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Kurg, Andres. "3+1 architects." Architectural Design 77, no. 4 (2007): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.496.
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Bishore, D. S., P. Ashika, M. Ramachandran, Ramu Kurinjimalar, and Sriram Soniya. "Exploring Architecture Modeling and Design Studio." Sustainable Architecture and Building Materials 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/sabm/1/1/3.
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Architects are generally highly respected in the community and architecture is an important career opportunity if you want to be seen as a respected person in the community. Because of their creativity and attention to detail, they are considered a blend of art and ingenuity. Architecture, which encompasses a variety of disciplines including art, science, history, geography and philosophy, is more difficult than many degrees to think creatively and technically. Architecture is an incredibly time consuming subject, with an average workload of 36.7 hours per week. Mathematics is difficult in architecture In general, the mathematics required for architecture is not so difficult. You have to do addition and multiplication, create and solve equations; you do not have to pass an advanced calculus exam to work in the industry. The beauty of Architecture is about the performance and behavior of architectural structures and facade elements. The structural form should have an aesthetic appeal, while being driven by engineering ideas. They must have a variety of qualities, most of which must be well understood. Architects must have a strong understanding of all building fields, including architecture, electrical and mechanical engineering. Wisdom is needed. Being smart does not make you a better architect, it gives you a better foundation. A good architect wants to know anything and everything about a given project. They constantly ask questions, talk to superiors, seek feedback and stay in touch overall to make sure they are getting the project right.
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McGinley, Tim Pat, Thomas Vestergaard, Cheol-Ho Jeong, and Finnur Pind. "An OpenBIM workflow to support collaboration between Acoustic Engineers and Architects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012164.
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Abstract Architects require the insight of acoustic engineers to understand how to improve and/or optimize the acoustic performance of their buildings. Normally this is supported by the architect providing digital models of the design to the acoustic engineer for analysis in the acoustician’s disciplinary software, for instance Odeon. This current workflow suffers from the following challenges: (1) architects typically require feedback on architectural disciplinary models that have too much geometric information unnecessarily complicating the acoustic analysis process; (2) the acoustician then has to waste time simplifying that geometry, (3) finally, this extra work wastes money which could otherwise be spent on faster design iterations supported by frequent feedback between architects and acousticians early in the design process. This paper focuses on the architect / acoustician workflow, however similar challenges can be found in other disciplines. OpenBIM workflows provide opportunities to increase the standardization of processes and interfaces between disciplines by reducing the reliance on the proprietary discipline specific file formats and tools. This paper lays the foundation for an OpenBIM workflow to enable the acoustic engineer to provide near real time feedback on the acoustic performance of the architectural design. The proposed workflow investigates the use of the international standard IFC as a design format rather than simply an exchange format. The workflow is presented here with the intention that this will be further explored and developed by other researchers, architects and acousticians.
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Saarinen, Stina, Hüseyin Emre Ilgın, Markku Karjalainen, and Teemu Hirvilammi. "Individually Designed House in Finland: Perspectives of Architectural Experts and a Design Case Study." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122246.
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This article provides a comprehensive understanding of small house practices, including the perspective of Finnish architectural experts, by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews and proposing an individually designed house case study with a particular focus on cost and quality. Key findings based on main themes including the role and qualifications of the architect, architect’s involvement, architect’s fee, reasons to hire an architect, implementation, quality, and cost, highlighted that: (1) architect can assist small house projects in many ways, such as accurately identifying the client’s needs, choosing the most suitable layout, and applications for building permits; (2) allocating sufficient time for planning an average of six months is critical for the thoughts of both the architect and the client to mature in peace; (3) the share of architectural design in the total cost of the project is around 3–5%; (4) it is estimated that the total amount of small houses designed by an architect is between 10–20%; (5) an architect’s typical client is reported to be those who dream of a long-term home and are concerned with aesthetics as well as functional quality; (6) the client is always satisfied with the quality of the house designed by the architect; (7) while an individually designed home may seem more costly than a prefab home, an architect-designed home can be affordable as long as the budget is known from the start of the project. It is believed that this paper will encourage the participation of architects in small house projects that will be expanded and established in the Finnish residential construction industry.
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Saifudin Mutaqi, Ahmad. "Architecture Studio Learning: Strategy to Achieve Architects Competence." SHS Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184104004.
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In most Schools of Architecture, Architecture Studio is at the core of the architectural learning process. In the process, students are trained to have the skills of architectonic spaces design based on the study of the site, its function, and its aesthetics. Students are also trained to have awareness and understanding about the impact of their design on the surrounding environment, both physically and socially. Also, students are trained to present their designs in various forms such as visual graphics, verbal narratives, and three dimensional model animations. Indonesian Association of School of Architecture (APTARI Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Arsitektur Indonesia) and Indonesian Institute of Architects (IAI - Ikatan Arsitek Indonesia) has formulated an education Standards, Curriculum, and Achievements of Architect Professional Program to be referred by Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (KEMENRISTEKDIKTI – Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, danPerguruanTinggi) as the guidance for the implementation of Architect Professional Program (PPA - Pendidikan Profesi Arsitek) in Indonesia. One of the eight recommendations is the PPA Content Standard which contains the learning for the achievement of IAI Architect Competencies through the recommended study materials. However, the recommended study materials did not indicate the activity of the Architecture Studio learning model (Final Report of APTARI Part II and IAI). Will architect’s competence be achieved if the learning process withoutarchitectural studio learning model? The formulation of the curriculum that is developed independently by the IAI recommends the learning of Architectural Studio as Professional Studio. The size of the SKS is large enough to enable someone who follows the lesson to intensively gain experience in designing the building as a real architectural work. This Architecture Studio learning model is interpreted by PPAr organizer universities with various forms, among others: (1) apprenticeship of architects; (2) supervised studios; And (3) project simulation studio. From various models of Architecture learning model mentioned above, all aim to achieve 13 Architect Competence as formulated by IAI. Which model is effective in learning the Architectural Studio mentioned above? This exploratory study would like to compare the three forms of Architecture Studio learning model to see how much the achievement of the targeted competencies by measuring the success of Competency Test activities still use the standards implemented by LPJK by involving assessors from IAI. The results of the comparison will show the compatibility of the implementation of the Architecture Studio learningmodel what is considered effective. These findings will certainly benefit the development of future PPAr implementation, especially if the Architecture Studio model can be commensurate with the studios developed by the School of Architecture in various countries, at least in the region of 21 member countries ARCASIA.
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Prakash, Anand, and Milind Phadtare. "Service quality for architects: scale development and validation." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 25, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 670–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2017-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and explain an empirically validated scale to measure service quality for architects in India. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a systematic procedure for development of a psychometric scale in three phases. Phase 1 includes item generation and selection through review of literature and expert opinion. Phase 2 comprises scale refinement using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Phase 3 applies confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for establishing convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. This study has involved 15 expert participants in Phase 1 and sought participation from 250 respondents using an online questionnaire in two other independent phases. Findings The findings of the empirical study resulted in the development of a 22-item scale that measures the constructs such as design quality, project administration quality, communication quality, relationship quality and dependability quality. Research limitations/implications This study has developed a context-specific psychometric scale of service quality for architects in India using snowball sampling. Although this study identified five valid service quality factors, the classified information relating to the formation of expectations was not collected. Practical implications This reliable and valid scale would be helpful for architects to measure the level of service quality in enhancing business performance. This study has established that service quality for architects is achieved only when the perceived benefits are available from the aspects like design, project administration, communication, relationship and dependability. Social implications This study can facilitate an architect interested in opportunities relating to contracting, consulting and engineering to explore possibilities of higher fees from clients. Originality/value This study is an original attempt in developing a validated tool to measure service quality of architects in India.
