Academic literature on the topic '30 av. J.-C.-14 (Auguste)'

RESUMENEl nacimiento en la Antigua Roma de niños con rasgos sexuales masculinos y femeninos a la vez, los llamados andróginos o hermafroditas, eran considerados como un gravísimo prodigio. Su expiación, necesaria para el restablecimiento de las buenas relaciones entre los hombres y los dioses, quedó en manos exclusivamente de mujeres: ancianas, matronas y virgines.PALABRAS CLAVE: Antigua Roma, Matrona, prodigio, expiación, andróginoABSTRACTThe birth in ancient Rome of children with both male and female sexual features, so-called androgynes or hermaphrodites, was regarded as a an extraordinary phenomenon. Their expiation, necessary for the restoration of good relations between men and gods, remained exclusively in the hands of women: old women, midwives and virgines.KEY WORDS: Ancient Rome, midwife, prodigy, expiation, androgynus BIBLIOGRAFÍAAbaecherly Boyce, A. (1937), “The expiatory rites of 207 B. C.”, TAPhA, 68, 157-171.Allély, A. (2003), “Les enfants malformés et considerés comme prodigia à Rome et en Italie sous la République”, REA, 105, 1, 127-156.Allély, A. (2004), “Les enfants malformés et handicapés à Rome sous le Principat”, REA, 106, 1, 73-101.Androutsos, G. (2006), “Hermaphroditism in Greek and Roman antiquity”, Hormones, 5, 214-217.Berthelet, Y. (2010), “Expiation, par les autorités romaines, de prodiges survenus en terre alliée: Quelques réflexions sur le statut juridique des territoires et des communautés alliés, et sur le processus de romanisation”, Hypothèses, 13, 1, 169-178.Berthelet, Y. (2013), “Expiation, par Rome, de prodiges survenus dans les cités alliées du nomen latinum ou des cités alliées italiennes non latines”, L´Antiquité Classique 82, 91-109.Breglia Pulci Doria, L. (1983), Oracoli Sibillini tra rituali e propaganda (Studi su Flegonte di Tralles), Napoli, Liguori Editori.Brisson, L. (1986), “Neutrum utrumque. La bisexualité dans l´antiquité gréco-romaine”, en L´Androgyne, Paris, Albin Michel, 31-61.Brisson, L. (1997), Le sex incertain. Androgynie et hermaphroditisme dans l´Antiquité gréco-romaine, Paris, Les Belles Lettres.Caerols, J. J. (1991), Los Libros Sibilinos en la historiografía latina, Madrid, Editorial Complutense.Cantarella, E. (2002), Bisexuality in the Ancient World, New Haven CT, Yale University Press.Cantarella, E. (2005), “The Androgynous and Bisexuality in Ancient Legal Codes”, Diogenes, 52, 5, 5-14.Cid López, R. M. (2007), “Las matronas y los prodigios. Prácticas religiosas femeninas en los ‘márgenes’ de la religión romana”, Norba, 20, 11-29.Cousin, J. (1942-1943), “La crise religieuse de 207 av. J.-C.”, RHR, 126, 15-41.Crifò, G. (1999), Prodigium e diritto: il caso dell’ermafrodita, Index, 27, 113-120.Champeaux, J. (1996), “Pontifes, haruspices et décemvirs. L´expiation des prodiges de 207”, REL, 74, 67-91.Dasen, V. (2005), “Blessing or portents? Multiple births in ancient Rome”, en K. Mustakallio, J. Hanska, H.-L. Sainio, V. Vuolanto (éds.), Hoping for continuity.Childhood, education and death in Antiquity and the Middle Ages (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae XXXIII), Rome, 72-83.Delcourt, M. (1958), Hermaphrodite. Mythes et rites de la bisexualité dans l´antiquité classique, Paris, PUF.Delcourt, M. (1966), Hermaphroditea. Recherches sur l´être double promoteur de la fertilité dans le monde classique (Coll. Latomus 86), Bruxelles, Latomus.Doroszewska, J. (2013), “Between the monstrous and the Divine: Hermaphrodites in Phlegon of Tralles´Mirabilia”, Acta Ant. Hung, 53, 379–392.Freyburger, G. (1977), “La supplication d´actions de grâces dans la religion romaine archaïque”, Latomus, 36, 283-315.Freyburger, G. (1988), “Supplication grecque et supplication romaine”, Latomus, 47, 3, 501-525.Garland, R. (1995), The Eye of the Beholder. Deformity and Disability in the Graeco-Roman World, London, Duckworth.Graumann, L. A. (2013), “Monstrous Births and Retrospective diagnosis: the case of Hermafrodites in Antiquity”, en Chr. Laes, C.F. Goodey, M. Lynn Rose (eds.), Disabilities in Roman antiquity: disparate bodies, a capite ad calcem (Mnemosyne, supplements. History and archaeology of classical antiquity, 356), Leiden-Boston, Brill, 181-210.Guittard, Ch. (2004), “Les prodiges dans le livre XXVII de Tite-Live”, Vita Latina, 170, 56-81.Halkin, L. (1953), La supplication d´action de grâces chez les Romains, Paris, Les Belles Lettres.Lake, A. K. M. (1937), “The Supplicatio and Graecus Ritus”, en R.P. Casey, S. Lake- A.K. Lake (eds.), Quantulacumque: Studies Presented to Kirsopp Lake, London, Christophers, 243-251.Louis, P. (1975), Monstres et monstruosites dans la biologie d’Aristote, en J. Bingen, G. Cambier, G. Nachtergael (éd.), Le monde grec: pensée, litterature, histoire, documents. Hommages à Claire Préaux, Bruxelles, Éditions de l´Université de Bruxelles, 277-284.Mac Bain, B. (1982), Prodigy and expiation: a study in Religion and Politics in Republican Rome (Coll. Latomus 117), Bruxelles, Latomus.Maiuri, A. (2012), “Deformità e difformità nel mondo greco-romano”, en M. Passalacqua, M. De Nonno, A. M. Morelli (a cura di), Venuste noster. Scritti offerti a Leopoldo Gamberale (Spudasmata 147), Zurich, Georg Olms Verlag, 526-547.Maiuri, A. (2013), “Il lessico latino del mostruoso”, en I. Baglioni (a cura di), Monstra. Costruzione e Percezione delle Entità Ibride e Mostruose nel Mediterraneo Antico (Religio Collana di Studi del Museo delle Religioni “Rafaele Pettazzoni”), Roma, Quasar, Vol.II, 167-177.Mazurek, T. (2004), “The decemviri sacris faciundis: supplication and prediction”, en C.F. Konrad (ed.), Augusto augurio. Rerum humanarum et divinarum commentationes in honorem Jerzy Linderski, Stuttgart, Steiner Verlag, 151-168.Mineo, B. (2000), “L´anneé 207 dans le récit livien”, Latomus, 52, 512-540.Monaca, M. (2005), La Sibilla a Roma. I libri sibillini fra religione e politica, Cosenza, Giordano.Montero, S. (1993), “Los harúspices y la moralidad de la mujer romana”, Athenaeum. 81, 647-658.Montero, S. (1994), Diosas y adivinas. Mujer y adivinación en la Roma antigua, Madrid, Trotta.Montero, S. (2008), “La supplicatio expiatoria como factor de cohesión social”, en N. Spineto (a cura di), La religione come fattore di integrazione: modelli di convivenza e di scambio religioso nel mondo antico. Atti del IV Convegno Internazionale del Gruppo di Ricerca Italo-Spagnolo di Storia delle Religioni Università degli Studi di Torino (29-30 sept. 2006), Alessandria, Edizioni dell´Orso.Moussy, C. (1977), “Esquisse de l’histoire de monstrum”, RÉL, 55, 345-369.Péter, O. M. (2001), “Olim in prodigiis nunc in deliciis. Lo status giuridico dei monstra nel diritto romano”, en G. Hamza, F. Benedek (hrsg.), Iura antiqua-Iura moderna. Festschrift für Ferenc Benedek zum 75. Geburtstag, Pecs, Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 207-216.Sandoz, L. Ch. (2008), “La survie des monstres: ethnographie fantastique et handicap à Rome, la force de l´imagination”, Latomus, 68, 21-36.Scheid, J. (1988), “Les livres Sibyllins et les archives des quindecémvirs”, en C. Moatti (ed.), La mémoire perdue. Recherches sur l´administration romaine, Paris, École Française de Rome, 11-26.Schulz, C. E. (2006), Women´s Religious Activity in the Roman Republic, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press.Segarra, D. (2005), “La arboricultura y el orden del mundo: de Vertumnus al ‘Dios’ que planta e injerta”, en R. Olmos, P. Cabrera, S. Montero (eds.), Paraíso cerrado, jardín abierto: el reino vegetal en el imaginario del Mediterráneo, Madrid, Polifemo, 207-232.Segarra, D. (2006), “‘Arboricoltori sacri’. L’operato degli aruspici nella sfera vegetale”, en M. Rocchi, P. Xella, J. A. Zamora (a cura di), Gli operatori cultuali, Atti del II Incontro di studio organizzato dal “Gruppo di contatto per lo studio delle religioni mediterranee” (Roma, 10 - 11 maggio 2005), Verona, Essedue.Trentin, L. (2011), “Deformity in the Roman Imperial Court”, G&R, II S., 58, 195-208.Vallar, S. (2013), “Les hermaphrodites l’approche de la Rome antique”, RIDA, 60, 201-217.

