Hicks. "Multiplexing strategy for simultaneous detection of redox-, phospho- and total proteome – understanding TOR regulating pathways in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Analytical Methods 7, no. 17 (2015): 7336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00521c.
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Schiau, Călin, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța, Sorin Marian Dudea, and Simona Manole. "Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Ejection Fraction Versus Echocardiography for Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation Eligibility." Biology 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111108.
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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of performing two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) compared to cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) eligibility. Methods: A prospective cohort of 166 consecutive patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) was designed to compare transthoracic 2DE and CMR imaging. Results: Echocardiography measurements have important differences and large limits of agreement compared to CMR, especially when assessing ventricle volumes, and smaller but relevant differences when assessing LVEF. The agreement between CMR and 2DE regarding the identification of subjects with EF <= 35, respectively <= 30, and thus eligible for an ICD measured by Cohen’s Kappa was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.68–0.88), p < 0.001, respectively 0.65 (95% CI: 0.52–0.78), p < 0.001. The disagreement represented 7.9%/11.3% of the subjects who had EF < 35%/< 30% as observed by CMR, who would have been classified as eligible for an ICD, resulting in an additional need to use an ICD. Moreover, 2.6%/3.3% would have been deemed eligible by echocardiography for an ICD. Conclusions: These measurement problems result in incorrect assignments of eligibility that may have serious implications on the quality of life and the prevention of death events for patients assessed for eligibility of an ICD.
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Vantaggiato, Lorenza, Claudia Landi, Enxhi Shaba, Daniela Rossi, Vincenzo Sorrentino, and Luca Bini. "Protein Extraction Methods Suitable for Muscle Tissue Proteomic Analysis." Proteomes 12, no. 4 (September 25, 2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes12040027.
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Muscle tissue is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues of the mammalian body and covers different roles, such as force generation and metabolic control. Muscular proteomics provides an important opportunity to reveal the molecular mechanisms behind muscle pathophysiology. To ensure successful proteomic analysis, it is necessary to have an efficient and reproducible protein extraction method. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different extraction protocols of muscle samples for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In particular, mouse muscle proteins were extracted by an SDS-based buffer (Method A) and by a UREA/CHAPS/DTE/TRIS solution (Method B). The efficacies of the methods were assessed by performing an image analysis of the 2DE gels and by statistical and multivariate analyses. The 2DE gels in both preparations showed good resolution and good spot overlapping. Methods A and B produced 2DE gels with different means of total spots, higher for B. Image analysis showed different patterns of protein abundance between the protocols. The results showed that the two methods extract and solubilize proteins with different chemical–physical characteristics and different cellular localizations. These results attest the efficacy and reproducibility of both protein extraction methods, which can be parallelly applied for comprehensive proteomic profiling of muscle tissue.
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Ronzhina, N. L., E. S. Zorina, M. G. Zavialova, O. K. Legina, and S. N. Naryzhny. "Variability of haptoglobin beta-chain proteoforms." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 70, no. 2 (2024): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20247002114.
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Existing knowledge on changes of the haptoglobin (Hp) molecule suggests that it may exist in multiple proteoforms, which obviously exhibit different functions. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) in combination with mass spectrometry and immunodetection, we have analyzed blood plasma samples from both healthy donors and patients with primary grade IV glioblastoma (GBM), and obtained a detailed composite 2DE distribution map of β-chain proteoforms, as well as the full-length form of Hp (zonulin). Although the total level of plasma Hp exceeded normal values in cancer patients (especially patients with GBM), the presence of particuar proteoforms, detected by their position on the 2DE map, was very individual. Variability was found in both zonulin and the Hp β-chain. The presence of an alkaline form of zonulin in plasma can be considered a conditional, but insufficient, GBM biomarker. In other words, we found that at the level of minor proteoforms of Hp, even in normal conditions, there was a high individual variability. On the one hand, this raises questions about the reasons for such variability, if it is present not only in Hp, but also in other proteins. On the other hand, this may explain the discrepancy between the number of experimentally detected proteoforms and the theoretically possible ones not only in Hp, but also in other proteins.
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Jessie, K., J. J. Jayapalan, K. C. Ong, Rahim Z. H. Abdul, R. M. Zain, K. T. Wong, and O. H. Hashim. "Aberrant proteins in the saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma." Electrophoresis 34, no. 17 (February 16, 2014): 2495–502. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201300107.
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Confirmation of oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) currently relies on histological analysis, which does not provide clear indication of cancer development from precancerous lesions. In the present study, whole saliva proteins of patients with OSCC (n = 12) and healthy subjects (n = 12) were separated by 2DE to identify potential candidate biomarkers that are much needed to improve detection of the cancer. The OSCC patients' 2DE saliva protein profiles appeared unique and different from those obtained from the healthy subjects. The patients' saliva 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and haptoglobin (HAP) chains were resolved into polypeptide spots with increased microheterogeneity, although these were not apparent in their sera. Their 2DE protein profiles also showed presence of hemopexin and -1B glycoprotein, which were not detected in the profiles of the control saliva. When subjected to densitometry analysis, significant altered levels of AAT, complement C3, transferrin, transthyretin, and chains of fibrinogen and HAP were detected. The increased levels of saliva AAT, HAP, complement C3, hemopexin, and transthyretin in the OSCC patients were validated by ELISA. The strong association of AAT and HAP with OSCC was further supported by immunohistochemical staining of cancer tissues. The differently expressed saliva proteins may be useful complementary biomarkers for the early detection and/or monitoring of OSCC, although this requires validation in clinically representative populations.
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Meyer, M., and F. H. Herrmann. "Diversity of Glycoprotein Deficiencies in Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 54, no. 03 (1985): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660085.
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SummaryThe platelet proteins of 9 thrombasthenic patients from 7 families were analysed by high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (HR-2DE) and crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). In 7 patients both glycoproteins (GPs) IIb and Ilia were absent or reduced to roughly the same extent. In two related patients only a trace of GP Ilb-IIIa complex was detected in CIE, but HR-2DE revealed a glycopeptide in the position of GP Ilia in an amount comparable to type II thrombasthenia. This GP Ilia-like component was neither recognized normally by anti-GP Ilb-IIIa antibodies nor labeled by surface iodination. In unreduced-reduced two-dimensional gel electrophoresis two components were observed in the region of GP Ilia. The assumption of a structural variant of GP Ilia in the two related patients is discussed.
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Ruitenbeek, K. "Nyoirin Kannon, rolschildering, Japan, 2de kwart 14de eeuw." Rijksmuseum Bulletin 37, no. 3 (September 15, 1989): 151–53. https://doi.org/10.52476/trb.20672.
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Ning, Fen, Xiaolin Wu, and Wei Wang. "Exploiting the potential of 2DE in proteomics analyses." Expert Review of Proteomics 13, no. 10 (September 8, 2016): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2016.1230498.
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Tsugu, Toshimitsu, Adriana Postolache, Raluca Dulgheru, Tadafumi Sugimoto, Julien Tridetti, Mai-Linh Nguyen Trung, Caroline Piette, et al. "Echocardiographic reference ranges for normal left ventricular layer-specific strain: results from the EACVI NORRE study." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, no. 8 (April 7, 2020): 896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaa050.
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Abstract Aims To obtain the normal range for 2D echocardiographic (2DE) measurements of left ventricular (LV) layer-specific strain from a large group of healthy volunteers of both genders over a wide range of ages. Methods and results A total of 287 (109 men, mean age: 46 ± 14 years) healthy subjects were enrolled at 22 collaborating institutions of the EACVI Normal Reference Ranges for Echocardiography (NORRE) study. Layer-specific strain was analysed from the apical two-, three-, and four-chamber views using 2DE software. The lowest values of layer-specific strain calculated as ±1.96 standard deviations from the mean were −15.0% in men and −15.6% in women for epicardial strain, −16.8% and −17.7% for mid-myocardial strain, and −18.7% and −19.9% for endocardial strain, respectively. Basal-epicardial and mid-myocardial strain decreased with age in women (epicardial; P = 0.008, mid-myocardial; P = 0.003) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = −0.20, P = 0.007, mid-myocardial; r = −0.21, P = 0.006, endocardial; r = −0.23, P = 0.002), whereas apical-epicardial, mid-myocardial strain increased with the age in women (epicardial; P = 0.006, mid-myocardial; P = 0.03) and correlated with age (epicardial; r = 0.16, P = 0.04). End/Epi ratio at the apex was higher than at the middle and basal levels of LV in men (apex; 1.6 ± 0.2, middle; 1.2 ± 0.1, base 1.1 ± 0.1) and women (apex; 1.6 ± 0.1, middle; 1.1 ± 0.1, base 1.2 ± 0.1). Conclusion The NORRE study provides useful 2DE reference ranges for novel indices of layer-specific strain.