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Clarke, Nicholas, and Marieke Kuipers. "Acknowledging the Dignity of Architectural Heritage Adding a Fourth Virtue to the Vitruvian Triad." Athens Journal of Architecture 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2023): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.9-3-1.
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Addressing the complex legacies of the past in architectural education and built constructions, calls for a reconsidering of the principles of architectural design and conservation. The current challenges of housing, sustainable development and heritage adaptation present huge dilemmas for architects. Yet today architects are only by exception trained to detect heritage values prior to drafting their interventions for adaptive reuse or upgrading. To this day, Western architectural thinking is influenced by the Vitruvian triad Firmitas, Utilitas and Venustas, and the truncated maxim ‘Form Follows Function’ as disseminated by the protagonists of the Modern Movement. These established a divide between the design for new-build and the care of already existing buildings. This divide is marked by the two Charters of Athens: the 1931 Carta del Restauro adopted at the First International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, and La Chartre d’Athènes presented by Le Corbusier as a result of the 4th CIAM Congress on the Functional City (1933). This paper attempts to bridge the identified divide by adding the idea of ‘Dignitas’ (dignity) as an equal virtue to the Vitruvian triad. Though not new for itself, this concept may aid to raise awareness of architectural dignity in extant buildings. Keywords: architectural theory, architectural education, conservation theory, Renovation Challenge, Dignitas
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SUNSTEIN, CASS R. "Nudges that fail." Behavioural Public Policy 1, no. 1 (May 2017): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2016.3.
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AbstractWhy are some nudges ineffective, or at least less effective than choice architects hope and expect? Focusing primarily on default rules, this essay emphasizes two reasons for this. The first involves strong antecedent preferences on the part of choosers. The second involves successful “counternudges,” which persuade people to choose in a way that confounds the efforts of choice architects. Nudges might also be ineffective, and less effective than expected, for five other reasons: (1) some nudges produce confusion in the target audience; (2) some nudges have only short-term effects; (3) some nudges produce “reactance” (though this appears to be rare); (4) some nudges are based on an inaccurate (though initially plausible) understanding on the part of choice architects of what kinds of choice architecture will move people in particular contexts; and (5) some nudges produce compensating behavior, resulting in no net effect. When a nudge turns out to be insufficiently effective, choice architects have three potential responses: (1) do nothing; (2) nudge better (or differently); and (3) fortify the effects of the nudge, perhaps through counter-counternudges, or perhaps through incentives, mandates, or bans.
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Asut, Melis Baloglu, and Yüksel Demir. "A network as a source of knowledge for the education of an architect." SHS Web of Conferences 64 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196402011.
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In a learning space, whether it is surrounded by digital tools or not, the way a tutor represents the information is usually in a linear fashion. However, e-learning platforms have already started to support the learner and a new paradigm for learning. In light of these thoughts and concerns, this paper is focused on the education of an architect and examines potential e-learning platforms including BlackBoard, Facebook in the case of an architectural course, EdX, and Khan Academy Knowledge Map based on the types of visual narrative, the aim of the platform, the information visualization quality, and data types. As an output, this study creates a comparative visualization to see and discuss the potentials of the tools for the education of an architect. After the analysis of e-learning platforms, this study concludes that (1) an education model based on a network can help architects to see the big picture, however it also causes data reduction and loss, (2) an education model based on a network allows architects to create their own learning paths and share it with their colleagues, (3) an education model based on a network may be a sustainable platform for architects from different experience levels and enhance the communication between them to support the youngers’ education, 4) an education model based on network decentralizes the process of learning and enriches it through the interaction between other learners, concepts, thoughts, and objects, (5) an education model based on network bridges the gap between what one already knows and what one needs to know to understand the whole picture, (6) an education model based on network gives the opportunity to compare previous years’ feedbacks, concepts, and thought in one medium.
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Beckwith, Francis, and Allison Krile Thornton. "Moral Status and the Architects of Principlism." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (July 29, 2020): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa019.
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Abstract In this article, we discuss Beauchamp and Childress’s treatment of the issue of moral status. In particular, we (1) introduce the five different perspectives on moral status that Beauchamp and Childress consider in Principles of Biomedical Ethics and explain their alternative to those perspectives, (2) raise some critical questions about their approach, and (3) offer a different way to think about one of the five theories of moral status (the theory based on human properties) that is more in line with what we believe some of its leading advocates affirm.
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Riaubiene, Edita, Eglė Navickeinė, and Dalia Dijokienė. "The profile of Lithuanian architects in relation to the professional generations active today." Landscape architecture and art 22, no. 22 (December 20, 2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2023.22.07.
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The research focuses on the professional profile of architects by analyzing their identity and creative principles. The aim is to explore the professional community of Lithuanian architects who are currently shaping the built environment, to identify their heterogeneity in terms of professional generations. The problem of the research is shaped by the current controversies in the field of architecture concerning the changing status, activities, and responsibilities of the architect. The relevance of the study lies in several aspects: the lack of in-depth sociological research on the professional community of Lithuanian architects; the attempt to verify and clarify the results of the semi-structured interview study Lithuanian Architects on Architecture, and the reflection on the global architectural situation and the new agenda for architectural design towards a high quality built environment. The study adopted a mixed methods research design. This involved the collection, analysis, and interpretation of both quantitative and qualitative data. This methodology is chosen because the research requires a complex and multifaceted approach to the phenomenon of architecture and the problems of architectural practice. It also allowed a larger group of research participants to be reached (450 respondents). The questionnaire contains 13 questions, each is structured in a multiple-choice format, with one option being an open-ended question. The questions are grouped under several themes: 1) the nature and fields of architectural practice and the concept of architecture; 2) the scope of practice and the allocation of professional time; 3) selfdetermination and professional loyalty; and 4) creative principles. Descriptive statistical methods were used to process the survey data. Content analysis and, to some extent, thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative data from open-ended questions. The study highlights that the professional generations of architects analyzed follow the general trend of architecture, refuting the hypothesis that the approach of each generation is significantly different. However, it has been observed that the representatives of each generation show a particular attitude in a specific area, which indicates the dynamics of an attitude or predicts a change in the architectural community as a whole. The youngest generation of architects is an indicator of change. It is characterized by seeing a great diversity of aspects in architecture and architectural practice.
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Derrett, J. Duncan M. "Paul as Master-builder." Evangelical Quarterly: An International Review of Bible and Theology 69, no. 2 (September 12, 1997): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-06902004.
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At 1 Co. 3:10-13 Paul warns ‘builders’ to have a care what they lay on his foundations. It has been the practice (a) to build on another’s foundations only according to his specifications, and (b) not to remove foundations unless proved faulty. Paul ‘laid’ Jesus and erections subsequent to this foundation-preaching must stand a test. Paul as architect never used others’ foundations (Rom. 15:20). His successors are judged by (c) his standards (architects are superior to tradesmen). If they pass, (d) he may lay foundations elsewhere, (e) not claiming credit for others' erections. So 2 Cor. 10:13–16. The kanōn is a set standard for all trades. There was no ‘province’ (a mistranslation).
