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Frigård, Kevin. "Försvaret som glömdes bort : en studie av Per-Albin linjen/Skånelinjen och potentialen i modern arkeologi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386600.
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The Swedish memory is often strong about things that happened during the Second World War where the Atlantic Wall is often an remembered example. But many parts of our own history surrounding this conflict is more or less forgotten. One such part is the Per-Albin line in Skåne and Blekinge that was Swedens first line of defence against the Third Reich. The remains of these fortifications have today can still be found in the Swedish terrain. But when the Per-Albin line have been described it has been out of a historical perspective but not from an archaeological perspective. Because of this we miss the information that the remains of these once important structures made of concrete meant for Sweden during a dark time of the 20th-century. Remains from the Per-Albin line will be analyzed with archaeological methods and maps to find removed and forgotten defensives made of concrete and other materials to see the preservation conditions of the defensive line today. The background material consists of the history of the defensive line and the men and women that inhabited places in the Per-Albin linje and. The material that is presented in the text is from different places in Blekinge,Vägga Udde,Boön and Kärringaberget. The text attempts to incorporate the use of using maps to find the remnants of the the constructions. This work also takes up the methods that the government uses to preserve parts the line for the future and also the methods the government uses to handle the structures in other ways. The main point of this paper is to bring the practices of battlefield archaeology into light by showing how it can be used and the gains of using it on modern remnants of war.
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Kakarlapudi, Purushotham Raju. "High temperature oxidation response of Nb-20W-10Cr alloy in air." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Ferreira, André Tavares. "Otimização de planilhas de corte laser fibra 2kW com cabeçote 2D." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23690.
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Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaO problema de a nação de planilhas de corte em máquinas corte laser é um fator que condiciona a qualidade de corte em peças metálicas. Neste Projeto, em colaboração com uma unidade industrial, explora-se planilhas de corte de duas máquinas corte laser com tecnologia bra de 2kW com cabeçote 2D. Faz-se um estudo de 3 casos distintos, compara-se planilhas máquina com as a nações. Cria-se um modelo de a nação de planilhas a partir da análise da in uência dos parâmetros de corte e do estudo em laboratório das peças cortadas.
The problem to set tecnological parameters in cutting laser machines is a condition to the cut quality of metal parts. In this Project, with an industrial facilitie cooperation, is explored tecnological parameters of two laser ber cutting machines with 2KW and cutting head 2D. Three di erent cases study are selected, a comparation is made between machine techonlogical parameters and technological parameters settings. A setting technological parameters method is created according laboratory measurements where techonological cutting parameters in uence are studied on the parts cut quality.
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Presa, Daniela. "Investigation of cytochrome p450 isoforms 1A1, 1B1 and 2W1 as targets for therapeutic intervention in head and neck cancer. Probing CYP1A1, 1B1 and 2W1 activity with duocarmycin bioprecursors." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18171.
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Mossadeghi, Björklund Per. "Theoretical Design of a Single Phase 2kW Power Supply with 1.5kV DC Output." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-246724.
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This 15hp degree project in electrical engineering is carried out at ScandiNova Systems AB in Uppsala, Sweden. The company constructs pulse generators used in areas such as sterilization or radiation therapy. As a step in development they want to design their own power supply for one of their generators instead of purchasing it from an external supplier. This paper is about how to make a theoretical design of a power supply that can use worldwide single-phase AC line input and deliver ~1500V DC output. The paper has a power loss and harmonic theory part and a method part for power inductor calculation etc. The result is a power supply seen from the AC line starting with a second order EMI-filter, a full-wave rectifier bridge, a PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost converter based on the controller UCC28180 from Texas Instruments and a SLR (Series Loaded Resonant) half-bridge converter with control and feedback produced by the company itself. Associated energy efficiency calculations, drawing, component lists and physical design compared to the size of the current power supply and components made in SolidWorks is the design output. The conclusion is that the goal parameters are theoretically fulfilled and realistic but that experimental testing is needed for optimizing the design and control. That is why some of the parameters are changeable for best modifiability later in the product design.Detta 15hp examensarbete i elektroteknik har utförts på Scandinova Systems AB i Uppsala, Sverige. Deras verksamhet är att bygga pulsgeneratorer som används i områden som sterilisering eller strålbehandling. Som ett steg i utvecklingen vill de utforma sitt eget nätaggregat till en av sina generatorer istället för att köpa den från en extern leverantör. Denna uppsats handlar om hur man gör en teoretisk konstruktion av ett nätaggregat som kan användas i hela världen med enfas växelström på linjeingången och leverera ~1500V på DC-utgången. Uppsatsen har en teoridel om effektförluster och harmoniska övertoner och en metod del om beräkning av induktor etc. Resultatet är ett nätaggregat sedd från AC linjeingång som börjar med ett andra ordningens EMI-filter, en helvågslikriktare, en PFC (Power Factor Correction) boost omvandlare baserad på styrenheten UCC28180 från Texas Instruments och en SLR (Series Loaded Resonant) halvbrygga med styrning och återkoppling som produceras av företaget självt. Energieffektivitetsberäkningar, ritningar, komponentlistor och fysisk utformning jämfört med storleken på det aktuella nätaggregatet och komponenter tillverkade i SolidWorks är projektets utkomst. Slutsatsen är att målparametrarna teoretiskt är uppfyllda och realistiska, men att experimentell testning behövs för att optimera design och kontroll. Det är därför en del av parametrarna är utbytbara för bästa modifierbarhet senare i produktdesignen.
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Al-Dujaili, Ayad. "Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control design for physically linked 2WD mobile robots systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I047/document.
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Dans les environnements difficiles résultant de catastrophes naturelles ou d'accidents industriels, des robots mobiles peuvent être utilisés pour réduire les interventions humaines. Ces robots doivent pouvoir parcourir de longues distances, suivre des trajectoires précises, transporter des matériels et instruments, tout en étant robustes aux perturbations et aux défaillances éventuelles de leurs composants (capteurs, actionneurs). Dans cette thèse, nous considérons des systèmes composés de robots mobiles à deux roues motrices (2WD), reliés physiquement entre eux. Nous proposons des lois de commande permettant au système multi-robot de suivre une trajectoire de référence malgré la présence de défauts d'actionneurs. Différentes commandes tolérantes aux fautes (FTC : Fault Tolerant Control) sont proposées. Certaines sont des commandes dîtes passives, qui sont conçues pour être robustes à des défauts actionneurs sélectionnés, d’autres sont dîtes actives puisqu’elles intègrent un algorithme de diagnostic (observateur adaptatif non linéaire) qui détecte, localise et estime les défauts.Des résultats de simulation sont présentés tout au long de la thèse pour vérifier la validité et montrer les performances des algorithmes de commande tolérante proposésIn harsh environments resulting from natural disasters or industrial accidents, reducing human interventions by increasing robotic operations is desirable. The main challenges to be considered are not only that the robots should be able to go over long distances and operate for relatively long periods, but also make the global system tolerant to actuators’ failures. In this thesis, to overcome these challenges, systems composed of multi-linked two-wheel drive (2WD) mobile robots are considered. The objective of these multi-robot systems is to asymptotically track a reference trajectory, despite the presence of actuator faults. In this thesis, we design original Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) schemes. Some of them are passive methods, i.e. robust control laws to given failures, and other ones are active FTC which include a Fault Diagnosis (FD) algorithm (nonlinear adaptive observer) that detects, localizes and estimates the faults, and finally adapt the control actions to the faulty situations. Simulation results are presented all along the thesis to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithms and to show the performance of the FTC schemes
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de, Albuquerque Martins Ricardo Jorge. "2MW : the wood fuel energy systems conceptual design metamodel : a novel approach to participatory design, contextualised to the case of Mozambique." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23294.