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Sljivic, Aleksandra, Milena Pavlovic Kleut, Vera Celic, Aleksandar N. Neskovic, Ivan Nesic, and Tatjana Gazibara. "How Right is the Right Ventricle in Predicting Cardiac Mortality in Cardiac Failure: A 6-year Prospective Cohort Study." Journal of Cardiovascular Echography 34, no. 2 (April 2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_13_24.
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Aim: Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) may overcome many limitations of the conventional 2D echocardiography (2DE) in assessing right ventricular (RV) function. We sought to determine whether characteristics of the right atrium and right ventricle as measured by 2D-STE and 3DE are associated with cardiac mortality in patients with ischemic heart failure, over a 6-year follow-up. Materials and Methods: The inclusion criteria were ischemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction of <40% diagnosed using standard 2DE, 2D-STE, and 3DE examination. Patients were followed for 6 years, and cardiac mortality was recorded. Results: The study sample comprised a total of 54 participants. During the period of follow-up, 24% (13/54) died. The 2DE models showed that being older, having a higher body mass index (BMI), having higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP), and a lower RV global longitudinal strain were associated with cardiac mortality in our cohort after 6-year follow-up. Finally, the 3DE models showed that in addition to being older, having higher BMI, having a higher SPAP baseline, lower baseline 3DE RV stroke volume, and larger 3DE RV end-diastolic volume and 3DE RV end-systolic volume were associated with cardiac mortality over 6-year follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that RV dysfunction as seen on 2D-STE and 3DE could be associated with increased risk of cardiac-related mortality in patients with heart failure over 6 years.
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Naser, Nabil, Ivan Stankovic, and Aleksandar Neskovic. "The Reliability of Automated Three-Dimensional Echocardiography-HeartModelA.I. Versus 2D Echocardiography Simpson Methods in Evaluation of Left Ventricle Volumes and Ejection Fraction in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction." Medical Archives 76, no. 4 (2022): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2022.76.259-266.
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Background: Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) Simpson methods is the most frequently used imaging modality to assess Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). LVEF is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients and clinical scenarios. Despite its importance in prognosis and clinical decision making, most echocardiography laboratories currently determine EF primarily by visual estimation, which is highly experience-dependent and sensitive to intra- and inter-observer variability and suboptimal accuracy and repeatability. Over the last decade, 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become increasingly implemented in clinical practice. The automated 3D HeartModelA.I. tracks every frame over the cardiac cycle using 3D speckle technology. HeartModelA.I. is a fully automated program that simultaneously detects LA and LV endocardial surfaces using an adaptive analytics algorithm that consists of knowledge-based identification of initial global shape and orientation followed by patient-specific adaptation. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the automated 3D HeartModelA.I echocardiography and 2D Simpson methods echocardiography in evaluation of the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes in patients with left heart dysfunction. Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 165 patients with symptoms of LV dysfunction (ischemic or nonischemic) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I-III, referred for an echocardiographic study to evaluate the LV volumes and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) during the period from March 2020 to March 2022. Echocardiographic images were acquired by experienced echocardiographers using a commercially available Philips EPIQ machine (Koninklijke Philips Ultrasound, USA) equipped with X5-1 Matrix probe for 2DE and DHM 3DE acquisitions, respectively. Results: 2D Simpson methods echocardiography results for estimated LVEF were 38.43 ± 1.70 in patients with NYHA class I-II, 30.53 ± 1.60 in patients with NYHA class III. Using 3D Heart Model, LVEF were 38.23 ± 1.71 in patients with NYHA class I-II and 30.27 ± 1.50 in patients with NYHA class III. The results of 2D Simpson methods echocardiography for estimated LVEDVi in NYHA class I-II and NYHA class III were 99.06 ± 6.36 ml/m2, 121.96 ± 2.93 ml/m2 respectively, LVESVi were 60.91 ± 3.91 ml/m2, 84.74 ± 2.70 ml/m2 respectively, for 3D Heart Model, LVEDVi in NYHA class I-II and NYHA class III were 100.07 ± 6.72, 121.38 ± 3.01 ml/m2 respectively, LVESVi were 61.75 ± 3.94 ml/m2, 84.73 ± 2.33 ml/m2 respectively. 2DE measurement of LV volumes and EF was completed in 6.1 ± 0.8 min. per patient. 3DE HeartModelA.I acquisition and analysis in most patients was completed in <3.2 min., an average time of 2.9 ± 1.3 min. per patient. The result of our study shows that the 3D HeartModelA.I. is a reliable and robust method for LVEF and LV volume analysis, which has similar results to 2D echocardiography performed by experienced sonographers. In this study, we found that 3DE DHM fully automated tool is also significantly faster than 2DE analysis and thus can help overcome the time-consuming nature and its present a strong argument for its incorporation into the clinical workflow. In this study, we found that 3DE DHM fully automated tool is also significantly faster than 2DE analysis and thus can help overcome the time-consuming nature and its present a strong argument for its incorporation into the clinical workflow. Conclusion: 3D DHM provides fast and accurate LV volumes and LVEF quantitation, as it avoids geometric assumptions and left ventricular foreshortening, has better reproducibility and has incremental value to predict adverse outcomes in comparison with conventional 2DE. In the future major benefit of AI in echocardiography is expected from improvements in automated analysis and interpretation to reduce workload and improve clinical outcome.
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Navakauskienė, Rūta, Sandra Baronaitė, Dalius Matuzevičius, Natalija Krasovskaja, Gražina Treigytė, Audronė Arlauskienė, and Dalius Navakauskas. "Comparative Proteomic Assessment of Normal vs. Polyhydramnios Amniotic Fluid Based on Computational Analysis." Biomedicines 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10081821.
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Mass spectrometry-based proteomics have become a valued tool for conducting comprehensive analyses in amniotic fluid samples with pathologies. Our research interest is the finding and characterization of proteins related to normal vs. polyhydramnios (non-immune hydrops) pregnancy. Proteomic analysis was performed on proteins isolated from fresh amniotic fluid samples. Proteins were fractionated by 2DE using a different pI range (pI 3–11, pI 4–7) and analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS. Furthermore, by using computational analysis, identified proteins in protein maps specific to normal vs. polyhydramnios pregnancy were compared and the quantities of expressed proteins were evaluated mathematically. Comparative analysis of proteome characteristic for the same polyhydramnios pregnancy fractionated by 2DE in different pI range (3–11 and 4–7) was performed and particular protein groups were evaluated for the quantification of changes within the same protein level. Proteins of normal and polyhydramnios pregnancies were fractionated by 2DE in pI range 3–11 and in pI range 4–7. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins has revealed that the quantity changes of the main identified proteins in normal vs. polyhydramnios pregnancy could be assigned to immune response and inflammation proteins, cellular signaling and regulation proteins, metabolic proteins, etc. Specifically, we have identified and characterized proteins associated with heart function and circulatory system and proteins associated with abnormalities in prenatal medicine. The following are: serotransferrin, prothrombin, haptoglobin, transthyretin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, zinc-alpha-2-glycprotein, haptoglobin kininogen-1, hemopexin, clusterin, lumican, afamin, gelsolin. By using computational analysis, we demonstrated that some of these proteins increased a few times in pathological pregnancy. Computer assistance analysis of 2DE images suggested that, for the better isolation of the proteins’ isoforms, those levels increased/decreased in normal vs. polyhydramnios pregnancy, and the fractionation of proteins in pI rage 3–11 and 4–7 could be substantial. We analyzed and identified by MS proteins specific for normal and polyhydramnios pregnancies. Identified protein levels increased and/or modification changed in case of non-immune hydrops fetus and in cases of cardiovascular, anemia, growth restriction, and metabolic disorders. Computational analysis for proteomic characterization empower to estimate the quantitative changes of proteins specific for normal vs. polyhydramnios pregnancies.
