Academic literature on the topic '338.702 854 6'

Gerald Stourzh, Um Einheit und Freiheit. Staatsvertrag, Neutralität und das Ende der Ost-West-Besetzung Österreichs 1945–1955 (4. völlig überarbeitete und wesentlich erweiterte Auflage), Studien zu Politik und Verwaltung 62 (Vienna/Cologne/Graz: Böhlau, 1998), 834 pp., ISBN 3-205-98383-1. Günter Bischof, Austria in the First Cold War, 1945–55. The Leverage of the Weak (Basingstoke/London: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, 1999), 237 pp., ISBN 0-333-72547-6. Lothar Höbelt, Von der vierten Partei zur Dritten Kraft. Die Geschichte des VdU (Graz/Stuttgart: Leopold Stocker Verlag, 1999), 303 pp., ISBN 3-702-00866-7. Anton Pelinka, Austria. Out of the Shadow of the Past, Nations of the Modern World: Europe (Boulder/Oxford: Westview, 1998), 256 pp., ISBN 0-813-32918-3.

Abstract Introduction Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a serious adverse effect of myelosuppressive chemotherapy, which often results in hospitalization and chemotherapy dose modification. FN risk depends on patient characteristics and chemotherapy regimen risk. Understanding the FN risk associated with individual chemotherapy regimens can help guide the use of prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and patient monitoring. To this end, the NCCN has classified regimens into high (≥20%), intermediate (10%-20%), or low (<10%) FN risk based primarily on clinical trial data. However, even for the same regimen, the FN risk is often higher in clinical practice than in clinical trials. In this study, we assessed the FN risk associated with several regimens for which FN risk has not been determined or has shown substantial variability outside of a clinical trial setting, using data from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), a large, community-based practice. Methods Included were patients diagnosed with incident non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), breast cancer (BC), or multiple myeloma (MM) between 2008 and 2013 at KPSC who initiated the following chemotherapy regimens: bendamustine ± rituximab for NHL; docetaxel, carboplatin, and trastuzumab (TCH) or docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) for BC; or Q4W lenalidomide 25 mg/dexamethasone for MM. Bendamustine ± rituximab, TCH, and lenalidomide are not classified by NCCN; TC is classified as intermediate FN risk but has shown considerable variability of FN incidence when used in clinical practice. Data on cancer diagnosis, chemotherapy use, G-CSF use, neutrophil count, and infections were obtained from KPSC's electronic medical records to estimate the incidence proportions of FN and grade 3 and 4 neutropenia. FN was defined as (1) hospitalization with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1000/µL or (2) hospitalization with primary or secondary diagnosis codes of neutropenia (ICD-9 288.0x) and fever (ICD-9 780.6), diagnosis code for bacterial/fungal infection, or antibiotic use. Grade 3 neutropenia was defined as ANC ≥500/µL to <1000/µL; grade 4 neutropenia as ANC <500/µL. Patients who received prophylactic G-CSF within 5 days of chemotherapy initiation were excluded from analysis. Results Overall, 40 (12%) NHL patients; 149 (24%) and 340 (28%) BC patients who received TCH and TC, respectively; and 0 (0%) MM patients were excluded due to prophylactic G-CSF. Over the first 6 cycles of bendamustine (median 338.4 mg/m2) ± rituximab for NHL patients (n = 307), 7.2% experienced