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This research endorsed, built and tested a metamodel, the 2MW: a novel design tool to assist all knowledgeable actors on wood fuel (e.g. firewood users, charcoal makers, policy makers) in the participatory conceptual design of wood fuel energy systems (WES), i.e., in the process of co-conception, co-specification and co-modelling of WES. The 2MW relevance is twofold. First the 2MW fulfils a gap in the portfolio of design tools for WES. Second the conceptual design of WES is a fundamental concern since billions of people in 'Developing Countries' (DCs) rely heavily on WES for energy needs; and the WES are mutually embedded within global priorities, including deforestation and poverty. In the context of this work, Mozambique, over 70% of the population rely exclusively on WES, and the charcoal business has an estimated value of 520million US$/year. Despite the documented drawbacks, the few available or applicable WES design tools simplify the WES complexity into a set of parameters to be optimised/simulated into normative and prescriptive tools, mostly computer based and designed exclusively by/for experts to facilitate the analysis/decision on the transition towards what are considered to be more sustainable, efficient and modern solutions. The 2MW represents a fundamental departure from this energy transitions paradigm in a number of interwoven aspects. Based on systems and design thinking the 2MW embraces WES as a complex design problem favouring full participation, reflective practice, learning, sensemaking and suitability to the intended users and contexts. Therefore, the 2MW is not a parametric simulation model, but a design metamodel made of 13 design elements, which make explicit what WES actors think about when they think about WES design. The 2MW is non-computer based and visually presented as 13 boxes drawn on paper or the ground suitable for low literacy and resource limitations in DCs. The 13 design elements have been derived through ontological analysis of relevant literature and semi-structured interviews with 131 pertinent actors in the WES in Mozambique and elsewhere and the 2MW has been extensively and intensively tested in 7 participatory design workshops conducted in rural and urban Mozambique involving over 50 persons covering a wide range of WES perspectives. The results consistently confirmed: 1) the 13 design elements are meaningful, sufficient and necessary intuitively easy to understand and interact, with 2) the 2MW is an effective, efficient, explicit and interactive common ground/language facilitating the debate, knowledge sharing, sensemaking and learning on participants' terms (by-passing predefined normative and concepts); 3) the WES conceptual designs produced with the 2MW is creative, comprehensive, easily shared and meaningful. Finally, as an efficient and effective tool for WES participatory conceptual design the 2MW is potentially useful to complement other available design tools on wider and more integrated WES design, analysis and implementation.
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Melo, Guilherme de Azevedo e. [UNESP]. "Um sistema eletrônico de 2kW para emulação/simulação experimental da característica estática de saída, tensão (versus) corrente, de sistemas de geração com células combustível tipo PEM." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87239.
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melo_ga_me_ilha.pdf: 6893159 bytes, checksum: a70518b6cdac1869ab5705bc69904150 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um emulador para a característica estática de saída (Tensão versus Corrente) equivalente àquela de fontes de energia com células combustível. O emulador apresenta como vantagens, em relação à aquisição de uma FC, o baixo custo, o reduzido espaço físico e a flexibilidade via software para a implementação de diversas características baseadas em diferentes tipos de células combustível. Neste sentido, o emulador proposto permite a realização de ensaios preliminares durante a fase de projeto e os testes dinâmicos dos subsistemas de condicionamento de energia, sem a necessidade do acoplamento com o sistema de geração à células combustível, reduzindo-se os custos associados a estes testes laboratoriais. O emulador proposto consiste em um conversor Buck isolado Full-Bridge, com potência de saída de 2kW e alimentação via barramento de 400VCC, permitindo a emulação da característica nominal de saída de um conjunto de células tipo PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane - Membrana de Troca Protônica), em uma faixa de tensão de saída variando entre 32VCC e 72VCC, dependendo da corrente drenada pela carga. O circuito principal de controle é realizado através...
This work presents a design and implementation of an emulator to the static output characteristic (Voltage versus Current) that is similar to Fuel Cell generators. There are many advantages on using the Fuel Cell emulator. The emulator is cheaper, smaller and more flexible than the real Fuel Cell systems, because it is possible to emulate different characteristics through the use of a computer. In this context, a Fuel Cell emulator is proposed in this work in order to allow laboratory testes in the power conditioning system during its design and development stage. The proposed emulator is an insulated Full-Bridge converter with Buck operation, 2kW output power and 400VCC input voltage. This emulator achieves the output characteristic of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) Fuel Cell stack with output voltage range of 32VCC to 72VCC, depending on the output current. The main control circuit is based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) language. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed emulator achieves the output static characteristic of the PEMFC Fuel Cell System and this output characteristic can be easily modified in order to obtain another desirable static... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Melo, Guilherme de Azevedo e. "Um sistema eletrônico de 2kW para emulação/simulação experimental da característica estática de saída, tensão (versus) corrente, de sistemas de geração com células combustível tipo PEM /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87239.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto CanesinBanca: Fabio Toshiaki Wakabayashi
Banca: Luiz Carlos de Freitas
Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento e implementação de um emulador para a característica estática de saída (Tensão versus Corrente) equivalente àquela de fontes de energia com células combustível. O emulador apresenta como vantagens, em relação à aquisição de uma FC, o baixo custo, o reduzido espaço físico e a flexibilidade via software para a implementação de diversas características baseadas em diferentes tipos de células combustível. Neste sentido, o emulador proposto permite a realização de ensaios preliminares durante a fase de projeto e os testes dinâmicos dos subsistemas de condicionamento de energia, sem a necessidade do acoplamento com o sistema de geração à células combustível, reduzindo-se os custos associados a estes testes laboratoriais. O emulador proposto consiste em um conversor Buck isolado "Full-Bridge", com potência de saída de 2kW e alimentação via barramento de 400VCC, permitindo a emulação da característica nominal de saída de um conjunto de células tipo PEM ("Proton Exchange Membrane" - Membrana de Troca Protônica), em uma faixa de tensão de saída variando entre 32VCC e 72VCC, dependendo da corrente drenada pela carga. O circuito principal de controle é realizado através... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work presents a design and implementation of an emulator to the static output characteristic (Voltage versus Current) that is similar to Fuel Cell generators. There are many advantages on using the Fuel Cell emulator. The emulator is cheaper, smaller and more flexible than the real Fuel Cell systems, because it is possible to emulate different characteristics through the use of a computer. In this context, a Fuel Cell emulator is proposed in this work in order to allow laboratory testes in the power conditioning system during its design and development stage. The proposed emulator is an insulated "Full-Bridge" converter with "Buck" operation, 2kW output power and 400VCC input voltage. This emulator achieves the output characteristic of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) Fuel Cell stack with output voltage range of 32VCC to 72VCC, depending on the output current. The main control circuit is based on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) language. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed emulator achieves the output static characteristic of the PEMFC Fuel Cell System and this output characteristic can be easily modified in order to obtain another desirable static... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Wang, Lingjun. "Studies on O2 or O^2iw singularity in the presence of two reversibility symmetries and dynamics of the S-H equation with D-N boundary conditions." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/621/.