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Gurzun, Maria, Silviu Stanciu, Adrian Gabara, and Adrian Ionescu. "3D echo in everyday life: Could it reset our threshold for interventions?" Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 122, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2019.122.3.6.
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Background Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the single most important metric in cardiology, is the cornerstone on which prognosis is estimated and costly decisions such as whether to implant an ICD are based. LVEF is most often assessed by 2D echocardiography (2DE), although 3D echocardiography (3DE) has been shown repeatedly to be more accurate. Aim of the study. We set out to assess whether using 3DE would reclassify the severity of LV impairment in patients with LVEF < 35% by 2DE. Setting. Tertiary cardiac centre serving a population of one million, and performing approximately 100 ICD implants/year. Methods. Successive patients in sinus rhythm, with good endocardial border definition and LVEF<35% by 2D Simpson’s method, had scans according to the BSE protocol. 3D loops were acquired from the apical 4-chamber view and were analysed off-line using for regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) and LVEF. The patients were classified in subgroups according to EF value: less than 20%, 20-25%, 25-30%, 35% and more than 35%. Moderate LV systolic was defined as LVEF between 35% and 45% and severe as LVEF ≤35%. Results. We studied 100 patients (78 M, mean age (SD) 69.94 (13.54) years). 2DE had been requested for decision-making regarding ICD implantation in 86 patients (86%) and for LVEF measurement after acute coronary syndromes in 14 patients (14%). Regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) were present in half of patients (55%, 51 pts – 56% in LAD territory, 31% in RCA/CX territory and 12% multiple territories). 3D LVEF regrouped 67% of patients: 10% to a lower EF and 57% to a higher EF subgroup. Twenty nine patients (29%) were reclassified from severe LV systolic dysfunction by to 2DE to moderate LV systolic dysfunction by 3DE. Patients with RWMAs were more often reclassified than patients without RWMAs (p=0.006). The LV dimensions were lower for the reclassified patients. The image quality had no effect on reclassification. Conclusion Measuring LVEF by 3DE reclassifies the severity of LV systolic impairment in a substantial proportion of patients with 2D LVEF<35% and RWMAs, which may have important clinical and financial implications by resetting thresholds for costly interventions such as ICD implants. Keywords: biological attack, biological warfare, biological agents, international legislation, medical protection.
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LEE, JIANN-DER, and WEI-CHUN CHEN. "A NOVEL SCHEME FOR REGISTRATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS IMAGES." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 18, no. 04 (August 25, 2006): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237206000269.
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The research of proteomics is becoming one of important tasks in biological medical research after genomics. The first step to perform the protein analysis is to analyze gel electrophoresis images. In this paper, a novel scheme for registration of 2D gel electrophoresis images is proposed. First, we move one 2DE image along the x-axis and y-axis directions, overlap it on the second 2DE image and then calculate the mutual information of these two images. Repeat this procedure, we can find out the best registration result when the maximum mutual information is achieved. Next, the spot detection process is accomplished by using fuzzy c-means for segmentation and region growing for spot size calculation. At last, linear tracking technique is employed for spot matching. From the experimental results, it is observed that the performance of the proposed system is superior to the common used registration software Image Master System.
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Garzon Esguerra, Carolina, Nathalie Charpak, Flor Matilde Muñoz Avendaño, Mayra J. Floriano Parra, and Martha E. Giron Giron. "Impacto nutricional de un minimercado mensual en niños prematuros y/o de bajo peso al nacer." Revista de Salud Pública 22, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n5.87207.
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Objetivos Evaluar el impacto nutricional de un minimercado mensual de alto valor nutricional entregado, mediante charlas educativas, a familias de recién nacidos prematuros y/o de bajo peso al nacer (BPN), en el marco de los Programas Madre Canguro (PMC), en Bogotá y Cundinamarca; asimismo, identificar los factores de riesgo que predisponen la aparición de la desnutrición (<-2DE).Métodos Estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo de una cohorte de 392 niños inscritos en 10 PMC que presentan en su seguimiento un riesgo alimenticio o una desnutrición confirmada provenientes de familias de ingresos ≤ a 2 salarios mínimos y que reciben mensualmente un minimercado de alto valor nutricional con charla educativa después de los 3 meses de edad corregida (EC).Resultados Según el Sistema de Aseguramiento en Salud, no hubo diferencias en los resultados nutricionales. La entrega de los minimercados no tuvo impacto en la nutrición sino en la adherencia a los PMC. A las 40 semanas, el 19,2% tenía un peso ≤-2DE, de los cuales 20% tenía Retardo de Crecimiento Intrauterino (RCIU) al nacer. A los 3 y 12 meses de EC, el 24,5% y 36,5% tenía un peso ≤-2DE. Los demás estaban en riesgo alimenticio. Dos factores de riesgo fueron significativos: la edad de la madre y el grado de desnutrición a la entrada.Conclusión Se requiere un seguimiento prolongado con intervención rápida en los PMC para poder recuperar y vigilar estos niños en riesgo alimenticio o con desnutrición confirmada, conociendo el impacto que tiene en el desarrollo neurológico y cognitivo futuro.
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Lestuzzi, Chiara, Davide Stolfo, Antonino De Paoli, Alberto Banzato, Angela Buonadonna, Ettore Bidoli, Lucia Tartuferi, et al. "Cardiotoxicity from Capecitabine Chemotherapy: Prospective Study of Incidence at Rest and During Physical Exercise." Oncologist 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): e158-e167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oncolo/oyab035.
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Abstract Background Physical activity may increase the risk of cardiotoxicity (myocardial ischemia, major arrhythmias) of 5-Fluorouracil, but this risk has never been investigated for its prodrug capecitabine. Patients and Methods One hundred and ninety-two consecutive patients undergoing capecitabine chemotherapy from December 1, 2010 through July 31, 2016 were prospectively evaluated. The baseline evaluation included electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (2DE); a follow-up evaluation, including ECG and exercise stress testing (2DE in case of ECG abnormalities), was done after ≥10 days of treatment. Cardiotoxicity was suspected from ischemic ECG changes, new kinetic abnormalities at 2DE, Lown classification ≥2 ventricular arrhythmia, symptomatic arrhythmias, or positive stress test, and confirmed by a negative stress test after capecitabine washout. Results Cardiotoxicity was diagnosed in 32 patients (16.7%): six at rest and 26 during exercise. All 32 patients had ECG abnormalities: ST-segment changes (24 patients), negative T-waves (2) and/or arrhythmias: ventricular arrhythmias (14 cases), supraventricular tachycardia (2), complete heart block (1). Eight patients had typical symptoms, 6 had atypical symptoms, 1 had syncope, 17 (53%) were asymptomatic. Cardiotoxicity was more common in patients with atypical symptoms during daily life (OR = 15.7) and in those on a therapeutic schedule of 5 days/week (OR = 9.44). Conclusion Capecitabine cardiotoxicity is frequent, and often elicited by physical effort. Oncologists, cardiologists, and general practitioners should be aware of this risk. Active cardiotoxicity surveillance with ECG (and echocardiogram and/or stress testing in suspected cases) during therapy is recommended. Clinical Trials registration number CRO-2010-17.
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LIN, Qiong-Wen, Wu-Gang WANG, Wei-Chun WU, and Hao WANG. "Left atrial minimum volume by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography as an indicator of diastolic dysfunction." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 22 (November 20, 2013): 4227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20130465.
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Background Left atrial (LA) maximum volume is becoming a prognostic biomarker for left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. However, we assessed LV diastolic function by measuring LA phasic volumes using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Sixty-five stable CAD patients with normal LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were divided into three groups according to degree of coronary stenosis: control (n=15) with <50% stenosis as control group, mildS (n=25) with mild stenosis (50%-70%) and severeS (n=25) with >70% stenosis. LA phasic volumes and function were evaluated and compared using RT3DE and two dimensional echocardiography (2DE). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were examined. The correlations of RT3DE-derived parameters with other conventional indices were analyzed. Results Significant correlations between RT3DE and 2DE for LA volume measurements were: control, r=0.93; mildS, r=0.94; severeS, r=0.90 (all P <0.05). Patients with severe coronary stenosis presented higher NT-proBNP level, indices of LA minimum volume and volume before atrial contraction, but lower LA total emptying fraction (LAEF) and LAEFpassive. Significant correlations of RT3DE derived LA volume indices with E/E' (r=0.695) and NF-proBNP (r=0.630) level were found. Conclusions RT3DE derived, LA indices correlate well with NT-proBNP level and may be superior to 2DE measurements for the evaluation of LV diastolic dysfunction. Enlargement of LA minimum volume in stable CAD patients without systolic dysfunction appears earlier and may be better correlated with LV diastolic function than that of LA maximum volume.