FN, 4.2% grade 3 neutropenia, and 17.6% grade 4 neutropenia. Over the first 6 cycles of TCH for BC patients (n = 462), 24.2% experienced FN, 10.6% grade 3 neutropenia, and 44.6% grade 4 neutropenia. Over the first 6 cycles of TC for BC patients (n = 859), 20.5% experienced FN, 9.5% grade 3 neutropenia, and 37.5% grade 4 neutropenia. Over the first 4 cycles of lenalidomide/dexamethasone for MM patients (n = 186), 3.8% experienced FN, 5.9% grade 3 neutropenia, and 18.3% grade 4 neutropenia (Table 1). Conclusions Using NCCN criteria, bendamustine ± rituximab for NHL and lenalidomide/dexamethasone for MM would be classified as low-FN-risk regimens (<10%). By contrast, BC regimens TCH and TC would be classified as high-FN-risk regimens (>20%) based on our data. These results could help inform prophylactic G-CSF use for the selected regimens in clinical practice. Table 1. Number and Incidence Proportion of Neutropenic Outcomes Overall and by Cycle Cancer: Regimen Cycle Patients n FN Events n (%) Grade 3 Neutropenia Events n (%) Grade 4 Neutropenia Events n (%) NHL: Bendamustine ± rituximab Overall 307 22 (7.2) 13 (4.2) 54 (17.6) 1 307 12 (3.9) 5 (1.6) 28 (9.1) 2 225 3 (1.3) 4 (1.8) 21 (9.3) 3 173 2 (1.2) 4 (2.3) 15 (8.7) 4 130 2 (1.5) 4 (3.1) 10 (7.7) 5 92 4 (4.4) 4 (4.4) 8 (8.7) 6 69 2 (2.9) 2 (2.9) 0 (0) BC: TCH Overall 462 112 (24.2) 49 (10.6) 206 (44.6) 1 462 70 (15.2) 39 (8.4) 138 (29.9) 2 326 13 (4.0) 15 (4.6) 42 (12.9) 3 282 17 (6.0) 9 (3.2) 39 (13.8) 4 247 6 (2.4) 8 (3.2) 31 (12.6) 5 199 4 (2.0) 6 (3.0) 25 (12.6) 6 169 8 (4.7) 3 (1.8) 12 (7.1) BC: TC Overall 859 176 (20.5) 82 (9.5) 322 (37.5) 1 859 126 (14.7) 51 (5.9) 266 (30.9) 2 649 21 (3.2) 42 (6.5) 82 (12.6) 3 571 19 (3.3) 23 (4.0) 62 (10.9) 4 511 14 (2.7) 22 (4.3) 45 (8.8) 5 94 1 (1.1) 3 (3.2) 9 (9.6) 6 84 2 (2.4) 1 (1.2) 2 (2.4) MM: Lenalidomide / dexamethasone Overall 186 7 (3.8) 11 (5.9) 34 (18.3) 1 186 2 (1.1) 8 (4.3) 17 (9.1) 2 101 3 (3.0) 5 (5.0) 14 (13.9) 3 63 2 (3.2) 2 (3.2) 8 (12.7) 4 37 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (10.8) Disclosures Family: Amgen Inc.: Research Funding. Klippel:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Li:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Page:Amgen Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência da densidade de estocagem no crescimento, conversão alimentar e sobrevivência de juvenis de robalo-flecha (Centropomus undecimalis). Os peixes foram coletados em ambiente natural e treinados a aceitar dietas artificiais. Os indivíduos, com comprimento total de 13±0,4 cm e peso de 23±0,3 g foram estocados em tanques circulares de fibra de vidro de 5 m³, com água do mar e aeração contínua, nas densidades de 3, 6 e 9 peixes/m³, por 180 dias. Os valores de amônia total (0 a 0,5 mg/L), temperatura da água (23,3 a 30,6ºC), salinidade (17 a 34 g/L), pH (7,8 a 8,4) e oxigênio dissolvido (4,8 a 6,9 mg/L) apresentaram padrão similar entre os tratamentos. A conversão alimentar (1,88, 2,06 e 2,31) e a sobrevivência (100%, 98,9% e 96,3%) foram significativamente melhores nos tratamentos com 3 e 6 peixes/m³. As médias finais de peso (110, 87 e 80 g) e comprimento total (20, 18,5 e 18 cm) apresentaram diferença significativa. A maior taxa de crescimento foi observada com 3 peixes/m³; entre as demais não houve diferença. Entretanto, a biomassa final (332, 511 e 703 g/m³) foi diretamente proporcional à densidade. A baixa densidade favorece o cultivo do robalo em relação ao crescimento, sobrevivência e conversão alimentar.

