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He, Zhiqiao, Yan Yu, Da Wang, Juntao Tang, Jianmeng Chen, and Shuang Song. "Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide using iodine-doped titanium dioxide with high exposed {001} facets under visible light." RSC Advances 6, no. 28 (2016): 23134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26761g.
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O. Abe, Owen, Zanlin Qiu, Joerg R. Jinschek, and Pelagia-Irene Gouma. "Effect of (100) and (001) Hexagonal WO3 Faceting on Isoprene and Acetone Gas Selectivity." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051690.
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The hexagonal WO3 polymorph, h-WO3, has attracted attention due to its interatomic channels, allowing for a greater degree of intercalation compared to other WO3 polymorphs. Our research group has previously demonstrated h-WO3 to be a highly sensitive gas sensing material for a flu biomarker, isoprene. In this work, the gas sensing performance of this polymorph has been further investigated in two distinct configurations of the material produced by different processing routes. The first sample was synthesized using Na2WO4·2H2O and showed (100) faceting. The second sample was synthesized using WCl6 and showed (001) faceting. The gas sensing response of the nanostructured films deposited using the (100) textured h-WO3 sample 1 had a higher response to acetone at 350 °C. The (001) textured h-WO3 sample 2 favored isoprene at 350 °C. The selectivity of the latter to isoprene is explained in terms of the dangling bonds present on the (001) facets. The tungsten and oxygen dangling bonds present on the (001) plane favor the adsorption of the isoprene molecule over that of the acetone molecule due to the oxygen containing dipole present in the acetone molecule.
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อุดร, วาติยา, та ประภาพร จินันทุยา. "ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งโลหิตวิทยาที่ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัด". Journal of Thailand Nursing and Midwifery Council 38, № 01 (2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.60099/jtnmc.v38i01.260163.
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บทนำ: มะเร็งทางโลหิตวิทยาเป็นหนึ่งในสิบของมะเร็งที่เป็นปัญหาสาธารณสุขที่สำคัญทั่ว โลกและในประเทศไทย และจำนวนผู้ป่วยรายใหม่เพิ่มขึ้นในช่วงไม่กี่ปีที่ผ่านมา ทำให้เป็นภาระ โรคที่สำคัญต่อสุขภาพและคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วย วัตถุประสงค์ของการวิจัย: เพื่อศึกษาระดับคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งโลหิตวิทยาระหว่างการ ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัดใน 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ ด้านการรับรู้อาการ ด้านการทำหน้าที่ และด้านสุขภาพและคุณภาพชีวิต โดยรวม และศึกษาปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตทั้ง 3 ด้าน ได้แก่ ปัจจัยภาพสะท้อนความคิดจาก การเจ็บป่วย ปัจจัยความรู้เกี่ยวกับโรคและการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด ปัจจัยความเครียด และปัจจัย การสนับสนุนทางสังคม โดยใช้ทฤษฎีการเปลี่ยนผ่านของเมลิส (Meleis) เป็นกรอบแนวคิดในการทำวิจัย การออกแบบวิจัย: การวิจัยเชิงบรรยายหาความสัมพันธ์ การดำเนินการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งโลหิตวิทยาที่ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัด ที่มารับ บริการที่คลินิกโลหิตวิทยา โรงพยาบาลระดับตติยภูมิแห่งหนึ่ง ในกรุงเทพมหานคร คัดเลือกกลุ่มตัวอย่าง แบบเจาะจงตามเกณฑ์จำนวน 116 ราย รวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบสอบถาม ประกอบด้วย แบบบันทึก ข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล การเจ็บป่วยและการรักษา แบบสอบถามภาพสะท้อนความคิดจากการเจ็บป่วย แบบสอบถามความรู้เกี่ยวกับโรคและการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด แบบประเมินความรู้สึกเครียด แบบประเมินการสนับสนุนทางสังคม และแบบประเมินคุณภาพชีวิต เครื่องมือทั้งหมดผ่านการตรวจสอบ ความถูกต้องของเนื้อหาโดยผู้เชี่ยวชาญ ความน่าเชื่อถือของเครื่องมือผ่านการทดสอบโดยใช้ค่า สัมประสิทธิ์แอลฟาครอนบาคและ Kuder Richardson-20 ตามประเภทของแบบสอบถาม วิเคราะห์ข้อมูล โดยสถิติเชิงพรรณนาและทดสอบความสัมพันธ์โดยสถิติสหสัมพันธ์ของเพียร์สัน