AbstractSOMMAIRE: § 1. Les trois fragments en trimètres iambiques.-§ 2. La parodos.-§ 3. Les noms de lettres dans le Spectacle.-§ 4. Le Marcianus A représente l'abrégé en 15 livres du texte en 30 livres d'Athénée.-§ 5. L'épitomé du texte déjà abrégé; les procédés de l'Epitomator et du Breviator.- § 6. Le problème de la date du Spectacle et de l'attribution au poète comique Callias.-§ 7. La structure métrique et prosodique des trimètres du Spectacle: structure du trimètre tragique.-§ 8. Le Spectacle a la forme d'une tragédie; date: environ 435.-§ 9. Le contenu du Spectacle.-§ 10. La mention du Spectacle au livre VII (275f11-276a6).-§ 11. La version abrégée de ce texte dans l'Épitomé.-§ 12-13. La mention du Spectacle au début de la digression sur les devinettes au livre X (448b3-c3).-§ 14. Le passage sur le prologue du Spectacle (453c3-d4).-§ 15. Observations sur 453c3-9.- § 16. Observations sur 453d1-4 = Fragment I.-§ 17. Le passage sur le choeur du Spectacle (453d5-f1).-§ 18. La reconstruction de la parodos.- § 19. Observations sur 453d5-e3.-§ 20. Observations sur 453e3-6 et e11-f1.-§ 21. L'emploi de mélodies divérentes pour la strophe et l'antistrophe correspondante dans les tragédies antérieures à 431 av. J.-C., dans les comédies, dans la grande lyrique chorale et dans la lyrique monodique.-§ 22. Excursus sur les rapports entre les mélodies du chant traditionnel et les contours mélodiques du langage parlé.-§ 23. Les mélodies de la tragédie ancienne, de la lyrique chorale et de la lyrique monodique.- § 24. Les innovations radicales du dithyrambe 'moderne' adoptées par Euripide.-§ 25. Le passage de Denys d'Halicarnasse sur la subordination des paroles à la mélodie et au rythme musicaux.-§ 26. Observations sur 453e6-10. L'élision en fin de vers.-§ 27. Le passage sur l'emploi syllabique des lettres vocaliques à elles seules (453f1-454a1).-§ 28. Observations sur 453f1-5.-§ 29. Observations sur 453f6-454a1 = Fragment II.-§ 30. Le passage sur la mention des formes des lettres pour indiquer un mot (454a2-9).-§ 31. Observations sur 454a2-9 (454a5-9 = Fragment III).- § 32. Le texte de 453c2-454a9 dans l'Épitomé.-§ 33-34. Les imitations du Spectacle (454a10-455b7).-§ 35. Conclusion.

Se estudió el impacto psicológico frene al COVID – 19 en los internos de enfermería de prácticas pre – profesionales en relación a las variables sociodemográficas y los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y miedo. Para el análisis se consideró a 150 internos prácticos de la carrera de enfermería, para la evaluación de este estudio se utilizaron las escalas de STAI, IDER, FCV19S y K10. Los resultados exponen que existe mayor nivel de ansiedad en los internos que declararon no tener equipos de bioseguridad necesarios. Los internos que rotan en el área hospitalaria presentan mayores niveles de ansiedad, miedo y malestar psicológico compara con los internos del área comunitaria. Sin embargo, los niveles de depresión fueron ligeramente mayores en los internos de área comunitaria. No hubo diferencia significativa de los estados emocionales entre mujeres y varones. Palabras Clave: Ansiedad, depresión, miedo al COVID-19, impacto psicológico. Referencias [1]M. Del Campo, «Covid-19 y su impacto en la salud y el trabajo,» Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo, vol. 29, nº 3, p. 183, 2020. [2]H. Scholten, VE. Quezada-Scholz, G.Salas, NA. Barria Aseenio, R. Molina, JE. García, M. Juliá, A. Marinero, A. Zambrano, E. Gómez, A. Cheroni, T. Caycho-Rodriguez, T. Reyes, N. Pinochet, P. Binde, J. Uribe, C. Rojas, J. Bernal, F. Somarriva, “Abordaje psicológico del COVID-19: Una revisión narrativa de la experiencia latinoamericana,” Rev Interam Psicol J Psychol, vol. 54, pp.287, May. 2020. [3]A. Tusev, L. Tonon, y M. Capella, “Efectos Iniciales en la Salud Mental por la Pandemia de Covid-19 en algunas Provincias de Ecuador”, IRR, vol. 15, pp. 11-24, oct. 2020. [4]Ministerio de Salud Pública (2020, marzo 13) Informe de situación N° 001.[En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Informe-de-Situaci%C3%B3n-No001-Casos-Coronavirus-Ecuador-12032020.pdf [5]F. De Caneva, M. García-Gómez, E Baur, “Salud emocional del personal sanitario del Área de Urgencias durante la pandemia COVID-19”, Rev. Med Clin. Vol. 155, no. 8, pp. 365, junio 2020. [6]S Dubey, P. Biswas, R. Ghosh, S. Chatterjee, MJ. Dubey, S. Chatterjee, D. Lahiri, CJ. Lavie, “Psychosocial impact of COVID-19”, Rev Diabetes Metab Syndr. Vol.14, no. 5, pp. 779-788, septiembre-octubre. 2020. [7]G. Arias, F. Navarrete, M. Flor, “Factores asociados al bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de la escuela académico-profesional de odontología de la Universidad nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann”, Revista médica Basadrina. Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 28-30, septiembre. 2013. [8]S. Sandoval, A. Dorner, A. Véliz, “Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de carreras de la salud,” Rev Investigación en Educación Médica, Vol. 6, no. 24, pp.260-266, diciembre 2017. [9]C. Mitchell, OPS/OMS | La OMS (2020, octubre 23) caracteriza a COVID-19 como una pandemia. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization [En línea] Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=-com_content&view=article&id=15756:who-characterizes-covid-19-as-a-pandemic&Itemid=1926&lang=es [10]MC. Johnson, L. Saletti-Cuesta, N. Tumas, “Emociones, preocupaciones y reflexiones frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 en Argentina,” Rev Ciênc Saúde Coletiva, vol 25(suppl 1), pp. 2447-56, junio. 2020. [11]L. Hernani, A. Aquino, E. Araujo, “Relación entre el bienestar auto percibido, autoestima, inteligencia emocional, personalidad y razonamiento, abstracto en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios,” Revista peruana de Psicología y trabajo social, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 49-62, mayo. 2013. [12]N. Ozamiz-Etxebarria, M. Dosil-Santamaria, M. Picaza-Gorrochategui, N. Idoiaga-Mondragon, “Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España,” Cad Saúde Pública, vol. 36, no. 4, abril. 2020. [13]H. Blake, F. Bermingham, G. Johnson, and A. Tabner, “Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 2997, abril 2020. [14]M. Walton, E. Murray, MD. Christian, “Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Rev. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 241-247, Abril. 2020. [15]J. Shijo, P. Gunaseelan, S. Bhandari, S. Dutta, “How the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) could have a quivering impact on mental health?,” Rev. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci, vol.11, no. 2, pp.135-136, julio-diciembre. 2020. [16]W. El-Hage, C. Hingray, C. Lemogne, A. Yrondi, P. Brunault, T. Bienvenu, B. Etain, C. Paquet, B. Gohier, D Bennabi, P. Birmes, A. Sauvaget, E. Fakra, N. Prieto, S. Bulteau, P. Vidailhet, V. Camus, M. Levoyer, M. Krebs, B. 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Cortés, “Validación de la escala Kessler 10 (K-10) en la detección de depresión y ansiedad en el primer nivel de atención. Propiedades psicométricas,” Rev. Salud Ment, vol. 34, pp. 323-331, julio-agosto 2011.