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Wang, Xia Yang, and Qian Fei Shi. "The Energy-Saving and Land-Saving Utilization on Solar Radiation of Mountain Traditional Dwellings in East Shanxi — Take Hedi Town and Sandu Village as Examples." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1306.
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According to the survey，there are 7.057 billions of residents on this planet , facing a serious situation that land is only 29% of the star area, on which plain takes 1/3 and remains are mountainous region. With such a situation of lower residence and higher population, we must take it into consideration that living states in mountainous region. Due to resent years of high speed financial development among China, residential housing areas increase nearly 2 billions sq per year, among which rural residential building takes half part of the total national area. How to improve living condition and concentrate on low-carbon energy saving would be a required course of every modern architect. Traditional residence in mountainous would offer us modern architects many great ideas. This paper is going to research those out-standing features of Sandu village of Yangquan, Shanxi province.
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Salman, Abdullah S. "Architecture between Islamic thought and the phenomenon of deconstruct." Muthanna Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (October 6, 2019): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/3/mjet/2019-7-1/44-56.
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"What inspires the learner or scholar in the field of architecture, as a need to satisfy, is the ability of the architect to deal with many of the architectural trends at the same time through the identification and investment in the creation of architectural configurations acceptable or have the balance among many architects. This approach has united the idea that architecture originated from a single source connected to man and his continuous quest to create an acceptable and acceptable environment. What interested the research is dealing with the Islamization of deconstruct architecture. The research found the emerged from the architecture of deconstruct has achieved disjointed products of interpretation has been struck with the intention of the concept of unification in the architecture of Islam by abolishing the social concept and the impact of this in the creation of a unified architecture. While dealing with the texts shown in the Quran has achieved deconstruct as a purification of information by dealing with the phenomenon of production, it maintains its composition and do not deal with the deconstructive vision common to them. Or the circumference of the phenomenon as manipulated by the deconstruction through a distortion of the apparent configurations."
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McParland, Edward. "A bibliography of Irish architectural history." Irish Historical Studies 26, no. 102 (November 1988): 161–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400009640.
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What follows is a list — covering items published between 1900 and 1986 — of serious accounts of the history of important architectural projects undertaken in Ireland between the late seventeenth and early twentieth centuries. It is intended to be comprehensive in respect of monographs, collective works and articles in non-Irish periodicals, but in respect of Irish periodicals it is a supplement to Richard J. Hayes, Sources for the history of Irish civilisation: articles in Irish periodicals (9 vols, Boston, 1970). None of the above definitions is rigidly adhered to: much is included which falls outside their limits, but an attempt has been made to include everything that falls within them. The following have not been comprehensively included: (1) Monographs on non-resident architects whose careers, notwithstanding Irish commissions, were mainly abroad, e.g. Robert Adam, G.E. Street, Edwin Lutyens. This is partly because such architects are so numerous (there is evidence of over a hundred British architects having professional contacts with Ireland between 1750 and 1850) and partly because they are already well served bibliographically, e.g. by Howard Colvin, A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600–1840 (London, 1978); (2) studies of the foreign careers of Irish architects, e.g. James Hoban, Eileen Gray; (3) studies of vernacular architecture (but see entry under this heading in the index); (4) contemporary reviews or criticism of buildings; (5) reviews of books; (6) printed primary sources, such as J.T. Gilbert, Calendar of ancient records of Dublin… (19 vols, Dublin, 1889–1944).
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Del Sole, Francesco. "Neo-Baroque Flowers in Contemporary Architecture." Athens Journal of Architecture 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.10-3-1.
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Many historians have attempted to define Neo-Baroque in contemporary architecture. Yet, leafing through the manuals, it is not possible to find a definition of this phenomenon, described as “a hypothesis waiting to be developed”. This paper attempts to enter the debate, defining Neo-Baroque not as a mere citation practice, but as a cultural style that identifies today’s society, made of instability and restless expectations. To better understand the contemporary Neo-Baroque soul, the architectural historian must move using those same tools that animate Baroque aesthetics, trying to connect different times and concepts in order to realize relational subtleties that, in Baroque treatises, “are called flowers”. The formal value of Baroque architecture was rehabilitated in the 20th century by architects such as Paolo Portoghesi who, in parallel with the writing of the first manuals on the Baroque, intrinsically re-proposed neo-Baroque forms in his projects, making his architecture “blossom” through that dynamic of folds that is well described by the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. This folding will become a real working method for architects of the caliber of Frank Gehry who stretch and distend forms to replace the lost center with the fragmentation of viewpoints. Through an excursus of the most important “neo-Baroque flowers” of contemporary architecture, the contribution is an invitation to reflect on that aesthetic in which fold upon fold, fold within the fold, the neo-Baroque flowers express the same qualities as the flowers present in 17th-century architecture in plan and ornament: ephemeral, precarious, but also cultured citations and, in the words of Eugene D'Ors, “forms that fly”.
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Linzey, Kate. "The Auckland School of Music, Post-Modernism & Nervous Laughter." Architectural History Aotearoa 6 (October 30, 2009): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v6i.6751.
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In 1984, the book-of-the-television-show The Elegant Shed was released by Otago University Press, and subsequently reviewed by Libby Farrelly in New Zealand Architect (1985) 2:39-40. Declaring the cover "wholly seductive ... glutinous sensuality," but its contents only "occasionally brilliant," Farrelly asks a lot of a not very big volume: to be "a definitive treatise on New Zealand's architecture." Though concluding that such a demand was "unsupporting" Farrelly's persistent fear is that David Mitchell and Gillian Chaplin lacked a "valiant idea." The review included the plan of Hill, Manning, Mitchell Architects' design for the Auckland School of Music. Citing Mitchell's comment in The Elegant Shed that "there was no logical connection between the side of a grand piano and the shape of a noise deflecting wall," Farrelly warns that such arbitrary aesthetics condemns architecture to mere "applique." Though "applique" is not, strictly speaking, collage, patching together is an apt description of the design process evident in the Music School plan. In their description of the design Hill, Manning, Mitchell Architects tauntingly declared that the project contains elements of "Baroque, Spanish Mission and Post-Modern" architecture (New Zealand Architect (1981) 5/6:1-3), and suggested that their transition from being "straight-line modernists" to "sensuous and baroque... [is] not unexpected in middle age." This paper will discuss Manning & Mitchell's design of the Auckland Music School in the context of their own writings and seminal international texts on the post-modern architecture, Learning From Las Vegas (1972) and Complexity and Contradiction (1966) by Robert Venturi et al. and Colin Rowe's Collage City (1978). I will argue that the hardest thing for architecture to bear/bare, especially New Zealand architecture, is a sense of humour.
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Chen, Junming, Duolin Wang, Zichun Shao, Xu Zhang, Mengchao Ruan, Huiting Li, and Jiaqi Li. "Using Artificial Intelligence to Generate Master-Quality Architectural Designs from Text Descriptions." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 8, 2023): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092285.
