Academic literature on the topic '347.122:007 (043.2)'

Abstract The sequence of coagulant reactions in vivo following vascular injury is poorly characterized. Using quantitative immunoassays, the time courses were evaluated for activation of prothrombin, factor (F)V, FXIII, fibrinogen (Fbg) cleavage, and FVa inactivation in bleeding-time blood collected at 30-second intervals from 12 healthy subjects both before and after aspirin ingestion. Prothrombin decreased at a maximum rate of 14.2 ± 0.6 nM per second to 10% of initial values at the end of bleeding. Significant amounts of α-thrombin B chain appeared rapidly at 90 seconds of bleeding and increased at a maximum rate of 0.224 ± 0.03 nM per second to a peak value of 38 nM. Kinetics of prethrombin 2 generation was almost identical. Prothrombinase concentration reached a peak value of 22 pM at 150 seconds and then decreased to 9 pM at the end of bleeding. Prothrombin fragment 1.2 (F1.2) was produced explosively (0.673 ± 0.05 nM per second), whereas thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes were generated at a much slower rate (0.11 ± 0.008 nM per second;P = .002). FVa light chain was detectable 30 seconds later than the heavy chain (150 seconds) and was produced at a slightly slower rate (0.027 ± 0.001 nM per second) when compared with the heavy chain (0.032 ± 0.002 nM per second; P = .041). The 30 000 fragment (residues 307-506) of FVa heavy chain produced by activated protein C appeared as early as at 90 seconds and increased with time. Fbg was removed from the blood shed with a high rate of 0.047 ± 0.02 μM/s and became undetectable at approximately 180 seconds of bleeding. The velocity of FXIII activation correlated with thrombin B-chain formation. A 7-day aspirin administration (75 mg/d) resulted in significant reductions in maximum rates of (1) prothrombin removal (by 29%; P = .008); generation of α-thrombin B-chain (by 27.2%; P = .022), and prethrombin 2 (by 26%; P = .014); formation of F1.2 (by 31.4%;P = .009) and TAT (by 30.3%; P = 0.013); (2) release of FVa heavy chain (by 25%; P = .003) and FVa light chain (by 29.6%; P = .007); (3) Fbg depletion from solution (by 30.5%; P = .002); and (4) FXIII activation (by 28.6%; P = .003). Total amounts of the proteins studied, collected at every interval, also significantly decreased following aspirin ingestion. These results indicate that low-dose aspirin impairs thrombin generation and reactions catalyzed by this enzyme at the site of the injury.

Muscle-shortening velocity and hence power have been shown to increase in the presence of nitric oxide (NO). NO availability increases after consuming nitrate (NO3-). Ingestion of NO3-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) has increased muscle power in untrained adults.Purpose:This study determined whether NO3- supplementation could acutely enhance maximal power in trained athletes.Methods:In this double-blind, crossover study, 13 trained athletes performed maximal inertial-load cycling trials (3–4 s) immediately before (PRE) and after (POST) consuming either NO3-rich (NO3) or NO3-depleted (PLA) BRJ to assess acute changes (ie, within the same day) in maximal power (PMAX) and optimal pedaling rate (RPMopt). Participants also performed maximal isokinetic cycling (30 s) to assess performance differences after supplementation.Results:2 x 2 repeated-measures ANOVA indicated a greater increase in PMAX from PRE to POST NO3 (PRE 1160 ± 301 W to POST 1229 ± 317 W) than with PLA (PRE 1191 ± 298 W to POST 1213 ± 300 W) (P = .009; ηp2 = 0.45). A paired t-test verified a greater relative change in PMAX after NO3 (6.0% ± 2.6%) than with PLA (2.0% ± 3.8%) (P = .014; d = 1.21). RPMopt remained unchanged from PRE (123 ± 14 rpm) to POST PLA (122 ± 14 rpm) but increased from PRE (120 ± 14 rpm) to POST NO3 (127 ± 13 rpm) (P = .043; ηp2 = 0.30). There was no relative change in RPMopt after PLA (–0.3% ± 4.1%), but there was an increase after NO3 (6.5% ± 11.4%) (P = .049; d = 0.79). No differences were observed between the 30-s isokinetic trials.Conclusions:Acute NO3- supplementation can enhance maximal muscle power in trained athletes. These findings may particularly benefit power-sport athletes who perform brief explosive actions.