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la dynamique des équations d'évolution en dimension finie comme infinie. Dans la première partie, on étudie la dynamique de champs de vecteurs réversibles présentant des résonances en présence de deux symétries de réversibilité. En présence d'une unique symétrie de réversibilité, l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 est connue pour la résonnance O2 alors que pour la résonnance O2iw , il n'y en a génériquement pas alors qu'il y a toujours des orbites homoclines à des solutions périodiques exponentiellement petites. En présence d'une deuxième symétrie de réversibilité la situation est plus dégénérée. La dynamique est dans ce cas gouvernée par la partie cubique. Pour la résonance O2 nous prouvons l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 et d'orbites hétéroclines. Pour la résonance O2iw nous prouvons que dans la plupart des cas la deuxième symétrie induit l'existence d'orbites homoclines à 0 alors qu'avec une unique symétrie il n'y en a génériquement pas. Dans la seconde, nous comparons la dynamique de l'équation de Swift Hohenberg posée sur un domaine cylindrique IxR avec I=[-L,L] et conditions au bord de Dirichlet Neumann d'une part et I=[0,2pi] et conditions périodiques aux bords. Nous montrons que dans les deux cas la dynamique de l'équation de Swift Hohenberg est réductible à une variété centrale de dimension 2. Dans le cas "Dirichlet Neumann" cette réduction est valable pour L grand. Sur cette variété centrale on trouve deux solutions stationnaires et deux orbites hétéroclines connectant l'origine à ces solutions. On retrouve ainsi les principales caractéristiques de la dynamique avec conditions aux bord périodiqueThis thesis is devoted to the study of the dynamics of evolution equations in finite (ODE) or infinite (PDE) dimensions. In the first part, we study the dynamics of reversible vector fields close to an equilibrium when a o2 or o2iw resonance occurs in the presence of two symmetries of reversibility. In the presence of a unique reversibility symmetry the existence of homoclinic connection to 0 is known for the O2 resonance whereas for the O2iw resonance there is generically no homoclinic connection to 0 but there is always homoclinic connection to exponentially small periodic orbit. . For the O2 resonance we prove the existence of homoclinic connections to 0 and of heteroclinic orbits. For the O2iw resonance we prove that in most of the cases the second symmetry induces the existence of homoclinic connections to 0 and of heteroclinic orbits whereas with a unique symmetry there is generically no homoclinic connection to 0. In the second part, we compare the dynamics of the two dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation defined in a cylindrical domain [-L,L]x R with Dirichlet Neumann boundary conditions with the dynamics of the Swift-Hohenberg equation defined on R^2 and admitting spatially periodic solutions. We show that the system with Dirichlet Neumann boundary conditions reduces onto a two-dimensional center manifold when $$\ell$$ is sufficiently large. On this invariant manifold, we find two steady solutions and two heteroclinic connections connecting the trivial ground state with the steady solutions. Moreover, all the above solutions preserve the features of the spatially periodic solutions
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Iwasaki, Atsushi. "Study on permutation polynomials over a ring of modulo 2w and their applications to cryptography." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225740.
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Kulbakov, Nikolay. "Nástroje monetární politiky v ČR v rocích 2000-2010." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72674.
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In the third millennium CNB took over a Policy of Inflation Targeting. Czech Republic was one of the first countries which adopted that policy. This diploma is connected with bachelor thesis, entitled "Instruments of Monetary Policy in Czech Republic since 2000" written in 2009 and deals with explanations of tools and principles of monetary policy in terms of the political course of inflation targeting.
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CAZANOUE, MARTINE. "Complexes hetero bi- ou polymetalliques ru#xm (m=cr, mo, w; x=1, 2, 3; m=re; x=1) ou rh#2w a ligands assembleurs : synthese et evaluation de leurs proprietes catalytiques." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30083.
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Preparation et etude de la reactivite catalytique vis-a-vis de h#2 et des alcynes des complexes (co)#5m(pph#3)ru#2(co)#4(c#5h#5), m=mo, w, (co#4)w(pph#2)#2rh(co)#2rh (cyclooctadiene), h#2(pph#3)#2re(dppm)h(co)ru(pph#3)#2co et h#2(pph#3)#2re(h)(co)ru(h)(pph#3)#2, dppm=bis-diphenylphosphinomethane
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Kerbouai, Hamza. "Modélisation, dimensionnement et optimisation d'un capteur hybride pour la détection des deux roues motorisées dans le trafic routier." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0260/document.
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Depuis plusieurs années les chiffres de l'insécurité routière montrent la nécessité de développer un outil technologique qui vise à connaitre le comportement de véhicules deux roues motorisés (2RM) afin d'améliorer leursécurité. De cette problématique découle nos travaux de recherche qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre de projet METRAMOTO (MEsure du TRAfic des deux-roues MOTOrisés pour la sécurité routière et l'évaluation des risques)L’objectif principal visé concerne la modélisation, le dimensionnement et l'optimisation d'un capteur hybride constitué d'une part de boucles électromagnétiques et d'autre part de capteurs de chocs piézo-électriques. L’idée consiste à utiliser les boucles électromagnétiques pour discriminer la présence des 2RM de celle des autresvéhicules, associées à des segments piézo-électriques pour détecter le choc produit par le passage des roues desdifférents véhicules, le tout associé à un algorithme de gestion et de traitement de données. Aujourd'hui redimensionnement des systèmes de détection à base de boucles électromagnétiques ou de câble piézo-électriquese fait de manière expérimentale sur des sites contrôlés en utilisant plusieurs types de véhicules. Cette technique gourmande en temps nécessite une série importante d'essais couteux et dangereux. La présente étude a pour butde modéliser les différentes interactions entre le capteur hybride étudié et les véhicules en vue de son dimensionnement. Des modèles électromagnétiques et électromécaniques sont développés pour décrire les différentes interactions se produisant entre les boucles électromagnétiques d'une part, les boucles électromagnétiques et les véhicules d'autre part ainsi que celles des roues de véhicules et le câble piézoélectrique.Sur la base de ces modèles établis, une démarche générale est élaborée conduisant au dimensionnement du capteur hybride pour une route donnée. Nous nous sommes également intéressés au traitement des données issues du capteur hybride pour lesquelles nous proposons une approche d'identification des différentes catégories de véhicules dont les 2RM. Deux configurations de capteurs pour deux routes différentes sont alors proposées.Elles sont associées à des algorithmes de traitement de données permettant l'acquisition des signaux de boucles et de câbles, la distinction des différents types de véhicules, l'estimation de la position des véhicules sur la chaussée ainsi que la mesure de la vitesse de véhiculesFor several years the road safety numbers show the need to develop a technological tool that aims to know thepowered two wheelers vehicles behavior (2PW) to improve their security. From this problematic arise our researchworks that come under the project METRAMOTO (Powered two wheelers traffic measurement for road safety andrisks assessment). The main objective is modeling, sizing and optimization of an hybrid sensor consisted ofelectromagnetic loops and piezoelectric shock sensors. The idea is to use electromagnetic loops to discriminate the2PW presence from the other vehicles, combined with piezoelectric segments to detect the shocks produced by thevehicles wheels passage, all associated with a management algorithm and data processing. Today the sizing of thedetection systems based on electromagnetic loops or piezoelectric cables is done experimentally on controlled sitesusing several vehicles types. This technique requires significant test series which are costly and dangerous. Thisstudy aims to modeling the different interactions between the studied sensor and vehicles in order to its sizing.Electromagnetic and electromechanical models are developed to describe the different interactions that take placebetween electromagnetic loops on the one hand, between electromagnetic loops and vehicles on the other handand those between vehicle wheels and piezoelectric cable. On the basis of established models, a general approachis elaborated driving to sizing the hybrid sensor for any given road. We are also interested to the data processingcoming from the hybrid sensor for which we propose an approach to identifying the different vehicle categoriesincluding the 2PW. Two sensor configurations for two different roads are then proposed. They are associated atdata processing algorithms allowing the acquisition of loops and cables signals, the distinction between the differentvehicles classes, the estimation of the vehicles positions on the road and the measuring of their speed
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Hlinovská, Květoslava. "Židé v protektorátu a pokusy o jejich záchranu." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306511.