Although the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution has been part of the endodontic arsenal for more than one century, current investigations have been unable to determine which NaOCl volume and concentration or which time of application are able to dissolve organic matter without weakening the dental structure during the phase of biomechanical preparation of the root canal. Thus, the objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic literature review with no restriction of publication year or language in order to resolve these questions. The search strategy included the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov, and only in vivo human clinical trials were included in the final review. After the removal of duplicates, the systematic literature review yielded 3,717 articles. Of these, 3,685 were excluded after applying the exclusion criteria (ex vivo studies, animal studies, cell-culture studies, narrative review, and studies with no available full texts). A total of 32 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After evaluating the full text, all articles were excluded for different reasons. No studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. This review was unable to answer what time of irrigation, concentration or volume of NaOCl solution can be of maximum effectiveness in endodontic treatment without producing significant changes in the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, future human clinical studies are needed in order to resolve these questions.Descriptors: Endodontics; Sodium Hypochlorite; Review.ReferênciasSiqueira JF Jr, Guimarães-Pinto T, Rôças IN. Effects of chemomechanical preparation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and intracanal medication with calcium hydroxide on cultivable bacteria in infected root canals. J Endod. 2007;33(7):800-5.Brito PR, Souza LC, Machado de Oliveira JC, Alves FR, De-Deus G, Lopes HP et al. Comparison of the effectiveness of three irrigation techniques in reducing intracanal Enterococcus faecalis populations: an in vitro study. J Endod. 2009;35(10):1422-27.Baker NA, Eleazer PD, Averbach RE, Seltzer S. Scanning electron microscopic study of the efficacy of various irrigating solutions. J Endod. 1975; 1(4):127-35.Bystrom A, Happonen RP, Sjogren U, Sundqvist G. Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1987;3(2):58-63.Zehnder M. Root canal irrigants. J Endod. 2006; 32(5):389-98.Türkün M, Cengiz T. The effects of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide on tissue dissolution and root canal cleanliness. Inter Endod J. 1997;30(5):335-42.Naenni N, Thoma K, Zehnder M. Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants. J Endod. 2004; 30(11):785-87.Clarkson RM, Moule AJ, Podlich H, Kellaway R, Macfariane R, Lewis D. Dissolution of porcine incisor pulps in sodium hypochlorite solutions of varying compositions and concentrations. Aust Dent J. 2006;51(3):245-51.Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Favieri A, Lima KC. Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 2000;26(6):331-34.Gu LS, Huang XQ, Griffin B, Bergeron BR, Pashley DH, Niu LN et al. Primum non nocere - The effects of sodium hypochlorite on dentin as used in endodontics. Acta Biomater. 2017; 61:144-56.Barreto MS, Moraes Rdo A, Rosa RA, Moreira CH, Só MV, Bier CA. Vertical root fractures and dentin defects: effects of root canal preparation, filling, and mechanical cycling. J Endod. 2012; 38(8):1135-39.Chai H, Tamse A. The effect of isthmus on vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 2015;41(9):1515-19.Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006-12.Hand RE, Smith ML, Harrison JW. Analysis of the effect of dilution on the necrotic tissue dissolution property of sodium hypochlorite. J Endod. 1978;4(2):60-4.Thé SD. The solvent action of sodium hypochlorite on fixed and unfixed necrotic tissue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47(6):558-61.Ringel AM, Patterson SS, Newton CW, Miller CH, Mulhern JM. In vivo evaluation of chlorhexidine gluconate solution and sodium hypochlorite solution as root canal irrigants. J Endod.1982;8(5):200-4.Ercan E, Ozekinci T, Atakul F, Gül K. Antibacterial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in infected root canal: in vivo study. J Endod.2004;30(2):84-7.Siqueira JF Jr, Rôças IN, Paiva SS, Guimarães-Pinto T, Magalhães KM, Lima KC. Bacteriologic investigation of the effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104(1),122–30.Estrela C, Silva JA, de Alencar AH, Leles CR, Decurcio DA. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Fedorowicz Z, Sequeira P. Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis--a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci.2008;16(6):364-68.Gomes BP, Martinho FC, Vianna ME. Comparison of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine gel on oral bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from primarily infected root canals. J Endod; 2009;35(10):1350-53.Abbaszadegan A, Khayat A, Motamedifar M. Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of IKI and NaOCl irrigants in infected root canals: an in vivo study. Iran Endod J.2010;5(3):101-6.Bashetty K, Hegde J. Comparison of 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial. Indian J Dent Res.2010;21(4):523-27.Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Qian W, Gao Y. Irrigation in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am. 2010;54(2):291-312.Huffaker SK, Safavi K, Spangberg LS, Kaufman B. Influence of a passive sonic irrigation system on the elimination of bacteria from root canal systems: a clinical study. J Endod. 2010;36(8):1315-18.Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N. Root canal irrigants. J cons dent.2010;13(4),256-64.Kaya S, Yiğit-Özer S, Adigüzel O. Evaluation of radicular dentin erosion and smear layer removal capacity of self-adjusting file using different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite as an initial irrigant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol and Endod.2011;112(4):524-30.Paudel KR, Jaiswal A, Parajuli U, Bajracharya M. Different pharmacological solutions in intracanal irrigation. Nepal Med Coll J. 2011;13(2):111-14.Rôças IN, Siqueira JF Jr. Comparison of the in vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine used as root canal irrigants: a molecular microbiology study. J Endod.2011;37(2):143-50.van der Vyver PJ, Botha FS, de Wet FA. Antimicrobial efficacy of nine different root canal irrigation solutions. SADJ. 2014;69(4):158-60,162-65.Beus C, Safavi K, Stratton J, Kaufman B (2012) Comparison of the effect of two endodontic irrigation protocols on the elimination of bacteria from root canal system: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Endod. 2012; 38(11):1479-83.Keenan AV. No evidence favouring one irrigant versus another in root canal treatments. Evid Based Dent.2012;13(4):107.Pawar R, Alqaied A, Safavi K, Boyko J, Kaufman B. Influence of an apical negative pressure irrigation system on bacterial elimination during endodontic therapy: a prospective randomized clinical study. 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Сплавы на основе олова и сурьмы, в том числе SnSb и некоторые другие соединения типа AIVBV, применяются для изготовления анодов Li+- и Na+-ионных батарей. Использование ногокомпонентных твердых растворов позволяет варьировать свойства материала и улучшать технические характеристики анодов. В литературе очень мало информации о твердофазной растворимости в системе Sn–As–Sb, фазовая диаграмма этой системы не изучена.