ผลการวิจัย: พบว่าระดับคะแนนคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยโรคมะเร็งโลหิตวิทยาที่ได้รับยา เคมีบำบัดทั้ง 3 ด้านอยู่ในระดับสูง ปัจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธ์กับคุณภาพชีวิตทั้ง 3 ด้าน คือ ภาพสะท้อน ความคิดจากการเจ็บป่วย และความเครียด โดยพบว่ามีความสัมพันธ์เชิงบวกอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ กับคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการรับรู้อาการ (r = .401, p < .001; r = .396, p < .001 ตามลำดับ) และมี ความสัมพันธ์เชิงลบกับคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการทำหน้าที่ (r = -.518, p < .001; r = -.350, p < .001 ตามลำดับ) และคุณภาพชีวิตด้านสุขภาพและคุณภาพชีวิตโดยรวม (r = -.461, p < .001; r = -. 275, p < .01 ตามลำดับ) ส่วนปัจจัยด้านความรู้เกี่ยวกับโรคและการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด และการ สนับสนุนทางสังคมไม่มีความสัมพันธ์อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติกับคุณภาพชีวิต ข้อเสนอแนะ: การติดตามประเมินคุณภาพชีวิตของผู้ป่วยมะเร็งโลหิตวิทยาที่ได้รับยาเคมีบำบัด ในแต่ละด้านโดยพยาบาลวิชาชีพและทีมสุขภาพโดยเฉพาะในระยะเปลี่ยนผ่านจากภาวะเจ็บป่วย ร่วมกับการส่งเสริมภาพสะท้อนความคิดจากการเจ็บป่วยในเชิงบวก และลดความเครียด จะเป็น ประโยชน์ในการช่วยเพิ่มคุณภาพชีวิตที่ดีในทุกด้านของผู้ป่วย
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Vetrone, J., C. M. Foster, G.-R. Bai, A. Wang, J. Patel, and X. Wu. "Growth, microstructure, and resistivity of RuO2 thin films grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 8 (1998): 2281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0318.
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Polycrystalline RuO2 thin films were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on both SiO2/Si(001) and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(001) substrates. Films having a controllable and reproducible structural texture and phase purity were synthesized by carefully controlling deposition parameters. Moderate growth temperatures (∼350 °C) and low growth rates (<30 Å/min) produced highly (110)-textured RuO2 films. Highly (101)-textured RuO2 films were favored at slightly lower temperatures (∼300 °C) and much higher growth rates (>30 Å/min). The most conductive RuO3 films had resistivities of 34 to 40 µΩ−cm at 25 °C, an average grain size of 65 ± 15 nm, and a surface roughness (rms) of 3 to 10 nm. Both single-phase Ru and mixed Ru/RuO2 phase material were also fabricated at low temperatures (<350 °C) by using lower oxygen flow concentrations (<10%).
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Chen, M., Z. L. Pei, X. Wang, C. Sun, and L. S. Wen. "Dependence of structural, electrical, and optical properties of ZnO:Al films on substrate temperature." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 7 (2001): 2118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0288.
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ZnO:Al (ZAO) films were deposited on fused silica substrates heated to 350 °C by dc magnetron reactive sputtering from a Zn target mixed with 1.5 wt% Al. Films deposited on a substrate heated to a temperature between room temperature and 300 °C were (001)-oriented crystals, but those grown at 350 °C consisted of crystallites with (001) and (101) orientations. The dependence of electrical properties such as resistivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility on temperature was measured. The results indicate that the carrier concentration and Hall mobility increase with increasing temperature up to 250 °C, though the Al content remains unchanged in this temperature range. The probable mechanisms are discussed. The minimum resistivity of ZAO films is 4.23 × 10−4 Ω cm, with a carrier concentration of 9.21 × 1020 cm−3 and a Hall mobility of 16.0 cm2 v−1 s−1. The films show a visible transmittance of above 80%.
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O’Doherty, J. V., C. S. Nolan, J. J. Callan, and P. McCarthy. "The interaction between lactofeed level and soya-bean meal on growth performance of weanling pigs." Animal Science 78, no. 3 (2004): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800058823.
