Relevant bibliographies by topics / 2WW

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic '2WW'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "2WW"

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Marzouk, Sherief, Benjamin W. Lamb, Andrew Harris, Ali Jibran Mecci, Jo Han Gan, Paula Allchorne, and James SA Green. "A retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer referred with visible haematuria: the impact of source of referral on prognostic indicators." Journal of Clinical Urology 7, no. 6 (April 14, 2014): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415814522036.

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Objective: Our aim was to establish whether there is a difference in prognostic indicators for bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) between the patients referred via the 2-week wait (2WW) and those presenting to the emergency department (ED). Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients referred with visible haematuria, comparing tumour stage and grade between patients diagnosed with bladder UC via the ED and 2WW at two London hospitals. Results: From 09/2009−09/2011, 51 patients referred from the ED, and 146 from the 2WW clinic were diagnosed with bladder UC. Regarding tumour stage: 57% of the ED group had muscle-invasive UC compared with 23% from 2WW ( p=0.001). Regarding tumour grade: 82% of the ED group had G3 tumours, versus 54% from 2WW ( p<0.001). ED referrals were significantly older than those from the 2WW ( p<0.001). Conclusions: Patients with UC who present as emergencies had worse prognostic indicators and were older than those referred from the 2WW pathway. This supports the need for the inclusion of haematuria in the out-of-hours urology guidelines within the Acute Oncology Service.
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Samarasinghe, M., F. Chariah, C. Desilva, and A. Koutsoumpas. "P242 Newly diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients referred via the Straight To Test Lower GI two week wait pathway, Single Centre Study." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.368.

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Abstract Background Fast track or 2-week wait Lower GI pathways (2ww LGI), including Straight To Test or Straight To Colonoscopy 2ww LGI (2ww LGI STT) for patients with suspected Colorectal Cancer (CRC), have been extensively implemented in the UK. Approximately 3.9% of patients referred via the 2ww LGI will get a new diagnosis of IBD; once CRC has been excluded however, there is no standardised pathway for the management of those newly IBD pts. We implemented in 2019 in our Trust a new service structure for rapid access of those new IBD patients to IBD clinics, with emphasis to Nurse Led IBD clinics. In this study we aimed to look at real world data for the management of those new IBD pts in a large district hospital. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for all newly (endoscopically) diagnosed IBD patients referred from the 2ww LGI STT service, between January 2019 and March 2020, at Chase Farm and Barnet Hospitals (BCF). Results There has been a steady increase over time in the number of new IBD pts identified via the 2ww LGI STT and referred to BCF IBD service. A total of 168 patients were referred to BCF IBD service via this pathway over the above 14 months. Within the first 2–4 weeks after colonoscopy, 86% patients were seen in the IBD Nurse led clinic. The remaining patients were seen within 6–8 weeks either in IBD Nurse or Consultants clinics. Approximately 11% of patients were not started on any medication at the time of colonoscopy. The remaining patients were commenced on either Steroid or 5ASAs post colonoscopy, in accordance with our local pathway. Biologic treatments or immunosuppressants were required for 18% of those patients during the above timeframe. Conclusion 2ww LGI STT identifies a significant number of newly diagnosed IBD patients in our Trust. 2WW LGI endoscopists of different levels and backgrounds (medical, surgical, nurses, fellows, insourced) should be aware of the first line IBD therapies and relevant IBD pathways, and prescribe those in Endoscopy Unit. Advanced Nurse IBD clinics are an integral part of the IBD service, especially for newly diagnosed IBD patients via the 2ww LGI STT.
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Barwick, TW, S. Murray, and C. Gerrand. "Impact of 'Two-Week Wait' Referrals for Suspected Bone or Soft Tissue Sarcoma." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x506829.

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The two-week wait (2ww) process has been in force since 2000 as part of the reform of cancer services in the NHS to ensure timely specialist review of patients with suspected cancer. In addition, more recently implemented waiting time standards dictate that for an urgent GP referral under the 2ww the time to diagnosis (decision to treat) should be less than 1 month (31-day rule) and from December 2005 the total time allowable from referral to treatment has been no more than two months (62-day rule). The Department of Health (DH) guidelines for referral under the 2ww have been unaltered since their inception (Figure 1).
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Fallon, Matthew, Md Tanveer Adil, Kasim Ahmed, Douglas Whitelaw, Farhan Rashid, and Periyathambi Jambulingam. "Impact of ‘two-week wait’ referral pathway on the diagnosis, treatment and survival in upper and lower gastrointestinal cancers." Postgraduate Medical Journal 95, no. 1127 (May 30, 2019): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-136507.

