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Journal articles on the topic '3208 Medical physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ratti, Emiliangelo, David J. Carpenter, Stefano Zamuner, et al. "Efficacy of Vestipitant, A Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist, in Primary Insomnia." Sleep 36, no. 12 (2013): 1823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3208.

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2

Palve, Suchitra, and Sachin Palve. "Comparative study of self-directed learning and traditional teaching method in understanding cardio- respiratory physiology among medical undergraduates." Biomedicine 42, no. 1 (2022): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i1.662.

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Introduction and Aim: Active and learner centred learning methods specially, self-directed learning is considered to be an important method of blended learning approach of imparting knowledge among under graduate medical students in new curriculum through integrated approach. The aim of the study is to analyse the impact and benefits of self-directed learning sessions for understanding cardio- respiratory physiology among phase one MBBS students. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students of Phase I MBBS for CVS and RS modules. Two groups of students were m

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3

Zak, Margie B., Carl F. Dmuchowski, and Maureen A. Smythe. "Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 12, no. 1 (1996): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259601200105.

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Objective: The goals of this article are to (1) identify the incidence of reported laboratory abnormalities in patients in the medical intensive care unit (ICU); (2) characterize the relationship between reported laboratory abnormalities and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III) score, length of stay, and mortality; and (3) evaluate therapeutic replacement in patients with electrolyte abnormalities. Design: Retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to the medical ICU between April 1, 1993 and June 30, 1993. Setting: Large teaching institution. Participants:

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4

Boden, A. G., M. C. Harris, and M. J. Parkes. "Apneic threshold for CO2 in the anesthetized rat: fundamental properties under steady-state conditions." Journal of Applied Physiology 85, no. 3 (1998): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.898.

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Experiments were performed to measure the apneic threshold for CO2 and its fundamental properties in anesthetized rats under steady-state conditions. Breathing was detected from diaphragmatic electromyogram activity. Mechanical hyperventilation resulted in apnea once arterial[Formula: see text]([Formula: see text]) had fallen far enough. Apnea was not a reflex response to lung inflation because it did not occur immediately, was not prevented by vagotomy, and was reversed by raising [Formula: see text]without changing mechanical hyperventilation. The apneic threshold was measured by hyperventil

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5

O'Connor, Sinéad, Paul McLoughlin, Charles G. Gallagher, and Helen R. Harty. "Ventilatory response to incremental and constant-workload exercise in the presence of a thoracic restriction." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 6 (2000): 2179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2179.

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In the presence of an externally applied thoracic restriction, conflicting ventilatory responses to exercise have been reported, which could be accounted for by differences in exercise protocol. Seven male subjects performed two incremental and two constant-workload ergometer tests either unrestricted or in the presence of an inelastic corset. Ventilatory variables and arterial estimates of Pco 2 were obtained breath by breath. Subjects hyperventilated in the presence of restriction during the constant-workload test (38.4 ± 3.0 vs. 32.8 ± 3.0 l/min for the average of the last 3 min of exercise

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Scheuer, D. A., and M. H. Perrone. "Angiotensin type 2 receptors mediate depressor phase of biphasic pressure response to angiotensin." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 5 (1993): R917—R923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.5.r917.

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Angiotensin (ANG) can produce a biphasic arterial pressure response, i.e., an increase followed by a decrease. Because ANG type 1 (AT1) receptors mediate the pressor response to ANG, we hypothesized that the opposing depressor action is mediated by the ANG type 2 (AT2) receptors. In thiobutabarbital (Inactin)-anesthetized rats bolus injections of angiotensin III (ANG III; 100, 300, and 1,000 ng/kg iv) produced peak increases in MAP at 20 s of 13.4 +/- 1.4, 20.1 +/- 2, and 27.5 +/- 2.8 mmHg and maximum decreases in pressure at 120 s of -6.3 +/- 1.5, -6.8 +/- 2.2, and -11.4 +/- 4.9 mmHg. During

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7

Riedel, Thomas, John F. Fraser, Kimble Dunster, John Fitzgibbon, and Andreas Schibler. "Effect of smoke inhalation on viscoelastic properties and ventilation distribution in sheep." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 3 (2006): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01635.2005.