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AbstractA 3 ✕ 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between lactofeed 70 (LF70) (860 g/kg whey permeate, 140 g/kg soya-bean meal, Volac International, UK) levels and soya-bean meal inclusion (SBM) (90 and 225 g/kg) from day 0 to day 25 after weaning (starter period) on growth performance and diet digestibility. A common diet was offered from day 25 to day 38. Dietary treatments were established by substituting LF70 for extruded wheat and soya-bean meal for potato protein (PP) and soya protein concentrate (SPC). Digestible energy and amino acids were maintained by adjusting soya oil and synthetic amino acids. A total of 252 pigs (7·7 kg and 28 ± 2 days of age) were allotted randomly to six treatments containing (1) 0 LF70 with 40 g/kg PP and 40 g/kg SPC and 90 g/kg SBM (2) 0 LF70 with 225 g/kg SBM (3) 175 g/kg LF70 with 40 g/kg PP and 40 g/kg SPC and 90 g/kg SBM (4) 175 g/kg LF70 with 225 g/kg SBM (5) 350 g/kg LF70 with 40 g/kg PP, 40 g/kg SPC and 90 g/kg SBM and (6) 350 g/kg LF70 with 225 g/kg SBM. There was an increase in average daily gain (ADG) (0·182 v. 0·292 v. 0·318 kg, s.e. 0·0089; P < 0·001) and food intake (0·413 v. 0·472 v. 0·489 kg, s.e. 0·0139; P < 0·01) and an improvement in food conversion ratio (FCR) (2·31 v. 1·63 v. 1·55 kg, s.e. 0·037; P < 0·001) as the level of LF70 increased during the starter period. From day 25 to day 38, the pigs given the starter diets containing no LF70 had an improved ADG (P < 0·05) and FCR (P < 0·001) compared with the pigs given 175 and 350 g/kg LF70. The pigs offered diets containing 350 g/kg lactofeed had a significantly higher N digestibility (P < 0·05) than the pigs offered diets containing no lactofeed. There was a significant interaction (P < 0·001) between LF70 and SBM in the apparent digestibility of gross energy (GED). Pigs given higher SBM diets had a higher GED at the 350 g/kg LF70 inclusion than pigs given PP + SPC diets. However, there was no difference in GED at the 0 and 175 g/kg LF70 inclusion. In conclusion, the inclusion of LF70 increased ADG, food intake and apparent N digestibility and improved FCR.
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Gao, Y., Y. J. Kim, and S. A. Chambers. "Preparation and characterization of epitaxial iron oxide films." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 7 (1998): 2003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0281.
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Well-ordered, pure-phase epitaxial films of FeO, Fe3O4, and γ–Fe2O3 were prepared on MgO(001) by oxygen-plasma-assisted MBE. The stoichiometries of these thin films were controlled by varying the growth rate and oxygen partial pressure. Selective growth of γ–Fe2O3 and α–Fe2O3 was achieved by controlling the growth conditions in conjunction with the choice of appropriate substrates. Growth of the iron oxide epitaxial films on MgO at ≥350 °C is accompanied by significant Mg outdiffusion. The FeO(001) film surface exhibits a (2 × 2) reconstruction, which is accompanied by a significant amount of Fe3+ in the surface region. Fe3O4 (001) has been found to reconstruct to a structure. γ–Fe23 (001) film surface is unreconstructed.
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Киреева, И. В., Ю. И. Чумляков, З. В. Победенная та Е. C. Марченко. "Влияние старения в мартенсите на ориентационную зависимость предела текучести B2-фазы и эффект памяти формы в монокристаллах сплава Ti-40Ni-10Cu". Письма в журнал технической физики 49, № 7 (2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2023.07.54919.19386.
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For the [001]-and [-123] -oriented single crystals of the Ti–40Ni–10Cu alloy, it was shown for the first time that martensite ageing at 250 MPa leads to a strong orientation dependence of the B2-phase yield stress under tension, which is weakly manifested in the initial crystals. The maximum increase in the B2-phase yield stress by 350 MPa compared with the initial state was found in the [001]-oriented crystals. At external tensile stresses of 100 MPa, the shape memory effect in [001]-oriented crystals was 4±0.2% in the initial state and increased to 5±0.2% after martensite ageing, while in [-123] orientation, on the contrary, it decreased from 8.7±0.2% to 5.4±0.2%.