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BackgroundThe ‘two-week wait’(2WW) referral pathway was introduced in the United Kingdom to reduce waiting times for treatment of cancer. There has been a debate regarding the efficacy of 2WW pathway since its implementation.MethodsA singleinstitutional analysis of upper gastrointestinal(UGI) and lower gastrointestinal(LGI) malignancies treated between 1April 2015 and 31March 2017 was undertaken to analyse the impact of 2WWreferral pathway on the diagnosis, treatment and survival.Results2WW referral does not achieve an earlier diagnosis compared with non-2WW routes of referral in UGI (χ2(3)=2.6, p=0.458) and LGI (χ2(3)=0.884, p=0.829) malignancies. 2WW referral does not lead to an improvement in curative treatment in UGI (OR1.48, 95%CI0.68to3.21, p=0.321) and LGI (OR1.59, 95%CI0.97to2.62, p=0.067) malignancies. No improvement in survival is seen in UGI (HR0.99, 95%CI0.56to1.75, p=0.963) and LGI (HR1.10, 95%CI0.60to1.99, p=0.764) malignancies by virtue of 2WW referral. Emergency presentation is the most common presenting route in UGI malignancy(40%) and is associated with poor survival (HR0.55, 95%CI0.30to0.97, p=0.045).Non-emergency route of presentation is associated with higher rates of curative treatment in UGI malignancies (OR3.49, 95%CI1.57to7.76, p=0.002). Lower rate of curative treatment (OR 0.27, 95%CI0.16to0.43, p<0.001) and poor survival (HR0.44, 95%CI0.26to0.76, p=0.003) is also observed in emergency presentation of LGI malignancy(29%) which is the secondmost common route of presentation in this group.Conclusion2WW referral does not achieve early diagnosis nor does it lead to an improvement in the rate of curative treatment in UGI and LGI malignancies. No improvement in short-term survival is seen in UGI malignancies nor in LGI malignancies on multivariate analysis by virtue of 2WW referral.
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Vulliamy, P., S. McCluney, S. Raouf, and S. Banerjee. "Trends in urgent referrals for suspected colorectal cancer: an increase in quantity, but not in quality." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 8 (November 2016): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0273.

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INTRODUCTION An understanding of the volume of incoming referrals to a colorectal cancer (CRC) service is essential for adequate delivery of service. We hypothesised that the number of 2-week-wait (2WW) referrals has increased over recent years, with a concomitant increase in demand for endoscopic and imaging investigations. METHODS A retrospective review of all referrals from primary care with suspected malignancy to Barking, Havering and Redbridge NHS Trust (BHRNHST, London, UK) from 2009 to 2014 was undertaken. Annual numbers of CRC diagnoses, colonoscopies and CT scans among these patients were reviewed. Linear regression models were used to determine the significance of observed trends. RESULTS Annual number of 2WW referrals for all cancers increased steadily from 14,031 to 19,983 during the study period (p<0.01). Referrals for suspected CRC increased from 1,706 to 2,874 (p=0.02). Number of colonoscopies and CT scans carried out in 2WW patients also increased significantly. Proportion of patients referred as a 2WW diagnosed with CRC decreased from 7.9% in 2009 to 4.7% in 2014 (p=0.02). DISCUSSION Number of referrals for suspected cancer from primary care to BHRNHST is increasing steadily, which has implications for service provision. Prevalence of cancer diagnoses from these referrals is decreasing. CONCLUSIONS There has been a sustained and substantial increase in the number of urgent referrals for suspected CRC at BHRNHST over recent years, without an increase in the number of resulting cancer diagnoses.
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Thomas, M., K. Cookson, R. Clark, L. Pearce, J. Fox, and A. Price. "472 A PILOT COLORECTAL AND GERIATRIC MEDICINE (CGM) CLINIC FOR OLDER, FRAIL PATIENTS REFERRED VIA A 2 WEEK WAIT PATHWAY." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_2 (June 2021): ii8—ii13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab116.08.

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Abstract Introduction The two week wait (2ww) colorectal referral pathway was introduced to expedite referrals where cancer is suspected, facilitating prompt diagnosis +/− intervention. Older frail patients are referred via this 2ww pathway even when invasive testing and intervention may not be appropriate. These patients may benefit more from holistic assessment than a universally surgical approach. A Colorectal and Geriatric Medicine (CGM) 2ww referral clinic was piloted, delivered by an urgent referral colorectal specialist nurse and an advanced clinical practitioner in geriatric medicine. Method Patients &gt;65 years with a Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 5 or more at referral were directed to the CGM clinic. A telephone consultation was undertaken, incorporating both 2ww assessment and aspects of comprehensive geriatric assessment. Results 42-patients were reviewed in the clinic. Mean age was 86.1 years and mean CFS 6. 12-patients underwent CT, and 2 CT virtual colonoscopy. No patients underwent endoscopic investigation and 28-patients declined any investigation. Of those who underwent investigation, no cancers were identified. 1 patient was referred on for endosocpic mucosal resection of polyps. 5-patients had severe diverticular disease, which accounted for their symptoms. Medication recommendations were made for 30-patients, some of which led to symptom cessation. Onward referrals were made to a community geriatrician, diabetes and continence teams, and palliative care specialists. 9-patients were identified as meeting criteria for advance care planning. This was commenced during the consultation and communicated back to the referring clinician for further action. Conclusion Older, frail patients are often not able, nor wish to undergo, invasive investigations but should not be disadvantaged or delayed in their pathway. Further work is needed to determine the most appropriate referral pathway for this group of patients. Holistic assessment that leads to improvement in symptoms and future planning may not be achievable through a solely surgical assessment.
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Bromley, Rachael, and Karen Cock. "Setting up a nurse-led bowel ‘two week wait’ service." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 16 (September 12, 2019): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.16.1063.