Abstract Abstract 1369 Introduction: Single-agent cladribine (2CdA) given intravenously or subcutaneously (sc) is highly effective in Hairy cell leukemia (HCL). However, HCL patients are projected to progress in their life-span or, in a minority, are refractory and may benefit from other treatment strategies. Parameters predicting efficacy of (sc)2CdA in HCL are scarcely known. Aims: In a national multicentre clinical trial (EudraCT code: ICGHCL2004) we prospectively sought parameters able to predict efficacy of sc2CdA in classic HCL requiring first treatment (1987 Consensus Criteria). Methods: Clinical data and samples were collected centrally for diagnostic revision according to the WHO criteria and for molecular analyses prior to treatment. Tumor IGH and TP53 analyses or Genome-wide DNA profiling was performed in the cases with >10% or >50% hairy cells (HC) in the test sample, respectively (Forconi, Blood 2009). Patients entering the study received 0.5–0.7 mg/kg sc2CdA as a single course. Efficacy endpoints were response to sc2CdA, treatment free interval (TFI), relapse free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Responses were assessed on month 2 and 6 after treatment and defined according to the 1987 Consensus criteria. Complete Remissions (CR) and Partial Remissions (PR) were rated as beneficial responses (CR/PR), while minor Responses (mR) and No Responses (NR) were rated as failures (mR/NR). TFI was measured in all patients from sc2CdA initiation to time of new treatment requirement. RFS was measured in patients with CR/PR from sc2CdA initiation to relapse. OS was measured from sc2CdA initiation to death. Results: Of 148 patients, 116 were males (78,4%). Median values were: age 52 years (range 30–83), splenomegaly below costal margin 2 cm (0-16), hemoglobin 11,8 (5-17 g/dL), PLT 77×10e9/L (14-255), WBC 2,7×10e9/L (0,7-48), HC 0,2×10e9/L (0-38). Serum B2microglobulin was twice above upper limit (B2M>2X) in 9/122 patients (7,4%), IGH unmutated (UM) in 7/62 (11,3%) and TP53 mutated (mutTP53) in 2/62 (3,2%). Onehundred-forty patients (94,6%) had a CR/PR (101 CR, 68,2%; 39 PR, 26,4%) and 8 (5,4%) a mR/NR (5 mR, 3,4%; 3 NR, 2%). Risk factors of sc2CdA failure were splenomegaly (p=.001, best-cutoff> 3 cm bcm by ROC and Youden's Test), WBC (p<.001, best cut-off >10×10e9/L), HC counts (p<.001, best cut-off >5×10e9/L), and B2M>2X (p=.013). In 62 patients investigated for molecular features, UM-IGH and TP53 were confirmed as risk factors for mR/NR (p<.001 and p=.011). Conversely, age, performance status, 2CdA schedule, lymphadenopathy, neutrophil, haemoglobin and platelet counts, prior transfusions, time from diagnosis to treatment, Jansen score, LDH, marrow infiltration and hairy cell index failed to predict response. After a median follow-up of 37,5 months (range 12–67), 5 year TFI, RFS and OS were 67%, 71% and 94%, respectively. Causes of death were one infection in progressive refractory disease, 2 cardiac events and 3 second tumors. By Kaplan-Maier estimates, risk factors of shorter TFI at diagnosis were splenomegaly (p=.007), WBC>10×10e9/L (p<.001) or HC>5×10e9/L (p<.001), UM-IGH (p<.001), and TP53 disfunction (p=.002). By Cox multivariate analysis (covariates: HC>5×10e9/L, spleen>3cm, UM-IGH and mutTP53), UM-IGH (HR=8.1, 95%CI 1.7–38.1, p=.008, median TFI=8.5 months), high HC (HR=6.9, 95%CI 1.5–31.6, p=.012, TFI=27,4 months) and splenomegaly (HR=3.7, 95%CI 1.1–12.8, p=.039, TFI=49,3 months) scored as independent risk factors. Quality of response also predicted risk of short TFI (NR=mR>PR>CR, p<.001). In the patients with beneficial response, univariate analysis of clinical parameters identified WBC>5×10e9 (p=.016) and PR (p=.001)as risk factors of short RFS. Cox multivariate analysis revealed PR as the sole independent risk factor of relapse after a median of 46 months (HR=4.5, 95%CI 1,7-12,3, p=.003). 2CdA dose schedule was among other factors that did not associate with TFI or RFS. Conclusion: This data confirm that sc2CdA has potent activity in HCL. Tumor UM-IGH status, splenomegaly, high HC count (or leukocytosis) are confirmed as independent risk factors of treatment failure and rapid progression. RFS analysis identify PR as the sole independent factor of relapse risk in the patients initially responsive to sc2CdA. This analysis may have important implications for the selection of HCL patients that will require treatments alternative to single-agent 2CdA. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Abstract 3791 Molecular mutations of genes important in MDS pathogenesis have been identified using next generation sequencing technologies. These mutations have variable effects on prognosis: results from individual studies are conflicting, and the impact of combining mutations based on pathogenetic pathways has not been explored. Furthermore, most studies do not take into account the types of therapies received by patients (pts). We hypothesized that analyses of mutations incorporating pathways would yield more meaningful results, especially if studied in the context of therapies. We studied 340 pts with MDS (N=176), MDS/MPN (N=88) and sAML (N=76). Median age was 69 years (range, 19–92), 118 (35%) were female. Direct sequencing of 14 genes important in MDS pathogenesis originally identified using whole exome sequencing and involved in methylation (TET2/IDH1/2/DNMT3A), histone modification (ASXL1/EZH2/UTX), signaling (CBL/KRAS, NRAS, JAK2), transcription (RUNX1/TP53) and RNA splicing (SRSF2/U2AF1) was performed. Pts were classified by 2008 WHO criteria. Prognosis was assigned by IPSS (low=67, Int-1=85, Int-2=56, high=64). Karyotypes by metaphase cytogenetics (MC) and SNP-A were stratified by IPSS cytogenetic risk group (Low=82, intermediate=87, poor=106). Treatment received included high intensity (cytarabine+ anthracycline, high dose ARA-C,) (N=75), low intensity (N=124) (hypomethylating therapy, IMiDs, low dose ARA-C), and supportive therapy (N=141) (growth factors, hydroxyurea). Categorical variables were analyzed using X2 or Fischer-exact test. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were defined using IWG criteria and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank statistics. P-values0.05 were considered statistically significant. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by Cox Proportional Hazards, covariates included were age, BM blasts, cytopenias, karyotype, jointly with molecular pathway data. A total of 258 mutations were detected in 158 pts. Mutations involving genes key to methylation (41 vs 37%, p=.01), and histone modification (52 vs 25%, p=.008) were more common in MDS/MPN compared to MDS pts. Mutations in methylation (37 vs 23%, p=.05), transcription (38 vs 14%, p=.01) and splicing (38 vs 17%, p=.007) were more common in MDS compared to sAML pts, and mutations of genes involved in methylation (41 vs 23%, p=.02), signaling (60 vs 7%, p=.005), histone modification (52 vs 23%, p=.004), transcription (49 vs 13%, p=.001) and splicing (45 vs 17%, p=.0005) were more frequent in MDS/MPN compared to sAML pts. Worse outcomes were noted in pts with mutations in histone modification (OS: 17 vs 21 mos, p=.04), transcription (PFS: 7 vs 13 mos, p=.02) and splicing (OS: 11 vs 23 mos, p=.01) genes. This was evident in pts with MDS who had transcription factor-related gene mutations (OS: 9 vs 30 mos, p=<.0001), splicing (PFS: 8 vs 21 mos, p=.008) and in MDS/MPN and MDS pts with histone pathway (27 vs 31 mos, p=.04) and splicing mutations (7 vs 21 mos, p=.0001). Of note, this was clearly mentioned in WHO lower-risk MDS pts with histone pathway (OS: 30 vs 39 mos, p=.01; PFS: 21 vs 32 mos, p=.05) and splicing mutations (PFS: 15 vs 28 mos, p=.003). Pts with good-risk karyotype defects had poor survival if they had histone mutations (OS: 17 vs 35 mos, p=.005; PFS: 11 vs 20 mos, p=.002) while those with intermediate-risk karyotype had worse outcomes if they had splicing mutations (OS: 10 vs 35 mos, p=.001; PFS: 7 vs 35 mos, p=.0001). The survival effects were retained even after accounting for presence of new SNP-A lesions. By IPSS, lower-risk pts had worse outcomes if they had mutations in methylation (OS: 36 vs 18 mos, p=.02), histone modification (28 vs 37 mos, p=0.02) or splicing (OS: 7 vs 17 mos, p=.04; PFS: 14 vs 28 mos, p=.04). Therapeutically, LIC treated pts had better OS if they had methylation mutations (23 vs 8 mos, p=.0009) but worse outcomes if they had transcription factor (7 vs 11 mos, p=.02) or splicing (8 vs 13 mos, p=.05) mutations. Mutations in transcription factors (OS: HR=2.9 CI: 1.58–5.13, p=.0007; PFS: HR=3.3 CI: 1.87–5.63, p=<.0001) and splicing (OS: HR=2.1, CI=1.22–3.76, p=.008; PFS: HR=2.1, CI=1.27–3.71, p=.005) remained independent predictors of poor outcomes in MDS by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the presence of molecular pathway mutations can modify morphologic, cytogenetic and prognostic scoring schemes in MDS, MPN, AML and other hematological cancers. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

<p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Экономическая наука, как и любая другая область познания окружающего мира, развивается от постижения отдельных фактов и явлений к формированию более общей и связной картины изучаемой действительности, а затем если и рассматривает частности, то уже на новом уровне осмысления. Это касается как науки в целом, так и отдельных ее предметов и областей, что прекрасно иллюстрирует этот номер журнала.