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The exceptional architecture designed by master architects is a shared treasure of humanity, which embodies their design skills and concepts not possessed by common architectural designers. To help ordinary designers improve the design quality, we propose a new artificial intelligence (AI) method for generative architectural design, which generates designs with specified styles and master architect quality through a diffusion model based on textual prompts of the design requirements. Compared to conventional methods dependent on heavy intellectual labor for innovative design and drawing, the proposed method substantially enhances the creativity and efficiency of the design process. It overcomes the problem of specified style difficulties in generating high-quality designs in traditional diffusion models. The research results indicated that: (1) the proposed method efficiently provides designers with diverse architectural designs; (2) new designs upon easily altered text prompts; (3) high scalability for designers to fine-tune it for applications in other design domains; and (4) an optimized architectural design workflow.
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Makhmudova, Malika, and Muhayyo Makhmudova. "FORMATION OF THE RESTORATION SCHOOL IN UZBEKISTAN AND ITS ROLE IN PRESERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 25, 2018): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3078.
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The article considers the history of the origination of the restoration of the architectural heritage in Uzbekistan, the formation of a scientific methodology for the restoration of architectural monuments.Also, the article is devoted to the formation of the restoration school of Uzbekistan, information about the well-known architects-restorers and scientists who stood at the origins of the restoration work in the republic, such as M.F. Mauer, B.N. Zasypkin and others, as well as examples from their restoration practice is given in the article.The analytical method, generalization methods, systematization and practical experience were used in the article. In particular, the following were studied: (1) literature on the restoration of architecture in Uzbekistan, materials from the Central State Archives of Architecture of Uzbekistan, materials of the personal achieves of restorers; (2) practical experience of architects in the restoration of architectural monuments; (3) object of study: architectural heritage of Uzbekistan: minarets, mausoleums, mosques, madrasahs and other types of architectural objects; (4) subject of research: structures, domes, architectural decor of interiors and facades of monuments of architecture, as well as the activities of renowned architects-restorers and scientists of Uzbekistan.
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Valenti, Michael. "Seeking the Finer Light." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 05 (May 1, 1999): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-may-1.
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Manufacturers, engineers, architects, and researchers are using the precision, speed, and noncontact processes and achieve more control. Riegl Laser Systems of Horn, Austria, designed its 3-D LMS-Z210 imaging scanner to generate 240,000 laser measurement points within 30 seconds to create highly accurate images of complex structures without the need for conventional surveying. The National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland, is designing a laser-based system to track the myriad of tools, materials, and equipment on construction sites. Riegl Laser Measurement designed its LMS-Z210 3-D Imaging Scanner to serve in three-dimensional measurement applications that are too complex for traditional theodolites to survey, including shipyards, quarries, vineyards, and crime scenes. Riegl USA expects to begin several projects using the 3-D scanner to continuously monitor bulk material piles in the wood and corn processing industries to improve process management and control.
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Caine, Ian. "Inhabiting the Line: A Digital Chronology of Suburban Expansion for San Antonio, Texas." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 11, no. 1 (March 2017): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2017.0176.
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This project explores the power of lines to tell stories. For architects, lines are elemental devices: they catalyze and structure our ability to describe space. But can they describe time and experience? The following case study explores this question in depth while tracking the historical expansion of suburban life in San Antonio, Texas. The research focuses on five roads, re-imagining them as a series of concentric timelines that stretch from the city's historical center to its suburban periphery. To date the multi-disciplinary team—led by architect Ian Caine with collaboration from a historian and an urban geographer—has utilized three distinct media to represent the chronological growth of San Antonio: 1) a large two-dimensional timeline that the team exhibited in a museum gallery, 2) a video-based spatial-temporal narrative that simulated the experience of driving through the city, and 3) a web-based interactive timeline. 1 This article establishes the merits of the first two approaches—which are both complete—before speculating about the potential of the web-based version to recast the timeline as a narrative device capable of illuminating the complex relationship between time, space and experience in the contemporary city.
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Livian Teddy. "Tren desain arsitektur di indonesia yang mempengaruhi kerentanan bangunan terhadap gempa." Pixel :Jurnal Ilmiah Komputer Grafis 14, no. 1 (July 5, 2021): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/pixel.v14i1.459.
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Indonesia is an earthquake-prone zone country. Many victims of life and material due to the earthquake that occurred in Indonesia. One of them is the result of the collapse of the building. Buildings in Indonesia should be designed to withstand earthquakes. The resistance of buildings to earthquakes is highly dependent on their geometric configuration which is closely related to form and space. With the development of the era, it also affects the architectural 'trend' favored by architects and clients. But without realizing this trend can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Design trends carried out by architects that can affect the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes are: 1). Architectural styles that are developing in the world, 2). Transformation of the geometric form of the building, 3). Selection of building materials, 4). Placement of swimming pools on the roofs of high-rise buildings, and 5). Use of building modules.
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Gastmeier, William J. "Teaching concepts of acoustics in air—Part 3, reverberation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027120.
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This paper has been written to participate in the “Education in Acoustics” session at the 2024 joint conference of the Canadian Acoustical Association and the Acoustical Society of America. It is written to build on Parts 1 and 2 of this series and similarly contains materials extracted from 30 years of teaching to Architects at the University of Waterloo and Dalhousie University in Halifax. Part 1 dealt primarily with sound propagation in air and the concepts of longitudinal wave motion, speed, frequency and wavelength and related effects which relate to what we perceive as pitch. Part 2 expanded on those concepts by discussing superposition and the definition and measurement of sound pressure, decibels and the decibel scale and how to manage decibels, all of which we perceive as loudness. Part 3 deals with reverberation, which is arguably the most important aspect of how sound propagates in indoor spaces. It affects both our ability to communicate and how we experience and perceive the quality of the acoustical environment. Practical demonstrations are provided to enhance learning of the concept of Reverberation. These include “hands on” demonstrations including physical experimentation, an audio demonstration and written materials to advance the concept.
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Kolesnikova, M. N., Ye V. Bakhtina, and V. P. Timonin. "Libraries architecture and design as a subject of teaching at the library-information faculty." Bibliosphere, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-2-3-6.
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The article represents major issues of academic subject «Libraries architecture and design» at the library-information faculty of Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Culture. Authors examine the course evolution, present its scientific and educational base (dissertations, monographs, textbooks, etc.). Goals and objectives of the discipline are identified. The represented structure of the discipline contains the following sections: 1. Introduction to architecture. Theoretical bases of architectural design; 2. Architecture and planning of library buildings. 3. Functional division of libraries’ rooms; 4. Library interiors; 5. Design of library iconic-information systems. Students are familiarized with basic terminology and theoretical approaches of architectural design in the training process. Architectural features of libraries’ buildings, main architectural styles, professional biographies of eminent architects are examined in the course. Practical trainings include developing a library building draft. The libraries’ interior design is carried out in 3D-models and compact layouts on physical media. The educational process is organized in close cooperation with professionals in the field of architecture, particularly with the leading teachers of the Department of the Interior and Equipment of St.-Petersburg State Art-Industrial Academy. They provide methodical assistance and scientific advice, thus the course get the necessary format of teaching and the complexity level of formed competencies, which is available for non-architect students taking into account their existing knowledge, skills and abilities.
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Teddy, Livian, Gagoek Hardiman, N. Nuroji, and Sri Tudjono. "The New Method in Calculating Columns and Beams Dimensions That Meets Requirements of The Strong Column-Weak Beam and Non-Soft Story." Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism 1, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jadu.v1i2.4492.