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Patients who present to their GP with ‘red flag’ symptoms for possible bowel cancer (such as change in bowel habit or rectal bleeding) are urgently referred to an acute trust as a ‘2 week wait’ (2WW) patient and require assessment and investigation in an efficient and timely manner. The burden that is created by ever increasing numbers of referrals requires a service that is reliable and flexible in meeting demand. This article presents the development of a nurse-led 2WW service that was implemented as a direct result of this pressure. The development of the national guideline is discussed and the rationale for a nurse-led service is provided, along with the processes followed to ensure patient safety. The inclusion of a telephone side to service provision is also examined and the challenges faced by the team are discussed.
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Bennett, J., A. Greenwood, P. Durdey, and D. Glancy. "Prevalence of pelvic floor symptoms in female patients attending the two-week wait clinic with suspected colorectal cancer." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 98, no. 6 (July 2016): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2016.0147.

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Introduction The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of pelvic floor symptoms in women referred to a colorectal two-week wait (2WW) clinic with suspected colorectal cancer. Methods A questionnaire assessing faecal incontinence (FI) (Wexner score) and obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) (Renzi score) was offered to 98 consecutive female patients attending a colorectal 2WW clinic at a single trust. Results Overall, 56 (57%) of the 98 patients had significant ODS and/or FI (scores >9/20), 33 (34%) had ODS and 40 (41%) had FI. Seventeen patients (17%) had both ODS and FI. Analysis of the 63 patients referred with a change in bowel habit (CIBH) showed 40 (63%) to be Renzi and/or Wexner positive compared with 16 (46%) of the 35 patients who presented without CIBH (p=0.095, Fisher’s exact test). Further analysis showed that 31 (78%) of the 40 patients with FI presented with CIBH compared with 32 (55%) of the 58 without FI (p=0.032). In terms of ODS, 23 (70%) of the 33 patients with ODS presented with CIBH compared with 40 (62%) of the 65 without ODS (p=0.506). Conclusions Over half of the female patients attending our colorectal 2WW clinic had significant pelvic floor dysfunction (FI/ODS), which may account for their symptoms (especially in the CIBH referral category). While it is important for malignancy to be excluded, many patients may benefit from investigation and management of their pelvic floor dysfunction as the cause for their presenting symptoms.
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Price, Sarah, Anne Spencer, Antonieta Medina-Lara, and Willie Hamilton. "Availability and use of cancer decision-support tools: a cross-sectional survey of UK primary care." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 684 (May 7, 2019): e437-e443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x703745.

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BackgroundDecision-support tools quantify the risk of undiagnosed cancer in symptomatic patients, and may help GPs when making referrals.AimTo quantify the availability and use of cancer decision-support tools (QCancer® and risk assessment tools) and to explore the association between tool availability and 2-week-wait (2WW) referrals for suspected cancer.Design and settingA cross-sectional postal survey in UK primary care.MethodsOut of 975 UK randomly selected general practices, 4600 GPs and registrars were invited to participate. Outcome measures included the proportions of UK general practices where cancer decision-support tools are available and at least one GP uses the tool. Weighted least-squares linear regression with robust errors tested the association between tool availability and number of 2WW referrals, adjusting for practice size, sex, age, and Index of Multiple Deprivation.ResultsIn total, 476 GPs in 227 practices responded (response rates: practitioner, 10.3%; practice, 23.3%). At the practice level, 83/227 (36.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.3 to 43.1) practices had at least one GP or registrar with access to cancer decision-support tools. Tools were available and likely to be used in 38/227 (16.7%, 95% CI = 12.1 to 22.2) practices. In subgroup analyses of 172 English practices, there was no difference in mean 2WW referral rate between practices with tools and those without (mean adjusted difference in referrals per 100 000: 3.1, 95% CI = −5.5 to 11.7).ConclusionThis is the first survey of cancer decision-support tool availability and use. It suggests that the tools are an underused resource in the UK. Given the cost of cancer investigation, a randomised controlled trial of such clinical decision-support aids would be appropriate.
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Richards, Charlotte. "The 2WW System for Oral Cancer - How effective?" British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 57, no. 10 (December 2019): e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.033.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2WW"

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Frigård, Kevin. "Försvaret som glömdes bort : en studie av Per-Albin linjen/Skånelinjen och potentialen i modern arkeologi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386600.