Цель работы заключалась в исследовании политермических сечений SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb с помощью методов рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) и дифференциального термического анализа (ДТА) и построении схемы фазовых равновесий в системе Sn–As–Sb в области концентраций олова менее 50 мол.%. Сплавы политермических разрезов SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb получали из предварительно синтезированных бинарных соединений, подвергали гомогенизирующему отжигу и исследовали с помощью методов дифференциального термического анализа (ДТА) и рентгенофазового анализа (РФА) порошкообразных образцов. Результаты РФА показали, что все исследованные сплавы представляют собой гетерофазную смесь твердых растворов (SnAs), (SnSb) и a¢, где a¢ – твердый раствор олова в фазе As1–xSbx. Протяженность твердых растворов на основе бинарных соединений при комнатной температуре менее 10 мол.%. Для нескольких сплавов двух разрезов методомДТА установлена одинаковая температура начала первого эндотермического эффекта (393±2 oС), которая отвечает протеканию перитектического процесса с участием указанных выше фаз: L+ a¢ ↔ (SnAs) + (SnSb). Методом ДТА с учетом данных РФА построены Т–х диаграммы политермических разрезов SnAs–Sb и SnAs–SnSb. Установлены координаты нонвариантного перитектического равновесия L+ a¢ ↔ (SnAs) + (SnSb); предложена схема фазовых равновесий в системе Sn–As–Sb в области концентраций олова менее 50 мол.%. Для построения полной схемы фазовых равновесий в тройной системе необходимо дальнейшее исследование разрезов SnAs–Sn4Sb3 и Sn4As3–Sn4Sb3 ЛИТЕРАТУРА Hu Y., Lu Y. 2019 Nobel Pprize for the Li-ion batteries and new opportunities and challenges in Na-ion batteries. ACS Energy Letters. 2019;4(11): 2689–2690. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.9b02190 Song K., Liu C., Mi L., Chou S., Chen W., Shen C. Recent progress on the alloy-based anode for sodiumion batteries and potassium-ion batteries. Small. 2019;334: 1903194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201903194 Kulova T. L., Skundin A. M.. From lithium-ion to sodium-ion battery. Russian Chemical Bulletin. 2017;66(8): 1329–1335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20190319410.1007/s11172-017-1896-3 Jing W. T., Yang C. C., Jiang Q. Recent progress on metallic Sn- and Sb-based anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 2020; Advance Article. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA11782B Kamali A. R., Fray D. J. 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As plantas medicinais têm demonstrado elevado poder de cura em estado natural, além disso, esse conhecimento tradicional sobre o uso das plantas e de suas propriedades terapêuticas no combate a doenças vêm sendo transmitida entre as gerações. A busca por novos produtos com maior atividade terapêutica, tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas com produtos naturais no meio odontológico para o tratamento de doença periodontal. Logo, objetivou-se apresentar uma revisão da literatura de espécies vegetais como Malva Sylvestris, Vitis Vinífera e Punica Granatum, comuns do cotidiano no tratamento da periodontite. A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica decorrente da resposta imunológica do hospedeiro à presença de fatores microbianos, causando dano tecidual, resultando em formação de bolsas periodontais, reabsorção do osso alveolar, e perda de tecidos de sustentação. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo narrativa e foi realizada uma seleção de artigos científicos recuperados a partir das bases de dados: BVS Brasil (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online), Pubmed (National Center for Biotechnology Information) e Portal Periódico Capes no período de 05 a 28 de Fevereiro de 2018. Conclui-se que a Malva, Uva e Romã possuem ação terapêutica e estão entre os fitoterápicos com grande influência na cavidade bucal, que funcionam como auxiliares no tratamento de afecções orais sendo alternativas de fácil acesso, já que a atuação profissional frente à ação farmacológica dos vários medicamentos fitoterápicos e contraindicações tem sido importante nos últimos anos.Descritores: Fitoterapia; Plantas Medicinais; Periodontite.ReferênciasPasa M, Soares J, Guarim G. Estudo etnobotânico na comunidade de Conceição-Açu (alto da bacia do rio Aricá Açu, MT, Brasil). 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Chichester: Wiley; 2009.Middleton E, Kandaswami C, Theoharides TC. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev. 2000;52(4):673-751.Simões CMO, Schenkel EP, Gosmann G, Mello JCP, Mentz LA, Petrovick PR(Orgs). Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS: Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, 2010.Coutinho MAS, Muzitano MF, Costa SS. Flavonoids: Potential therapeutic agents for the inflammatory process. Rev Virtual Quim. 2009;1(3):241-56.Agra MF, Freitas PF, Barbosa-Filho JM. Synopsis of the plants known as medicinal and poisonous in Northeast of Brazil. Rev bras farmacogn. 2007;17(1):114-40.Lima V, Bezerra MM, Leitão RFC, Brito GAC, Rocha FAC, Ribeiro RA. Principais mediadores inflamatórios envolvidos na fisiopatologia da periodontite- papel de moduladores farmacológicos. R Periodontia. 2008;18(3):7-19.Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA, Kinane DF. Generation of inflammatory stimuli: how bacteria set up inflammatory responses in the gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(Suppl 6):57-71.Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Salo T. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2004;10(6):311-18.Uğar-Çankal D, Ozmeric N. A multifaceted molecule, nitric oxide in oral and periodontal diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;366(1-2):90-100.Kinane DF, Preshaw PM, Loos BG, Working Group 2 of Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. Host-response: understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of host-microbial interactions - consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(Suppl 11):44-8.Meira ALT, Todescan SMC, Azoubel E, Bittencourt S, Azoubel MCF. Uso de antimicrobianos locais em periodontia: uma abordagem critica. R Periodontia. 2007;17(1):83-9.Filter M, Freitas EM de, Périco E. Influência de diferentes concentrações dos fitorreguladores ácido 6-benzilaminopurina e ácido naftalenoacético na propagação vegetativa de Malva sylvestris L. Rev bras plantas med. 2014;16(1):47-53.Ferro D. Fitoterapia: conceitos clínicos. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2006.Moreira MJS, Ferreira MBC, Hashizume LN. Avaliação In Vitro da Atividade Antimicrobiana dos Componentes de um Enxaguatório Bucal contendo Malva. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2012;12(4):505-9.Ecker ACL, Martins IS, Kirsch L, Lima LO, Stefenon L, Mozzini CB. Efeitos benéficos e maléficos da Malva sylvestris. J Oral Invest. 2015;4(1):39-43.Ribeiro ASC, Pinto ATM, Silva DJ, Peixoto ITA. Atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes colutórios fitoterápicos. Ensaios Cienc, Cienc Biol Agrar Saúde. 