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Situated at an earthquake prone area, buildings planning in Indonesia must implement earthquake resistant building principles. One of these principles is determining dimensions of columns and beams in the process of architectural designing.This act eventually affects the behaviour of the strong column-weak beam and the probability of bending failure due to soft story. At present time, there are no simple rules architects can use in calculating the dimensions of beams and columns that meet the criteria for strong column-weak beam and non-soft story. This paper is an effort to provide an input to the architects in designing the dimensions of the columns and beams. This research is a review result of three theories namely: 1). The theory of columns and beams preliminary design, 2). The theory of the strong column-weak beam concept, and 3). The theory of soft story and column slenderness. Those theories were then synthesized into a spreadsheet. To meet the criteria for strong column-weak beam and non-soft story, the following procedures must be done : 1). Determine the columns’ dimensions according to 0.15% of the columns’ cumulative tributary area, 2). Determine the beams’ dimensions according to 1/12 of the beams’ span and the beams’ plastic modulus, 3). Determine the columns’ dimensions and the columns’plastic modulus, 4). Determine the columns’ height based on the column slenderness criteria, and 5). Compare the columns plastic modulus and the beams plastic modulus and check whether they meet the criteria “the columns’plastic modulus ≥ 1.2 * the beams’ plastic modulus”.
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Abdul Hamid, N. H., M. E. Zainal Abdullah, N. I. Othmani, S. A. Mohamed, L. B. Yeo, W. S. N. Wan Mohamad, N. Ramlee, and N. Ujang. "Visual perception factors on the soundscape of urban shopping streets: Environmental factors." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1167, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1167/1/012047.
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Abstract In urban areas, the urge to improve acoustic environments has led to an increasing interest in the soundscape as an alternative approach to address noise pollution issues. Several studies have shown that the soundscape approach can manage the unwanted sound and transform it into resource sound in the areas, while the urban street context is expected to play an important role too. Thus, this study aims to assess visual perception factors on soundscape (appropriateness, calmness, and eventfulness) of urban shopping street as an environmental factors. Data was collected in three urban shopping streets at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia through a soundscape survey (n = 411) according to the ISO12913-2 technical specifications standards. Multiple Linear Regression was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed in three aspects, that are: (1) The interesting, beautiful and harmonious indicators under visual quality of environment dimension were highly preferred by the users. (2) All the soundscape dimensions have significant effects on the predictors. Appropriateness (R2=.454) is the most prominent factor, followed by eventfulness (R2=.298) and calmness (R2=.139). (3) All soundscape dimension has a higher impact on visual perception (β=.536, β=.356, and β=.202) than other predictors by comparing the standardised coefficients. The result from the present study showed that visual perception factors could be helpful indicators for better understanding soundscapes and assist the urban planners, architects and landscape architects in designing conducive acoustic environment of urban shopping streets.
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Garber, M. P. "Focusing Extension Resources to Diverse Clientele." HortTechnology 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.2.197.
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Marketing techniques were valuable in the development of an extension and research support program for the diverse Georgia nursery industry. The support program was developed in three stages: 1) needs assessment and development of industry alliances, 2) initiation of a research program based on priority needs, and 3) technology transfer. The needs assessment was facilitated by the development of a distribution channel map for the Georgia landscape/nursery industry. The industry alliances developed early in the project facilitated conduct of the research program and technology transfer. The research component was identified from an informal needs assessment and qualitative information on industry relations inferred from the distribution channel map. The research results support the contention that landscape architects have a significant influence on demand for nursery crops and that nursery operators should treat this group as important customers. The focus for technology transfer is improved marketing procedures and more efficient working relationships between nursery operators and landscape architects. This includes development of new alliances at the industry/association level, improved marketing practices for nursery operators, and positioning extension publications to benefit multiple industry segments.
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Wei, Youman, Siyan Wang, Hongwei Dang, and Peng Liu. "Climate Adaptability Analysis on the Shape of Outpatient Buildings for Different Climate Zones in China Based on Low-Energy Target." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122121.
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Under the impact of COVID-19 and the needs for urban expansion, a large number of outpatient buildings have been rapidly constructed, but the problem of high energy consumption has always been ignored. There is a lack of research on the adaptability of building shape in different climate zones. Many studies have shown that a reasonable shape in the early stage of design can significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings. Therefore, it helps if architects quickly select a reasonable shape that can effectively reduce energy consumption. This study summarized a number of outpatient building cases in China and proposed three typical building shapes: centralized-type (Shape-1), corridor-type (Shape-2), and courtyard-type (Shape-3). The Design Builder tool was used to simulate and analyze the typical building energy consumption in different climate zones. The simulation results show that Shape-2 (angle: 0°) should be chosen in severe cold zone; Shape-1 (angle: 90°) should be chosen in cold zone; Shape-1 (angle: 0°) should be chosen in hot summer and cold winter zone; Shape-1 (angle: 60°) should be chosen in hot summer and warm winter zone; and Shape-1 or Shape-2 can be chosen in warm zone. The results of this study can provide suggestions for the energy saving design of outpatient buildings in China and other areas with similar conditions. The result can help architects make rapid shape selection in the early stage of design.
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Teddy, Livian, Johannes Adiyanto, and Husnul Hidayat. "Identifying geometric configuration of earthquake-resistant buildings." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.839.
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Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is located at the world's most active tectonic plates and hundreds of local faults. Obviously, there have been many earthquake victims caused by collapsed buildings, hence the need for earthquake-resistant construction. However, there is not much guidance for architects to design earthquake-resistant buildings. This research proposes guidance for architects on how to design building forms relatively able to resist earthquakes. The simulation experiment method involving 32 building models in various forms was employed. The experimental results were then analyzed with modal analysis in ETABS and SVA for architectural design. Based on the analysis report, some guidelines were proposed: 1). Avoid buildings that are too slender, use the slenderness ratio H/D ≤ 2, 2). Avoid soft stories where the ratio of the top column height (h) to the bottom column height (h1) ≤ 0.8, 3). Use symmetrical shapes with 1 or 2 axes and avoid shapes with random compositions, 4). Use the additive and subtractive mass transformation ≤ 15%, 5).Strengthen the structural elements, install shear walls, or use dilatation to minimize potential torsional irregularities and non-parallel system irregularities of L, T, U, +, and Z forms6). Avoid using non-axial asymmetrical forms.
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Caldarola, Elisa. "Architecture and Sites." Croatian journal of philosophy 21, no. 61 (May 21, 2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52685/cjp.21.1.1.
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Several contemporary architects have designed architectural objects that are closely linked to their particular sites. An in-depth study of the relevant relationship holding between those objects and their sites is, however, missing. This paper addresses the issue, arguing that those architectural objects are akin to works of site-specific art. In section (1), I introduce the topic of the paper. In section (2), I critically analyse the debate on the categorisation of artworks as site-specific. In section (3), I apply to architecture the lesson learned from the analysis of the art debate.
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Smith, William M., and Tom Barchacky. "Habitability in northern housing design." Polar Record 27, no. 160 (January 1991): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400019847.