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The Swedish memory is often strong about things that happened during the Second World War where the Atlantic Wall is often an remembered example. But many parts of our own history surrounding this conflict is more or less forgotten. One such part is the Per-Albin line in Skåne and Blekinge that was Swedens first line of defence against the Third Reich. The remains of these fortifications have today can still be found in the Swedish terrain. But when the Per-Albin line have been described it has been out of a historical perspective but not from an archaeological perspective. Because of this we miss the information that the remains of these once important structures made of concrete meant for Sweden during a dark time of the 20th-century. Remains from the Per-Albin line will be analyzed with archaeological methods and maps to find removed and forgotten defensives made of concrete and other materials to see the preservation conditions of the defensive line today. The background material consists of the history of the defensive line and the men and women that inhabited places in the Per-Albin linje and. The material that is presented in the text is from different places in Blekinge,Vägga Udde,Boön and Kärringaberget. The text attempts to incorporate the use of using maps to find the remnants of the the constructions. This work also takes up the methods that the government uses to preserve parts the line for the future and also the methods the government uses to handle the structures in other ways. The main point of this paper is to bring the practices of battlefield archaeology into light by showing how it can be used and the gains of using it on modern remnants of war.
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Kakarlapudi, Purushotham Raju. "High temperature oxidation response of Nb-20W-10Cr alloy in air." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Ferreira, André Tavares. "Otimização de planilhas de corte laser fibra 2kW com cabeçote 2D." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23690.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
O problema de a nação de planilhas de corte em máquinas corte laser é um fator que condiciona a qualidade de corte em peças metálicas. Neste Projeto, em colaboração com uma unidade industrial, explora-se planilhas de corte de duas máquinas corte laser com tecnologia bra de 2kW com cabeçote 2D. Faz-se um estudo de 3 casos distintos, compara-se planilhas máquina com as a nações. Cria-se um modelo de a nação de planilhas a partir da análise da in uência dos parâmetros de corte e do estudo em laboratório das peças cortadas.
The problem to set tecnological parameters in cutting laser machines is a condition to the cut quality of metal parts. In this Project, with an industrial facilitie cooperation, is explored tecnological parameters of two laser ber cutting machines with 2KW and cutting head 2D. Three di erent cases study are selected, a comparation is made between machine techonlogical parameters and technological parameters settings. A setting technological parameters method is created according laboratory measurements where techonological cutting parameters in uence are studied on the parts cut quality.
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Presa, Daniela. "Investigation of cytochrome p450 isoforms 1A1, 1B1 and 2W1 as targets for therapeutic intervention in head and neck cancer. Probing CYP1A1, 1B1 and 2W1 activity with duocarmycin bioprecursors." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18171.

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Mossadeghi, Björklund Per. "Theoretical Design of a Single Phase 2kW Power Supply with 1.5kV DC Output." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246724.

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This 15hp degree project in electrical engineering is carried out at ScandiNova Systems AB in Uppsala, Sweden. The company constructs pulse generators used in areas such as sterilization or radiation therapy. As a step in development they want to design their own power supply for one of their generators instead of purchasing it from an external supplier. This paper is about how to make a theoretical design of a power supply that can use worldwide single-phase AC line input and deliver ~1500V DC output. The paper has a power loss and harmonic theory part and a method part for power inductor calculation etc. The result is a power supply seen from the AC line starting with a second order EMI-filter, a full-wave rectifier bridge, a PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost converter based on the controller UCC28180 from Texas Instruments and a SLR (Series Loaded Resonant) half-bridge converter with control and feedback produced by the company itself. Associated energy efficiency calculations, drawing, component lists and physical design compared to the size of the current power supply and components made in SolidWorks is the design output. The conclusion is that the goal parameters are theoretically fulfilled and realistic but that experimental testing is needed for optimizing the design and control. That is why some of the parameters are changeable for best modifiability later in the product design.
Detta 15hp examensarbete i elektroteknik har utförts på Scandinova Systems AB i Uppsala, Sverige. Deras verksamhet är att bygga pulsgeneratorer som används i områden som sterilisering eller strålbehandling. Som ett steg i utvecklingen vill de utforma sitt eget nätaggregat till en av sina generatorer istället för att köpa den från en extern leverantör. Denna uppsats handlar om hur man gör en teoretisk konstruktion av ett nätaggregat som kan användas i hela världen med enfas växelström på linjeingången och leverera ~1500V på DC-utgången. Uppsatsen har en teoridel om effektförluster och harmoniska övertoner och en metod del om beräkning av induktor etc. Resultatet är ett nätaggregat sedd från AC linjeingång som börjar med ett andra ordningens EMI-filter, en helvågslikriktare, en PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost omvandlare baserad på styrenheten UCC28180 från Texas Instruments och en SLR (Series Loaded Resonant) halvbrygga med styrning och återkoppling som produceras av företaget självt. Energieffektivitetsberäkningar, ritningar, komponentlistor och fysisk utformning jämfört med storleken på det aktuella nätaggregatet och komponenter tillverkade i SolidWorks är projektets utkomst. Slutsatsen är att målparametrarna teoretiskt är uppfyllda och realistiska, men att experimentell testning behövs för att optimera design och kontroll. Det är därför en del av parametrarna är utbytbara för bästa modifierbarhet senare i produktdesignen.
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Al-Dujaili, Ayad. "Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control design for physically linked 2WD mobile robots systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I047/document.