2015;19(4):178-183.Torres CRG, Kubo CH, Anido AA, Rodrigues JR. Agentes antimicrobianos e seu potencial de uso na Odontologia. Pos-Grad Rev Fac Odontol São José dos Campos. 2000;3(2):43-52.Costa G. Efeito do extrato da casca de uva Vitis Vinífera (GSE) na pressão arterial, no perfil lipídico e glicídico e no estresse oxidativo em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos [mestrado]. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Centro Biomédico; 2008.Ishimoto EY. Efeito hipolipemiante e antioxidante de subprodutos da uva em hamsters [dissertação]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública; 2008.Gris EF. Perfil fenólico e atividades antioxidante e hipolipemiante de vinhos de variedades Vitis vinifera cultivadas em São Joaquim-SC-Brasil [dissertação]. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias; 2010.Machado MM. Desenvolvimento de uma bebida nutracêutica a partir de resíduos da produção do suco de uva: avaliação de propriedades antioxidantes e fisio-bioquímicas [tese]. Santa Maria: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; 2010.Rockenbach II, Silva GL, Rodrigues E, Gonzaga LV, Fett R. Atividade antioxidante de extratos de bagaço de uva das variedades Regente e Pinot Noir (Vitis vinifera). Rev Inst Adolfo Lutz. 2007;66(2):158-63.Bozan B, Tosun G, Özcan D. Study of polyphenol content in the seeds of red grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey and their antiradical activity. Food Chem. 2008;109(2):426-30.Rockenbach II, Silva GL, Rodrigues E, Kuskoski EM, Fett R. Influência do solvente no conteúdo total de polifenóis, antocianinas e atividade antioxidante de extratos de bagaço de uva (Vitis vinifera) variedades Tannat e Ancelota. Ciênc Tecnol Aliment. 2008;28(Suppl):238-44.Rockenbach I, Gonzaga LV, Rizelio VM, Gonçalves AES, Genovese MI, Fett R. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of seed and skin extracts of red grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis labrusca) pomace from Brazilian winemaking. Food Res Int. 2011;44(4):897-901.Santos L, Morais D, Souza N, Cottica S, Boroski M, Visentainer J. Phenolic compounds and fatty acids in different parts of Vitis labrusca and V. vinifera grapes. Food Res Int. 2011;44(5):1414-18. Lachman J, Hejtmánková A, Hejtmánková K, Horníčková Š, Pivec V, Skala O et al. Towards complex utilisation of winemaking residues: characterisation of grape seeds by total phenols, tocols and essential elements content as a by-product of winemaking. Ind Crop Prod. 2013;49:445-53.Ahmadi SM, Siahsar BA. Analogy of physicochemical attributes of two grape seeds cultivars. Cien Inv Agr. 2011; 38(2):291-301.Ribeiro MEM, Manfroi V. Vinho e Saúde: uma visão química. Rev Bras Vitic Etnol. 2018;2(2):91-103.Ribéreau-Gayon P, Glories Y, Maujean A, Dubourdieu D. Handbook of enology. 2.ed. Chichester: Wiley; 2006.Lorrain B, Ky I, Pechamat L, Teissedre P. Evolution of analysis of polyhenols from grapes, wines, and extracts. molecules. 2013;18(1):1076-100.Yoo Y, Saliba A, Prenzler P. Should Red Wine Be Considered a Functional Food?. 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Introduction: Dental trauma is a frequent occurance in Dentistry. They often occur in early childhood, between 0 to 3 years old, when children begin to learn their first steps, to play and run, because their habilities are not refined. Objective: The purpose of this article is to verify the occurance of traumatic dental injury in primary teeth in a children population. Material and Method: seventy-eight child from 0 to 6 years old male and female were evaluated. The study was conducted in Regional Hospital of Presidente Prudente. Children were evaluated by a questionary about occurance of traumatic injury, cause and search for attendance. The data were collected and submited to Spearman correlation test. Results: Traumatic dental injury occurs in deciduous teeth in (44,8%) of the population, more common in males (68,5%), at two years old (28,5%) and in front superior region (91,5%) in the upper central incisors (48,5%). Conclusion: By the use of correlation test of Spearman, it was possible to verify that there is a positive correlation between the factors: darkness and mobility, darkness and search for treatment, early loss and satisfactory treatment and search for treatment and satisfactory treatment.Descriptors: Tooth Injuries; Dentition; Dental Care.ReferênciasAssunção LRS, Cunha RF, Ferelle A. Análise dos traumatismos e suas seqüelas na dentição decídua: uma revisão de literatura. Pesqui bras odontopediatria clín integr. B. Odontopediatria. Clin. Integr. 2007;7(2):173-79.Duarte DA, Bonecker MJS, Sant’anna GR, Suga SS. Caderno de odontopediatria: lesões traumáticas em dentes decíduos: tratamento e controle. Santos; 2001.Moss SJ, Macaro H. Examination, evaluation and behavior management following injury to primary incisors. NY State Dent J. 1985;51(2):87-92.Campos JADB, Zuanon ACC, Pansani CA. Traumatismo na dentição decídua e suas conseqüências na dentição permanente. 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Prevalence of dento-alveolar traumatisms in the urgency pediatric dental clinic of FO UFRGS. Rev Fac Odontol Porto Alegre. 2003;44(1):52-6.Vasconcellos RJH, Oliveira DM, Nogueira RVB, Maciel AP, Cordeiro MC. Trauma na dentição decídua: enfoque atual. Rev cir traumatol buco-maxilo-fac. 2003;3(2):17-24.Simões FG, Leonardi DP, Baratto Filho F, Ferreira EL, Fariniuk LF, Sayão SMA. Fatores etiológicos relacionados ao traumatismo alvéolo-dentário de pacientes atendidos no pronto socorro odontológico do Hospital Universitário Cajuru. RSBO. 2004;1(1):50-5.Scarpari CEO, Possobon RF, Moraes ABA. Ocorrência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos de crianças atendidas no Cepae-FOP/UNICAMP. J Bras Odontopediatr Odontol Bebê. 2004;7(35):33-40.Zaze ASF, Assunção LRS, Provenzano MGA, Franzin LCS, Ferelle A, Cunha RF. Avaliação de traumatismos dentários em crianças assistidas em um pronto atendimento odontológico. Pesq Odontol Bras. 2004;18(sup):221.Oliveira FAM, Oliveira MG, Orso VA, Oliveira VR. 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Prediction factors for failure to seek treatment following traumatic dental injuries to primary teeth. Braz oral res. 2014;28(1):1-7.Losso EM, Tavares MCR, Bertoli FMP, Baratto Filho F. Tarumatismo dentoalveolar na dentição decídua. RSBO. 2011;8(1):e1-20.Chowdary GN, Hemalatha R, Vijayakumar R, Ganhesh R, Selvakuma H, Mangauyarkarasi S. Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in primary teth: A retrospective study. SRM J Res Dent Sci. 2014;5(1):11-3Souza Filho MD, Moura MS, Araújo RSRM, Araújo MAM, Moura LFAD. Prevalência de traumatismo dentário em pré-escolares de Teresina, PI. Arq Odontol. 2011;47(1):18-24.Granville-Garcia AF, Menezes VA, Lira PIC. Prevalência e fatores sócios-demográficos associados ao traumatismo dentário em pré-escolares. Odontol clín-cient. 2006;5(1):57-64.Kawabata CM, Sant'Anna GR, Duarte DA, Mathias MF. Estudo de injúrias traumáticas em crianças na faixa etária de 1 a 3 anos no município de Barueri, São Paulo, Brasil. 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Prevalence of teeth with untreated dental trauma among nursery and primary school pupils in Dae es Salaam, Tanzania. Dent Traumatol. 2001;17(3):109-13.