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Российская экономическая мысль на своем непростом пути познания все дальше отходит от эйфории по поводу рынка, рыночных сил и присущих им процедур координации экономических агентов и возвращается к пересмотру роли и места государства в экономических процессах. Именно с этим связано обсуждение на страницах настоящего номера таких проблем, как структурная политика и ее направленность, подходы и инструменты реализации промышленной политики, скрытые искажения экономической структуры и их последствия. Злободневность данных вопросов лишь усиливает значение отмеченного выше общенаучного подхода продвижения от частного к общему и затем движения в обратном направлении.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Не менее важно, кто и как осуществляет этот, циклический по своей сути, процесс познания и воплощения выявленного и задуманного в жизнь. По крайней мере, в том, что касается экономики, силы и возможности отдельного, пусть даже гениального, исследователя более чем скромны и ограничены, как и возможности отдельных групп подвижников. Причиной тому – колоссальность и изменчивость самого объекта исследования – экономической действительности.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">В какой-то мере решить эту непростую проблему помогают два обстоятельства:</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">• системный подход к изучению, обобщению и формированию предложений по развитию экономики (от отдельного домохозяйства, фирмы до региона, страны и далее);</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">• формирование и развитие научно-исследовательских организаций и учреждений, которые в тесном взаимодействии осуществляют обмен накопленными знаниями, подходами и умениями.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Каждое из данных обстоятельств более чем необходимо. Лишний повод подчеркнуть значимость второго из них нам дает отмечаемое в</span> <span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">январе 2019 г. 100-летие одного из знаменательнейших событий в истории изучения Сибири (в более широких границах – Азиатской России) – съезда по организации Института исследования Сибири</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-008-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-008">1</a></span>,<span id="footnote-007-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-007">2</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">. В «Кратком отчете исполнительного бюро по учреждению Института исследования Сибири» было отмечено, что «… Для успеха дела надо в корне изменить характер работ, надо, чтобы Сибирь изучалась не учреждениями, находящимися вне ея, надо, чтобы сама Сибирь взяла в свои руки один из существенных вопросов ея будущаго существования, вопрос о всестороннем и планомерном ея изучении. Только такое исследование даст прочный фундамент для многих дальнейших государственных мероприятий Сибири»</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-006-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-006">3</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">. Председатель съезда профессор Б.П. Вейнберг подчеркивал, что «Институт исследования Сибири рисуется проектом Бюро не в виде безответственного объединения представителей различных учреждений, сходящихся на почве необязательных соглашений, не в виде сростка насильственно вырванных с мясом и кровью из различных ведомств частей их, которыя вели до тех пор дело исследования Сибири, и не в виде величественной, но не лишенной опасности застыть в отвлеченной от практики формы Сибирской Академии Наук, а в виде гибкаго, но тесного объединения ведомственности и общественности, практической жизни и науки, причем последняя должна быть не в названии Института, а в применяемых им методах исследования»</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-005-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-005">4</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Подход к организации работы института отличали такие важнейшие особенности, как междисциплинарность (в течение пяти дней 18-22 января 1919 г. (!!!) в г. Томске «был сделан всего 71 доклад 56 авторов»</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-004-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-004">5</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">) и стремление к поиску приемлемых форм интеграции усилий «науки», «бизнеса» и «власти».</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Ряд выводов и обобщений, представленных в те дни, поражают своей проницательностью. Так, в докладе инженера Н.А. Сборовского (при обсуждении направлений деятельности «Института практической экономической политики (в Томске))» было отмечено, что «…длительная невозможность для нашей промышленности успешного конкурирования с иноземною… может привести к устарелости фабрично-заводских установок, и паралич нашей европейско-российской обрабатывающей промышленности перейдет в смерть ея… Капиталы, с большим уроном освободившиеся из нея, перейдут в область добывающей промышленности</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-003-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-003">6</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">».