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This thesis is about modern Jewish history in the territory of Czechoslovakia, specifically the history of 2WW. It maps the fate of Jews under the new circumstances that had prevailed right after the declaration of the Protectorat of Bohemia and of Moravia, on the 15th of March, 1939. In keeping with those changes according to the new political system that was forcibly implemented, new and new anti-Jewish regulations were published with a view of total displacement of Jews from society and their total liquidation in compliance with Hitler's "final solution". It emphasizes some attempts to save Jews not only by "ordinary non-aryan people", but also by the Jewish resistance and last but not least by the government in exile. This work attempts to explain what led rescuers to their actions and their motivations, including some known rescuers, such as Nicholas Winton and Přemysl Pitter.
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Krasulová, Kristýna. "Význam cytochromu P450 2W1 u kolorektálního karcinomu." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330567.
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1.ABSTRACT Bc. Kristýna Krasulová The importance of cytochrome P450 2W1 in colorectal cancer Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Healthcare Bioanalytics - Specialist in Laboratory Methods Backround: Cytochromes P450 play an important role in carcinogenesis by activating carcinogens as well as in cancer treatment where they can participate in metabolism of anticancer drugs. This work discuses current knowledge about colorectal cancer carcinogenesis and knowledge about the new member of CYP P450 2W1 and its potential in anticancer therapy. The main aim is to detect differences in the frequency of the two most important non-synonymous CYP2W1 polymorphisms between colorectal cancer patients and healthy subjects. Methods: The study group consisted of 197 colorectal patients and 202 healthy subjects gained on the basis of collaboration with Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. The identification of CYP2W1 allelic variations was performed by allelic discrimination using TaqMan® SNP Genotyping assays. Results: The non-synonymous polymorphism 542G/A (allele CYP2W1*6, rs3808348) responsible for the amino acid substitution Ala181Thr and polymorphism 1463C/T (allele CYP2W1*6, rs3808348) causing the amino acid substitution Pro488Leu were both present in the population...
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鍾龍寶. "Implementation of an L-Band 2KW Power Amplifier." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37691439768210169525.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
電信工程學系碩士班
92
A 2kW L-band power amplifier is designed and implemented for early warning Radar transmitter. The power amplifier consists of two stages, where the pre-amplify stage uses cascaded multi-stage design to produce basic power source, while the power amplify stage employs parallel amplification and power combination to accomplish high power gain. An all solid stage C-class amplifier is employed in our design, where we choose a low surface resistance conduct for the microstrips coating and high dielectric constant material for the substrates. From our performance tests, our amplifier is able to provide an output power of 2.21KW, a power efficiency of 40% ,and a power gain of 63.45 dB. The power amplifier only not provides high power gain and power efficiency, but also can maintain a saturated power output without any tuning process. Due the use of all solid state devices and modular design, the amplifier has higher reliability than that of tube amplifiers. In addition, the amplifier can also provide light weight、simple structure and expansion capability features. Base on the power combination techniques, the designed modular can be used to build a higher power amplifier on the feature demand.
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Shieh-XinChen and 陳學信. "Research and Development of a 2kW Solar Powered Boat." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/w5vu2p.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系
102
In 21st century, the solar energy is the favorite renewable energy. The photovoltaic of our laboratory already research for few years. Now we try to apply our photovoltaic system in a 2kW solar powered boat. In this thesis, we design a fully complete solar powered boat monitoring system. The main system in solar powered boat is photovoltaic (PV) system and battery management system (BMS). In the photovoltaic system we use the quadratic maximization (QM) method to do the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The ship on the water always swing, it will affect the MPPT tracking. So a faster MPPT method is necessary so we choosing the QM method. Every PV panel will connect to a DC/DC converter which can convert the solar power to the battery bank. Depends on the ship shape we use different model polysilicon PV panels. We also test the stability of the DC/DC converter. The battery management system (BMS) is use for manage the battery bank capacity. The main feature of BMS system is switching the battery bank to charge /discharge. In the BMS system has three different switching modes which is manual mode, time setting mode and battery bank voltage compare mode. We install our system to an 8 meter wooden ship and evaluation the system.
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Lin, Jhih-Jyun, and 林志君. "Effects of 2wt% Li Addition on the AZ80 Mg Alloy." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95390549311896335847.
Full textAbstract:
碩士龍華科技大學
工程技術研究所
96
The products of Mg alloys are mainly manufactured by using the die-casting and semi-solid forming, because of their poor formability of rolling, pressing and forging. However, the high manufacturing cost and high ratio of defect products in the die-casting or semi-solid forming of Mg alloys will reduce their manufacturing efficiency. Therefore, the developments of new Mg alloys with high formability of rolling, pressing and forging are important issues to improve the manufacturing ability of thin plates of Mg alloys. The AZ80 is a commercial forging-type Mg alloy, due to its high strength and low price. However, the AZ80 Mg alloy has much difficulty in forging process because of its poor ductility. Hence, in this study, 2wt% Li is added into AZ80 Mg alloy to improve its ductility. The effects of 2wt%Li addition on its crystal structures, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and precipitation hardening are investigated. Meanwhile, the precipitation hardening of this AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy is also studied. Experimental results show that AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy still exhibits the fine two-phase microstructures of α and β phases. The density of AZ80 Mg alloy can be reduced to be 1.71 g/cm3 by addition of 2wt%Li. The AZ80+2wt%Li Mg alloy has a slightly lower tensile strength, but an obviously higher fracture strain, than AZ80 Mg alloy. This indicates that the addition of 2wt%Li can indeed improve the ductility of AZ80 Mg alloy. The AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy exhibits higher impact toughness than AZ80 Mg alloy. This feature verifies that the addition of 2wt%Li can significantly increase the formability of forging and the resistance of impact fracture. The tensile strength of both AZ80+2%Li and AZ80 Mg alloy increases with increasing strain rate, but their fracture strain decrease with increasing strain rate. Both AZ80+2%Li and AZ80 Mg alloy can have excellent corrosion resistance in pure water. However, the AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy exhibits a worse corrosion resistance than AZ80 Mg alloy, when in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The 400℃ solution treated AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy will produce the AlLi precipitate after aging at 170℃, and produce the Mg17Al12 precipitate after aging at 250℃. The AZ80+2%Li Mg alloy with aging at both 170℃ and 250℃ will exhibit the phenomenon of precipitation hardening.
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Liao, Kai-Han, and 廖楷瀚. "Earthquake Resistance Analysis for 2MW Offshore Wind Turbine Tower Foundation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83976816380575965853.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
綠色科技學程碩士在職專班
103
The finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to perform the anti-seismic analysis for different offshore wind turbine tower foundation in this research. Earthquake 7 on the Richter scale is applied to accelerate the structure of wind turbine and find its deformation, strain and stress. Four kinds of tower foundation include mono-pile type, gravity type, tripod type and truss configuration. Simulation conditions are the acceleration is 9.89m / s 2 in X and Y direction, and is 7.85m / s 2 in Z direction. Under standard gravity, it will determine the amount of deformation, the maximum stress value and the maximum strain value for each wind turbine and their foundation. The results of the analysis show that all types of wind turbine accelerated in X or Y direction will get the largest deformation in the tower top. With Z direction seismic acceleration, it found the maximum deformation occurs in the central bracing bracket for the tripod tower foundation, and that is observed in the bottom of the central steel bracing for the truss tower foundation, but the maximum deformation for the monopole and gravity tower foundation occurs at the top of the wind turbine. For the structural strength of the wind tower foundation, it finds that only the stress of monopole tower foundation will be over the yielding stress and that of the other three wind tower foundation is under the yielding stress. The stress of all of the wind tower foundation is not over the ultimate strength of the material, therefore they will not collapse under the earthquake acceleration of 1 g.