Tracheal blood flow and 99mTc-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) clearance were measured in the sheep trachea in vivo. The tracheal arteries were isolated and perfused. An isolated segment of tracheal lumen was filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 99mTc-DTPA, and radioactivity was measured in blood from a catheterized tracheal vein. Infusions at constant pressure of methacholine (n = 5), albuterol (n = 6), and histamine (n = 5) increased arterial inflow [+250 +/- 73.0, +74.2 +/- 22.9, +68.9 +/- 39.2% (SE), respectively] and venous outflow (+49.5 +/- 13.8, +11.6 +/- 4.5, +6.2 +/- 13.9%) but decreased 99mTc-DTPA output (-36.8 +/- 8.4, -20.4 +/- 6.2, -58.1 +/- 11.7%) and concentration (-53.9 +/- 10.1, -27.3 +/- 7.5, -49.3 +/- 14.4%). Phenylephrine (n = 9) decreased arterial inflow (-49.4 +/- 10.0%) and venous outflow (-4.1 +/- 5.9%) but increased 99mTc-DTPA output (+74.6 +/- 44.2%) and concentration (+94.4 +/- 56.6%). When the tracheal arteries were initially perfused at constant flow and the flow rate was then changed, 50% increases in flow (n = 5) increased perfusion pressure (+35.9 +/- 2.2%) and venous outflow (+10.5 +/- 3.8%) but decreased 99mTc-DTPA output (-24.4 +/- 7.8%) and concentration (-30.4 +/- 8.8%). Decreases in flow of 50% (n = 3) and 100% (n = 10) decreased perfusion pressure (-34.2 +/- 4.2, -80.1 +/- 3.5%, respectively) and venous outflow (-11.0 +/- 4.8, -29.7 +/- 7.2%) but increased 99mTc-DTPA output (+45.9 +/- 27.5, +167.4 +/- 70.4%) and concentration (+64.7 +/- 26.7, +305.7 +/- 110.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Four vaginal cotton swab specimens were obtained from each of 804 women visiting the outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic of the Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, for validation of various forms of Trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic procedures. One swab specimen was immediately examined by wet mount microscopy, a second swab was placed in Kupferberg's Trichosel medium for cultivation, and two swabs were placed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2. The resulting PBS suspension was used for direct staining with acridine orange and fluorescence microscopy, inoculation of modified Diamond's culture medium, and a PCR specific for T. vaginalis. A total of 70 samples positive in one or more of the tests were identified: 31 (3.8%) infections were detected by wet mount microscopy, and 36 (4.4%) were identified by acridine orange staining, as opposed to 40 (4.9%) and 46 (5.7%) positives in modified Diamond's and Trichosel media, respectively. PCR was positive for 61 (7.5%) samples. Secondly, from each of 200 women were obtained a urine sample and a vaginal cotton swab specimen, and 200 urine samples were obtained from men. For the women, 15 (7.4%) of the samples showed a positive result for either the wet mount (n = 1), Trichosel culture (n = 6), PCR on the vaginal swab sample (n = 10), or PCR on the urine specimen (n = 11). Four men (2%) were diagnosed with aT. vaginalis infection. Thus, PCR appears to be the method of choice for the detection of genital infections with T. vaginalis.