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Smoke inhalation injuries are the leading cause of mortality from burn injury. Airway obstruction due to mucus plugging and bronchoconstriction can cause severe ventilation inhomogeneity and worsen hypoxia. Studies describing changes of viscoelastic characteristics of the lung after smoke inhalation are missing. We present results of a new smoke inhalation device in sheep and describe pathophysiological changes after smoke exposure. Fifteen female Merino ewes were anesthetized and intubated. Baseline data using electrical impedance tomography and multiple-breath inert-gas washout were obtained

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Koike, A., D. Weiler-Ravell, D. K. McKenzie, S. Zanconato, and K. Wasserman. "Evidence that the metabolic acidosis threshold is the anaerobic threshold." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 6 (1990): 2521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.6.2521.

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We evaluated maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), the metabolic acidosis threshold determined by the V-slope analysis [plot of CO2 output (VCO2) as a function of oxygen uptake (VO2)], the ratio of increase in VO2 to work rate increment (delta VO2/delta WR), the upper slope (S2) of the V-slope analysis, and the VO2 for work below and above the metabolic acidosis threshold to determine whether the changes in O2 transport caused by increased carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) affected these parameters and variables. Ten normal subjects (aged 32.8 +/- 7.1 yr) performed symptom-limited incremental exercise tests in a

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9

Carolan, B., and E. Cafarelli. "Adaptations in coactivation after isometric resistance training." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 3 (1992): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.3.911.

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Twenty sedentary male university students were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. The experimental group trained the knee extensors of one leg by producing 30 isometric extension maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) per day, three times per week for 8 wk. After 8 wk of training, extensor MVC in the trained leg increased 32.8% (P less than 0.05), but there was no change in vastus lateralis maximal integrated electromyographic activity (IEMGmax). The most important finding was that the degree of hamstring coactivation during extension MVC decreased by approximately 20% (P l

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Masa, Juan F., Jaime Corral, Julio Sanchez de Cos, et al. "Effectiveness of Three Sleep Apnea Management Alternatives." Sleep 36, no. 12 (2013): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3204.

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11

Kawada, Toru, Shuji Shimizu, Atsunori Kamiya, Yusuke Sata, Kazunori Uemura, and Masaru Sugimachi. "Dynamic characteristics of baroreflex neural and peripheral arcs are preserved in spontaneously hypertensive rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 300, no. 1 (2011): R155—R165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00540.2010.

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Although baroreceptors are known to reset to operate in a higher pressure range in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the total profile of dynamic arterial pressure (AP) regulation remains to be clarified. We estimated open-loop transfer functions of the carotid sinus baroreflex in SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. Mean input pressures were set at 120 (WKY120 and SHR120) and 160 mmHg (SHR160). The neural arc transfer function from carotid sinus pressure to efferent splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) revealed derivative characteristics in both WKY and SHR. The slope of dynamic gain

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12

Leikauf, G. D., L. M. Leming, J. R. O'Donnell, and C. A. Doupnik. "Bronchial responsiveness and inflammation in guinea pigs exposed to acrolein." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 1 (1989): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.1.171.

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Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be produced experimentally after inhalation of numerous nonimmunospecific stimuli; our objective was to determine whether acrolein, a component of cigarette smoke, could increase bronchial reactivity to intravenously administered acetylcholine in guinea pigs. Bronchial responsiveness was assessed twice before and 1, 2, 6, and 24 h after exposures to less than or equal to 0.01 (sham), 0.31, 0.67, 0.94, or 1.26 parts per million for 2 h (5–7 guinea pigs/group). To examine the possible relationships of responsiveness to inflammatory mediator release and cellular

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Starling, Raymond D., Todd A. Trappe, Allen C. Parcell, Chad G. Kerr, William J. Fink, and David L. Costill. "Effects of diet on muscle triglyceride and endurance performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 4 (1997): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.4.1185.

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Starling, Raymond D., Todd A. Trappe, Allen C. Parcell, Chad G. Kerr, William J. Fink, and David L. Costill. Effects of diet on muscle triglyceride and endurance performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1185–1189, 1997.—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of diet on muscle triglyceride and endurance performance. Seven endurance-trained men completed a 120-min cycling bout at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake. Each subject then ingested an isocaloric high-carbohydrate (Hi-CHO; 83% of energy) or a high-fat (Hi-Fat; 68% of energy) diet for the ensuing 12 h. After a 12-h overnight

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14

Hampson, N. B., E. M. Camporesi, B. W. Stolp, et al. "Cerebral oxygen availability by NIR spectroscopy during transient hypoxia in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 3 (1990): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.907.