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Lin, Chin, and 林津. "Design and Analysis for an Active-Controlled 2kW Small Wind Turbine." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29545848208899649822.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
103
Most of the small wind turbines are designed with no control or passive control due to the cost consideration. However, both of the two types still have to be improved in terms of the electric generation performance. Thus, the objective of the paper is to improve the electric generation performance and develop an active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine. First, the study is to develop the co-simulation analysis of aerodynamics, mechanism dynamics and control system dynamics for the active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine. Three softwares, including FAST, ADAMS, and MATLAB/SIMULINK, are used for aerodynamic, mechanism dynamic and control system dynamic simulation. The dynamic variations of blades, power transmission system, generator and tower can be analyzed under different input of wind. The closed-loop simulation of the directly-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator, the variable-pitch control and the variable-speed control can be performed by MATLAB/ SIMULINK. By integrating the control strategy and theory, we can realize the maximum power output by tracking the speed that the tip-speed ratio corresponding to under the rated wind speed. While the wind speed is above the rated wind speed, the DC servo motor-driving variable-pitch control system starts to perform. To keep constant rated rotor speed and rated power output, the pitch angle can be adjusted by the pitch control system. Finally, the system of the active-controlled 2kW small wind turbine can be achieved.
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Liu, Chi-hsin, and 劉奇鑫. "THE RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT OF THE 20W-CLASS STIRLING ENGINE." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86679459479171311385.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
99
M1 Engine has be classified in practical stirling engine, at the Taiwan are few. research data. Let Taiwan know the large-scale stirling engine more by this Research.The objective of this Research is analyzing the basic performance of the 20W level stirling engine "MATSUO NO.1 Stirling Engine"(Be short by M1 Stirling Engine).The prime task is finding varied condition of pressure and fuel, the temperature of each point , output power, output torque , and output horse power of the shaft. To find the output data by absorbed power at a measurement platform of M1 engine and the measurement of temperature distribution is using the method of direct touch with R/S Type temperature testing line. After having the original data of the M1 engine , we try to shorten the starting time. For this we design and make the all new tube type heater and test it. This result of the testing will be used in the education and research in the future. After getting all the data, we take apart all the engine and make the engineering drawing. Let all the drawing be computerized by Solidwork. Then let the education and research more figure out the M1 engine with the 2D/3D drawing.
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Mácová, Iva. "Příprava a charakterizace antipeptidových protilátek pro imunodetekci cytochromů P450." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322965.
Full textAbstract:
The cytochromes P450 are enzymes participating in metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Their substrates include also carcinogens which may initiate carcinogenesis after activation by CYP450. Inductors of these enzymes are also chemopreventive compounds which are very popular and recommended in current time. Thus, studying of the effect of the chemopreventive compounds on cytochromes P450 induction and cancer development is of a high clinical importance. The CYPs are most commonly found in the liver. However, there are forms that have not been detected in any human healthy tissue but their overexpression was observed in tumors. For this reason, they could serve for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Among these cytochromes are CYP2S1 and 2W1 which can be prognostic markers of colorectal cancer. Therefore, it would be opportune to have some tools for these enzyme detection. One option is immunodetection of cytochromes P450 by Western blot using the specific antibodies. Today mammalian antibodies (IgG) are the most widely used but antibodies isolated from egg yolk (IgY) become popular mainly due to the large number of undisputed advantages. For the preparation of the peptide immunogen, suitable peptide sequences were selected from CYP2S1 and 2W1 primary structure. The synthesized peptides...
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Chang, Yu-Hao, and 張育豪. "A Research of the Optimal Pitch Angle for a Commercial 2KW Wind Turbine." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52136722999570143699.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
99
Since the rise of green energy, the industry of wind energy has been developed relatively. And now the wind turbine capacity also expanded, but when we pursuit of high-capacity, we often face that the real produce of the efficiency of wind turbines didn’t reach the design of target values. In this article a 2kW rate power wind turbines blade has been use to simulate the blade’s efficiency. Firstly, built up its model by using a three-coordinate infrared ray’s measuring machine scanner to scan the blade’s geometry and then analyze the blade by computational fluid dynamics. Two commercial simulation software has been used to solve the dynamic fluid problem. Preprocessor – Gambit to set boundary and flow field, and then using the solver of Fluent to estimate the blade’s relevant parameters. In the simulation, several pitch angles has been investigate besides the original angle of the blade. The alteration of pitch angel will produce different torque; therefore, the blade’s efficiency has been change. Due to the magnitude of the pressure side and the suction side of the blade vary with the pitch angle by transferring the pressure data and boundary conditions in fluent to Ansys workbench 12.0 to investigate the blade structural stress.
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Travica, S., Klaus Pors, Paul M. Loadman, Steven D. Shnyder, I. Johansson, Mohammed N. Alandas, Helen M. Sheldrake, S. Mkrtchian, Laurence H. Patterson, and M. Ingelman-Sundberg. "Colon cancer-specific cytochrome P450 2W1 converts duocarmycin analogues into potent tumor cytotoxins." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6217.
Full textAbstract:
PURPOSE: Cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) is a monooxygenase detected in 30% of colon cancers, whereas its expression in nontransformed adult tissues is absent, rendering it a tumor-specific drug target for development of novel colon cancer chemotherapy. Previously, we have identified duocarmycin synthetic derivatives as CYP2W1 substrates. In this study, we investigated whether two of these compounds, ICT2705 and ICT2706, could be activated by CYP2W1 into potent antitumor agents. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The cytotoxic activity of ICT2705 and ICT2706 in vitro was tested in colon cancer cell lines expressing CYP2W1, and in vivo studies with ICT2706 were conducted on severe combined immunodeficient mice bearing CYP2W1-positive colon cancer xenografts. RESULTS: Cells expressing CYP2W1 suffer rapid loss of viability following treatment with ICT2705 and ICT2706, whereas the CYP2W1-positive human colon cancer xenografts display arrested growth in the mice treated with ICT2706. The specific cytotoxic metabolite generated by CYP2W1 metabolism of ICT2706 was identified in vitro. The cytotoxic events were accompanied by an accumulation of phosphorylated H2A.X histone, indicating DNA damage as a mechanism for cancer cell toxicity. This cytotoxic effect is most likely propagated by a bystander killing mechanism shown in colon cancer cells. Pharmacokinetic analysis of ICT2706 in mice identified higher concentration of the compound in tumor than in plasma, indicating preferential accumulation of drug in the target tissue. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a novel approach for treatment of colon cancer that uses a locoregional activation of systemically inactive prodrug by the tumor-specific activator enzyme CYP2W1.