Dans la Rome républicaine et impériale, le hasard occupait une place importante tant dans la vie quotidienne que dans le fonctionnement des institutions. Le tirage au sort (sors ou sortitio en latin) était ainsi utilisé dans des contextes familiaux et privés (jeux de hasard ou pratiques magiques), dans les sanctuaires oraculaires, mais également dans la sphère civique afin de sélectionner des citoyens ou attribuer des tâches. Cette enquête étudie le tirage au sort utilisé pour répartir les provinces consulaires et prétoriennes entre les consuls et les préteurs en charge et, après 52 av. J.-C., sortis de charge (sortitio prouinciarum). Ce tirage au sort jouait un rôle stratégique dans la mesure où il permettait chaque année de répartir le commandement des armées et les principales tâches juridiques, judiciaires et administratives à Rome et dans l’Empire entre les magistrats curules tout en limitant les effets délétères de la compétition aristocratique. L’enquête débute à l’époque républicaine, plus précisément au IIIe siècle av. J.-C., siècle marqué par l’expansion territoriale de l’Empire et le développement des magistratures, et s’achève à la fin du règne d’Auguste, fondateur du Principat. Deux parties la structurent. La première restitue la législation qui encadrait alors le tirage au sort des provinces et étudie son évolution entre l’époque républicaine et impériale. La seconde analyse la manière dont était effectué, dans la pratique, le rituel du tirage au sort et les significations que lui donnaient les Romains
In Republican and Imperial Rome, chance played an important role, both in the private and the public sphere. While drawing of lots — called sors or sortitio in Latin — was commonly called upon for everyday purposes (in games of chance or magic rituals, for instance), and played an important role in oracular prophesies, the procedure was also used in an official context to assign public offices. We examine here a specific kind of sortition : the random drawing of provinces among consuls and praetors and, after 52 BCE, among former consuls and praetors. This sortition played a strategic role. It allowed indeed the Senate to assign military commands, juridical and judicial missions as well as administrative tasks in Rome and in the Empire among the high-ranking magistrates, while reducing the harmful effects of aristocratic competition. This research aims to restore the legal framework for the drawing by lot of provinces and to show how it evolved from the end of the 3rd century BCE until the reign of Augustus during the 1st century CE. It will then describe how the sortition worked out in practice and the meanings that Roman people attached to this ritual

M. Aemilius Lepidus (- 89 av J. -C. - 12 av J. -C. ) fut un personnage incontournable de la vie politique de la république romaine finissante. Issu d'une des plus anciennes gentes de la république, les Aemilii, il commença un cursus classique avant de devenir le magister equitum de césar. A la mort du dictateur, il ne choisit pas le parti sénatorial dirige par Cicéron, mais forma avec Antoine et Octavien le second triumvirat. Apres la guerre menée contre Sextus Pompey en 36, il fut destitue de ses pouvoirs triumviraux par Octavien. Son rôle et son œuvre politiques ont été discrédités par Cicéron et par la propagande augustéenne. Pourtant, son action fut loin d'être négligeable. Il administra Rome et l’Italie entre 46 et 44 ainsi qu'en 42. Il fit construire les saepta, le temple de la felicitas et le temple d'Isis. Enfin, comme gouverneur de province, il poursuivit activement la romanisation des provinces occidentales d’Espagne, de Narbonnaise et d’Afrique
M. Aemilius Lepidus began his cursus around 66 as triumvir monetalis. In 49, as praetor, he secured the passage of the law to elect Caesar as dictator. He was his master of the horse in 46, 45 and 44. He was responsible for the direction of extensive building activity, with the erection of the saepta and the temple to felicitas. After Caesar’s murder, Lepidus consolidated the control of his two provinces, Spain and narbonese Gaul. It was Lepidus who brought together Antony and Octavian for the negotiations which led to the formation of the second triumvirate in November 43. In 36, Lepidus promised to provide assistance to Octavian against Sextus Pompey. After their victory, Octavian surrended Lepidus 'camp and forced the legions to defect. Lepidus submitted himself to his conqueror and was stripped of triumviral power and sent into exile in Italy. He remained pontifex maximus until his death in 12 b. C. He displayed considerable administrative ability both in the city of Rome and as a provincial governor in Spain, Gaul and Africa

Les musiciens professionnels romains ont longtemps été ignorés par l’historiographie. Seuls les grands artistes ont attiré l’attention des chercheurs, laissant de côté la majorité de ceux qui faisaient de la pratique musicale leur métier. L’épigraphie, principale source de cette étude, permet de changer de regard, en s’attachant à des hommes pour qui la musique pouvait être autre chose qu’une prestation artistique. En effet, des musiciens étaient quotidiennement appelés à participer au fonctionnement de la cité. Que ce soit pour appeler les citoyens aux rassemblements politiques ou aider aux rites de la religion publique, des hommes étaient, en tant que musiciens, au service de la cité. Les musiciens militaires, soldats et spécialistes à la carrière typée, ont fait l’objet d’une étude à part, pensée comme une contribution à l’histoire des postes inférieurs au centurionat.L’un des objectifs de cette enquête est de déterminer en quoi leur position de desservants mineurs de la cité avait des conséquences sociales pour les musiciens. Une approche prosopographique a permis de faire ressortir les caractéristiques sociales d’un groupe professionnel inséré dans la couche moyenne de la plèbe. Certains musiciens se détachent particulièrement de l’ensemble : les aenatores étaient, par excellence, des desservants sonores des cités. Le règne d’Auguste a marqué un temps fort pour la considération sociale de ces musiciens. Symboles de l’antiquité de Rome, ils étaient à même d’incarner une partie du discours augustéen
No general study had focused on roman professional musicians. Famous artists have been considered, but everyday musicians remained ignored, even if some of them were exercising their talent for the benefit of the State. Musicians were used to summon citizens for the political meetings, or were expected to assist with the execution of state religion’s rites. Those men were, thanks to their musical performance, minor civil servants. Epigraphy is the main resource for this research. The prosopographical methodology chosen for this work has made it possible to reach these humble citizens. It also enabled a contribution to the history of the posts ranking under centurionate : their career paths of the military musicians were distinctive.As minor civil servants, how were musicians considered among the population of the roman cities ? These men belonged to the « middle class » plebs, but a special attention must be cast on the aenatores. They were, par excellence, civic musicians. Their history highlights Augustus’ reign : they seem to have enjoyed a special attention during the first princeps’ years. As epitomes of the Roman city’s antiquity, those men were ideal instruments chosen to trumpet the imperial ideology