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AbstractDuring the height of Alaska oil pipeline construction there was a critical need for all types of housing in Fairbanks, Alaska. Eight architects practising in that city were asked (1) what design criteria they considered for housing habitability, (2) what habitability criteria they considered when siting a structure, (3) how they designed for individual privacy and (4) whether they conducted post-occupancy evaluations of their projects. The results clearly show that little attention is given to habitability in high latitudes. Several factors that would help to accomplish this are considered
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Fapohunda, Christopher. "THE DEPICTION OF STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING IN VITRUVIUS’S TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE — A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW." Architecture and Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2023-8-1-3-12.
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Introduction: Ten Books on Architecture (De Architectura) is a treatise by Vitruvius that describes construction work, as taught and practiced in the 1st century. In it, the functions and duties performed in the built environment by architects, construction workers, civil engineers, surveyors, sculptors, decorators, etc., are all lumped together into either architecture or civil engineering. However, for civil engineers, who operate both in built and unbuilt environments, the scope and depth of subjects covered by this work could serve as useful resources as they develop their competences in core practical aspects of civil engineering. Materials and Methods: This paper explores Ten Books on Architecture in relation to civil engineering in the 21st century. The materials used for this work were obtained from internet sources, university libraries, textbooks, write-ups and commentaries that were purchased from open markets and bookshops. Results: The review shows that: (i) the profession of the architect, used in the times of Vitruvius interchangeably with the civil engineer and town planner, as well as the very concept of architecture or civil engineering, in terms of social standing, differs significantly from the present times; (ii) most of the projects discussed in the book form the core of what is classified in the 21st century as civil engineering; (iii) civil engineers ought to be versatile in the art solving of problems that may arise during the course of construction, both in the built and unbuilt environments; and (iv) the buildability issues of civil engineering make knowledge of how to assemble simple construction equipment a necessity. Conclusion: Though not recommended in the curriculum, a working knowledge of either Latin or Greek will help to make the book an indispensable companion for structural and civil engineering practitioners and also enhance their performance capacity.
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Elnimr, Heidi. "Assessing Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Environment Digitally through a People with Alzheimer’s’ Disease Perspective: A Computation-Based Approach Framework." Buildings 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092232.
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People with Alzheimer’s disease (PWAD) are impacted by their surroundings, and their performance improves in therapeutic environments designed to meet their specific individual needs, are adjustable in terms of their health status, and are created to accommodate their abilities. A literature review of the field revealed scarce knowledge in using a combination of building information modeling (BIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) for the purpose of understanding the daily needs and self-orientation ability of PWAD, as well as the architectural barriers they face in their rooms in long-term healthcare centers. In this context, this paper proposes a framework based on computational design approaches to assess the existing therapeutic environment for PWAD using BIM–IoT sensors-based monitoring. The proposed framework used the user experience design concept (UX) and the design thinking framework to evaluate the resident rooms of PWAD. The UX design concept and the design thinking framework core allow for the adoption of user-centered methods to provide a comprehensive image of the issues that affect PWAD in their therapeutic environment. The proposed framework-structured approach will enable healthcare architects/designers to (1) digitalize old building architecture plans using BIM; (2) strategize IoT sensor selection; (3) recognize the activities performed by PWAD and detect any anomaly; and (4) integrate IoT real-time data into the BIM system. The proposed framework supports three types of professionals: (1) architects in decision-making processes, (2) researchers in collecting/analyzing accurate data for shadow observations, and (3) neurologists in following up the health statuses of PWAD.
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Jayakumar, Uma Mazyck. "Introduction: CRT in Higher Education: Confronting the “Boogeyman” Bans, Censorship, and Attacks on Racial Justice." Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ptihe.032022.0001.
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It took only a year after 2020’s racial justice uprisings for legislatures in half the states to attempt to ban teaching about systemic racism in US public schools, colleges, and universities. The boilerplate legislation disallows the teaching of “divisive concepts,” including the reality that systemic racism benefits white people. In what Patricia Williams calls “definitional theft,”1 architects of this conservative backlash appropriated “Critical Race Theory” as a catch-all label for those “divisive” concepts2 – even though, as many scholars and journalists attempted to publicly clarify, Critical Race Theory is a specific field of legal scholarship rarely taught in college, let alone elementary and secondary schools. As one of the founders of CRT, Kimberlé Crenshaw, proclaimed: “This is basically an effort to create a boogeyman and pour everything into that category that they believe will prompt fear, discomfort and repudiation on the part of parents and voters who are primed to respond to this hysteria that they’re trying to create.”3 The “definitional theft” isn’t even a secret strategy. One architect of the backlash, Christopher Rufo, announced it proudly in a public Twitter post: “We have successfully frozen their brand – ‘critical race theory’ – into the public conversation and are steadily driving up negative perceptions.”4
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Hasegawa, Shiho. "A study of the biological concept in architectural thought: A comparison between 'Der raum als membran' (1926) and 'Metabolism' (1960)." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903427h.
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This study analyzes the biological influence on the architecture in the 20th century by focusing on two particular biological architectural thought; "Der Raum als Membran (Space as Membrane)" by Siegfried Ebeling in 1926 and "Metabolism" by a group of Japanese architects in 1960. First, I discuss "Der Raum als Membran". Ebeling saw architecture or space as a biological membrane, like skin or a cell, and he proposed a theory of biological architecture. He not only introduced into planning an environment this biological metaphor with its flexibility of a membrane but also incorporated a biological concept like Umwelt. Second, I investigate a manifesto by the name of "Metabolism", which was produced in 1960 by a group of Japanese architects. They thought buildings and urban designs had an existence and underwent metabolism, which is a basic function of living things, and proposed variable and proliferate architectures having dynamic time spans. By comparing these biological architectural concepts, I point out three main similarities: 1) the expansion of the biological concept into architecture; 2) the cell as a metaphor; and 3) dynamic buildings or urban design. Although the authors had different backgrounds, all of them introduced new architectural ideas in their own times.
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Yi, TaeYeua, and SukHee Yun. "BIM (Building Information Modeling) Education Program in KSA: A Case Study of BIM program at Prince Sultan University." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186504004.
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A variety of BIM education programs have been developed and strengthened for future architects and engineers around the world. BIM education curricula as architecture and civil engineering education programs have held an important position in the education institutes. The purpose of the study is to provide future architects and civil engineers with solid hand-on knowledge about BIM through the understanding of its theoretical and historical backgrounds as well as the practical exercise examples of the related various BIM methods, which also shows the benefits of various BIM processes and methods as used by all relevant stakeholders in the AEC industry, such as clients, design teams, construction manager, contractors and maintenance operators etc. Additionally, the paper introduces other related topics as follows through the case studies at PSU for BIM education program, 1) Create 3D BIM models that extract quantities for estimation purposes on the basis of input resources. 2) Operate construction schedule (4D simulation) for project planning. 3) Explore a virtual construction management process that integrated 3D BIM model with scheduling and costing, what is called, 5D simulation. Through the case study, the paper proposes a BIM education guideline appropriate for KSA.
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Obia, Ajah Ekpeni, and Isaiah Dickson Obot. "The Awareness of Sustainability Principles in the Practice of Architecture in the Developing World: A Survey of South-South Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p204.