</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Идеи и подходы, сформулированные на съезде, опередили свое время – многие из них были реализованы позднее, другие (такие как междисциплинарность и системность) остаются актуальными и поныне.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Несмотря на быструю ликвидацию Института исследования Сибири, уже очень скоро, во второй половине 1920-х годов, были созданы научно-исследовательские институты и организации, занимающиеся той же проблематикой. Так, например, в Новосибирске появился «НИИ экономики при ЗапСибкрайплане»</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-002-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-002">7</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">. Следующим логически необходимым шагом стало формирование, говоря современным языком, «сетевой структуры»</span> <span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">– институтов, обеспечивающих и переток знаний, и формирование целенаправленного понимания осуществляемых процессов – общесибирских научных съездов и конференций. Так, уже в 1927 г. в Новосибирске состоялся Первый Сибирский краевой научно-исследовательский съезд</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-001-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-001">8</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">. В дальнейшем с определенной регулярностью стали проводиться конференции по развитию производительных сил как Сибири в целом (последняя подобная конференция под эгидой СО АН СССР состоялась в 1985 г.), так и отдельных краев и областей макрорегиона</span><span class="CharOverride-3" lang="ar-SA"><span id="footnote-000-backlink"><a class="_idFootnoteLink _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-000">9</a></span></span><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">На протяжении длительного времени усилиями многих выдающихся исследователей, промышленников, деловых людей (от горнозаводчиков, инженеров и директоров советских предприятий, до предпринимателей</span> <span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">– наших современников) складывалась и совершенствовалась система выявления актуальных проблем и поиска эффективных путей их решения, а также продвижения их в «общественное сознание».</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Статьи настоящего номера, к сожалению, говорят о том, что многие из ранее апробированных и хорошо зарекомендовавших себя подходов и практик, в лучшем случае, «переоткрываются» заново. Связь и преемственность поколений или утрачена, или значительно ослаблена.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Именно поэтому, например, в Ростовской области использование инновационного потенциала региона сдерживается наличием «проблемных зон», таких как «низкая инновационная активность региональных предприятий… а также имитация заимствованных инноваций» (статья О.С.</span> <span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Белокрыловой). Непоследовательность научно-технической и отсутствие целенаправленной промышленной политики ведут к тому, что изменения и направления развития институциональной среды «…слишком часто носят имитационный характер, в них не генерируются мотивационные механизмы, созидающие новые экономические отношения, связи, порядки» (статья М.А.</span> <span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Гасанова, С.А. Жиронкина, В.В. Гузырь, А.В. Жаворонок).</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Преодоление возникающих проблем требует не только интеграции усилий и институционализации процесса выявления проблем (таких, например, как набирающий силу «процесс развития структурных деформаций в динамично развивающейся инновационной экономике» (статья Л.А. Щербаковой)), но и формирования адекватных рамок и форм убеждения и продвижения эффективных решений на практике. По сути, таких, которые пытались предвидеть и развивать участники съезда по организации Института исследования Сибири.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">Наши уважаемые старшие коллеги и учителя «сказали свое слово» ١٠٠ лет назад, теперь очередь за нами. Чем мы ответим? Думается, что разработка и продвижение реалистичной современной промышленной политики, учитывающей исторические и пространственные особенности нашей страны, являются существенным, но далеко не достаточным шагом в данном направлении.</span></p><p class="_7Osnovnoi-text" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-2" lang="ar-SA">____________________________________________________________________</span></p><div id="footnote-008" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-008-backlink">1</a></span><span class="CharOverride-4"> </span><span class="CharOverride-5">Труды съезда по организации Института исследования Сибири (изданы под наблюдением председателя съезда проф. Б.