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Atici, A., R. Asoglu, H. Ali Barman, and Ö. Faruk Baycan. "Impact of Multimodality Imaging on the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus in Patients after Anterior MI." European Heart Journal 42, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.092.
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Abstract Background The presence of the left ventricle (LV) apical thrombus is one of the most critical complications of anterior myocardial infarction. Due to the high risk of systemic embolization, the determination of LV apical thrombus (LVAT) is essential. Purpose We aimed to compare the Two-Dimensional Echocardiography (2DE), contrast-2DE and Real-time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography (RT-3DE) in the diagnosis of LVAT and determine which imaging modality is superior. Methods The study was designed as a prospective cohort study, and 161 patients were included. Patients with low ejection fraction (&lt;40%) and LV apical wall motion abnormality (severe hypokinetic, akinetic or dyskinetic) were included. 2DE, contrast-2DE, RT-3DE, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were performed to all patients within one month after anterior MI. Results Transthoracic 2DE detected thrombi in 29 patients, contrast 2DE detected thrombi in 33 patients, RT-3DE detected thrombi in 32 patients, and MRI detected thrombi in 28 patients. While MRI is accepted as the gold standard for non-invasive imaging, the specificity of detecting thrombus with 2DE is 90%, and the sensitivity is 57%, contrast-2DE had 82% sensitivity and 92% specificity for the detection of LVAT. The specificity for detecting thrombus with RT-3DE is 93%, and the sensitivity is 85%. Accuracy was 84%, 90% and 92% with 2DE, contrast 2DE and RT-3DE, respectively. Conclusion We found that RT-3DE was more sensitive and more specific than 2DE and contrast-2DE in the diagnosis of LVAT. The diagnostic accuracy of RT-3DE was higher than 2DE and contrast-2DE for LVAT. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
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Mazzanti, A., K. Addetia, R. Maragna, M. Yamat, E. Pagan, L. Monti, V. Bagnardi, and S. G. Priori. "P3685Can 3D echocardiography give a contribute to the diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?" European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0539.
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Abstract Background The diagnosis of ARVC is based on the structural assessment of the heart with 2D echocardiography (2DE) and cardiovascular MRI (CMR) to detect the presence of global and segmental right ventricular (RV) abnormalities. Little is known about the diagnostic value of 3D echocardiography (3DE) in ARVC. The aim of this study was to assess whether a combination of 2DE and 3DE could replace 2DE and CMR combination with similar diagnostic accuracy in patients with suspected ARVC. Methods Thirty-nine subjects (59% males, 47±15 years, 41% with desmosomal mutations) with suspected or confirmed diagnosis of ARVC underwent evaluation of the RV with the use of CMR, 2DE, 3DE. 3DE and CMR were independently used to obtain RV volumes, ejection fraction and presence of segmental RV abnormalities. These studies were blindly classified as meeting none, minor, or major criteria for ARVC in accordance with the 2010 TFC. Kappa statistics were used to assess the concordance between 2DE-CMR and 2DE-3DE diagnostic approaches. Results Using the 2DE-CMR approach, patients were classified as follows: 5 not affected, 8 with possible, 9 with borderline and 17 with definite ARVC diagnosis. The evaluation of TFC criteria with the 2DE-3DE approach yielded a high degree of concordance with the standard of care (2DE-CMR approach, K=0.93 with 95% CI: 0.84–1.0). There was complete agreement between the 2DE-CMR and 2DE-3DE approaches for individuals with definite ARVC diagnosis (n=17) and in individuals not affected by ARVC (n=5). Two patients with possible and borderline ARVC diagnosis using the 2DE-CMR approach were confirmed as definite ARVC with 2DE-3DE approach. Contribution of 3D echo to ARVC Conclusions The use of 2D and 3D echocardiography allows bedside evaluation of patients with suspected ARVC, which is diagnostically comparable to that obtained using the traditional combination of 2DE-CMR. This information is particularly relevant for patients who cannot undergo CMR such as patients with ICD.
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Bouwer, Nathalie I., Crista Liesting, Marcel J. M. Kofflard, Jasper J. Brugts, Marc C. J. Kock, Jos J. E. M. Kitzen, Mark-David Levin, and Eric Boersma. "2D-echocardiography vs cardiac MRI strain: a prospective cohort study in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing trastuzumab." Cardiovascular Ultrasound 19, no. 1 (November 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12947-021-00266-x.
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Abstract Background We aimed to study the predictive value of early two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) speckle tracking (ST) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) changes during trastuzumab treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab, with or without anthracycline, underwent 2DE-ST at baseline and after 3 and 6 months (m) trastuzumab. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (with ST) was performed at baseline and 6 m. We studied the correlation between 2DE-ST- and CMR-derived global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global radial strain (GRS) measured at the same time. Additionally, we associated baseline and 3 m 2DE-ST measurements with later CMR-LVEF, and with cardiotoxicity, defined as CMR-LVEF < 45% and/or absolute decline > 10% during trastuzumab. Results Forty-seven patients were included. Median baseline LVEF was 60.4%. GLS measurements based on 2DE-ST and CMR showed weak correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.33; p = 0.041); GRS measurements were uncorrelated (r = 0.09; p = 0.979). 2DE-LVEF at baseline and 3 m, and 2DE-ST-GLS at 3 m were predictive of CMR-LVEF at 6 m. In contrast, the change in 2DE-ST-GLS at 3 m was predictive of the change in CMR-LVEF at 6 m, whereas the change in 2DE-LVEF was not. Importantly, the 11 patients who developed cardiotoxicity (28%) had larger 2DE-ST-GLS change at 3 m than those who did not (median 5.2%-points versus 1.7%-points; odds ratio for 1% difference change 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.93; p = 0.016; explained variance 0.34). Conclusions Correlations between 2DE-ST and CMR-derived measurements are weak. Nevertheless, ST-measurements appeared useful to improve the performance of 2DE in predicting LVEF changes after 6 m of trastuzumab treatment.
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Bouwer, NI, C. Liesting, MJM Kofflard, JJ Brugts, MCJ Kock, JJEM Kitzen, M.-D. Levin, and E. Boersma. "2D-echocardiography vs cardiac MRI strain using deep learning: a prospective cohort study in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing trastuzumab." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 22, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.118.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Promotiefonds Albert Schweitzer Hospital Background Subclinical cardiotoxicity due to trastuzumab could be recognized by repeated measurements of global longitudinal/radial strain (GLS/GRS) which could be performed with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) or two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DE-ST). Although CMR is the gold standard for cardiac function evaluation, it is not used for cardiac monitoring. 2DE-ST might be a reasonable alternative. Purpose To study the predictive value of early 2DE-ST for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) changes during trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab, with or without anthracycline, underwent 2DE-ST at baseline and after 3 and 6 months (m) trastuzumab. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (with ST) was performed at baseline and 6m. We studied the correlation between 2DE-ST- and CMR-derived GLS and GRS. We then associated baseline and 3m 2DE-ST with later CMR-LVEF, and with cardiotoxicity, defined as CMR-LVEF &lt;45% and/or absolute decline &gt;10% during trastuzumab. Results 47 patients were included. GLS measurements based on 2DE-ST and CMR showed weak correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.33; P = 0.041); GRS measurements were uncorrelated (r = 0.09; P = 0.979). 2DE-LVEF at baseline and 3m, and 2DE-STE-GLS at 3m were predictive of CMR-LVEF at 6m (Table 1). In contrast, the change in 2DE-ST-GLS at 3m was predictive of the change in CMR-LVEF at 6m, whereas the change in 2DE-LVEF was not. Importantly, the 11 patients (28%) who developed cardiotoxicity had larger 2DE-ST-GLS change at 3m than those who did not (median 5.2% versus 1.7%; odds ratio 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.11–2.93; P = 0.016). Conclusion Although correlations between 2DE-ST and CMR are weak, ST-measurements appeared useful to improve the performance of 2DE in predicting LVEF changes after 6m of trastuzumab. Table 1 2DE CMR-LVEF after 6m TZT Mean difference (95% CI) Change in CMR-LVEF after 6m TZT Mean difference (95% CI) Cardiotoxicity OR (95% CI) Before TZT LVEF, % 0.85 (0.42, 1.27)* 0.32 (-0.16, 0.80) 0.88 (0.75, 1.02) ST-GLS, % -0.42 (-1.31, 0.46) -0.28 (-1.14, 0.58) 1.13 (0.87, 1.46) 3 Months TZT LVEF, % 0.59 (0.30, 0.88)* 0.29 (-0.04, 0.61) 0.85 (0.74, 0.98)* ST-GLS, % -1.14 (-2.07, -0.19)* -0.62 (-1.54, 0.30) 1.36 (0.94, 1.84) Change at 3 months TZT LVEF, % 0.30 (-0.11, -0.71) 0.21 (-0.19, 0.61) 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) ST-GLS, % -1.17 (-2.14, -0.20)* -1.10 (-2.02, -0.18)* 1.81 (1.11, 2.93)* * P-value &lt;0.05
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Previtero, M., N. Ruozi, G. Sammarco, D. Azzolina, R. M. Tenaglia, C. Palermo, P. Aruta, S. Iliceto, D. Muraru, and L. P. Badano. "P275 Feasibility and accuracy of the automated quantification of two- and three-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction and its role in the arrhythmic risk stratification of organic heart disease." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 21, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jez319.132.