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The effects of mild hypoxia on brain oxyhemoglobin, cytochrome a,a3 redox status, and cerebral blood volume were studied using near-infrared spectroscopy in eight healthy volunteers. Incremental hypoxia reaching 70% arterial O2 saturation was produced in normocapnia [end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) 36.9 +/- 2.6 to 34.9 +/- 3.4 Torr] or hypocapnia (PETCO2 32.8 +/- 0.6 to 23.7 +/- 0.6 Torr) by an 8-min rebreathing technique and regulation of inspired CO2. Normocapnic hypoxia was characterized by progressive reductions in arterial PO2 (PaO2, 89.1 +/- 3.5 to 34.1 +/- 0.1 Torr) with stable PETCO2, arterial

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Kuhlenhoelter, Alisha M., Kyoungrae Kim, Dustin Neff, et al. "Heat therapy promotes the expression of angiogenic regulators in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, no. 2 (2016): R377—R391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00134.2016.

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Heat therapy has been shown to promote capillary growth in skeletal muscle and in the heart in several animal models, but the effects of this therapy on angiogenic signaling in humans are unknown. We evaluated the acute effect of lower body heating (LBH) and unilateral thigh heating (TH) on the expression of angiogenic regulators and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in healthy young individuals. Exposure to LBH ( n = 18) increased core temperature (Tc) from 36.9 ± 0.1 to 37.4 ± 0.1°C ( P < 0.01) and average leg skin temperature (Tleg) from 33.1 ± 0.1 to 39.6 ± 0.1°C ( P < 0.01), but did not al

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16

Barak, Otto F., Kresimir Caljkusic, Ryan L. Hoiland, et al. "Differential influence of vitamin C on the peripheral and cerebral circulation after diving and exposure to hyperoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 315, no. 4 (2018): R759—R767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00412.2017.

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We examined if the diving-induced vascular changes in the peripheral and cerebral circulation could be prevented by oral antioxidant supplementation. Fourteen divers performed a single scuba dive to eighteen meter sea water for 47 min. Twelve of the divers participated in a follow-up study involving breathing 60% of oxygen at ambient pressure for 47 min. Before both studies, participants ingested vitamin C (2 g/day) or a placebo capsule for 6 days. After a 2-wk washout, the study was repeated with the different condition. Endothelium-dependent vasodilator function of the brachial artery was as

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17

Mack, G. W., L. M. Shannon, and E. R. Nadel. "Influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on the control of sweating in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 5 (1986): 1701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.5.1701.

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To evaluate the role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the control of human sweating, we studied six subjects during 40 min of cycle-ergometer exercise (60% maximal O2 consumption) at 22 degrees C 2 h after oral administration of placebo or nonselective beta-blockade (BB, 80 mg propranolol). Internal temperature (esophageal temperature, Tes), mean skin temperature (Tsk), local chest temperature (Tch), and local chest sweat rate (msw) were continuously recorded. The control of sweating was best described by the slope of the linear relationship between msw and Tes and the threshold Tes for the ons

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18

Shido, O., Y. Yoneda, and T. Nagasaka. "Changes in body temperature of rats acclimated to heat with different acclimation schedules." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 5 (1989): 2154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.5.2154.

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Male Wistar rats, initially maintained at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 23.8 degrees C, were subjected to one of seven different heat acclimation schedules under a 12:12-h light-dark cycle (lights on at 0600 h). Two groups of rats were exposed to Ta of 32.4 degrees C all day for 5 (HC5) or 10 (HC10) days. The other four groups were exposed to Ta of 32.8 degrees C for 5 h/day during the last half of the dark phase for 5 (NI5) or 10 (NI10) consecutive days or during the last half of the light phase for 5 (DI5) or 10 (DI10) consecutive days. Control rats (C) were kept at 23.8 degrees C throughou

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19

Shido, O., and T. Nagasaka. "Thermoregulatory responses to acute body heating in rats acclimated to continuous heat exposure." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 1 (1990): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.59.

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Thermoregulatory responses to an acute heat load with intraperitoneal heating (IH) or indirect external warming (EW) by increasing ambient temperature (Ta) were investigated with direct and indirect calorimetry in rats acclimated to environments of 24.0 degrees C (Cn), 29.4 degrees C (H1), and 32.8 degrees C (H2) for greater than 15 days. The rats were placed in a direct calorimeter where the air temperature was maintained at 24 degrees C for the initial 3 h. IH was then made for 30 min through an electric heater implanted chronically (6.5 W.kg-1) in the peritoneal cavity, and EW was performed

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Moir, Hannah, Michael G. Hughes, Stephen Potter, et al. "Exercise-induced immunosuppression: roles of reactive oxygen species and 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase dephosphorylation within immune cells." Journal of Applied Physiology 108, no. 5 (2010): 1284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00737.2009.