П. Вейнберга). Томск: Типографии: Томск губернская, Сибирской железной дороги, Т-ва печатного дела и Дома трудолюбия. 1919. I часть - 121 с., II часть - 129 с., III часть - 123 с., IV часть - 42 с., V часть - 32 с.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-007" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-007-backlink">2</a></span><span class="CharOverride-4"> </span><span class="CharOverride-5">«Институт исследования Сибири возник по инициативе томских ученых во главе с проф. Б.П. Вейнбергом, В.В. Сапожниковым, А.П. Поспеловым, М.А. Усовым и др. в январе 1919… Институт… ставил своей целью научно-практическое исследование природы, жизни и населения Сибири в целях наиболее рационального использования естественных богатств края и его культурно-экономического развития… С приходом советской власти деятельность Института замерла. Постановлением Сибревкома летом 1920 года Институт был закрыт». (Статья «Институт исследования Сибири»//Сибирская Советская Энциклопедия, том II. Новосибирск: ОГИЗ. 1931. С. 280-281).</span></p><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-5">«Для Института исследования Сибири характерна попытка сочетания государственных и общественных форм управления наукой… из-за отсутствия необходимых финансовых средств деятельность Института… была свернута». (Статья «Институт исследования Сибири» // Историческая энциклопедия Сибири, том I. Новосибирск: Институт Истории СО РАН, Издательский Дом «Историческое наследие Сибири». 2009. С. 628).</span></p></div><div id="footnote-006" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-006-backlink">3</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">Труды съезда.., Ч. I. С. 17.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-005" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-005-backlink">4</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">Труды съезда.., Ч. I. С. 39.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-004" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-004-backlink">5</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">Труды съезда.., Ч. V. С. 28.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-003" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-003-backlink">6</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">Труды съезда.., Ч. III. С. 112.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-002" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-002-backlink">7</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">См., например, «Проблемы освоения Севера Западной Сибири» / Под общ. ред. С.Я. Эдельман. Новосибирск: Зап.-Сиб. краевое издательство. 1935. 260 с.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-001" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-001-backlink">8</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">Первый Сибирский краевой научно-исследовательский съезд. Том I. Протоколы и резолюции. Новосибирск: Общество изучения Сибири и ее производительных сил. 1927. 272 с.</span></p></div><div id="footnote-000" class="_idFootnote"><p class="Primechanie-verkhnee-N" lang="ru-RU"><span class="CharOverride-4"><a class="_idFootnoteAnchor _idGenColorInherit" href="file:///Y:/2019_02/HTML/Column_2.html#footnote-000-backlink">9</a></span> <span class="CharOverride-5">См., например, «Конференция по развитию производительных сил Иркутской области. Тезисы докладов». Москва-Ленинград: Издательство АН СССР. 1947. 344 с.</span></p></div>

Increased coronary thrombus burden is known to be a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) can be used as a surrogate marker of pro-inflammation which is closely related to prothrombotic state. We aimed to evaluate the association between CAR and coronary thrombus burden in patients who presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients who presented with ACS and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups as high thrombus burden and low thrombus burden. The study population included 347 patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (169 [48.7%]) and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (178 [51.3%]). The CAR was significantly higher in patients with higher thrombus burden (24.4 [1.2-30.2] vs 31.9 [2.2-31.3], P < .001). Independent predictors for increased thrombus burden were higher CRP level (odds ratio [OR]: 0.047; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004-0.486; P = .010), lower serum albumin level (OR: 0.057; 95% CI: 0.033-0.990; P = .049), higher CAR (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03-1.23; P = .008), higher neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.05-1.31; P = .004), and baseline troponin I level (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01-1.13; P = .017). Novel CAR can be used as a reliable marker for increased coronary thrombus burden that is associated with adverse CV outcomes.