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Dans les environnements difficiles résultant de catastrophes naturelles ou d'accidents industriels, des robots mobiles peuvent être utilisés pour réduire les interventions humaines. Ces robots doivent pouvoir parcourir de longues distances, suivre des trajectoires précises, transporter des matériels et instruments, tout en étant robustes aux perturbations et aux défaillances éventuelles de leurs composants (capteurs, actionneurs). Dans cette thèse, nous considérons des systèmes composés de robots mobiles à deux roues motrices (2WD), reliés physiquement entre eux. Nous proposons des lois de commande permettant au système multi-robot de suivre une trajectoire de référence malgré la présence de défauts d'actionneurs. Différentes commandes tolérantes aux fautes (FTC : Fault Tolerant Control) sont proposées. Certaines sont des commandes dîtes passives, qui sont conçues pour être robustes à des défauts actionneurs sélectionnés, d’autres sont dîtes actives puisqu’elles intègrent un algorithme de diagnostic (observateur adaptatif non linéaire) qui détecte, localise et estime les défauts.Des résultats de simulation sont présentés tout au long de la thèse pour vérifier la validité et montrer les performances des algorithmes de commande tolérante proposés
In harsh environments resulting from natural disasters or industrial accidents, reducing human interventions by increasing robotic operations is desirable. The main challenges to be considered are not only that the robots should be able to go over long distances and operate for relatively long periods, but also make the global system tolerant to actuators’ failures. In this thesis, to overcome these challenges, systems composed of multi-linked two-wheel drive (2WD) mobile robots are considered. The objective of these multi-robot systems is to asymptotically track a reference trajectory, despite the presence of actuator faults. In this thesis, we design original Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes. Some of them are passive methods, i.e. robust control laws to given failures, and other ones are active FTC which include a Fault Diagnosis (FD) algorithm (nonlinear adaptive observer) that detects, localizes and estimates the faults, and finally adapt the control actions to the faulty situations. Simulation results are presented all along the thesis to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithms and to show the performance of the FTC schemes
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de, Albuquerque Martins Ricardo Jorge. "2MW : the wood fuel energy systems conceptual design metamodel : a novel approach to participatory design, contextualised to the case of Mozambique." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23294.

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This research endorsed, built and tested a metamodel, the 2MW: a novel design tool to assist all knowledgeable actors on wood fuel (e.g. firewood users, charcoal makers, policy makers) in the participatory conceptual design of wood fuel energy systems (WES), i.e., in the process of co-conception, co-specification and co-modelling of WES. The 2MW relevance is twofold. First the 2MW fulfils a gap in the portfolio of design tools for WES. Second the conceptual design of WES is a fundamental concern since billions of people in 'Developing Countries' (DCs) rely heavily on WES for energy needs; and the WES are mutually embedded within global priorities, including deforestation and poverty. In the context of this work, Mozambique, over 70% of the population rely exclusively on WES, and the charcoal business has an estimated value of 520million US$/year. Despite the documented drawbacks, the few available or applicable WES design tools simplify the WES complexity into a set of parameters to be optimised/simulated into normative and prescriptive tools, mostly computer based and designed exclusively by/for experts to facilitate the analysis/decision on the transition towards what are considered to be more sustainable, efficient and modern solutions. The 2MW represents a fundamental departure from this energy transitions paradigm in a number of interwoven aspects. Based on systems and design thinking the 2MW embraces WES as a complex design problem favouring full participation, reflective practice, learning, sensemaking and suitability to the intended users and contexts. Therefore, the 2MW is not a parametric simulation model, but a design metamodel made of 13 design elements, which make explicit what WES actors think about when they think about WES design. The 2MW is non-computer based and visually presented as 13 boxes drawn on paper or the ground suitable for low literacy and resource limitations in DCs. The 13 design elements have been derived through ontological analysis of relevant literature and semi-structured interviews with 131 pertinent actors in the WES in Mozambique and elsewhere and the 2MW has been extensively and intensively tested in 7 participatory design workshops conducted in rural and urban Mozambique involving over 50 persons covering a wide range of WES perspectives. The results consistently confirmed: 1) the 13 design elements are meaningful, sufficient and necessary intuitively easy to understand and interact, with 2) the 2MW is an effective, efficient, explicit and interactive common ground/language facilitating the debate, knowledge sharing, sensemaking and learning on participants' terms (by-passing predefined normative and concepts); 3) the WES conceptual designs produced with the 2MW is creative, comprehensive, easily shared and meaningful. Finally, as an efficient and effective tool for WES participatory conceptual design the 2MW is potentially useful to complement other available design tools on wider and more integrated WES design, analysis and implementation.
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Melo, Guilherme de Azevedo e. [UNESP]. "Um sistema eletrônico de 2kW para emulação/simulação experimental da característica estática de saída, tensão (versus) corrente, de sistemas de geração com células combustível tipo PEM." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87239.