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Contemporary Nigerian architecture seems to lack the ‘green’ in architecture due mainly to inadequate knowledge of the principles of sustainability; a serious environmental and sustainability problem. The objective of this paper therefore is to examine the degree of the spread of the knowledge of sustainable (green) architecture in the <em>South-South Region</em> of Nigeria. The result shall be used to judge what obtains in Nigeria and by extension, in most developing world countries, especially in Africa, south of the Sahara. This study will also create greater awareness among the practitioners of the profession. The study was done through the questionnaire/interview (technique), which sought to find how much the architects in the south-south of Nigeria knew about sustainable architecture. The analysis involved the use of means and percentages. The results of the analysis show that all the respondents agreed that the application of the principles of green architecture is very important in the practice of architecture in Nigeria, but only 12.5 % have clients who are knowledgeable about sustainability in the practice of architecture, The outcome of the analysis paved way for the conclusion and recommendations that, 1) many architects from Nigeria are yet to practice green architecture; a step they have to take if they must catch up with their counterparts from the developed nations, 2) Nigerian architects should be encouraged to train and retrain in the concepts and application of green architecture, 3) codes for sustainable building and designs should be introduced into building codes for use by all, 4) Governments and private organizations should encourage serious projects and researches on green architecture by providing funds and other necessary logistics.
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Medved, Alexander N. "ITALIAN MASTERS IN THE MOSCOW XV-XVI CENTURIES – PEOPLES AND FATES IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF XXI CENTURY." Articult, no. 3 (2020): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2020-3-124-136.
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The author analyzes the studies of XX – beg. XXI on the activities of Italian engineers and architects in the Moscow (2nd half of the XV century – 1 third of the XVI century). The article considers the publications of Russian and Italian researchers. The main attention is paid to research, where the issues of the origin of visiting masters, features of the organization of construction production, new forms of structures were considered. The main trends that are characteristic of historiography on the topic at different periods of its existence are highlighted. Author summarized the research results and outlined most pressing issues for future research. The author hypothesizes that the most promising is a more detailed study of the documents of the Italian archives.
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Ding, Guanghui, and Charlie Q. L. Xue. "Mediating production, teaching, and research: the role of university-run design institutes in Chinese architectural practice." Architectural Research Quarterly 23, no. 1 (March 2019): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135519000071.
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Almost every architecture school in China has its own university-run design institute, which functions as a platform for academics and students to engage with architectural practice.1 Design institutes play an active role in advancing, producing, and sharing architectural knowledge.2 Academic-architects, in the context of design institutes, tend to embed themselves within a complex academic-professional network, simultaneously engaging with scholarly inquiry, training young professionals and transforming cultural assets into capital in the market.3 It is the unique position of such educator-practitioners that has distinguished the work of university-run design institutes from that of numerous other state-backed design institutes.
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Stevanović, Vladimir. "Implications of Vattimo's 'Verwindung' of modernism in architectural theory." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1502157s.
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In the postmodern era, besides new approaches to architectural practice, substantial changes happen in architectural textual production owed to the inflow of the postmodern transdisciplinary theory in architectural discourse. Theorists, critics and historians of architecture gladly use the contribution from philosophy, political sciences, sociology, art theory and literary criticism to categorize and explain postmodern architectural styles or tendencies, no longer unifying them exclusively by means of formalistic aspects dating from the same period. Now, topics and paradigms from various postmodern theories are being implemented and thus created the phenomenon of the translation of a theory into an instrument of architectural purpose. In most cases, theoretical outlooks serve as a cover which the theorists of architecture use to formulate the poetics of architects, proclaim desirable models of reception, and develop the stance on the disciplinary and socio-historical contexts. However, it becomes interesting when the same architectural works of a single or several architects are differently interpreted by different theorists of architecture. The paper examines these premises on a specific example, which is: 1) demonstrated in practice by Catalan architecture of the 1980s; 2) the point of convergence between de Solà-Morales, Rossi and Frampton; 3) underlain by Vattimo's philosophical concept of Verwindung of modernism.
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Garber, M. P., and K. Bondari. "Landscape Maintenance Firms: II. Pest Management Practices." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-14.2.58.
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Abstract Landscape maintenance firms in Georgia were surveyed to obtain information regarding pesticide usage and factors that would facilitate adoption of non-chemical pest control measures. The trend in pest control from 1988 to 1993 was toward greater usage of non-chemical control measures. The usage trend for chemicals during that period was an increase for fungicides/bactericides and herbicides and a decrease for insecticides, with growth regulator use remaining steady. Over half (55%) of the pesticides were used for turf management. All firms expect to use about the same amount of pesticides over the next 5 years while increasing the use of non-chemical control measures. Opportunities were identified for landscape architects and university personnel to help landscape maintenance firms reduce the need for pesticides. The two most frequently identified opportunities for university personnel were to sponsor local workshops with specific training for workers on integrated pest management (IPM) practices (35.6%) and seasonal or regular newsletters with IPM reminders (30.0%). The most frequently identified opportunities available to the landscape architects to help reduce pesticide use included: (1) improved plant selection, particularly pest resistant varieties (51.8%), (2) proper site selection/location of plants (14.8%), and (3) more spacing between plants and consideration of final size (13.7%).
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Abdrassilova, Gulnara, Nina Umniakova, and Bekzat Kakimzhanov. "DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY AND DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 1(25) (April 1, 2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-25-1-3-13.
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The article discusses the increasingly popular in the work concept of the digital economy and its influ-ence on the development of architecture. Digital economics is the one where a kind of cyber-physical system acts as an industrial complex creating products and services that ensure the life and comfort of the population. Technological advancement makes it possible to carry out more and more not only commercial, but also other operations online (distance learning, medical consultations, online design etc.). The authors of the article are trying to find answers to the questions: what is a digital economy, how does architecture integrate into a digital economy, what do architects need to study in order to be ready to work in a digital economy? Computer programs are widely used not only in architectural design, but also in all related technical are-as (calculation and design of buildings and structures, engineering systems etc.). Based on the analysis of the design practice, the authors of the article divide the use of digital technologies in architecture into two groups: software products as a design tool and digital technologies as elements of the structural, technical and func-tional characteristics of buildings and structures. All elements of virtual design are embedded in modern systems, for example, BIM – building information modeling. The article considers how in the projects of modern buildings and complexes in the digital econo-my, the elements of innovative technologies are used, such as Smart House, Smart City. It is indisputable that modern architecture as a sphere of production of the human life environment is an integral part of the digital economy and is developing its own digital environment. The main conclusion of the authors: in order to be ready for practical activities, students-architects need to realize that modern architecture will develop in line with the digital economy. Therefore, the future archi-tect needs to master all the components of the digital environment of the architecture, both the digital design tools and the smart technology.
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Hejazi, Saba. "The Gap between Architecture Education and Architectural Profession in Iran." Journal of Architectural Research and Education 2, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v2i2.28026.
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Many graduates of architecture attracted to the job market find a profound gap between what they have learned in college and what is being done in their career in Iran. The educational problems that make architecture graduates inefficient in the job market are identified. Then solutions are offered to reduce the gap. Four types of questionnaires were distributed to the last year undergraduate students, professors of architecture schools and professional architects and their answers and suggestions were collected. The results show that there are some solutions for bringing architecture education closer to architectural profession: 1. participatory education, 2. establishment of non-governmental organisations, 3. linking faculties of architecture with architectural offices, and 4. revision of undergraduate curriculum of architecture.
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Polgar, Jana. "Open Source ESB in Action." International Journal of Web Portals 1, no. 4 (October 2009): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jwp.2009071304.