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We previously proposed 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dephosphorylation within immune cells as an intracellular mechanism linking exercise and immunosuppression. In this study, AMPK phosphorylation underwent transient (<1 h) decreases (53.8 ± 7.2% basal) immediately after exercise (45 min of cycling at 70% V̇o2max) in a cohort of 16 adult male participants. Similar effects were seen with running. However, because exercise-induced inactivation of AMPK was previously shown to occur in an AMP-independent manner, the means by which AMPK is inactivated in this context is not yet clear. T

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Spencer, T. N., K. J. Botting, J. L. Morrison, and G. S. Posterino. "Contractile and Ca2+-handling properties of the right ventricular papillary muscle in the late-gestation sheep fetus." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 3 (2006): 728–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00214.2006.

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The force-generating capacity of cardiomyocytes rapidly changes during gestation and early postnatal life coinciding with a transition in cardiomyocyte nucleation in both mice and rats. Changes in nucleation, in turn, appear to coincide with important changes in the excitation-contraction coupling architecture. However, it is not clear whether similar changes are observed in other mammals in which this transition occurs prenatally, such as sheep. Using small (70–300 μM diameter) chemically skinned cardiomyocyte bundles from the right ventricular papillary muscle of sheep fetuses at 126–132 and

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Convertino, Victor A. "Mechanisms of blood pressure regulation that differ in men repeatedly exposed to high-G acceleration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 4 (2001): R947—R958. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.4.r947.

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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that repeated exposure to high acceleration (G) would be associated with enhanced functions of specific mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. We measured heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q̊), mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, forearm and leg vascular resistance, catecholamines, and changes in leg volume (%ΔLV) during various protocols of lower body negative pressure (LBNP), carotid stimulation, and infusions of adrenoreceptor agonists in 10 males after three training sessions on different days over

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Howlett, Richard A., Casey A. Kindig, and Michael C. Hogan. "Intracellular Po2 kinetics at different contraction frequencies in Xenopus single skeletal muscle fibers." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 4 (2007): 1456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00422.2006.

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Increasing contraction frequency in single skeletal muscle fibers has been shown to increase the magnitude of the fall in intracellular Po2 (PiO2), reflecting a greater metabolic rate. To test whether PiO2 kinetics are altered by contraction frequency through this increase in metabolic stress, PiO2 was measured in Xenopus single fibers ( n = 11) during and after contraction bouts at three different frequencies. PiO2 was measured via phosphorescence quenching at 0.16-, 0.25-, and 0.5-Hz tetanic stimulation. The kinetics of the change in PiO2 from resting baseline to end-contraction values and e

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Heusser, Karsten, Gordan Dzamonja, Toni Breskovic, et al. "Sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to glossopharyngeal insufflation in trained apnea divers." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 6 (2010): 1728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00522.2010.

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Glossopharyngeal insufflation (lung packing) is a common maneuver among experienced apnea divers by which additional air is pumped into the lungs. It has been shown that packing may compromise cardiovascular homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that the packing-mediated increase in intrathoracic pressure enhances the baroreflex-mediated increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in response to an exaggerated drop in cardiac output (CO). We compared changes in hemodynamics and MSNA (peroneal microneurography) during maximal breath-holds without and with prior moderate packing (0.79 ±

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Stachenfeld, Nina S., and Hugh S. Taylor. "Sex hormone effects on body fluid and sodium regulation in women with and without exercise-associated hyponatremia." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 3 (2009): 864–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91211.2008.

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We hypothesized that exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a function of excess sodium loss combined with high water intake in women at risk for dysnatremias during endurance exercise. We further hypothesized that estradiol and progesterone exposure increases fluid retention and sodium loss during exercise in women at risk for EAH. For 16 days we suppressed estrogens and progesterone with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH ant) in seven women with (Hypo) and nine women without (no Hypo) a history of hyponatremia; we added 17β-estradiol (0.2 mg/day patches) for days 4–16 (E2)

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Fu, Z., M. L. Costello, K. Tsukimoto, et al. "High lung volume increases stress failure in pulmonary capillaries." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 1 (1992): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.1.123.