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Kireeva I. V., Chumlyakov Yu. I., Pobedennaya Z. V., and Marchenko E. S. "Effect of martensite ageing on the orientation dependence of the B2-phase yield stress and the shape memory effect in Ti-40Ni-10Cu alloy single crystals." Technical Physics Letters 49, no. 4 (2023): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2023.04.55872.19386.
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For the [001]- and [123]-oriented single crystals of the Ti-40Ni-10Cu alloy, it was shown for the first time that martensite ageing at 250 MPa leads to a strong orientation dependence of the B2-phase yield stress under tension, which is weakly manifested in the initial crystals. The maximum increase in the B2-phase yield stress by 350 MPa compared with the initial state was found in the [001]-oriented crystals. At external tensile stresses of 100 MPa, the shape memory effect in [001]-oriented crystals was 4.0± 0.2% in the initial state and increased to 5.0± 0.2% after martensite ageing, while in [123] orientation, on the contrary, it decreased from 8.7± 0.2% to 5.4± 0.2%. Keywords: Single crystals, Martensite ageing, B2-phase, Shape memory effect, Tension.
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Lenart, Sylvia, and Nayak L. Polissar. "Comparison of 2 Methods for Postpyloric Placement of Enteral Feeding Tubes." American Journal of Critical Care 12, no. 4 (2003): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2003.12.4.357.
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• Background Multiple techniques are available for postpyloric placement of feeding tubes. Administration of metoclopramide and air insufflation are easily accomplished at the bedside. Variable success rates have been reported for both procedures. • Objectives To determine which method, administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide or gastric insufflation of 350 mL of air, is superior for successful postpyloric placement of feeding tubes at the bedside. • Methods A prospective trial consisting of 60 adult patients randomized to have a feeding tube placed by 1 of 2 methods, either after intravenous administration of 10 mg of metoclopramide or via gastric insufflation of 350 mL of air. Placement results were confirmed by radiography. • Results Among patients receiving narcotics, the 72% successful placement rate with insufflation was significantly better than the 11% success rate achieved with metoclopramide (P &lt; .001). Among the narcotic-free patients, the 83% success rate with metoclopramide was not significantly better than the 58% success rate with insufflation (P = .37). The difference in treatment effect between narcotic and narcotic-free groups was significant (P &lt; .001). • Conclusion Patients receiving narcotics should have feeding tubes placed via the air insufflation technique. The use of continuous or regularly scheduled administration of narcotics significantly decreases the effectiveness of metoclopramide in successful placement of feeding tubes.
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Abbas, Salbia, Saima Arzeen, Sana Nouman, and Muttahid Shah. "Analysis of the Influence of Domestic Violence Severity on the Emotional States of Non-working Women in Sialkot." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 2 (2024): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.557194369.
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Violence against women is widely acknowledged as a severe violation of human rights and a significant public health issue with profound physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. The purpose of current research is to assess the impact of domestic violence on the emotional states of non-working women. This study, using a cross-sectional quantitative approach, surveyed 350 non-working females in both rural and urban Sialkot through purposive sampling. The sample size was determined using g-power analysis. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between domestic violence and emotional states (r=.827, p<.001; r=.771, p<.001), suggesting that increased domestic violence severity leads to greater emotional disturbance. The abusive behavior scale (r=.777, p<.001) indicated that marital abuse exacerbates domestic violence, further disturbing emotional states. In conclusion, abusive behavior moderates the relationship between domestic violence and emotional disturbance. Addressing abusive behavior is recommended to mitigate its impact on non-working women's emotional well-being.
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Yang, Shizheng, Hongliang Lv, Likun Ai, Fangkun Tian, Silu Yan, and Yuming Zhang. "Influence of Growth Temperature of the Nucleation Layer on the Growth of InP on Si (001)." Coatings 9, no. 12 (2019): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120823.