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Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um emulador para a característica estática de saída (Tensão versus Corrente) equivalente àquela de fontes de energia com células combustível. O emulador apresenta como vantagens, em relação à aquisição de uma FC, o baixo custo, o reduzido espaço físico e a flexibilidade via software para a implementação de diversas características baseadas em diferentes tipos de células combustível. Neste sentido, o emulador proposto permite a realização de ensaios preliminares durante a fase de projeto e os testes dinâmicos dos subsistemas de condicionamento de energia, sem a necessidade do acoplamento com o sistema de geração à células combustível, reduzindo-se os custos associados a estes testes laboratoriais. O emulador proposto consiste em um conversor Buck isolado Full-Bridge, com potência de saída de 2kW e alimentação via barramento de 400VCC, permitindo a emulação da característica nominal de saída de um conjunto de células tipo PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane - Membrana de Troca Protônica), em uma faixa de tensão de saída variando entre 32VCC e 72VCC, dependendo da corrente drenada pela carga. O circuito principal de controle é realizado através...
This work presents a design and implementation of an emulator to the static output characteristic (Voltage versus Current) that is similar to Fuel Cell generators. There are many advantages on using the Fuel Cell emulator. The emulator is cheaper, smaller and more flexible than the real Fuel Cell systems, because it is possible to emulate different characteristics through the use of a computer. In this context, a Fuel Cell emulator is proposed in this work in order to allow laboratory testes in the power conditioning system during its design and development stage. The proposed emulator is an insulated Full-Bridge converter with Buck operation, 2kW output power and 400VCC input voltage. This emulator achieves the output characteristic of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) Fuel Cell stack with output voltage range of 32VCC to 72VCC, depending on the output current. The main control circuit is based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) language. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed emulator achieves the output static characteristic of the PEMFC Fuel Cell System and this output characteristic can be easily modified in order to obtain another desirable static... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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9

Melo, Guilherme de Azevedo e. "Um sistema eletrônico de 2kW para emulação/simulação experimental da característica estática de saída, tensão (versus) corrente, de sistemas de geração com células combustível tipo PEM /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87239.

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Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin
Banca: Fabio Toshiaki Wakabayashi
Banca: Luiz Carlos de Freitas
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um emulador para a característica estática de saída (Tensão versus Corrente) equivalente àquela de fontes de energia com células combustível. O emulador apresenta como vantagens, em relação à aquisição de uma FC, o baixo custo, o reduzido espaço físico e a flexibilidade via software para a implementação de diversas características baseadas em diferentes tipos de células combustível. Neste sentido, o emulador proposto permite a realização de ensaios preliminares durante a fase de projeto e os testes dinâmicos dos subsistemas de condicionamento de energia, sem a necessidade do acoplamento com o sistema de geração à células combustível, reduzindo-se os custos associados a estes testes laboratoriais. O emulador proposto consiste em um conversor Buck isolado "Full-Bridge", com potência de saída de 2kW e alimentação via barramento de 400VCC, permitindo a emulação da característica nominal de saída de um conjunto de células tipo PEM ("Proton Exchange Membrane" - Membrana de Troca Protônica), em uma faixa de tensão de saída variando entre 32VCC e 72VCC, dependendo da corrente drenada pela carga. O circuito principal de controle é realizado através... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work presents a design and implementation of an emulator to the static output characteristic (Voltage versus Current) that is similar to Fuel Cell generators. There are many advantages on using the Fuel Cell emulator. The emulator is cheaper, smaller and more flexible than the real Fuel Cell systems, because it is possible to emulate different characteristics through the use of a computer. In this context, a Fuel Cell emulator is proposed in this work in order to allow laboratory testes in the power conditioning system during its design and development stage. The proposed emulator is an insulated "Full-Bridge" converter with "Buck" operation, 2kW output power and 400VCC input voltage. This emulator achieves the output characteristic of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) Fuel Cell stack with output voltage range of 32VCC to 72VCC, depending on the output current. The main control circuit is based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) language. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed emulator achieves the output static characteristic of the PEMFC Fuel Cell System and this output characteristic can be easily modified in order to obtain another desirable static... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wang, Lingjun. "Studies on O2 or O^2iw singularity in the presence of two reversibility symmetries and dynamics of the S-H equation with D-N boundary conditions." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/621/.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la dynamique des équations d'évolution en dimension finie comme infinie. Dans la première partie, on étudie la dynamique de champs de vecteurs réversibles présentant des résonances en présence de deux symétries de réversibilité. En présence d'une unique symétrie de réversibilité, l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 est connue pour la résonnance O2 alors que pour la résonnance O2iw , il n'y en a génériquement pas alors qu'il y a toujours des orbites homoclines à des solutions périodiques exponentiellement petites. En présence d'une deuxième symétrie de réversibilité la situation est plus dégénérée. La dynamique est dans ce cas gouvernée par la partie cubique. Pour la résonance O2 nous prouvons l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 et d'orbites hétéroclines. Pour la résonance O2iw nous prouvons que dans la plupart des cas la deuxième symétrie induit l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 alors qu'avec une unique symétrie il n'y en a génériquement pas. Dans la seconde, nous comparons la dynamique de l'équation de Swift Hohenberg posée sur un domaine cylindrique IxR avec I=[-L,L] et conditions au bord de Dirichlet Neumann d'une part et I=[0,2pi] et conditions périodiques aux bords. Nous montrons que dans les deux cas la dynamique de l'équation de Swift Hohenberg est réductible à une variété centrale de dimension 2. Dans le cas "Dirichlet Neumann" cette réduction est valable pour L grand. Sur cette variété centrale on trouve deux solutions stationnaires et deux orbites hétéroclines connectant l'origine à ces solutions. On retrouve ainsi les principales caractéristiques de la dynamique avec conditions aux bord périodique
This thesis is devoted to the study of the dynamics of evolution equations in finite (ODE) or infinite (PDE) dimensions. In the first part, we study the dynamics of reversible vector fields close to an equilibrium when a o2 or o2iw resonance occurs in the presence of two symmetries of reversibility. In the presence of a unique reversibility symmetry the existence of homoclinic connection to 0 is known for the O2 resonance whereas for the O2iw resonance there is generically no homoclinic connection to 0 but there is always homoclinic connection to exponentially small periodic orbit. . For the O2 resonance we prove the existence of homoclinic connections to 0 and of heteroclinic orbits. For the O2iw resonance we prove that in most of the cases the second symmetry induces the existence of homoclinic connections to 0 and of heteroclinic orbits whereas with a unique symmetry there is generically no homoclinic connection to 0. In the second part, we compare the dynamics of the two dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation defined in a cylindrical domain [-L,L]x R with Dirichlet Neumann boundary conditions with the dynamics of the Swift-Hohenberg equation defined on R^2 and admitting spatially periodic solutions. We show that the system with Dirichlet Neumann boundary conditions reduces onto a two-dimensional center manifold when $$\ell$$ is sufficiently large. On this invariant manifold, we find two steady solutions and two heteroclinic connections connecting the trivial ground state with the steady solutions. Moreover, all the above solutions preserve the features of the spatially periodic solutions
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Books on the topic "2WW"