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We previously showed that when pulmonary capillaries in anesthetized rabbits are exposed to a transmural pressure (Ptm) of approximately 40 mmHg, stress failure of the walls occurs with disruption of the capillary endothelium, alveolar epithelium, or sometimes all layers. The present study was designed to test whether stress failure occurred more frequently at high than at low lung volumes for the same Ptm. Lungs of anesthetized rabbits were inflated to a transpulmonary pressure of 20 cmH2O, perfused with autologous blood at 32.5 or 2.5 cmH2O Ptm, and fixed by intravascular perfusion. Samples

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Raj, Rishabh, Uma Devaraj, Chitra Veluthat, Kavitha Venkatnarayan, Priya Ramachandran, and Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy. "Development of a reference equation for maximal exercise capacity in normal Indian subjects using cardiopulmonary exercise testing." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66 (August 10, 2022): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_364_2021.

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Objectives: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an integrative assessment of multiple interdependent variables contributing to exercise response. CPET parameters such as maximum or peak oxygen uptake (VO2max/peak) are used to estimate this response. VO2max/peak varies with physiological predictors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and activity level. The existing normative values for Indian subjects have, thus, far been adapted from Western populations who have a different body habitus in terms of these physiological predictors. We aimed to determine the relation and a prediction

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Granados, Jorge, Trevor L. Gillum, Kevin M. Christmas та Matthew R. Kuennen. "Prohormone supplement 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one enhances resistance training gains but impairs user health". Journal of Applied Physiology 116, № 5 (2014): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00616.2013.

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Prohormone supplements (PS) are recognized not to impart anabolic or ergogenic effects in men, but the research supporting these conclusions is dated. The Anabolic Steroid Control Act was amended in 2004 to classify androstenedione and 17 additional anabolic compounds as controlled substances. The viability of PS that entered the market after that time have not been evaluated. Seventeen resistance-trained men (23 ± 1 yr; 13.1 ± 1.5% body fat) were randomly assigned to receive either 330 mg/day of 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one (Prohormone; n = 9) or sugar (Placebo; n = 8) per os and complet

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Sood, Nilita, Scott E. Turcotte, Nastasia V. Wasilewski, et al. "Small-airway obstruction, dynamic hyperinflation, and gas trapping despite normal airway sensitivity to methacholine in adults with chronic cough." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 2 (2019): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00635.2018.

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The clinical relevance of cough during methacholine challenge in individuals with normal airway sensitivity is unknown. We compared responses of individuals with chronic cough who cough during high-dose methacholine bronchoprovocation and have normal versus increased airway sensitivity to healthy controls. Fifteen healthy participants (CONTROL) aged 26 ± 7 yr (mean ± SD) and 32 participants aged 42 ± 14 yr with chronic cough and suspected asthma completed high-dose methacholine challenge testing. Three participants who did not cough and had normal airway sensitivity were excluded. Spirometry a

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Yalçin, Fatih, Nagehan Kucukler, Oscar Cingolani, et al. "Evolution of ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial mechanics in physiological and pathological hypertrophy." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 2 (2019): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00199.2016.

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Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an adaptive response to physiological or pathological stimuli, and distinguishing between the two has obvious clinical implications. However, asymmetric septal hypertrophy and preserved cardiac function are noted in early stages in both cases. We characterized the early anatomic and functional changes in a mouse model of physiological and pathological stress using serial echocardiography-based morphometry and tissue velocity imaging. Weight-matched CF-1 male mice were separated into Controls ( n = 10), treadmill Exercise 1 h daily for 5 days/wk ( n = 7), a

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Song, Daisheng, Keith A. Sharkey, Deanne R. Breitman, Yikun Zhang, and Samuel S. Lee. "Disordered central cardiovascular regulation in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 3 (2001): G420—G430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.3.g420.

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Portal hypertension due to either prehepatic portal hypertension or cirrhosis is associated with cardiovascular derangement. We aimed to delineate regulatory mechanisms in the brain stem cardiovascular nuclei in rat models of prehepatic portal hypertension and cirrhosis. Neuronal activation in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for the immediate-early gene product Fos. In the same sections, catecholaminergic neurons were counted by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining. Ninety minutes after hypotensive hemorrhage (

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O'Grady, Gregory, Peng Du, Wim J. E. P. Lammers, et al. "High-resolution entrainment mapping of gastric pacing: a new analytical tool." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 298, no. 2 (2010): G314—G321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00389.2009.

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Gastric pacing has been investigated as a potential treatment for gastroparesis. New pacing protocols are required to improve symptom and motility outcomes; however, research progress has been constrained by a limited understanding of the effects of electrical stimulation on slow-wave activity. This study introduces high-resolution (HR) “entrainment mapping” for the analysis of gastric pacing and presents four demonstrations. Gastric pacing was initiated in a porcine model (typical amplitude 4 mA, pulse width 400 ms, period 17 s). Entrainment mapping was performed using flexible multielectrode

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Wright, Olivia R. L., Gabriele A. Netzel, and Amy R. Sakzewski. "A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of dried purple carrot on body mass, lipids, blood pressure, body composition, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese adults: The QUENCH Trial." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 91, no. 6 (2013): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2012-0349.