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Lian, Chen-Chieh, and 連振傑. "Analysis, Simulation, and Design of a 2kW Wind Turbine with Passive Pitch Control." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74220800694733561041.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
102
Generally, wind turbines can be categorized into four types: the simplest one called no control, the one with local control containing electrical power control without functions of mechanical control, the one with passive control that has the power control and passive mechanical control, and the one with active control having the power control and active mechanical control. Most of the small wind turbines are designed with no control or local control due to cost effectiveness issues. Both of these two types, however, remain rooms for improvement in terms of performance. The purpose of the present study is to improve the performance of fixed-pitch TECO 2 kW wind turbine with additional passive pitch control mechanism along with parametric and sensitivity study. The cost of the proposed system can be reduced with standardization and mass production. Software packages MATLAB/SimMechanics combining with FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence), developed by NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), are used for investigation in the present study. Based on the concept from the Spain made wind turbine, Windspot, that the over-speed control with passive pitch mechanism can be achieved by utilizing the centrifugal force, we propose and design a new passive control mechanism and investigate the feasibility of adding the mechanism onto the fixed-pitch TECO 2kW wind turbine. Under high wind conditions, the pitch control mechanism reduces the rotation speed of the wind turbine and limits the capture of wind energy for the purpose of adjusting output power, achieving higher utilization efficiency of wind power and providing protection for rotor blades. Both the Windspot and the new-designed passive mechanism are modeled and parametrically studied. The optimal designs that give better performance are summarized and suggested as follows: (1) For the TECO 2kW wind turbine with Windspot passive control mechanism, the spring constant is 6200 N/m and weight stick length is 20 cm. (2) For the turbine with new design mechanism, the spring constant and stick length are 9000 N/m and 25 cm, respectively. It is shown that the cut-out wind speed can be extended with proper selection of the spring constant and stick length. As a results, the present study successfully demonstrate that the TECO 2 kW fixed-pitch wind turbine is improved by two types of passive pitch control mechanisms.
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Chen, Yi-Chang, and 陳奕錩. "The Study of Hydraulic Variable Speed Transmission Control for a 2MW Wind Turbine." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40057243400800497272.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
101
The thesis aims to investigate three different types of hydraulic variable speed transmission system for 2MW wind turbines. Instead of the gear box, the hydraulic variable speed transmission system can achieve a steady rotational speed for the generator of 2MW wind turbine for avoiding the rectification and increasing the electric generation efficiency. The mathematical models of three different types of hydraulic variable speed transmission system, including the direct-driving hydrostatic transmission system, feedback-driving hydrostatic transmission system and feedback-driving hydrodynamic transmission system, are derived respectively. The dynamic simulation of the three systems is implemented via MATLAB/SIMULINK. For achieving the constant rotational speed control of generator, fuzzy sliding mode control is used for the controller design. Finally, open-loop simulation of the three transmission systems and closed-loop simulation of constant rotational speed control are performed for verifying the feasibility and the control performance.
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Yen, Ting-Yu, and 顏廷宇. "Casting process and material control on the castingof 2MW wind turbine rotor hub system." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81795860601223231998.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
95
This research focuses on the casting of wind turbine rotor hub system, establishing an engineering-rule of alloy design and casting process. In our experiment, we investigate the influence of C、Si、Ni amounts and the technique of nodularizing and inoculation treatment on microstructure, tensile property, low-temperature(-20oC) impact property, and anti-corrosion property so to arrive at an optimal alloy design and casting process for the manufacturing of the wind turbine rotor hub system. The purpose of this research is to achieve the following engineering-rule for castings of wind turbine rotor hub system: tensile strength of 370 MPa and above,yield strength of 220MPa and above, elongation of 12% and above and impact strength(-20oC) of 10J(an averagy of three specimens,at least 7J of each specimen)。 Based on the results of our research, we conclude that: (1) for the design of alloy, the amount for Si should be approximately 2.1% and the carbon equivalent should be approximately 4.0% (2) as to the tensile property and impact property, the nodule count required is between 120/ mm2 ~ 140 / mm2, and the amounts of pearlite should be in the interval of 4%~5% (3) for thick-walled spheroidal graphite cast iron, suitable post inoculation practice (i.e.ladle inoculation plus instantaneous inoculation, or ladle inoculation plus inmold inoculation) is required to achieve desired microstructures and mechanical properties of the castings, and (4) 0.8% addition of Ni doesn’t have any significant effect on the microstructure of spheroidal graphite cast iron and anti-corrosion property; therefore, in practice, we still have to conduct anti-corrosion practice on castings.
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Fu, Sheng-Po, and 傅聖博. "The Study of the Performance evaluation and Structural analysis of 2KW Wind Turbine Blade." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27684007691254160931.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
99
To face of cut carbon and reduce costs is the global trend；green energy industry has become a new hot industry around the world. After a national long-term research and development, wind power equipment has been gradually becoming more mature. Compared to the huge market of large-scale wind turbines and technological barriers, small wind turbine market diversity of uses has also been favored. Small wind power industry in Taiwan has been gradually formed, in the wind turbine parts, such as blades, generators, bearings, towers, control systems and related component makers have possess with a high level of technology. But after the actual test runs at the National Penghu University Wind Park by the monitoring platform, shows that many turbines through the measured data is difficult to achieve in line with the original offer, and some cannot achieve even the basic safety factor. In view of this, the main purpose is to analyze the blades correspond with the manufacturers information and provide analysis and simulation methods, hoping to compare with the manufacturer’s data. The analysis used in this paper is divided into two parts; the first part is the accuracy of the analysis blade results, second part analysis the blade structure. First, the power factor (Cp) can be obtain by CFD software Fluent, and using two-dimensional software Foilsim to verify the results of CFD, and compared with manufacturers data. Fluent can calculate its optimum power factor under each wind speed corresponding to RPM (rotation per minute). The second part, using the finite element software (ANSYS) calculated the stress distribution on the blade, in this article assumes that three common blade material, aluminum, glass fiber and carbon fiber. The simulation calculated different wind speeds vary from low to high and observe the blade stress distribution. After considering the maximum stress, blade tip deformation and manufacturing costs, the glass fiber in the production of blades is more appropriate.
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HUANG, LI-SHIH, and 黃礪仕. "The effect of 2wt.%Y addition on the mechanical properties and aging strengthening of ZK60 magnesium alloys." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3e92kh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
材料科學與工程學系
102
The ZK60 is recognized as a high potential precipitation strengthening magnesium alloy. This study added 2wt.%Y in order to further improve the mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy. Three different aging processes, the ordinary aging, pre-cold rolling plus aging, and two stages aging were adopted for increasing the nucleation sites of precipitation. The results show that 2wt.% Y added ZK60 alloy displayed obvious grain refining. According to the EDS analysis, the Y-bearing second phases appeared on the grain boundaries. It is inferred that the second phases hindered the grain growth during the solidification. The XRD spectra showed that the W-phase existed after solid solution treatment. MgZn phase precipitated on the matrix during aging treatment. According to the tensile test results, the two stages aging could get the improvement of mechanical properties obviously. Besides, rare earth elements bearing magnesium alloy possesses superplasticity according the literature. This study also investigated the high temperature tensile test. The results showed that 2wt.%Y added ZK60 alloy achieved high yield strength of 165MPa at 200℃. The elongation increased abruptly above 300℃.