1

Jütka, Salavetz, Makela P. Scott, Makela Laurie Haycock, and Berger Joshua, eds. Cool type 2wo. Hamburg: Gingko Press, 1999.

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Jütka, Salavetz, ed. Cool type 2wo. Cincinnati, OH: North Light Books, 1999.

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Folsom, Ralph Haughwout. European Union 2aw in a nutshell. 5th ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2005.

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Elliott, Tony. Ysgol Ieuan Gwynedd, Rhydymain, Dolgellau, Gwynedd, LL40 2YW: Arolygiad dan Adran 9 o Ddeddf Addysg (Ysgolion) 1992 : rhif ysgol 573/2215 : dyddiad arolygiad 1995. (Cardiff): (Welsh Office), 1995.

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Williams, E. Lloyd. Ysgol Dolgellau, Ffordd Penycefn, Dolgellau, Gwynedd LL40 2YW: Report on the inspection under section 10 of the School Inspection Act 1996 : school number: 661/3041 : date of inspection: 23-26 June 2003 = Ysgol Dolgellau, Ffordd Penycefn, Dolgellau, Gwynedd LL40 2YW : adroddiad ar yr arolwg o dan adran 10 Deddf Arolygu Ysgolion 1996 : rhif yr ysgol: 661/3041 : dyddiad yr arolwg: Mehefin 23-26 2003. Cardiff: Estyn, 2003.

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Allsport Concepts 2WO. London: Allsport, 2000.

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F & W Publications. Cool Type 2wo. William Morrow & Company, 2000.

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Aidoo, Clyde. 2KW A Method Behind The Madness. AuthorHouse, 2005.

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Primedia Business Directories & Books. Kawasaki Bayou Klf300 2Wd & 4Wd, 1986-2003. 3rd ed. Clymer Publishing, 2003.

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Clymer Kawasaki Bayou KLF300 2WD & 4WD 1986-2004. 4th ed. Primedia Business Directories & Books, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "2WW"

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Papanelopoulou, Faidra. "‘Fresher than Fresh’. Consumer Attitudes Towards the Development of the Cold Chain in Post-2WW Greece." In History of Artificial Cold, Scientific, Technological and Cultural Issues, 267–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7199-4_14.

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Fijalkowski, B. T. "Variable-Assist SBW 2WS Conversion Mechatronic Control Systems." In Automotive Mechatronics: Operational and Practical Issues, 39–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1183-9_2.

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Colarossi, Daniele, and Paolo Principi. "Feasibility study of a cold ironing system and district heating in port area." In Proceedings e report, 666–75. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.66.

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Cold ironing is a technology to reduce polluting emissions covering the energy demand of berthed ships in port to shut down their auxiliary engines. A feasibility study for the port of Ancona is proposed. A cogeneration plant provides electricity to ships, and the recovered heat waste is used in a district heating network. Results show that a 1.5MW and 2MW cogenerator covers 83% and 92% of the electrical need of ships respectively, and 61% and 74% of the thermal need of the involved buildings over the analysed period. The scenarios have been economically evaluated and prove to be feasible.
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Kumar, Sonu, Avinash Kumar, and P. K. Pranav. "Design and Development of Drop Centre Axle for 2WD Tractor." In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 941–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5974-3_81.