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InP layers grown on Si (001) were achieved by the two-step growth method using gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of growth temperature of nucleation layer on InP/Si epitaxial growth were investigated systematically. Cross-section morphology, surface morphology and crystal quality were characterized by scanning electron microscope images, atomic force microscopy images, high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), rocking curves and reciprocal space maps. The InP/Si interface and surface became smoother and the XRD peak intensity was stronger with the nucleation layer grown at 350 °C. The Results show that the growth temperature of InP nucleation layer can significantly affect the growth process of InP film, and the optimal temperature of InP nucleation layer is required to realize a high-quality wafer-level InP layers on Si (001).
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Berthoin, Serge, Georges Baquet, Fabienne Mantéca, Ghislaine Lensel-Corbeil, and Michel Gerbeaux. "Maximal Aerobic Speed and Running Time to Exhaustion for Children 6 to 17 Years Old." Pediatric Exercise Science 8, no. 3 (1996): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.8.3.234.
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A cross-sectional design was used to study the associations among sex, age, maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and running time to exhaustion at 100% of MAS (Tlim). The subjects were 1,448 schoolchildren (685 males and 763 females) ages 6 to 17 years. The MAS of males increased significantly (p < .001) from 6 (9.0 ± 0.8 km · h−1) to 17 years (14.1 ± 1.6 km · h−1). The MAS of females increased significantly (p < .001) from 6 (8.7 ± 0.6 km · h−1) to 12 years (10.7 ± 1.2 km · h−1), then remained relatively constant at approximately 11 km · h−1 between 12 and 17 years. Tlim increased significantly from 6 to 13 years for males and from 6 to 11 years for females, then remained relatively constant around 350 s for both males and females.
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Cordes, J., G. Regenbrecht, M. W. Agelink, J. Zielasek, and K. G. Kahl. "Monitoring of the Metabolic Syndrome in Psychiatric Inpatients." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71021-1.
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In this naturalistic observational study carried out in an inpatient treatment setting we as yet surveyed the parameters of the metabolic syndrome. A weekly monitoring procedure was implemented. The analysis included data of 350 patients over a time of 12 weeks. The last observation carried forward method was applied. Additionally we are evaluating the informative value of visceral body fat percentage as measured by a body composition analyzer. The patients showed a weight increase over the first 12 weeks (mean increase: 0.87 kg, p < .001) as well as an increase of the body mass index (mean increase: 0.45 kg/m2, p < .001). Accordingly, waist circumference (mean increase: 1.06 cm, p = .007) and visceral fat index (mean increase: 0.19, p = .007) increased. No worsening of fasting glucose and blood lipid concentrations was detected. Spearmens coefficient indicated correlations between visceral fat index and body mass index (ρ = .77; p < .001), waist circumference (ρ = .70; p < .001), and triglyceride concentrations (ρ = .39; p < .001). Correlations between visceral fat index and fasting glucose (ρ = .18; p = .019), and visceral fat index and total cholesterol (ρ = .16; p = .049) were weak but also significant. In contrast, the HDL cholesterol showed a negative relation with ρ < -.39 at each point in time (p < .001).We conclude that psychiatric patients are at increased risk for the development of metabolic alterations during inpatient treatment. The possible underlying mechanisms of this interaction are discussed.
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YOSHIMOTO, YOSHIHIDE, YOSHIMICHI NAKAMURA, HIROSHI KAWAI, MASARU TSUKADA, and MASATOSHI NAKAYAMA. "THE Ge(001) SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION: DFT AND MCS." Surface Review and Letters 06, no. 06 (1999): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x9900113x.
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The problem of relative energetic stabilities of the high order reconstructions of the Ge(001) surface is revisited by a more refined first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. Using this result, we performed a Monte Carlo simulation of the phase transition, and obtained 315 K as the transition temperature of p(2× 1) → c(4× 2). This reproduces fairly well the transient temperature (250–350 K) observed by an X-ray diffraction experiment. The obtained geometry of the c(4× 2) structure compares well with an X-ray diffraction experiment. The potential energy curves of flip-flop motions of both single dimer and dimer in type-P defect are also obtained.
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Campbell, Adam P., Katie M. Phillips, Lloyd P. Hoehle, et al. "Association between Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Severity in the Context of Asthma Control." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 158, no. 2 (2017): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599817728920.