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Abstract BACKGROUND New automated approaches for left heart chamber quantification based on adaptive analytics algorithms have been introduced for both two- (2DE) and three-dimensional (3DE) echocardiography. These algorithms measure a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reduce the intra- and inter-observer variability associated with the conventional manual tracing of LV endocardial borders. However, the clinical utility of these algorithms in the sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification of patients with organic heart disease remains to be clarified. PURPOSE We sought to test the feasibility and the accuracy of two automated algorithms that measure 2DE and 3DE LVEF in patients with impaired LV systolic function and to define the cut-off values for fully automated 2DE and 3DE LVEF that could predict major arrhythmic events (MAE). We wanted also to assess the feasibility of replacing manual 2DE and semi-automated (SA) 3DE LVEF with fully-automated (FA) 2DE and 3DE LVEF respectively, in the stratification of high arrhythmic risk patients. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 240 patients (63 ± 13 years, 81% men) with both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy with 2DE LVEF &lt; 50%, no previous MAE or coronary artery revascularization &lt; 90 days, after at least 3 months of optimal medical therapy for heart failure. MAE were defined as SCD, resuscitated cardiac arrest (CA), ventricular fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia and appropriate ICD shocks. The risk detection cut-off values for 2DE and 3DE FA LVEF were computed using the maximally selected rank statistics method. In order to predict the risk of MAE we created four different risk models, including both clinical characteristics (age, NYHA class, aetiology of the LV dysfunction) and imaging-derived data (2DE manual LVEF, 2DE FA LVEF, 3DE SA LVEF and 3DE FA LVEF), analyzed by a ROC curve. RESULTS During a 27 ± 25months follow-up period, 31 patients (13%) presented MAE including SCD (n= 22; 9%), resuscitated CA (n = 3; 1%) and appropriate ICD shocks (n = 6; 2%). Both 2DE and 3DE FA LVEF showed high feasibility (92% and 95%, respectively), and good agreement with conventional LVEF (2DE mean difference 4 ± 7%, and 3DE mean difference 4 ± 7%). We identified two FA LVEF cut-offs for the MAE detection: 2DE &lt;39% (p = 0.006) and 3DE &lt;37% (p = 0.005). The model including the 2DE FA LVEF showed an area under the curve (AUC) larger than the one including conventional 2DE LVEF (0.83 vs 0.80). Conversely, the AUC obtained with FA 3DE LVEF model was slightly lower than the one obtained using SA 3DE LVEF model (0.80 vs 0.84). CONCLUSIONS Both 2DE and 3DE FA LVEF are feasible and accurate alternative to the conventional (manual) or SA endocardial border tracing. The use of specific FA 2DE LVEF cut-off values showed a comparable predictive power in the MAE risk stratification compared to the conventional one with the advantage of very low intra- and inter-observer variability.
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Volpato, V., P. Ciampi, R. Johnson, K. Hipke, M. Tomaselli, G. Oliverio, D. Muraru, RM Lang, and LP Badano. "Routine use of automated strain analysis and 3D echocardiography provides a more comprehensive assessment of cardiac chambers than conventional 2D echocardiography and is time-saving." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 23, Supplement_1 (February 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.128.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. In most laboratories three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and longitudinal strain (Lstrain) analysis are not part of the routine studies. Although these modalities have been shown to provide additional clinical information and prognostic value compared to conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), their acquisition and analysis are perceived as being time-consuming. Recently, new automated tools have been developed to perform accurate, fast and reproducible analyses of heart chambers’ geometry and function. However, their cost-effectiveness when compared to conventional 2DE remains to be demonstrated. Aim. We designed a prospective, multicenter, observational study aimed to compare the time required for the acquisition and analysis of conventional transthoracic 2DE vs advanced echocardiography (AEcho, i.e. 3DE+ Lstrain) for the assessment of cardiac chambers and myocardial mechanics. Methods. According to current guidelines, 196 consecutive patients referred for clinically indicated echocardiography underwent complete 2DE and Doppler echocardiography. In addition, 3DE datasets of the left atrium (LA), left and right ventricle (LV, RV) were acquired using automated 3DE software package (Heart Model). Acquisition time for both 2DE and 3DE images were recorded. Conventional 2DE analyses of LA (biplane volume), LV (biplane volumes and mass) and RV (both linear dimensions, areas, and longitudinal function) were performed following current guidelines, and the time required for acquisition and analysis was recorded. The time spent for AEcho analysis (both 3DE volumetric analysis and Lstrain of LA, LV and RV) was also recorded. Results. Feasibility of AEcho was 86% (169 patients). The additional time for 3D dataset acquisition over conventional 2DE was 38 ± 0.16 sec. Quantitative analysis of the cardiac chambers by 2DE required an average of 5.55 ± 1.51 min vs 4.25 ± 1.23 min using AEcho (p &lt; 0.001). Total time for both 3D dataset acquisition and AEcho assessment was 5.03 ± 1.28 min vs 5.55 ± 1.51 min of 2DE analysis alone (p &lt; 0.001). Globally, AEcho provided a more comprehensive assessment of heart chambers than 2DE (Table). Moreover, the time spent for 3DE dataset acquisition and AEcho analysis on top of standard 2DE acquisition was significantly shorter compared to the 2DE acquisition and analysis (18:50 ± 4.23 vs 19:42 ± 4.24 min, p &lt; 0.001) (Table). Conclusions. Our data showed that the use of new AEcho automated tools are highly feasible resulting in significant time-savings compared to standard 2DE evaluation, while providing significant additional information. Abstract Table
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Addetia, Karima, Andrea Mazzanti, Riccardo Maragna, Lorenzo Monti, Megan Yamat, Deni Kukavica, Eleonora Pagan, et al. "Value of 3D echocardiography in the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, September 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeac172.
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Abstract Aims The 2010 Task Force Criteria (TFC) require that both right ventricular (RV) regional wall-motion abnormalities (WMA) and specific RV size cut-offs be met in order to fulfil one of the major criterion for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) diagnosis. Currently, 2D echocardiography (2DE) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) are used to determine if these criteria are met. Little is known about the diagnostic value of 3D echocardiography (3DE) in ARVC. The aim of this study was to determine whether a combination of 2DE-3DE is non-inferior to the currently used 2DE-cMRI combination in the diagnosis of patients with ARVC. Methods and results Thirty-nine individuals (47±15 years) with suspected ARVC underwent evaluation of the RV with cMRI, 2DE, and 3DE. 3DE and cMRI were independently used to obtain RV volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and determine the presence of segmental RV WMA. Studies were blindly classified as meeting criteria for ARVC in accordance with the 2010 TFC. Kappa statistics were used to test the concordance between 2DE–cMRI and 2DE–3DE approaches. Using the 2DE–cMRI approach, 3/39 were not affected, 5/39 possible, 8/39 borderline, and 23/39 definite ARVC. The proposed 2DE–3DE approach yielded 5/39 not affected, 7/39 possible, 8/39 borderline, and 19/39 definite diagnoses. The two approaches were highly concordant (k = 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–0.84). Although 3DE underestimated RV volumes in comparison with cMRI, interfering, in some instances with the fulfilment of a major criterion, it was able to identify more RV WMA (28/39) than 2DE (11/39), with a detection-rate comparable to cMRI (33/39) highlighting a unique advantage. Conclusion The combination of 2DE–3DE for ARVC diagnosis is comparable to the conventional 2DE–cMRI approach. 3DE should be performed in all suspected ARVC patients to aide in the detection of WMA.