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Chen, Chang-Sheng, and 陳昌聖. "The Study of Dynamic Simulation Analysis for a 2MW Direct-Drive Wind Turbine Using FAST and MATLAB/SIMULINK." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10625475453560883268.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
100
The thesis aims to investigate the dynamic simulation and analysis for a 2MW direct-drive wind turbine using softwares FAST and MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is divided into two parts to build dynamic system of wind turbine. The first part, we establish FAST-related data files from some files of a 2MW wind turbine, including lift, drag and pitching moment coefficient data files, blade data file, tower data file, wind data file and aerodynamic data files. FAST focused on mechanical dynamic simulation of wind turbine. The second part, we set up nonlinear models of a directly-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator, variable pitch control system and yaw system by means of MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, controller design is inserted to implement the control of subsystem of wind turbine, including directly-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator, variable-pitch control and yaw control system. By integrating control strategy and theory, we can realize the maximum power output by tracking the speed that the tip-speed ratio corresponding to under the rated wind speed. While the wind speed is above the rated wind speed, the DC motor-driving variable-pitch control system that combing fuzzy sliding mode controller starts to perform for to keeping the rated rotor speed and the rated power output by adjusting the pitch angles.
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Liao, Chi-Min, and 廖啟閔. "Research on Variable Pitch Control of Blades and Hydrostatic Transmission Variable Rotational Speed Control for a 2MW Wind Turbine." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57812236573001435403.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
98
The thesis aims to develop a novel pitch control system of a large wind turbine driven by a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system. In order to realize practical experiments of the pitch control, the full-scale test rig of the hydraulic pitch control system of a 2 MW wind turbine’s blade, including a novel mechanism of pitch control, a variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, a disturbance system and a PC-Based control system, are designed and set up. The variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system, which contains an AC servo motor, a constant displacement hydraulic piston pump, two differential hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic circuits, performs high response and high energy efficiency, such that it is suitable for the applications in wind turbines. Besides, in order to implement the pitch control in the proposed novel pitch control system, the adaptive fuzzy controller with self-tuning fuzzy sliding-mode compensation (AFC-STFSMC) is developed to design the pitch controller. Finally, the developed variable-speed pump-controlled hydraulic servo system has been realized and verified for the path tracking control of the pitch control of the wind turbines by practical experiments in the full-scale test rig under different path profiles, load torques, and random wind speed. The simulation results of the hydrostatic transmission varable speed control system which is used on 2 MW wind turbines are implemented in this research. Through analyzing of the simulations, the hydrostatic transmission system can replace the gear box and has many advantages used in large wind turbines.
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Tseng, Yu-Chung, and 曾玉君. "Raman Spectroscopy and Extended X-ray absorption fine structure Characterization of La(2-x)/3NaxMg1/2W1/2O3 Microwave Ceramics." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74tu96.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
物理學系
96
The structure and microwave dielectric properties of 1：1 ordered La(2-x)/3Nax(Mg1/2W1/2)O3 (x is Na+ ion concentration, from 0 to 0.5) ceramics were investigated by the X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure measurement. XRD phase analysis shows that all La-substituted samples exhibit single phase and the crystal symmetry change from orthorhombic to monoclinic phase. The Q×f value and the dielectric permittivity decrease as x increase, although the estimated concentration of A-site vacancies decreases with increasing x. EXAFS analysis indicates that the W-O average bond length decreases with the larger addition of Na+ ion. Therefore the volume of oxygen-octahedron is decreasing due to the slight distortion of the oxygen octahedral influenced by Na+ ion-doped. This result is consistent with the decrease of dielectric permittivity. The strongest peak near 850 cm-1 in Raman spectra is A1g(O) mode which is in the stretching mode of oxygen octahedron. The reduce of A-site density for small atomic weight of Na+ ion-doped results in softening of WO6 stretching, as A1g(O) phonon undergoes redshifted. Such behavior indicates that the structure of three-dimensional oxygen-octahedral framework become relaxed for high Na doped sample, although the volume of oxygen-octahedron is decreasing. The microwave Qxf value is strongly correlated with the order of A/B-site atom and the symmetry of crystalline structure. Hence, the microwave performance of doped 1：1 ordered ceramics reflects the changes in the oxygen octahedral structure.
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Nabawy, Ahmed. "Influence of zirconium and scandium on the microstructure, tensile properties, and hot-tearing susceptibility of Al-2WT%Cu-based alloys." Thèse, 2010. http://constellation.uqac.ca/289/1/030139020.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement de nouveaux alliages, caractérisés par un rapport résistance-poids élevé et par un faible coût de production est un des objectifs majeurs de l'industrie de l'automobile afin de réduire les émissions de CO2 en réduisant le poids des pièces tout en conservant les propriétés mécaniques à haute température. L'alliage Al-2%Cu contenant 2%Cu, l%Si, 0.4%Mg, 0,42%Fe, 0.7%Mn et 0.02%Ti est l'un de ces alliages. Sa faible teneur en Cu et Si associé à un niveau acceptable de la résistance à la traction, permet à ce dernier de remplacer un certain nombre d'alliages comme le 319 pour des applications similaires telles que la coulée de culasses et de bases de moteur. En tant que nouvel alliage, il nécessite une enquête approfondie afin d'optimiser différentes caractéristiques telle la coulabilité, la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques. Cette étude a été entreprise afin d'étudier les effets des additifs chimiques comme le zirconium et le scandium sur la microstructure, les propriétés de traction et la susceptibilité à la déchirure à chaud. Cette enquête a été réalisée à partir de 31 compositions d'alliage (Al-2%Cu) qui ont été divisés en trois catégories d'alliages principaux liés à la microstructure, les propriétés de traction et les enquêtes sur la déchirure à chaud. À titre comparatif, sept compositions de l'alliage 206 (Al-4%Cu) ont également été employées.
Dans la première catégorie, dix alliages ont été coulés utilisent comme principaux additifs le Zr et le Se en combinaison avec le Ti-B, le Sr et l'Ag sous des conditions de refroidissement lent d'environ 0,3°C/s et à des concentrations relativement élevées de 0,5%Zr et 0,5%Sc. Un certain nombre d'intermétalliques primaires de Zr, Se et Zr-Sc ont été observés dans les alliages étudiés, à savoir la phase étoilée Al3(Sci-xZrx), les phases AI3SC, V-AISC2S12, A^Zr, en plus de deux autres composés intermétalliques de Zr. Il a été observé que les cristaux A^Zr servent de noyaux pour les phases étoilées qui croient par la précipitation des couches d'A^Sc, avec la substitution progressive des atomes Se par les atomes Zr. Également, la phase en étoile continue de croître à l'état solide par l'absorption de Se pour ainsi former la phase AI3SC, observée sous la forme de spirale sur les bords de la particule. Des composés intermétalliques inconnus ternaires AlZrSi et quaternaires AlZrTiSi ont également été détectés. Il a été constaté que les additions combinées de Zr et Se ont grandement modifiées la taille et la morphologie des grains de l'alliage de base. La taille des grains diminue proportionnellement avec l'augmentation de la fraction volumique des intermétaîliques résultants de l'ajout combiné de Zr et de Se qui, à son tour, conduit à la formation à profusion de la phase étoilée. Les effets bénéfiques des éléments de transition Zr, Se, Ti à affiner la taille des grains a-Al et à transformer la morphologie d'un précipité dendritique à tm non-dendritique mène, indirectement, à une réduction sensible de la taille des composés intermétalliques tels que les phases a - Fe et AfcCu.