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Obesity is a significant health issue worldwide and is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation predisposing the individual to cardiovascular disease and impaired blood glucose homeostasis. Anthocyanins and phenolic acids from purple carrots are effective at reversing inflammation and metabolic alterations in animal models, potentially through inhibition of inflammatory pathways. The effects of dried purple carrot on body mass, body composition, blood pressure, lipids, inflammatory markers, liver function tests, and appetite were investigated in 16 males (aged 53.1 ± 7.6 years and with

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Lee, Yi Lin, Kalyanasundaram Ganesh, Lian Kah Ti, and Shin Yi Ng. "A prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study of sedation practices in SGH intensive care units." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 27, no. 2 (2017): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105817731799.

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Background: Critically ill patients require sedation for patient comfort and ventilator synchrony. Despite the extensive use of sedation, to date there is no consensus on the best sedation practices. We attempt to investigate our local sedation practices. Method: This was a single-centre prospective, observation cohort study in medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients who were ventilated and sedated for more than 24 hours. Baseline demographics were obtained and patients followed-up for 28 days or to ICU discharge. Details on sedatives, ventilation duration, vasopressors and ren

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Bogaert, Jan, and Frank E. Rademakers. "Regional nonuniformity of normal adult human left ventricle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 2 (2001): H610—H620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.2.h610.

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Regional nonuniformity is a feature of both diseased and normal left ventricles (LV). With the use of magnetic resonance (MR) myocardial tagging, we performed three-dimensional strain analysis on 87 healthy adults in local cardiac and fiber coordinate systems (radial, circumferential, longitudinal, and fiber strains) to characterize normal nonuniformities and to test the validity of wall thickening as a parameter of regional function. Regional morphology included wall thickness and radii of curvature measurements. With respect to transmural nonuniformity, subendocardial strains exceeded subepi

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Andrási, Terézia B., Anna Blázovics, Gábor Szabó, Christian F. Vahl, and Siegfried Hagl. "Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ-34 reduces mesenteric vascular injury induced by experimental cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiac arrest." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 288, no. 6 (2005): H2972—H2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01039.2004.

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition on mesenteric vascular function and metabolism in an experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with cardiac arrest. Twelve anesthetized dogs underwent 90-min hypothermic CPB. After 60 min of cardiac arrest, reperfusion was started for 40 min following application of either saline vehicle (control, n = 6) or a potent PARP inhibitor, PJ-34 (10 mg/kg iv bolus and 0.5 mg·kg−1·min−1 infusion for 20 min, n = 6). PJ-34 led to better recovery of cardiac output (2.2 ± 0.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2 l/min in co

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Lee, Rok, Tae Yong Shin, Hyung Jun Moon, et al. "Utility of the APACHE II score as a neurological prognostic factor for glufosinate-intoxicated patients with alert mental status." Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology 21, no. 2 (2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22537/jksct.2023.00018.

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Purpose: In patients with glufosinate poisoning, severe neurological symptoms may be closely related to a poor prognosis, but their appearance may be delayed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score could predict the neurological prognosis in patients with glufosinate poisoning who present to the emergency room with alert mental status.Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively through a chart review for patients over 18 years who presented to a single emergency medical center from January 2018 to December

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Lutostansky, Elizabeth M., Gerhard Karner, Gerhard Rappitsch, David N. Ku, and Karl Perktold. "Analysis of Hemodynamic Fluid Phase Mass Transport in a Separated Flow Region." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 2 (2003): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1543547.

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The mass transfer behavior in the recirculation region downstream of an axisymmetric sudden expansion was examined. The Reynolds number, 500, and Schmidt number, 3200, were selected to model the mass transfer of molecules, such as ADP, in the arterial system. In a first step the transient mass transport applying zero diffusive flux at the wall was analyzed using experiments and two computational codes. The two codes were FLUENT, a commercially available finite volume method, and FTSP, a finite element code developed at Graz University of Technology. The comparison of the transient wall concent

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Bodenlenz, Manfred, Lukas A. Schaupp, Tatjana Druml, et al. "Measurement of interstitial insulin in human adipose and muscle tissue under moderate hyperinsulinemia by means of direct interstitial access." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 289, no. 2 (2005): E296—E300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00431.2004.