8054 Background: Melanoma has a high rate of CNS metastasis (mets). The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of melanoma patients (pts) who develop CNS mets. Methods: 333 pts with a diagnosis of CNS mets were identified from databases of 743 chemotherapy naïve metastatic melanoma (MM) pts enrolled on clinical trials between 1986 and 2004. Their clinical and pathological characteristics were reviewed. Results: The site of primary melanoma was head or neck (60/333; 18%), trunk/abdomen (144/333; 43%), limbs (66/333; 20%), ocular (2/333; 1%), or unknown (61/333; 18%). Median Breslow thickness (BT) = 2.2 mm; BT < 1 mm = 39/217 (18%); and BT < 2 mm = 95/217 (44%). Median Clark level (CL)= IV; CL I = 0/180 (0%); CL II = 14/180 (8%); CL III = 70/180 (39%); and CL IV = 96/180 (53%) . The median interval from diagnosis of primary melanoma to CNS mets = 29.6 (range 0.3–393) months (mos). Median survival (MS) from CNS diagnosis = 4.6 (range 0–120) mos. MS was highest for pts with brain mets (n=307; 4.8 mos) compared to pts with brain mets plus leptomeningeal disease (LMD) (14; 2.0 mos) or pts with LMD alone (11; 1.2 mos) (p=.0048 for pts with LMD vs. without). MS varied for pts with 1 (6.6 mos), 2 (4.2 mos), 3 (5.9 mos) or >3 (3.5 mos) brain lesions at diagnosis of CNS mets. Among pts diagnosed with CNS mets at or prior to systemic therapy, MS was longer for pts with CNS mets only (n=20; 14.3 mos) compared to pts with CNS mets concurrent with extracranial mets (63; 7 mos) (p=.003). Patients who developed CNS mets after starting chemotherapy for extracranial mets (n=250; 3.7 mos) had a shorter MS than those diagnosed at or before systemic therapy (83; 7.9 mos, p<.001). Among pts diagnosed after starting systemic therapy, CNS mets were detected ≤ 12 months from the start of chemotherapy in 30% of pts (MS = 3 mos), 12–24 mos in 37% of pts (MS = 4.6 mos), and > 36 mos in 32% of pts (MS = 11.1 mos, p=.044 vs. other groups). Conclusions: This study represents one of the largest cohorts of pts with melanoma CNS mets. The presence of LMD, or development of CNS mets after starting systemic therapy, is associated with a worse prognosis. Among pts diagnosed with CNS mets at or before starting systemic therapy, the presence of concurrent non-CNS mets also portends for a worse outcome. Supported in part by Carol Courtney Memorial fund and Chiron Corporation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Purpose We examined the efficacy and safety of thalidomide (THD) for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting in patients who received highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). Patients and Methods In a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase III trial, chemotherapy-naive patients with cancer who were scheduled to receive HEC that contained cisplatin or cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin/epirubincin ≥ 50 mg/m2 regimens were randomly assigned to a THD group (100 mg twice daily on days 1 to 5) or placebo group, both with palonosetron (0.25 mg on day 1) and dexamethasone (12 mg on day 1; 8 mg on days 2 to 4). Primary end point was complete response to vomiting—no emesis or use of rescue medication—in the delayed phase (25 to 120 h). Nausea and anorexia on days 1 to 5 were evaluated by the 4-point Likert scale (0, no symptoms; 3, severe). Quality of life was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 version 3 questionnaire on days −1 and 6. Results Of 656 patients, 638 were evaluable: 317 in the THD group and 321 in the control group. Compared with placebo, delayed and overall (0 to 120 h) complete response rates to vomiting were significantly higher with THD: 76.9% versus 61.7% ( P < .001) and 66.1% versus 53.3% ( P = .001), respectively. Rates of no nausea were also higher in the THD group (delayed: 47.3% v 33.3%; P < .001; overall: 41% v 29.6%; P = .003), and mean scores of anorexia were lower overall (0.44 ± 0.717 v 0.64 ± 0.844; P = .003). Adverse effects were mild to moderate. The THD group had increased sedation, dizziness, constipation, and dry mouth, but experienced better quality of life after chemotherapy. Conclusion Thalidomide combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved HEC-induced delayed nausea and vomiting prevention in chemotherapy-naive patients.