The study was done to quantify the effect of uncovered field storage of solid poultry manure in south coastal British Columbia on a site where solid Turkey manure was stored uncovered each fall and winter for approximately 6 yr. The soil was sampled to 370 cm depth in a transect with six sampling locations: two in the manure storage area, and two on either side of the manure storage area. The soil was analyzed for the concentrations of total organic C, total Kjeldahl N, ammonium, nitrate, K, P, Mg, and Na in addition to soil pH and electrical conductivity. The mass of nutrients to 370 cm depth was 39 700 and 330 kg NH4+–N ha−1, 500 and 480 kg NO3−–N ha−1, 36 400 and 1440 kg K ha−1, 12 100 and 2190 kg P ha−1, 3150 and 1140 kg Mg ha−1 and 9850 and 975 kg Na ha−1 for the manure storage and non-storage sampling locations, respectively. The depth weighted average soil pH was 8.4 and 4.7 and average soil electrical conductivity was 3.3 and 0.3 dS m−1 for the manure storage and non-storage sampling locations, respectively. The lack of an increase in soil nitrate concentration in the manure storage area was attributed to concentrations of free ammonia in soil solution toxic to nitrifying bacteria. The results highlight the high potential for nutrient loss from uncovered fall and winter field storage of poultry manure in south coastal British Columbia. Key words: Turkey manure, soluble C, soil ammonium, free ammonia, electrical conductivity

Research subject. Rocks of the Paleozoic Eastern Ural microcontinent and Magnitogorsk island arc occupy a significant part of the Southern Urals and some part of the Middle Urals. The Western Urals are composed of rocks of the ancient Baltic continent and overthrust oceanic rocks. In the Eastern Urals and Trans-Urals rocks of the accretion complexes, oceanic crust, island arcs, the Eastern Ural microcontinent and the Kazakhstan Paleozoic continent are widespread. Rocks are exposed in the Denisov tectonic zone. The Magnitogorsk simatic Island Arc originated in the Ural Ocean, near the Baltic continent, in the early Devonian, developing from the Emsian to the Famennian. A collision between the Magnitogorsk arc and the Baltic continent occurred in the Famennian century. In the pre-Carboniferous age, the Eastern Ural microcontinent was located in the Ural Ocean. In the Tournaisian period, the Eastern Ural microcontinent accreted with the Baltic continent. The Kazakhstan continental massif was located on the other side of the Ural Ocean. The volcanic belt above the subduction zone was active on the edge of the Kazakhstan continent in the Early–Middle Devonian and in the Early Carboniferous. A subduction under the Baltic and Kazakhstan continents consumed most of the crust of the Ural Ocean by the middle of the Bashkir century. As a result, the Baltic continent (together with the Eastern Ural microcontinent) came into contact with the Kazakhstan continent. The formation of folded orogen began in the Moscow century following the collision of sialic terrains.Materials and methods. The research was based on the relevant data obtained by several researchers in 2000–2018 on rock paleomagnetism. Results. The paleolatitudinal positions of the Eastern Ural microcontinent were determined, comprising 5.3 ± 7.4°) in the Middle Ordovician and 8.2 ± 7.2° in the Early–Middle Silurian. The respective paleolatitudinal positions for the Early–Middle Devonian comprised: the Ural margin of the Baltic paleocontinent (7.7 ± 3.7°), the Magnitogorsk island arc (3.2 ± 3.1°) and the Ural margin of the Kazakhstan paleocontinent (20.6 ± 3.8°).Conclusion. According to the analysed paleomagnetic data, in the Early–Middle Devonian, the distance between the latitudes of the margins of the Baltic and Kazakhstan continents was not less than 600 km provided they were in the same hemisphere, and more than 2,300 km provided they were in different hemispheres. The convergence of the terrains was associated with the subduction of the Ural Ocean crust before its closure, which occurred in the Tournaisian century.