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Insulin’s action to stimulate glucose utilization is determined by the insulin concentration in interstitial fluid (ISF) of insulin-sensitive tissues. The concentration of interstitial insulin has been measured in human subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, however, never in parallel. The aim of this study was to compare interstitial insulin levels between both tissue beds by simultaneous measurements and to verify and quantify low peripheral ISF insulin fractions as found during moderate hyperinsulinemia. Nine healthy subjects (27.2 ± 0.8 yr) were investigated. A euglycemic-hyperin

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Kasińska, Zofia, Piotr Kazimierz Urbański, and Tomasz Tasiemski. "Sports Injuries Among Players of the Polish National Team in Amputee Football in the Annual Training Cycle." Journal of Human Kinetics 81, no. 1 (2022): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0021.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, type and origin of the occurrence of injuries in amputee football. The studied group comprised all members of the Polish national amputee football team (n = 25). During the 9-month observation period, 13 players incurred 22 injuries. The incidence proportion was 48.0 per 100 athletes (95% Cl, 28.4-67.6) and the incidence rate was 5.73 per 1000 athlete-days (95% Cl, 3.33-8.12). The study showed that 32.8% of the injuries were to the thigh, 13.6% to the ankle, and 9.1% to the knee. The obtained results indicate that amputee football p

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Kolla, B., B. J. Coombes, T. I. Morgenthaler, and M. P. Mansukhani. "0173 Spring Forward, Fall Back: Increased Patient Safety-Related Adverse Events Following the Spring Time Change." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.171.

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Abstract Introduction “Spring forward,” the start of daylight savings time (DST) reduces sleep opportunity by an hour. The resulting sleep deprivation in healthcare workers can increase the potential for medical errors. We examined the change in patient safety-related adverse events (AEs) following the time change in both spring and fall. Methods Self-reported AEs that occurred 7 days prior to and following the spring and fall time changes for years 2010–2017 in a large healthcare organization were ascertained. AEs likely resulting from human errors were identified. The change in the number of

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Taraseviciene-Stewart, Laimute, Lajos Gera, Peter Hirth, Norbert F. Voelkel, Rubin M. Tuder, and John M. Stewart. "A bradykinin antagonist and a caspase inhibitor prevent severe pulmonary hypertension in a rat model." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 4 (2002): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-047.

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Chronically hypoxic rats (exposed to 5000 m elevation for 3 weeks) develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) that is reversed upon return to normoxia and is blocked by bradykinin (BK) antagonist B9430 treatment (100 µg/kg s.c. three times per week). Treatment of rats with both the synthetic VEGF receptor-1/2 antagonist 3-[(2,4-dimethylpyrrol- 5-yl)methylidenyl]-indolin-2-one (SU5416) (200 mg/kg, single s.c. injection) and hypoxia (3 weeks) causes irreversible severe PH characterized by marked elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), right ventricular hypertrophy, and obliteration of pulmonary a

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Seewald, M., A. Muench, C. Alio, et al. "1111 Do Sleep Disorder Symptom Endorsements Differ Between ADHD Subtypes?" Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (2020): A422—A423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1106.

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Abstract Introduction To date, research on differences in sleep complaints between patients with different subtypes of ADHD has been mixed. On balance, the evidence tends towards ADHD-Combined Presentation (ADHD-C) being associated with more severe sleep and sleep-related daytime complaints than ADHD-Primarily Inattentive (ADHD-I). In order to further assess this issue a surveillance study was undertaken in an active ADHD clinic by adding a comprehensive sleep disorders screener (SDS-CL-25) to the clinical intake procedures. These data were used to ascertain whether the two subtypes differ for

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Meghpara, Sanket, Rijesh Niraula, Dana Awad, Lourdes DelRosso, Lynn Keenan, and Karl Van Gundy. "0274 Comparing Sleep Architecture in Apple Watch Series 7 with SleepImage Rings." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0274.

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Abstract Introduction The awareness of the importance of healthy sleep is increasing in the community, hence many devices were developed in the last decade to help recognize sleep architecture. Studies that assessed the matching between sleep rings and iOS systems in apple watches are limited. We aimed to show that the Apple watch can be a useful tool in evaluating sleep architecture for many sleep disorders by comparing it with sleepimage rings. Methods We conducted home sleep studies on 1 participant for 7 nights using SleepImage rings and Apple Watch Series 7 with sleep health simultaneousl

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Rosenzweig, Rebecca, Katie McCullar, John McGeary, and Mary Carskadon. "0127 Effects of pre-sleep alcohol consumption on sleep and heart rate (HR)." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (2023): A57—A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0127.