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Juergensen, Stephan, Christine Springston, Michael J. Bunker, Phillip Moore, and Shafkat Anwar. "Abstract 11887: High Agreement Between 2D and 3D Echocardiography in Measuring Dimensions of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants." Circulation 144, Suppl_1 (November 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.144.suppl_1.11887.
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Introduction: The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common lesion in infants. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) is standard for PDA imaging. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is often used for complex anatomy and for procedural planning. Very limited data exist on use of 3DE of the PDA in infants despite its value in planning interventions. We aim to determine the agreement between 2DE and 3DE in measuring PDAs in infants. Hypothesis: Significant agreement exists between 2DE and 3DE for PDA measurements. Methods: Infants with a known PDA underwent 2DE and 3DE imaging by an IRB-approved protocol. Subjects were <1 year old, >32 weeks corrected gestation (CGA), >1kg, and clinically stable. Parasternal short axis (PSAX) and suprasternal notch (SSN) PDA images were taken. Two blinded observers measured the pulmonic (PA) and aortic (Ao) end of the PDA. Interobserver variability was assessed by interclass correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman (BA), and coefficient of variability (COA). 2DE to 3DE agreement was assessed by BA. Results: For 19 subjects acquired, median CGA 38.0 weeks (IQR 35.6-39.1), median weight 3.07kg (IQR 2.83-4.34). ICC for 2DE and 3DE in all views was >0.98 with narrow limits of agreement (LOA) (Table 1). BA showed low bias and narrow LOA. COA was <3.6%. Paired 2DE-3DE comparison had low bias and narrow LOA (Table 2). Conclusions: PDA measures by 2DE and 3DE have strong interobserver agreement. Paired 2DE-3DE measures show low bias and variability. A larger cohort will test agreement with variable subject size, ductal size & type, and compare to angiography. Preliminary data show promise for 3DE in future use for PDA procedural planning.
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Albinmousa, Zakariya, Lan-Chau Kha, Alessia D. Carlo, Alton Wong, Andrew Crean, Rachel Wald, William Wilson, and Lucy S. Roche. "Abstract 14692: Evaluation of Subaortic Right Ventricular Function in ccTGA: How Do Echocardiography Parameters Compare to CMR?" Circulation 132, suppl_3 (November 10, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14692.
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Background: Subaortic right ventricular (RV) functional assessment in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is important for both long-term outcome and as an indication for tricuspid valve replacement. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is considered the reference standard for assessment of subaortic RV systolic function. However, two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) remains the most frequently used imaging modality in clinical practice. Objective: To compare 2DE and CMR parameters of RV function in patients with ccTGA. Methods: We identified adults (≥18) with the diagnosis of ccTGA who underwent consecutive CMR and 2DE imaging within 6 months between 2005 and 2015. Patients with tricuspid valve replacement or pacemaker were excluded. 2DE images were reviewed and the following RV parameters re-measured by a single observer: fractional area shortening (FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (Ts’), the rate of systolic RV pressure increase (dp/dt) and myocardial acceleration during isovolumic contraction (IVA). RVEF as measured by CMR was recorded. Results: There were 82 matched 2DE and CMR studies in 42 ccTGA patients (50% male). Median age at 2DE was 33.1 years (IQR = 22.7- 48.2 year). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a weak correlation between FAC and RVEF (r 2 =0.143, p=0.0005). Other 2DE parameters failed to show any correlation with RVEF (Figure 1). Conclusion: In general, 2DE parameters for the assessment of subaortic RV systolic function correlate poorly with CMR measured RVEF in patients with ccTGA. This is important information for selection and interpretation of various modalities in the long-term follow-up of this patient population.
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Pilania, Rakesh Kumar, Pallavi L. Nadig, Suprit Basu, Reva Tyagi, Abarna Thangaraj, Ridhima Aggarwal, Munish Arora, Arun Sharma, Surjit Singh, and Manphool Singhal. "Congenital anomalies of coronary artery misdiagnosed as coronary dilatations in Kawasaki disease: A clinical predicament." World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 14, no. 1 (March 9, 2025). https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v14.i1.99177.
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BACKGROUND 2D-echocardiography (2DE) has been the primary imaging modality in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) to assess coronary arteries. AIM To report the presence and implications of incidental congenital coronary artery anomalies that had been misinterpreted as coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) on 2DE. METHODS Records of children diagnosed with KD, who underwent computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) at our center between 2013-2023 were reviewed. We identified 3 children with congenital coronary artery anomalies in this cohort on CTCA. Findings of CTCA and 2DE were compared in these 3 children. RESULTS Of the 241 patients with KD who underwent CTCA, 3 (1.24%) had congenital coronary artery anomalies on CTCA detected incidentally. In all 3 patients, baseline 2DE had identified CAAs. CTCA was then performed for detailed evaluation as per our unit protocol. One (11-year-boy) amongst the 3 patients had complete KD, while the other two (3.3-year-boy; 4-month-girl) had incomplete KD. CTCA revealed separate origins of left anterior descending artery and left circumflex from left sinus [misinterpreted as dilated left main coronary artery (LCA) on 2DE], single coronary artery (interpreted as dilated LCA on 2DE) and dilated right coronary artery on 2DE in case of anomalous origin of LCA from the main pulmonary artery. The latter one was subsequently operated upon. CONCLUSION CTCA is essential for detailed assessment of coronary arteries in children with KD especially in cases where there is suspicion of congenital coronary artery anomalies. Relying solely on 2DE may not be sufficient in such cases, and findings from CTCA can significantly impact therapeutic decision-making.
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Rella, V., C. Delcea, A. Clement, F. Perelli, M. Tomaselli, M. Penso, A. Buta, et al. "Left ventricular mass by three-dimensional echocardiography is associated with myocardial replacement fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 26, Supplement_1 (January 2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeae333.355.
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Abstract Background In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, quantification of left ventricular (LV) mass carries important prognostic implications. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) has limited accuracy for LV mass calculation, due to plane position errors, geometric assumptions and asymmetric distribution of LV hypertrophy in HCM. Purpose We aimed to explore: (1) the accuracy of three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) vs 2DE to quantify LV mass in HCM compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR); (2) the relationship of 3DE LV mass with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE)≥15% by CMR. Methods In consecutive HCM patients referred to our Cardiomyopathy Clinic between 2020 and 2023, 2DE and 3DE were used to assess LV mass. LV systolic function was assessed by 3DE ejection fraction (LVEF) and peak global 2D longitudinal strain (2DGLS). Clinical, 24h ECG Holter and CMR data were collected. Results A total of 180 HCM patients (pts, age 58±18 years, 55% men) were enrolled. Apical HCM was present in 56 pts (31%) and obstructive HCM in 69 pts (38%). Maximal LV wall thickness (MWT) by 2DE was 19.5±4.6 mm. LV mass was 150±51 g/m2 by 2DE, 80±25 g/m2 by 3DE, and 79±26 g/m2 by CMR. Fifty-seven pts (32%) had evidence of NSVT at ECG Holter monitoring. LGE≥15% was present in 32% pts. Aim #1: In a subset of 63 pts who underwent CMR, 3DE LV mass was strongly correlated with CMR LV mass (r=0.85, p&lt;0.001), while 2DE LV mass was not (p=0.38). LV mass by 3DE showed a better agreement with LV mass (bias 3.8 g/m2, LOA -25 to 32 g/m2) by CMR than 2DE (bias 68 g/m2, LOA -35 to 172 g/m2). Aim #2: In the entire cohort, 3DE LV mass had a stronger association compared to 2DE LV mass with the presence of LGE≥15% (AUC 0.68 for 3DE versus 0.56 for 2DE, p=0.08) and NSVT (AUC 0.65 for 3DE versus 0.54 for 2DE, p=0.06). By multivariable analysis, LV mass by 3DE was an independent predictor of LGE≥15% (HR 1.03) and of NSVT (HR 1.03), outperforming 2DGLS and MWT in the latter regression. Using the Youden Index from ROC curve, the optimal cutoff for predicting LGE≥15% using 3DE mass was 87 g/m² (sensitivity 47%, specificity 91%). The addition of 3DE LV mass to a model including 2DE MWT, 2DE LV mass and 2DGLS had a significant incremental value for the prediction of LGE≥15% (Figure 1). Conclusions In HCM patients, LV mass by 3DE was strongly correlated to LV mass by CMR and was an independent predictor of significant LV myocardial fibrosis and ventricular arrhythmias. In centers with low access to CMR, implementation of 3DE to measure LV mass in HCM patients may improve arrhythmic risk stratification compared to 2DE.