The present study aims to identifying the effect of Eurygaster integriceps infection on the quality features of the local wheat varity IBA 99. The result revealed significant decrease in the percentage of protein of infected wheat at (4, 5)% compared to sound wheat values for the sound wheat were (10.9%) whereas those for the infected wheat were(9.0, 8.4 )% also the result revealed significant increased in the percentage of ash in the infected wheat flour. The result showed significant decrease in the percentage of wet and dry gluten in the infected wheat by sun bug at the rate of (2, 3, 4, 5)% compared to sound wheat value (27, 9% and 25, 23, 22, 22, 20%) for wet gluten and (8.2, 7.8, 7, 7.2, 6%) for dry glutin . The value of sedimentation of the infected wheat decreased as of the infection increased it reached 22 ml for sound wheat and (22, 20, 20, 17, 17,)ml for infected wheat at percentage (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% respectively. The result of falling number test have also shown significant decreased as infection rate increased, it reached(330) for sound wheat and ( 322,307, 282, 260, 250)second for infected wheat at percentage (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)% respectively. There were no significant different between the specific volume value of product loaf of infected wheat flour by sunn bug at percentage (1, 2, 3)% but the different were significant in specific volum value of infected wheat flour at rate (4 and 5)% compared to sound wheat. The sensitive evaluation of bread referred to no significant differences of quality and baking properties for loaf of infected wheat flour at (1, 2, 3,%) compared to sound wheat but the loaf of infected wheat flour at 4 and 5 % have low quality and baking properties compared to the loaf of sound wheat.

Abstract Background: Soft-tissue swelling and increased extracellular volume, two features of acromegaly, are related to the antinatriuretic effects of excess GH/IGF-I, but the precise pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. Objective: Our objective was to determine the effect of the GH excess on renal and extrarenal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded-endpoint (PROBE) crossover study (www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00531908) at a tertiary referral medical center and clinical investigation center. Intervention: Sixteen patients (five females, 11 males) with acromegaly were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg amiloride (an ENaC blocker) and 25 mg furosemide (a Na-K-2Cl cotransporter blocker) under a high-sodium diet to suppress endogenous renin and aldosterone. Measurements: Diuretic-induced changes in the urinary Na/K ratio (reflecting coupling between ENaC-mediated Na reabsorption and distal K secretion) and the intranasal amiloride-sensitive potential (reflecting extrarenal ENaC activity) were measured before and 6 months after (range, 1–12 months) treatment of acromegaly. Results: Serum IGF-I concentrations normalized in all the patients after treatment of acromegaly. Baseline plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations remained unchanged after treatment. Active acromegaly, compared with controlled disease, was associated with an enhanced response [median (interquartile range)] to amiloride [urinary Na/K, 13.9 (9.8–19.5) vs. 6.3 (4.3–8.4) mmol/mmol, P = 0.0003], a reduced response to furosemide [urinary Na/K, 5.2 (4.6–7.2) vs. 7.1 (5.4–8.8) mmol/mmol, P =0.0151], and an increased intranasal amiloride-sensitive potential [5.8 (11.9–3.8) vs. 4.2 (6.4–2.1) mV, P = 0.031], respectively. Conclusion: GH/IGF-I excess in humans is associated with enhanced renal and extrarenal ENaC activity that may contribute to soft-tissue swelling and volume expansion in acromegaly.

Object The authors conducted a study to evaluate and compare prospectively the implantation of either an empty carbon fiber composite frame cage (CFCFC) or an iliac crest autograft after anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) for cervical disc herniation with monoradiculopathy. Methods Thirty-six consecutive patients with one-level radiculopathy due to single-level cervical disc herniation were treated by ACD, and implantation of either an empty CFCFC (24 patients) or an iliac crest autograft (12 patients). Radiological and clinical assessments were performed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively; and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Fusion, at the 12-month follow-up examination was demonstrated in 96% of the patients in the cage group and in 100% of those in the autograft group. The mean anterior intervertebral body height was 3.7 mm preoperatively and 3.9 mm at 12 months in the CFCFC, and 4.1 and 3.8 mm, respectively, in the autograft group. In cage-treated patients, neck pain, as measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) (Score 0 = minimum; 10 = maximum) decreased from 6.4 preoperatively to 2.0 at 12 months, and radicular pain, decreased from 8.4 preoperatively to 1.5 at 12 months. In the autograft group, neck pain changed from a mean preoperative VAS score of 7.2 to 2.5 at 12 months, and radicular pain decreased from a preoperative mean of 7.8 to 1.4 at 12 months. Analysis of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey domains and the Oswestry Disability Index scores indicated a significant improvement in both the Physical and Mental Component Summary domains in both groups. Conclusions Implantation of an empty CFCFC or a tricortical iliac crest autograft after ACD are safe and reliable options for the treatment of cervical disc herniation causing one-sided radiculopathy. Both procedures produced equally satisfying clinical and radiological results, leading to a high fusion rate and maintaining intervertebral height. Implantation of an empty CFCFC has the advantages of avoiding any donor site morbidity and requiring a significantly shorter operative time.