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Acharya, Dhanush, and K. Suryanarayana. "20W Multi-output Isolated Power Supply Using Secondary Regulated Flyback Topology." In Advances in Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1642-6_1.

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André, Hugo, Adeline Bourdon, and Didier Rémond. "Instantaneous Angular Speed Monitoring of a 2MW Wind Turbine Using a Parametrization Process." In Condition Monitoring of Machinery in Non-Stationary Operations, 415–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28768-8_44.

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Abhyankar, N. S., C. H. Yoneshige, B. J. Tomlinson, and J. Reilly. "Characterization of Raytheon’s 60 K 2W Protoflight Spacecraft Cryocooler." In Cryocoolers 11, 45–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47112-4_6.

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Takashi, Inaguchi, Nagao Masashi, Naka Kouki, and Yoshimura Hideto. "Development of a 2W Class 4 K Gifford- McMahon Cycle Cryocooler." In Cryocoolers 9, 617–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5869-9_70.

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Jamison, G. M., P. S. White, D. L. Harris, and J. L. Templeton. "Some Chemistry of Tp’(CO)2W≡C-H, A Simple Terminal Carbyne." In Transition Metal Carbyne Complexes, 201–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1666-4_24.

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Yu, R., L. L. He, Z. X. Jin, J. T. Guo, H. Q. Ye, and V. Lupinc. "TEM Investigations on the Precipitates in a Ti-47Al-2W-0.5Si Alloy." In Intermetallics and Superalloys, 312–16. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607285.ch53.

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Conference papers on the topic "2WW"

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Patel, R., R. Canda, S. Haghollahi, and K. Besherdas. "ODYNOPHAGIA - IS IT A SYMPTOM WORTHY OF 2WW GASTROSCOPY?" In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704830.

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Blair, D. B., and I. J. Spark. "Computer Controlled Integrated Steering / Drive System for Vehicles." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1435.

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Abstract This paper discusses how a computer controlled four-wheel-steering (4WS) system can be used to increase the ability, namely low speed stability and traction as well as increased manoeuvrability of four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicles. The essential feature of the integrated 4WS/4WD vehicle is that the path of the vehicle is selected via a joy stick or steering wheel, and a computer then controls the drive system of the two right hand wheels independently of the two left hand wheels, along with the positive rotation of the four wheels about vertical axes to the appropriate angles. Previous work by Spark and Besselink (1994a) relating to two wheel steering (2WS) / two wheel drive (2WD) systems will also be discussed briefly and expanded.
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"Program Committee PMAC-2WN 2006." In 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - (ICPADS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2006.86.

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Zhan, Huan, Yuying Wang, Kun Peng, Li Ni, Xiaolong Wang, Jianjun Wang, Feng Jing, and Aoxiang Lin. "2kW (2+1) GT-wave fiber." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2016.w3e.2.

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Atef, Mohamed, and Horst Zimmermann. "10Gbit/s 2mW inductorless transimpedance amplifier." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2012.6271595.

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Zhang, Liming, Kun Zhang, Hong Zhao, Kuiyan Song, Rufeng Sun, Yitao Fang, Chen Zhu, Dayong Zhang, Nianjiang Chen, and Shouhuan Zhou. "2kW narrow linewidth all fiber laser." In 24th National Laser Conference & Fifteenth National Conference on Laser Technology and Optoelectronics, edited by Yue Yang, Jianqiang Zhu, Weibiao Chen, Pu Wang, Jianrong Qiu, Zhenxi Zhang, and Minlin Zhong. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2587636.

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Ahedo, Eduardo, and Yevgeny Raitses. "Numerical Simulations of a 2kW Hall Thruster." In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4655.

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Denison, Timothy, Kelly Consoer, Wesley Santa, Mike Hutt, and Keith Miesel. "A 2μW Three-Axis MEMS-based Accelerometer." In 2007 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2007.379136.

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Shahrabi, Ali, and Irfan Awan. "Message from PMAC-2WN Program Co-Chairs." In 2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447801.

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Risso, Luca, Alberto Armoni, and Luca Petacchi. "A 225-400MHz WiMAX 20W SiC power amplifier." In 2007 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2007.4405438.

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Reports on the topic "2WW"

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Brandon D. Miller. Microstructural Studies of Uranium-7wt%Molybdenum/Aluminum-2wt%Silicon Dispersion Fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009150.

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Skok, A. J., A. J. Leo, and T. P. O`Shea. Startup, testing, and operation of the Santa Clara 2MW direct carbonate fuel cell demonstration plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460153.

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MacNaughton, R. B. Fernie Formation at Pink Mountain, NE British Columbia (NTS 94G/2W). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/221695.

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Detailed design of the 2MW Demonstration Plant. Topical report, Task 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133526.

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