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Abstract Introduction Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is relatively low, parasympathetic NS (PNS) relatively high, and heart rate (HR) is slow in NREM sleep. In tonic REM sleep, PNS activity remains high, but phasic REM sleep is associated with brief alterations of SNS/PNS balance along with irregular and phasic changes in HR. Alcohol elevates SNS activity, producing an overall increased HR during sleep. We propose to examine HR in NREM N2, N3, and REM sleep to determine whether the alcohol-related HR increase is present in these states. Methods 27 healthy adults [(mean ± SD) 32.8 ±

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Brasil, Roxana, Ana Barreto, Leandro Nogueira, Edil Santos, Jefferson Novaes, and Victor Reis. "Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Continuous and Intermittent Cycling." Journal of Human Kinetics 29A, Special-Issue (2011): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-011-0060-7.

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Comparison of Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Continuous and Intermittent CyclingThe present study tested the hypothesis that the exercise protocol (continuous vs. intermittent) would affect the physiological response and the perception of effort during aquatic cycling. Each protocol was divided on four stages. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, blood lactate concentration, central and peripheral rate of perceived exertion were collected in both protocols in aquatic cycling in 10 women (values are mean ± SD): age=32.8 ± 4.8 years; height=1.62 ± 0.05 cm; body mass=61.60 ± 5.19

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Gao, Erhe, Matthieu Boucher, J. Kurt Chuprun, Rui-Hai Zhou, Andrea D. Eckhart, and Walter J. Koch. "Darbepoetin alfa, a long-acting erythropoietin analog, offers novel and delayed cardioprotection for the ischemic heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): H60—H68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00227.2007.

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Recent studies from our lab and others have shown that the hematopoietic cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) can protect the heart from ischemic damage in a red blood cell-independent manner. Here we examined any protective effects of the long-acting EPO analog darbepoetin alfa (DA) in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Rats were subjected to 30-min ischemia followed by 72-h reperfusion. In a dose-response study, DA (2, 7, 11, and 30 μg/kg) or vehicle was administered as a single bolus at the start of ischemia. To determine the time window of potential cardioprotection, a single high

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Carlsson, Ola, and Bengt Rippe. "Peritoneal lymphatic absorption and solute exchange during zymosan-induced peritonitis in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 3 (1999): H1107—H1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.3.h1107.

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Lymph flow is elevated in most inflammatory conditions. However, a few previous studies have indicated that peritoneal lymph flow may actually fall during acute peritonitis. This study was performed to explore this issue further and to study the pathophysiology of peritoneal exchange during peritonitis. Therefore, we wanted to assess the total peritoneal clearance (Cl) and the clearance from peritoneum to plasma (Cl → P) of125I-labeled albumin (125I-albumin) as well as plasma-to-dialysate clearance (Cl → D) of Evans blue-labeled albumin together with peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) profiles an

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Seol, Geun Hee, Seung Cheol Ahn, Ji Aee Kim, Bernd Nilius, and Suk Hyo Suh. "Inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by extracellular K+: a novel controlling signal for vascular contractility." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 1 (2004): H329—H339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00503.2003.

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The effects of extracellular K+ on endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) and on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were examined in mouse aorta, mouse aorta endothelial cells (MAEC), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In mouse aortic rings precontracted with prostaglandin F2α or norepinephrine, an increase in extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) from 6 to 12 mM inhibited EDR concentration dependently. In endothelial cells, an increase in [K+]o inhibited the agonist-induced [Ca2+]i increase concentration dependently. Similar to K+, Cs+ also inhibited EDR and the incr

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Solomon, Thomas P. J., Jacob M. Haus, Christine M. Marchetti, William C. Stanley, and John P. Kirwan. "Effects of exercise training and diet on lipid kinetics during free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in older obese humans with impaired glucose tolerance." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 2 (2009): E552—E559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00220.2009.

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Elevated free fatty acids (FFA) are implicated with insulin resistance at the cellular level. However, the contribution of whole body lipid kinetics to FFA-induced insulin resistance is not well understood, and the effect of exercise and diet on this metabolic defect is not known. We investigated the effect of 12 wk of exercise training with and without caloric restriction on FFA turnover and oxidation (FFAox) during acute FFA-induced insulin resistance. Sixteen obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to either a hypocaloric ( n = 8; −598 ± 125 kcal/day, 66 ± 1 yr, 32.8

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