CBr4–Ph3P is very straightforward and widely used. Workup and purification can be messy at times because of the by-product, Ph3PO. To a mixture of the alcohol (0.800 g, 3.36 mmol) and carbon tetrabromide (1.337 g, 4.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 at 0 ºC was added a solution of PPh3 (1.319 g, 5.03 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography to afford the bromide (0.941 g, 93% yield). Reference: Hu, T.-S.; Yu, Q.; Wu, Y.-L.; Wu, Y. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 853–861. A two-step sequence consisting of mesylate formation followed by treatment with LiBr can also be used. This procedure involves two steps, but workup and purification are very straightforward. The bromide can be carried out to the next step without further purification in many cases. To a solution of 5-hydroxymethyl-1-methylcyclopentene (3.8 g, 34 mmol) in CH2 Cl2 (50 mL) at 0 ºC was added triethylamine (5.2 mL, 37 mmol) followed by methanesulfonyl chloride (2.9 mL, 37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 ºC for 5 h and then water was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ether. The combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO4 and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g (98%) of (2-methylcyclopent-2- enyl)methyl methanesulfonate, which was used in the next step without further purification. A solution containing the mesylate (6.4 g, 34 mmol) in acetone (70 mL) was treated with lithium bromide (8.89 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 6 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water, extracted with ether, and the combined ethereal extracts were dried over MgSO4. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 4.6 g (78%) of 5-bromomethyl-1-methylcyclopentene, which was used in the next step without further purification.

The interaction of neutrophils and platelets may be important in inflammation. We have studied the effect of the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucy1-phenylalanine (FMLP) on cells in whole rabbit blood or in mixture of purified rabbit platelets and neutrophils. In whole blood, FMLP triggered an aggregation (measured by electrical impedance) dependent upon the concentration of FMLP (9.9± 0.7 and 5.2+1.2 ohms at 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.). This aggregation was accompanied by a strong decrease in platelets counts (54.6± 6.0 and 45.6± 3.8% for 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.) and by a smaller decrease in neutrophils counts (25.0± 1.9 and 12.9± 1.7% at 1 and 0.01 uM FMLP resp.). When platelets were incubated in the presence of neutrophils, the addition of 0.1 uM FMLP induced a marked aggregation (50.0± 1.6 versus 19.5± 1.6% of light transmission,n=8,p< .001), ATP secretion (8.4± 1.0 versus 0.1± 0.1 nmol/ml,n=6,p< .001) and a marked decrease of platelets counts. FMLP induced aggregation of purified neutrophils and release of lysozyme but lacked direct platelet-stimulating effect. The release of lactate dehydrogenase and lysozyme were unchanged under the interaction conditions. Our results indicate that the stimulation of neutrophils by FMLP induces platelet activation both in whole blood and on isolated cells. The platelet activation was reduced by about 30% with lOOuM aspirin or indomethacin and by about 70% with lOOuM BW 755C. The two PAF-acether antagonists, BN 52021 (lOOuM) and WEB 2086 (luM) suppressed platelet activation by 70-80%. Neutrophil supernatant induced platelet activation only when neutrophils were stimulated by FMLP in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA,0.25%). Rabbit neutrophils stimulated in the presence of BSA by 1 uM FMLP formed 2 nM PAF-acether of which only 50% were released to the extra-cellular medium. WEB 2086 (luM) inhibited totally the formation and the release of PAF-acether. These data indicate that both arachidonic acid-metabolites and PAF-acether participate in platelet activation by FMLP-activated neutrophils.