La these etudie les mythes posthomeriques concernant diomede, heros etolo-argien, fils de tydee, en particulier ceux qui evoquent ses aventures italiennes. Elle se penche sur les traditions litteraires relatives a son exil d'argos, a ses errances, a son arrivee en italie du sud, en daunie, dans l'actuelle region des pouilles, a sa rencontre avec daunos, roi indigene d'apulie et eponyme des dauniens, et au denouement tantot tragique tantot heureux de cette rencontre. Elle tente d'eclairer la formation, la diffusion et l'evolution de ces legendes " diomediques " qui, depuis mimnerme, evoquent la presence du heros en daunie. Une place particuliere est accordee aux aves diomedis, ces compagnons du heros changes en oiseaux et aux iles sacrees, les diomedees, aujourd'hui iles tremiti, dans l'adriatique, ou le heros fut, dit-on, enterre, divinise et honore. L'etude aborde egalement les fondations des cites apuliennes en degageant les caracteristiques de tous les lieux lies au heros : arpi, campus diomedis, canusium, diomedeia, luceria, salapia, siponte. Si la these accorde une place centrale a l'apulie puisqu'elle decrit les caracteristiques archeologiques de cette culture, elle s'interesse egalement aux traditions secondaires evoquant la presence du heros dans des zones italiennes limitrophes comme la peucetie, la messapie, le samnium, l'ombrie. Une place particuliere est reservee a la venetie et a la zone nord adriatique ou les traditions diomediques sont particulierement denses. La question du culte de diomede dans les zones precitees, ainsi que les quelques attestations de ce culte en grande-grece sont ensuite abordes. Une troisieme partie est reservee au latium et aux traditions mettant en rapport diomede et enee : l'etude se concentre sur l'evolution de la figure de diomede a rome vers la fin de la republique et pendant l'epoque augusteenne en etudiant les traditions relatives a la restitution du palladion et les manipulations propagandistes de ce motif par les elites romaines hellenisees. La these se termine par l'etude des quelques attestations du heros dans le latium notamment du cote de lanuvium
The thesis studies post-homeric myths concerning the etolian and argive heroe diomedes, the son of tydeus, especially those connected with his italian adventures. The following litterary traditions are studied : those relating to his exile from argos, to his wanderings, to his arrival in southern italy, in daunia which is a part of apulia, to his meeting with daunus, the indigenous king and eponymous of the daunians, and to the sometimes tragic and sometimes fortunate outcome of this meeting. The study is highlighting the formation, the spreading and the evolution of those 'diomedic' legends which, since mimnermus, are mentioning the presence of the hero in daunia. A special position is granted to the aues diomedis, the companions of the hero who have been turned into birds, and to the sacred diomedean islands being today the tremiti islands located in the adriatic where the hero was buried, deified and worshipped. The foundations of apulian cities are also being studied here and the main features of all places connected to the hero are shown : arpi, campus diomedis, canusium, diomèdéia, luceria, salapia and sipontum. Though the thesis gives a major position to the daunia as it describes the main archeological aspects of its culture, it also deals with the secondary traditions mentioning the presence of the hero in border areas such as peucetia, messapia, samnium and umbria. A special position is granted to venetia and to the northern part of the adriatic where 'diomedic' traditions are particularly dense. The question of the cult of diomedes in the above mentioned areas and the few evidences of this cult in magna graecia are then dealt with. The third part deals with the latium and traditions connecting diomedes and aeneas : this study focuses on the perception of the figure of diomedes in roma by the end of the roman republic and during the augustan age going into traditions relating to the return of the palladium and the propagandist manipulations of this event by roman hellenised élites. The study ends with evidences of the presence of the hero in the latium and especially at lanuvium

Pour montrer la richesse des représentations poétiques de la mer, l’époque augustéenne constitue un moment clef. Avec la bataille d’Actium, la mer occupe une place nouvelle à Rome et devient un enjeu majeur, lieu de victoires et de pouvoir dans le discours d’Auguste et dans l’imaginaire romain, à un moment de refondation aussi bien politique que morale de la cité après les guerres civiles. C’est la manière dont cet objet s’est constitué en tant que catalyseur de toutes les grandes mutations de l’époque augustéenne qui retient notre attention. Nous étudions la mer comme locus, c’est-à-dire comme un objet poétique susceptible de refléter ou de modifier le lieu réel où l’activité humaine se déploie durant l’histoire grecque et romaine, mais aussi les représentations socioculturelles. Dans notre première partie, nous entreprenons une comparaison des rapports à la mer chez les Grecs et les Romains, dans leur histoire, leurs mentalités et leur littérature. Il apparaît que d’un point de vue axiologique, si la mer des poètes augustéens reçoit un traitement négatif en grande partie influencé par la poésie grecque, ce motif est enrichi d’un élément inédit : la condamnation de la navigation. Reliée aux guerres et à la luxuria, elle s’inspire chez les poètes augustéens d’une synthèse entre les influences de la philosophie grecque et de la morale traditionnelle : elle devient le lieu d’expression des passions humaines, depuis la cupidité jusqu’à la colère du Prince. Mais les poètes augustéens ont aussi été sensibles à l’héritage grec du motif épique de la mer : Virgile, dans l’Énéide, élabore à partir des modèles grecs un héroïsme nouveau, adapté à l’arrière-plan culturel romain, où prime la pietas, dans des errances où les épreuves maritimes sont systématiquement désamorcées. Ovide, dans ses Métamorphoses, relit Virgile pour déconstruire cette mer de la fabrique des héros et proposer une nouvelle représentation de la mer, miroir de la Pax Augusta. Pourtant, c’est l’élégie qui, en transférant toute ses ambiguïtés au locus marin, en fait le mieux le miroir troublant des changements politiques et des mutations morales que connaît Rome au début du Principat : la réélaboration élégiaque du motif épique de la mer est l’occasion du questionnement et de la réaffirmation des valeurs du mos maiorum, d’expérimentations génériques et surtout de la construction d’un nouvel héroïsme en mer, celui d’Auguste à Actium
To show the richness of the poetic representations of the sea, the Augustan epoch is considered a key period. With the battle of Actium, the sea holds a new place in Rome and becomes a major stake, place of victories and power in the speech of Augustus and in the Roman imagination, during a political and moral city rebuilding after the civil wars. It is the way this object was established as a catalyst of all the great changes of the Augustan period that holds our attention. We study the sea as locus, that is to say as a poetic object likely to reflect or modify the real place where the human activity spreads out during the Greek and Roman history, but also the socio-cultural representations. In our first part, we undertake a comparison of the relationships with the sea for Greeks and Romans, in their history, their mentalities and their literature. It appears that from an axiological point of view, if the sea of Augustan poets receives a negative treatment as in Greek poetry, this pattern is enriched by a previously unseen element: the navigation condemnation. Linked with war and luxuria, it is inspired for the Augustan poets by a synthesis between the influences of Greek philosophy and traditional morality: it becomes the place of expression of the human passions, from greed to anger of the Prince. But the Augustan poets have also carried the Greek heritage of the epic motif of the sea Virgil, in the Aeneid, develops from the Greek models a new heroism, adapted to the Roman cultural background, where the pietas takes the central part through wanderings where sea trials are systematically undone. Ovid, in his Metamorphoses, rereads Virgil to deconstruct this sea of heroes and to build a new representation of the sea, mirror of the Pax Augusta. However, the elegy, as the most ambiguous genre, introduces the most original and complex vision of the marine locus. Elegiac poets makes it the most disturbing mirror of the political changes and moral mutations that Rome experienced at the beginning of the Principate: the elegiacre-elaboration of the epic motif of the sea is an opportunity to question and reaffirm the values of the mos maiorum, generic experiments and especially the construction of a new heroism at sea, that of Augustus to Actium