In this paper we have evaluated inherent properties (i.e., heat of formation and cohesive energy) for chalcopyrite structured solids. We have presented two expressions relating the heat of formation and cohesive energy for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] semiconductors with the product of ionic charge (ZAZBZC) and nearest neighbor distance (d in Å). The heat of formation and cohesive energy of these solids exhibit a linear relationship when plotted on a log–log scale against the nearest neighbor distance, but fall on different straight lines according to the product of ionic charge of the compounds. We have applied the modified relations on these solids and found a better agreement with experimental data as compared to the values evaluated by previous researchers so far. The results for heat of formation differ from experimental values by the following amounts: ZnSiP 2 — 4.8%, ZnSnP 2 — 0.4%, ZnSiAs 2 — 0.7%, ZnGeAs 2 — 2.6%, ZnSnAs 2 — 1.2%, CdGeP 2 — 3.8%, CuGaSe 2 — 0.3% and AgInSe 2 — 5% and the results for cohesive energy differ from experimental values by the following amounts: ZnSiP 2 — 0.3%, ZnSnAs 2 — 1.5%, CuGaSe 2 — 3.7%, CuGaTe 2 — 2%, CuInTe 2 — 2.7%, AgGaTe 2 — 0.7%, AgInSe 2 — 3%, AgInTe 2 — 3%.

Small ruminants are an important livestock species on many island nations of the Eastern Caribbean region and serve as a vital source of food and income. This study was designed to characterise follicular development during the inter-ovulatory interval (interval between 2 consecutive ovulations) under tropical conditions. Non-lactating, 2- to 4-year-old crossbred Barbados-Black Belly × White Virgin Island ewes weighing a mean 30.4 kg with mean body condition score 2.9 (score 1–5) were used during September–November for the study. Ewes were maintained in a paddock of 100 m2 at the research farm in St. Kitts and Nevis (17.3°N, 62.7°W). Animals were fed daily with 100 g of concentrate (17% crude protein) and had free access to elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), mineral salt, water, and shade. Ovaries of 19 females were examined daily for 46 days by transrectal B-mode ultrasonography using a 7.5-MHz lineal array transducer (Honda HS-2200UV, MA, USA) to detect ovulations and growth and regression of antral follicles. Data were analysed using chi-square, Student t-test, or one-way ANOVA. Proportion of females with 2, 3, and 4 follicular waves was 2/19 (10.5%), 10/19 (52.6%), and 7/19 (36.8%), respectively. Mean (± SEM) length of the inter-ovulatory intervals did not differ (P = 0.9) among females with 2 (16.5 ± 0.5 days), 3 (16.3 ± 0.4 days), and 4 (16.6 ± 0.2 days) follicular waves, respectively. Mean diameter of ovulatory follicles was 4.4 ± 0.1 mm, proportion of multiple ovulations was 11/19 (57.9%), and mean number of follicular waves was 3.3 ± 0.1. Wave emergence was normalized to the first ovulation of the inter-ovulatory interval (ovulation = Day 0). Mean days of wave emergence for 2 follicular waves were Days 1.0 ± 0 and 10.0 ± 0.0; for 3 follicular waves were Days 0.7 ± 0.1, 5.6 ± 0.5, and 10.4 ± 0.3; and 4 follicular waves were Days 0.8 ± 0.3, 4.7 ± 0.6, 8.4 ± 0.5, and 11.7 ± 0.3, respectively. The inter-wave intervals were 9.0 ± 0.0 days for 2 waves; 5.1 ± 0.5 and 4.8 ± 0.3 days for 3 waves; and 3.8 ± 0.5, 3.7 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 0.4 days for 4 waves. Growth rate (mm/day) of the largest follicle/wave did not differ (P = 07) among animals with 2 follicular waves (1.2 ± 0.7 v. 1.1 ± 0.0) or 3 follicular waves (0.9 ± 0.1 v. 0.9 ± 0.1 v. 1.2 ± 0.2). However, in animals with 4 follicular waves, the largest follicle grew faster (P < 0.05) for wave 1 (1.3 ± 0.2) than that of waves 2 (0.5 ± 0.2), 3 (0.6 ± 0.1), and 4 (0.6 ± 0.1). In conclusion, length of inter-ovulatory intervals, emergence of antral follicles, growth, and regression follicles in a wave-like pattern, inter-wave intervals, and diameter of ovulatory follicles in cross-bred ewes under tropical conditions are comparable to that described in sheep from temperate climates.