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The author provides a book review of Open Source ESB in Action. This book as one of a few sources of information for IT architects as well as integration developers who wish to use an open source Enterprise Service Bus (ESB). The book provides the introduction to the two open source ESB’s - Mule and Service Mix ESBs - with plenty of examples. In this review we looked at the following points: 1. How the architecture of the ESBs and processing environment are treated, 2. Is the robustness or lack of it highlighted for both products, 3. Are there pointers to appropriate tooling for developers and, 4. Are there pointers and references to the on-line documentation
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Jeong, WoonSeong, ByungChan Kong, Manik Das Adhikari, and Sang-Guk Yum. "The Development of a Framework for the Automated Translation of Sketch-Based Data into BIM Models." Buildings 14, no. 4 (March 27, 2024): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040916.
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At the foundational phase of architectural design, it is of the utmost importance to precisely capture and articulate the visions and requirements of stakeholders, including building owners. This critical step ensures that professionals, including architects, can effectively translate the initial concepts into actionable designs. This research was directed towards developing a framework to facilitate the decision-making process by efficiently depicting the client’s intentions. This study demonstrates a framework that leverages deep learning to automate the creation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) models from sketched data. The framework’s methodology includes defining the necessary processes, system requirements, and data for system development, followed by the actual system implementation. It involves several key phases: (1) developing a process model to outline the framework’s operational procedures and data flows, (2) implementing the framework to translate sketched data into a BIM model through system and user interface development, and, finally, (3) validating the framework’s ability to precisely convert sketched data into BIM models. Our findings demonstrate the framework’s capacity to automatically interpret sketched lines as architectural components, thereby accurately creating BIM models. In the present study, the methodology and framework proposed enable clients to represent their understanding of spatial configuration through Building Information Modeling (BIM) models. This approach is anticipated to enhance the efficiency of communication with professionals such as architects.
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Habets, R., Z. Vroon, B. Erich, N. Meulendijks, D. Mann, and P. Buskens. "Structural color coatings for high performance BIPV." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 855, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/855/1/012011.
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Abstract Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) offer aesthetics and freedom of design for architects and home owners. This can accelerate implementation and free up new spaces for solar energy harvesting at building level, which is a necessary step towards a climate neutral built environment. Colored solar panels with high conversion efficiency and low cost price are an important development for large scale market penetration of BIPV. Here we report a solution processed structural color coating for solar panels and solar collectors. We show that virtually any color can be prepared, that the desired coating stack can be designed using optical calculations and that the exact color can be produced via a low cost solution process. Furthermore, we show that the light transmission for the colored glass plates is still very high, exceeding commonly used absorbing colors and enables very high solar cell efficiency. The colored PV panels have been tested in real environment and via accelerated lifetime testing for 3 years without any performance decline or degradation.
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Halliday, Terence C. "Architects of the State: International Financial Institutions and the Reconstruction of States in East Asia." Law & Social Inquiry 37, no. 02 (2012): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01266.x.
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For international financial institutions (IFIs), it is a continuing puzzle why the global norms they propagate are enacted either reluctantly or not at all. This article shows that failures of enactment and implementation frequently occur because many IFI-initiated law reforms go far beyond changing the law; they amount to a restructuring of the state itself and the accompanying redistributions of power. This article demonstrates how state restructuring can occur in a technical area of commercial law by reanalyzing the ways global and transnational designs of corporate bankruptcy regimes fared between 1998 and 2006 in three countries variously affected by the Asian financial crisis: China, Indonesia, and South Korea. State restructuring occurred by (1) shifting the boundary between the market and state, (2) shifting power inside the state, and (3) vesting new powers in the state. The article identifies the recursive dynamics through which the changes unfolded and shows how variations in the efficacy of international architects of the state can be attributed to the interplay of four sets of factors: the coherence of global norms, the relative power of global versus state actors, domestic demand and mobilization for restructuring, and the extent of state restructuring that reforms will induce.
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Li, Sha, Xin Yang, Jianning Zhu, Tingting Huang, and David Bramston. "A Landscape-Led Multidisciplinary Residential Plan for the London Green Belt." Land 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12061202.
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Landscape architects have a responsibility to society, the environment, the client, and other professional organizations. Professionals that undertake landscape-led planning projects need to adopt a comprehensive approach in all the associated aspects. This article summarizes a unique experience in landscape-led planning practice in the UK where most projects are either town planning or architect-led: (1) the housing scarcity problem in towns and villages, land within the Green Belt in the UK is in strict governance by planning policies. In this article, a case study of exceptional infilling villages in East Hertfordshire is used to drive a landscape-led, multi-disciplinary planning process and to analyze all expertise assignments involved; (2) materials were sought from a variety of sources including council official online guidance, public open access materials, project team communication, and consultation results which covered local residents engagement and anonymous comments during the publicity period of the planning decision. Desktop studies, site visits, and the expertise of the multi-disciplinary team were applied throughout the case; (3) with a year of planning teamwork, the proposed development of the study site met the local sustainable growth that planning permission for high-quality residential dwellings was granted by the Local Planning Authority; (4) since known landscape-led planning examples are limited in the UK, the case study formed a good example for scholars and researchers who are interested in planning in the Green Belt.
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Ohueri, Chukwuka Christian, Jibril Adewale Bamgbade, Angelia San Chuin Liew, Matthew Ngie Hing Wong, and Wallace Imoudu Enegbuma. "Best Practices in Building Information Modelling Process Implementation in Green Building Design: Architects' Insights." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 27, no. 1 (June 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2022.27.1.5.
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An increasing number of clients are requesting green building design due to its potential to provide high-sustainability performance, monetary savings and health benefits to occupants. However, the practice of designing green building projects to meet overarching sustainability criteria is complex, with issues of poor information exchange synthesis. The building information modelling (BIM) process was created to ensure that the cumbersome green building data is exchanged accurately and in a coordinated manner. However, the implementation of the BIM process in green building design practices remains underexplored in the literature and industry practice. Therefore, this study aims to identify the best practices in BIM process implementation in the early stages of green building design. A quantitative research method was adopted; a questionnaire was used to survey 180 architects working in various construction firms in Malaysia. The questionnaire data was analysed using factor analysis to narrow down the long list of factors (best practices) into a small number of components. The results highlighted the best approaches in BIM process implementation in green building design practices: (1) Selection of a well-trained and competent design team, (2) Use of software with high interoperability to ensure exchange of accurate information, (3) Development of a standard method for BIM process implementation in green building design and (4) Timely identification of critical decision points. The research outcome will enlighten construction professionals on the best practices in implementing the BIM process in green building design, thereby allowing them to deliver building projects with high-sustainability performance.
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Brugiatelli, Dr Vereno. "The Landscape, Its Narrative Identity and Man's Well-Being." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v3i4.p150-154.
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In this study I intend to put forward a reflection on the landscape and, in particular, on the relationships that man establishes with it. From the European Landscape Convention (Florence, 20.X.2000), which considers the landscape a socio-cultural product, I aim to analyze this concept in order to determine: 1. what the identity of a certain landscape consists of and what constitutes it; 2. the relationship between the identity of the landscape and the identity of its inhabitants; 3. the importance of the identity of the landscape when planning and implementing interventions to safeguard and enhance it; 4. the ethical and cultural bases influencing urban planners and architects when intervening in the landscape; 5. the importance of the landscape to man's well-being.