Le principat, régime sans fondement juridique certain, se définit essentiellement par la personnalité et l'œuvre de son fondateur. On tente donc ici, après avoir démontré qu'Auguste était considéré dès le Ier siècle comme l'inventeur d'un nouveau régime et évacué la notion de "fiction républicaine", de mesurer comment s'est construite son image au cours de ce siècle, pour étudier ensuite le rapport de chaque prince, de Tibère à Trajan, à sa mémoire. L'étude s'appuie sur la confrontation du témoignage des historiens postérieurs aux auteurs contemporains, quand il y en a, et au témoignage des monnaies et des inscriptions. Tibère, Caligula et Claude échouent à s'imposer comme des successeurs dignes d'Auguste. Néron semble chercher une voie originale, mais ne la trouve pas. Après les trois échecs rapides de l'année 68-69, Vespasien réussit en se construisant une image de nouvel Auguste. Trajan met fin à une période en étant le premier à imposer son image propre face à celle d'Auguste
Principate is a regime without a definite legal basis and can be defined mainly according to the personality and works of its founder. After showing that Augustus was considered as early as the first century A. D. As the inventor of a new type of regime and dismissing the notion of "republican fiction", the author of this thesis will try to appraise how the image of a principate was built during that century and then go on to study the relation between every prince and his legacy from Tiberius to Trajan. The study is based on the accounts of historians who came after contemporary writers, where these accounts exist, and the evidence provided by coins and inscriptions. This thesis aims to show that Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Nero failed to assert themselves as worthy successors of Augustus. Vespasian succeeded in building for himself the image of a new Augustus. Trajan succeeded where his predecessors had failed, asserting himself and coming out of Augustus' shadow

Dans cet essai de commentaire historique, on s'est fixé trois objectifs pincipaux : En apportant des indications complémentaires d'ordre politique, géographique, historique qui permettent de replacer les faits et les personnages dans l'environnement institutionnel et culturel de l'époque, on vise à une meilleure compréhension du texte qui, centré tout entier sur le portrait du princeps, laisse volontiers de côté toute information qui ne le concerne pas directement. - En mettant en parallèle les informations données par Suétone et celles fournies par les auteurs de l'Antiquité et des commentaires postérieurs, on se fait une idée plus juste de la motivation et de la portée des actes d'Auguste, et l'on est sensible à une présentation qui contribue à l'élaboration d'une image originale de ce personnage.

Cette thèse s'intéresse aux processus de légitimation du pouvoir au cours des guerres civiles des années 44-29, débouchant sur l'instauration du Principat. Fondée sur une analyse des sources littéraires, numismatiques et iconographiques disponibles, elle étudie en regard les «discours de légitimation» des six prétendants au pouvoir (Marc Antoine, Brutus, Cassius, Lépide, Octavien et Sextus Pompée) et les «configurations de la reconnaissance)) dans lesquelles les «gouvernés» réagissent à ces revendications par des manifestations d'adhésion ou de rejet envers ces prétendants. Apres avoir montré que la période est marquée par une «saturation » de l' espace public en « discours de légitimation» et par des modalités d' expression largement communes aux six prétendants, elle dégage six « agents de légitimation » plus spécifiques parmi les gouvernés qui sont dotés d'un « pouvoir de légitimation» plus ou moins important. Celui-ci réside dans les manifestations publiques de ces agents, constituant les «attestations de légitimité » que les prétendants au pouvoir cherchent à susciter par leurs discours. Mais les rapports entre ces deux versants de la légitimation sont complexes et n'ont rien d'automatique: pour comprendre les processus de personnalisation et de privatisation du pouvoir de la période, il faut acquérir une vue d' ensemble de ces pratiques de légitimation, qui participent de la« guerre totale ») que se livrent alors les prétendants et qui aboutit, après l' élimination de ses adversaires, au pouvoir personnel d'Octavien-Auguste.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2012-2013.
En tant que recueil de biographies impériales et une des rares sources latines sur la période de la crise du IIIe siècle, l'Histoire Auguste a depuis toujours motivé surtout les études à caractère historique. En revanche, et malgré le souci d'écriture évident du rédacteur -perceptible dans son goût pour l'ironie et autres figures de style - l'aspect littéraire de l'ouvrage a jusqu'ici été beaucoup négligé. Afin de rétablir la situation, nous avons décidé de nous consacrer à une étude non seulement littéraire, mais rhétorique de l'Histoire Auguste, dans laquelle on discerne aisément l'intérêt du rédacteur pour l'éloquence des empereurs. Dans cette optique, ce mémoire a comme objectif de tracer le portrait de la rhétorique à la fois par rapport à la structure de l'oeuvre, à son lien avec les autres disciplines des belles-lettres et des sciences libérales, et surtout, par rapport à l'empereur et à sa performance oratoire. Ce travail pourra également s'inscrire dans la recherche récente sur la rhétorique latine de l'Antiquité tardive, une période charnière qui fut longtemps négligée par les littéraires.

Cette étude n'a pas pour objet de proposer une nouvelle définition archétypale de Dionysos, mais d'étudier, par une approche pluridisciplinaire, les mécanismes de perméabilité entre les différents phénomènes caractérisés comme dionysiaques, dans leur propre domaine de production et de réception – religieux, artistique, politique, philosophique. La première partie concerne l'évolution historique des cultes de Liber à Rome et en Italie. La deuxième est consacrée aux images du dionysisme à Pompéi, à leur fonctionnement et leurs évolutions internes. Les troisième et quatrième parties aboutissent au dionysisme augustéen : l'une est consacrée aux sources textuelles, l'autre aux sources figurées. La thèse soutenue ici est que, loin d'avoir jugulé un dionysisme compromis par la propagande d'Antoine, Auguste en a utilisé les composantes susceptibles de le légitimer dans son pouvoir monarchique, en le reconfigurant dans un système gréco-romain sensiblement nouveau
This essay is not intended to reappraise the archetypal image of Dionysus, but, by means of a multidisciplinary approach, to sort out the interaction process between the so-called Dionysiac phenomena, taking into consideration their own contexts of production and reception in Late Republican Rome: religious, artistic, political, philosophical. The first part studies the historical evolution of Liber's cults in Rome and Italy. In second instance Dionysiac images from Pompei are analyzed to enlighten their internal system and its evolution. Third and fourth parts lead to Augustean Dionysism: the one studies literary texts, the other figurative evidence. I argue that, instead of erasing Antonius' Dionysism, Augustus developed the side which would legitimate his monarchic power, shaping it into a definitely new “Greco-Roman” system