To understand further the pathophysiologic significance of PGI2 binding defects in TTP, we measured serum PGI2 binding activity in 12 TTP patients and matched controls. Serum binding of PGI2 was measured by Sephadex G-25 gel filtration. The mean binding activity in 33 healthy subjects ages 20-40 years was 39.9 ± S.D 4.4%. The mean value of TTP (n=12) was significantly lower (26.2 ± 4.1, P <0.01). Serum from 5 severe ITP, 5 DIC and 5 thrombocythemia exhibited normal binding ctivity. To determine the binding kinetics we utilized 3H-iloprost in a gel filtration method described by Hirose and Kano (Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 751:376, 1971). To 50 mg of Sephadex G-50, 0.435 ml of 50mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) was added. After swelling of the gel was completed 0.195 ml of the buffer solution containing serum and 3H-iloprost was added. The sample was mixed and the protein and ligand concentration was determined. The computer fitting of the binding isotherm according to the originally proposed equation yielded a binding curve consistent with a single class of binding sites. The Kd value of normal serum was 70 μM and the B 48 nmol/ml. Acute TTP serum exhibited a reduced bindingXaffinity (Kd 236 μM) and a slightly elevated capacity (Bmax 85 nmols/ml). The binding parameters improved following successful treatment but the Kd remained subnormal (120 μM). These data indicate that reduced PGI2 binding activity is due to lower affinity of the PGI2 binding proteins. The relationship between defective PGI2 binding activity and PGI2 production was then evaluated. Serial serum and 24 hour urine were collected. Urinary samples were extracted and their 6-Keto-PGF1α (6KP) and thromboxane TXB2 levels were measured by RIA. TTP patients in remission had normal levels of urinary 6KP and TXB2 while urinary 6KP and TXB2 were elevated in relapsing TTP. Defective binding was noted when relapse began to occur while elevated 6KP and TXB2 were noted 48 hrs later. Both 6KP and TXB2 were normalized when the disease was controlled. Our findings indicate that defective PGI2 binding plays an important role in causing excessive platelet activation and platelet-vessel wall interaction in TTP.

This study conducted small-scale trials under various concentration and exposure time (CET) scenarios to determine florpyrauxifen-benzyl activity on dioecious hydrilla and hybrid watermilfoil and determine impact on water stargrass and elodea. Hydrilla treated with 12, 24, or 36 μg active ingredient (a.i.) L⁻¹ florpyrauxifen-benzyl and exposed for 12, 24, or 48 hr under outdoor mesocosm conditions was reduced in biomass by 30-75% at 8 weeks after treatment (WAT). An additional hydrilla trial at the same herbicide concentrations, but under longer exposures (24, 72, or 168 hr), resulted in 33–85% plant control. Under indoor conditions, hybrid watermilfoil dry weight decreased 98–100% with subsurface applications of florpyrauxifen-benzyl under CET scenarios of 3–12 μg a.i. L⁻¹ at 3–24 hr exposure times in a growth chamber trial. Under shorter exposure periods (0.5–4 hr) in a follow-up trial, low doses (3–9 μg a.i. L⁻¹) achieved 50–100% control of hybrid watermilfoil. In the same trial, the nontarget species water stargrass and elodea proved relatively tolerant to the florpyrauxifen-benzyl at doses up to 6 μg a.i. L⁻¹ (4 hr exposure) and 9 μg a.i. L⁻¹ (1 hr exposure). These small-scale trials demonstrate florpyrauxifen-benzyl’s potential to selectively manage invasive species.