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Fisicaro, Samantha, Denisa Muraru, Sorina Mihaila Baldea, Davide Genovese, Michele Tomaselli, Francesca Heilbron, Mara Gavazzoni, et al. "920 ASSOCIATION OF OUTCOME WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES AND EJECTION FRACTION MEASURED WITH TWO-AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR ROUTINE, CLINICALLY INDICATED STUDIES." European Heart Journal Supplements 24, Supplement_K (December 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac121.242.
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Abstract Background LV volumes and LVEF measured by 3DE are more accurate and repeatable than those calculated with 2DE. However, the added prognostic value of 3DE LV volumes and EF remains to be clarified. Objectives To analyze if the left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) have an incremental prognostic value over measurements obtained from two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in patients referred to a high-volume echocardiography laboratory. Methods We measured LV volumes and EF using both 2DE and 3DE in 725 consecutive patients (67% men; 59±18 years) with various clinical indications referred for a routine clinical study. Results LV volumes were significantly larger, and EF was lower when measured by 3DE than 2DE. During follow-up (3.6±1.2 years), 111 (15.3%) all-cause deaths and 248 (34.2%) cardiac hospitalizations occurred. Larger LV volumes and lower EF were associated with worse otcome independent of age, creatinine, hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart diseases). In stepwise Cox regression analyses, the association of both death and cardiac hospitalization with clinical data (CD: age, creatinine, hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease) whose Harrel's C-index (HC) was 0.775, were augmented more by the LV volumes and EF obtained by 3DE than by 2DE parameters. The association of CD with death was not affected by LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) either measured by 2DE or 3DE. Conversely, it was incremented by 3DE LVEF (HC= 0.84, p&lt;.001) more than 2DE LVEF (HC= 0.814, p&lt;0.001). The association of CD with the cumulative endpoint (HC= 0.64, p=0.002) was augments more by 3DE LV EDV (HC= 0.786, p&lt;0.001), end-systolic volume (HC= 0.801, p&lt;0.001), and EF (HC= 0.84, p&lt;0.001) than by the correspondent 2DE parameters (HC= 0.786, HC= 0.796, and 0.84, allp&lt;0.001) In addition, partition values for mild, moderate and severe reduction of the LVEF measured by 3DE showed a higher discriminative power than those measured by 2DE for cardiac death (Log-Rank: χ2=98.3 vs. χ2=77.1; p&lt;0.001). Finally, LV dilation defined according to the 3DE threshold values showed higher discriminatory power and prognostic value for cardiac death than when using 2DE reference values (3DE LVEDV: χ2=15.9, p&lt;0.001 vs. χ2=10.8, p=0.001; 3DE LVESV: χ2=24.4, p&lt;0.001 vs. χ2=17.4, p=0.001). Conclusions 3DE LVEF and ESV showed stronger association with outcome than 2DE parameters LVEF measured by 3DE had a prognostic discriminatory power than 2D LVEF. Moreover, 3DE LV volumes threshold values for LV dilation had a higher discriminatory power and prognostic value than the corresponding 2DE values reported in current guidelines.
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"The Comparison Of Measurements On Chest X-Ray For Patients With Pectus Deformity." Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 5, no. 2 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.5580/2de.
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Muraru, Denisa, Sorina Mihaila Baldea, Davide Genovese, Michele Tomaselli, Francesca Heilbron, Mara Gavazzoni, Noela Radu, et al. "Association of outcome with left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction measured with two- and three-dimensional echocardiography in patients referred for routine, clinically indicated studies." Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 9 (December 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.1065131.
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ObjectivesWe sought to analyze if left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) have incremental prognostic value over measurements obtained from two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in patients referred to a high-volume echocardiography laboratory for routine, clinically-indicated studies.MethodsWe measured LV volumes and EF using both 2DE and 3DE in 725 consecutive patients (67% men; 59 ± 18 years) with various clinical indications referred for a routine clinical study.ResultsLV volumes were significantly larger, and EF was lower when measured by 3DE than 2DE. During follow-up (3.6 ± 1.2 years), 111 (15.3%) all-cause deaths and 248 (34.2%) cardiac hospitalizations occurred. Larger LV volumes and lower EF were associated with worse outcome independent of age, creatinine, hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart diseases). In stepwise Cox regression analyses, the associations of both death and cardiac hospitalization with clinical data (CD: age, creatinine, hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, and ischemic heart disease) whose Harrel’s C-index (HC) was 0.775, were augmented more by the LV volumes and EF obtained by 3DE than by 2DE parameters. The association of CD with death was not affected by LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) either measured by 2DE or 3DE. Conversely, it was incremented by 3DE LVEF (HC = 0.84, p &lt; 0.001) more than 2DE LVEF (HC = 0.814, p &lt; 0.001). The association of CD with the composite endpoint (HC = 0.64, p = 0.002) was augmented more by 3DE LV EDV (HC = 0.786, p &lt; 0.001), end-systolic volume (HC = 0.801, p &lt; 0.001), and EF (HC = 0.84, p &lt; 0.001) than by the correspondent 2DE parameters (HC = 0.786, HC = 0.796, and 0.84, all p &lt; 0.001) In addition, partition values for mild, moderate and severe reduction of the LVEF measured by 3DE showed a higher discriminative power than those measured by 2DE for cardiac death (Log-Rank: χ2 = 98.3 vs. χ2 = 77.1; p &lt; 0.001). Finally, LV dilation defined according to the 3DE threshold values showed higher discriminatory power and prognostic value for death than when using 2DE reference values (3DE LVEDV: χ2 = 15.9, p &lt; 0.001 vs. χ2 = 10.8, p = 0.001; 3DE LVESV: χ2 = 24.4, p &lt; 0.001 vs. χ2 = 17.4, p = 0.001).ConclusionIn patients who underwent routine, clinically-indicated echocardiography, 3DE LVEF and ESV showed stronger association with outcome than the corresponding 2DE parameters.
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Memis, H., S. Mihaila Baldea, D. Mihalcea, D. Dodita, A. Andreescu, D. Vasile, A. Velcea, I. S. Visoiu, and D. Vinereanu. "Short period of training in 3D echocardiography provides good feasibility and reproducibility of right ventricular assessment in heart failure." European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 24, Supplement_1 (June 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jead119.226.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): PROHEART 3D. Background Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity. Standard approach for assessing is 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). However, 2DE is prone to errors due to increased variability of the anatomical cut-planes and geometrical assumptions due to the complex triangular and "wrapped-around" RV shape. Meanwhile, 2DE reflects mainly the RV longitudinal function, at the expense of the radial and global RV functions. 3D echocardiography (3DE) enabled itself as a more accurate method for assessment of cardiac volumes and calculation of ejection fraction (EF), but with a cumbersome learning time-curve. Objectives To establish if trainees in 3DE provide feasible and reproducible 3D measurements of RV size and function, by comparison to 2DE assessment, after a short period of training by an expert in echocardiography. Methods 161 consecutive patients (58±17 years, 71% males, 3D left ventricular EF 35±10%), hospitalized for heart failure (HF), underwent standard precordial 2DE acquisitions and 3DE multi-beat full-volumes of the RV. One expert in both 2DE and 3DE, and one fellow trained for 2 years in 2DE and for 3 months in 3DE, performed measurements of both 2DE and 3DE parameters for RV size and function, in a blinded fashion. 2DE parameters were measured first, in the following order: RV diameter, RV end-diastolic (RVED) and end-systolic (RVES) areas, RV fractional area change (RV FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), tricuspid annular systolic velocity (RV S’), and RV free wall longitudinal strain (RV LS). Then, 3D RVED and RVES volumes were measured, and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated, using a semi-automated software package. Endocardial borders were corrected, as needed. Results Feasibility of 2DE and 3DE was 97% and 92%, respectively, patients being excluded due to poor quality images, similarly for expert vs. trainee. Mean RVED volume was 94.0±30.6 ml/m2, and mean RVEF was 37.3±9.6%. Reproducibility of 2DE parameters obtained by the expert vs. trainee were good for the assessment of RV longitudinal function (TAPSE, RV S', and RV LS), but suboptimal for the assessment of RV size and global function (RV diameter, RV areas, and RV FAC) (Table). Reproducibility of 3DE parameters obtained by the expert vs. trainee were also good, even after a short period of training (3 months) (Table). Conclusions A short period of training in 3DE provides a good feasibility and reproducibility of the assessment of RV size and function, in a large cohort of hospitalized patients with HF. 3DE might be a more reliable method than 2D for the initial assessment of patients with HF.