Dans la seconde catégorie, dix-sept alliages différents ont été préparés en utilisant différentes additions de Zr, Se, Ti-B, Sr, Ag et Si. Ces alliages ont été divisés en quatre11 sous-groupes, comme suit: Zr-Ti, Zr-Srs Zr-Sc et les alliages de silicium. Les barreaux pour les essais de traction (Vitesse de refroidissement 7°C/s) coulés de ces alliages ont été mis en solution pour une période de 8 heures à 490°C, puis durci par vieillissement à des temps de 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24 et 48h à 180°C et 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24 et 48h à 220°C. Il a été signalé que les additions combinées de Zr-Ti, Zr-Sr, Zr-Sc réduit considérablement la taille des grains de l'alliage de base de 219 microns à 104-46 um étant donné que ces éléments forment des intermétalliques trialuminide primaire y compris Al3(Sci-xZrx), Al3(Scj.x. yZrxTiy), et AlsZr qui agissent comme sites de nucléation pour les grains a-Al, produisant ainsi une structure fine non dendritique. La morphologie raffinée non-dendritique produite par les additions combinées de Zr-Ti, Zr-Sr, Zr-Sc a entraîné une réduction d'environ 65% dans la fraction de surface de la phase Ai-2%Cu dans l'alliage de base, et à une réduction de la porosité d'environ 50%. Une augmentation de 2%Si a également produit les mêmes résultats, provoquée par l'augmentation de la teneur en Al-Si eutectique. Le durcissement maximal est atteint après des vieillissements de ÎOh et 24h à 180°C et de lh et 2h à 220°C. Les groupes d'alliage Zr-Sr et Zr-Ti ont fournis la meilleure amélioration des propriétés de mécaniques de l'alliage de base Al-2%Cu alors que les groupes Zr-Sc et Si occupent le troisième et quatrième niveau, respectivement. L'alliage contenant 0.02%Sr-0.7%Zr a fourni la plus grande limite à la rupture et des valeurs de résistance de 383 MPa et 326 MPa, respectivement, après 4h de vieillissement à 180°C. La résistance de l'alliage augmente dans le groupe d'alliage Zr-Ti en raison de l'augmentation de la teneur en Zr de 0,15% à 0,7% après un vieillissement de IOh à 180°C. Cette augmentation peut être attribuée aux dispersoïdes A^Zr et Als(Zri xTix) agissant en tant que sites de nucléation hétérogène pour les phases durcies par vieillissement, à l'action modifiante du Zr sur la phase AfeCuMg et à Faction du Zr-Ti à produire une structure de grains raffinés non- dendritiques. Les additions combinées de Zr-Sr et Sr-Ti produisent les meilleurs niveaux d'allongement de tous les alliages étudiés, comme en témoignent les alliages contenant 0.02%Sr-0.15%Ti et 0.02%Sr-0.7%Zr. Ces niveaux améliorés sont le résultat des effets de la modification du Sr sur les particules ot-Fe, ainsi que le rôle du Zr et du Ti à produire une structure non dendritique QJ-AI. L'alliage contenant 0.02%Sr-0.15%Ti a montré le plus haut niveau de résistance au ramollissement au cours du vieillissement à 220°C en raison des effets respectifs de la modification et du raffinage du Sr et du Ti sur la microstructure.
La troisième catégorie d'alliage comprend six alliages sélectionnés dans la seconde catégorie afin d'étudier les effets de la composition chimique et des paramètres du moule sur la susceptibilité à ia déchirure à chaud (HTS) du nouvel alliage Al-2%Cu. Les résultats HTS ont été comparés avec l'alliage 206. Généralement F alliage de base Al-2%Cu a donné une plus grade résistance à la déchirure à chaud que l'alliage 206. Une température du moule élevée est bénéfique dans la réduction de la susceptibilité à la déchirure à chaud des alliages Al-2%Cu et 206 par une baisse de la valeur HTS de 21 à 3 et 9, respectivement. La température du moule est passée de 250°C à 450°C. Le raffinement de la structure des grains obtenus avec les additions de Zr-Ti ou Ti a diminué la gravité de la déchirure à chaud suite à l'augmentation du nombre de film inter granulaire liquide par unité de volume et a retardé l'atteinte du point de cohérence. L'augmentation de la teneur en silicium réduit considérablement la vulnérabilité à la déchirure à chaud de l'alliage Al-2%Cu; cette réduction est attnbuable à une augmentation de la fraction volumique de l'eut ectique, et une diminution du point de fusion de l'alliage. L'ajout du Sr a détérioré la résistance à la déchirure à chaud en raison de la formation d'oxydes de Sr et à l'extension de l'échelle de congélation de l'alliage. Il a été signalé que les particules os-Fe peuvent gêner la propagation de la fissure lors de la déchirure à chaud.
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Lin, I.-Feng, and 林宜鋒. "Surface Reaction of Tungsten Complex (tBuN)2W(NEt2)2 on Si(100)." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50371201586083017324.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
應用化學系
90
The surface reaction of (tBuN)2W(NEt2)2 on Si(100) has been investigated using Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). TPD result shows that, besides molecular amine desorption, the (tBuN)2W(NEt2)2 precursor decomposes through hydrogen elimination at b and g sites, producing imine and isobutene, respectively, between 400 to 700 K. Additionally, hydrogen desorption occurs at 810 K, characteristic of monohydride desorption. XPS data show the incipient formation of tungsten metal begins at 500 K and the conversion to tungsten metal is completed at above 800 K. Taken together, the thermal decomposition of (tBuN)2W(NEt2)2 seems to proceed as follows. As the surface is heated, the precursor molecules gradually lose the amine ligands to the Si surface and the adsorbed amines then partially desorb and partially decompose via hydrogen eliminations to produce isobutene and imine.
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Cheng, Yaw-Chung, and 鄭堯中. "Substitution Reactions of Phosphido bridged complexes Cp(CO)2W(PPh2)W(CO)5." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49637863011436766432.
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Chen, Hsin-Hong, and 陳信宏. "Design of 5.8 GHz Active Microstrip Antenna using 2W PA MMIC for WiMAX." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9m6aj7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
電機工程學系碩士班
96
An active antenna operating at 5.8 GHz using 2-W power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (PA MMIC) has been developed to meet the demands of the compact size, low noise and few matched devices for wireless communications. The operation of the active antenna is based on a slot-microstrip antenna and a 2-W PA MMIC. The antenna with 5.4-dBi gain was obtained since it can be easily integrated with following circuits on the same substrate. The 33.4 dBm of 1-dB gain compression output power (P1dB) and the 43.8 dBm at 3rd-order intercept point (OIP3) of the 2-W PA MMIC were achieved. The active antenna was then simulated by conjugate-matched with the slot-microstrip antenna and the 2-W PA MMIC on a GaAs substrate. This active antenna has the characteristics of lowest noise figure, compact size and low cost.
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Schoenebeck, Casey Walter. "An evaluation of yellow perch Perca flavescens mortality in South Dakota /." 2009. http://wfs.sdstate.edu/wfsdept/Publications/Theses/Schoenebeck,%20Casey%20W.%20Ph.D.-2009.pdf.
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Schaeffer, Travis W. "Performance of Nile tilapia and yellow perch fed diets containing distillers dried grain with solubles and extruded diet characteristics /." 2009. http://wfs.sdstate.edu/wfsdept/Publications/Theses/Schaeffer,%20Travis%20W.%20M.S.%20-%202009.pdf.
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秦茂原. "Weil/Tate Pairing 基於 Radix 2^(2w)+1 之快速演算法." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83980587722991090104.
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Tetteh, Antonia Yarbeh. "Breeding for resistance to powdery mildew race 2w in watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08222008-163839/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Hsu, fu-yung, and 徐富勇. "Synthesis，Structure and Reaction of Metal-Metal Bonded Heterobimetallic Phosphido-Bridged complex (CO)3Fe(μ-PPh2)2W( CO)4." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77111746797493191746.
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