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Al Saikhan, L., C. Park, T. Tillin, S. Williams, J. Mayet, N. Chaturvedi, and A. Hughes. "P2444Comparison of 3D and 2D echocardiography-derived indices of left ventricular function and structure to predict long-term mortality in the general population: Southall And Brent Revisited (SABRE) study." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0776.
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Abstract Background Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) may have advantages over two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) function and structure. However, studies comparing 3DE and 2DE-derived indices in relation to mortality are limited, particularly in the general population. Purpose We examined associations between 2DE and 3DE-derived LV ejection fractions (LVEF) and volumes for all-cause mortality in a population-based sample. Methods A total of 899 individuals (age, 69.6±6.1 years; 77.5%male) from the SABRE study, a UK-based tri-ethnic community cohort, underwent a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography examination. 2D LVEF and volumes were calculated, and full-volume 3D LV datasets acquired over 4 sub-volumes were obtained using a matrix-array transducer and were analysed offline using Qlab advanced, v7.0. The associations between both 2D- and 3D-derived LVEF (≥55% vs. <55%), body surface area indexed end-diastolic volume (iEDV) and end-systolic volume (iESV), and all-cause mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of the 899 individuals, 118 (13.1%) died over a median follow-up period of 8 years to 2018. Kaplan Meier survival estimates (Figure 1 illustrates LVEF) and Cox regression revealed that 2D and 3D LVEF, iEDV and iESV were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (LVEF (≥55% vs. <55%), 3DE: HR=0.53 (0.35, 0.80); 2DE: HR=0.51 (0.34, 0.75), iEDV (per 1SD increment), 3DE: HR=1.20 (1.0, 1.41); 2DE: HR=1.19 (1.0–1.41), iESV (per 1SD increment), 3DE: HR=1.27 (1.1, 1.52), 2DE: HR=1.32 (1.15, 0.1.51)). However, 3DE associations tended to be stronger in models adjusted for classical risk factors including age, sex, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol:HDL ratio, body mass index, antihypertensive medications, diabetes, and smoking (LVEF (≥55% vs. <55%), 3DE: HR=0.59 (0.39, 0.90); 2DE: HR=0.69 (0.46, 1.0), iEDV (per 1SD increment), 3DE: HR=1.20 (1.0, 1.41); 2DE: HR=1.10 (0.93, 1.31), iESV (per 1SD increment), 3DE: HR=1.27 (1.1, 1.52), 2DE: HR=1.20 (1.04, 0.1.39)). Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier curves. Conclusions In this population-based study, both 2DE and 3DE-derived indices of LV structure and function were associated with all-cause mortality independently of classical risk factors, with some indication that strengths of association were greater for 3DE-derived indices. Acknowledgement/Funding SABRE is funded by BHF, Diabetes UK, the MRC and the Wellcome Trust. LA holds a scholarship grant from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, SA
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Liu, B., W. Wu, Z. Liu, H. Wang, J. He, and C. Xiong. "P4363The predictive capacity of two- and three-dimensional echocardiography detected right ventricular strain in disease severity of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension." European Heart Journal 40, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0768.
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Abstract Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients have poor prognosis due to progressive right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. As a low-cost and non-invasive tool, echocardiography is by far the most widely used technique to investigate the RV structure and function in PH patients. Recent studies showed that RV longitudinal strain (RVLS) measured by two- or three-dimensional echocardiography (2DE, 3DE) was correlated with RV function parameters and have the potential to predict the prognosis of PH patients. However, few studies have compared the value of 2DE- and 3DE- RVLS to predict disease severity of pre-capillary PH patients. Therefore, our study aims to compare the capacity of RVLS assessed by 3DE and 2DE in predicting disease severity of pre-capillary PH patients. Methods We consecutively enrolled 57 patients (18 males and 39 females, 35±13 years) with pre-capillary PH diagnosed by right heart catheterization in our center. Standard transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all participants. 2DE- RVLS were obtained from speckle-tracking analyses using GE EchoPAC version 201; while 3DE- RVLS were analyzed by TomTec 4D RV-Function 2.0. On the basis of the risk assessment strategy of 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension, all the participants were classified into low risk or intermediate-high risk groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between RVLS and peak oxygen consumption (PVO2). In addition, receive operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to compare the predictive values of 2DE- and 3DE-RVLS and identify the optimal cut points for the detection of low risk based on the risk assessment strategy of 2015 ESC Guidelines. Results Linear regression analyses showed a significant correlation between PVO2 and 2DE- RVLS (r=−0.484, P<0.001), while a relatively weaker correlation was observed between PVO2 and 3DE- RVLS (r=−0.299, P=0.024). ROC curve showed 2DE-RVEF had a better capacity to classify pre-capillary PH patients into low or intermediate-high risk groups (2DE- vs 3DE-: AUC=0.78, P=0.003 vs AUC=0.69, P=0.044). Optimal cut-offs found 2DE-RVEF <−13.85% had a 73.3% sensibility and 75.0% specificity to predict low risk. Conclusions Both two- and three-dimensional echocardiography detected RVLS had the potential to evaluate disease severity of pre-capillary PH patients, but the former may have a better predictive capacity.
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Florescu, Diana Ruxandra, Luigi Paolo Badano, Michele Tomaselli, Camilla Torlasco, Georgica Tartea, Cristina Florescu, Valentina Volpato, Gianfranco Parati, and Denisa Muraru. "314 Automated left atrial volume measurement by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiograpy. Feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility." European Heart Journal Supplements 23, Supplement_G (December 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/suab132.020.
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Abstract Aims A by-product of left atrial (LA) strain analysis is the automated measurement of LA maximal volume (LAVmax), which may decrease the time of echocardiography reporting, and increase the reproducibility of the LAVmax measurement. However, the automated measurement of LAVmax by two-dimensional speckle-tracking analysis (2DSTE) has never been validated. Accordingly, we sought to: (i) assess the feasibility of automated LAVmax measurement by 2DSTE; (ii) compare the automated LAVmax by 2DSTE with conventional two-dimensional (2DE) biplane and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) measurements; and (iii) evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the three echocardiography techniques. Methods and results LAVmax (34–197 ml) were obtained from 198/210 (feasibility 94%) consecutive patients with various cardiac diseases (median age 67 years, 126 men) by 2DSTE, 2DE, and 3DE. 2DE and 2DSTE measurements resulted in similar LAVmax values (bias = 1.5 ml, limits of agreement, LOA ± 7.5 ml), and slightly underestimated 3DE LAVmax (biases = −5 ml, LOA ± 17 ml, and −6 ml, LOA ± 16 ml, respectively). LAVmax by 2DSTE and 2DE were strongly correlated to those obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) (r = 0.946, and r = 0.935, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). However, LAVmax obtained by 2DSTE (bias = −9.5 ml, LOA ± 16 ml) and 2DE (bias = −8 ml, LOA ± 17 ml) were significantly smaller than those measured by CMR. Conversely, 3DE LAVmax were similar to CMR (bias = −2 ml, LOA ± 10 ml). Excellent intra- and inter-observer intraclass correlations were found for 3DE (0.995 and 0.995), 2DE (0.990 and 0.988), and 2DSTE (0.990 and 0.989). Conclusions Automated LAVmax measurement by 2DSTE is highly feasible, highly reproducible, and provided similar values to conventional 2DE calculations in consecutive patients with a wide range of LAVmax.