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Objective Comorbid asthma is associated with decreased quality of life (QOL) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It is unclear whether this association is independent of the patients’ clinical asthma status. We therefore sought to determine if asthma is associated with lower QOL in CRS, independent of asthma control. Study Design Cross-sectional cohort study of 350 patients with CRS. Setting Tertiary academic rhinology clinic. Subjects and Methods In total, 350 participants with CRS were recruited and 28.3% were asthmatic. CRS-specific QOL was measured using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Asthma control was assessed with the Asthma Control Test (ACT). General health-related QOL was assessed with the EuroQoL 5-dimensional general health-related quality of life survey visual analog scale (EQ-5D VAS). Associations were sought between SNOT-22 and EQ-5D VAS (dependent variables) and asthma (independent variable), while controlling for ACT. ACT score for patients with CRS without asthma was set at 25 (indicating completely controlled, asymptomatic asthma). Results Comorbid asthma was associated with SNOT-22 (β = 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2-17.3; P < .001) and EQ-5D VAS (β = −6.2; 95% CI, −11.2 to −1.3; P = .014). After controlling for ACT, asthma was no longer associated with SNOT-22 ( P = .147) or EQ-5D VAS ( P = .994). Instead, ACT score was associated with SNOT-22 (β = −2.1; 95% CI, −3.2 to −1.1; P < .001) and EQ-5D VAS (β = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0; P < .001). ACT score completely drove the association between asthma and worse QOL. Conclusion Comorbid asthma is not necessarily reflective of decreased QOL in CRS. The association of comorbid asthma with lower QOL in CRS is related to the clinical status (eg, control) of asthma.
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Kistenmacher, T. J., W. A. Bryden, J. S. Morgan, D. Dayan, R. Fainchtein, and T. O. Poehler. "Thin films of rf-magnetron sputtered InN on mica: Crystallography, electrical transport, and morphology." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 6 (1991): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.1300.
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Reactive rf-magnetron sputtering has been employed for the growth of thin films of InN on the (001) face of mica at a variety of substrate temperatures from 50 to 550 °C. These films have been characterized by x-ray scattering, stylus profilometry, and electrical transport measurements, and their topography has been studied by SEM and STM. At low deposition temperatures, the InN films exhibit texture [(00.1)InN‖ (001)mica], while at higher deposition temperatures a large fraction of the grains are heteroepitaxial [(00.1)InN‖(001)mica, (2.0)InN · (060)mica]. The utility of the x-ray precession method in the determination of this heteroepitaxial relationship is highlighted. The films exhibit a local mobility maximum near a substrate temperature of 350 °C, beyond which a sharp increase in resistivity associated with voids and cracks owing to the onset of secondary grain growth leads to a dramatic decrease in electrical mobility. At the highest growth temperatures, however, the interconnection between grains improves and lower resistivity and higher mobility are re-established.
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Kim, Woo-Seong, Kwang-Hun Oh, Tae-Hwan Kim, et al. "Fabrication and Comparison of Self-Organized Ag and Au Nanodots on Ti/MgO(001) Substrates." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 5 (2020): 3231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17385.
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We analyze and compare the differences in the dewetting phenomena and crystal structure between Ag(5.0 nm) and Au(5.0 nm) layers deposited on a Ti(1.0 nm) seed layer coated onto a MgO(001) substrate. The samples are deposited at room temperature and annealed at 350–450 °C for 5 h. The surfaces of both Ag/Ti and Au/Ti films exhibit a completely separated island structure, subsequently leading to the formation of a nanodot array after annealing. Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, we conclude that the dewetting progression speed of Ag/Ti films is higher than that of Au/Ti films. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the Ti thin film acts as a seed layer, assisting the epitaxial growth of fcc-Ag(001) nanodots on the MgO(001) substrate, whereas in the case of Au/Ti, the Au layer grows non-epitaxially on the MgO(001) substrate, which is related to the difference in the surface energies of Ag and Au. Furthermore, the optical absorbance spectra of the self-organized Ag and Au nanodots with the Ti seed layer are obtained in the visible light range and the optical properties of Ag and Au nanodots are compared.
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Ghadimi Nouran, Mina, Masoud Kimiagar, Alireza Abadi, Majid Mirzazadeh, and Gail Harrison. "Peanut consumption and cardiovascular risk." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 10 (2009): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009992837.
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AbstractObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of peanut consumption on lipid profiles, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and CHD risk in hypercholesterolaemic men.DesignRandomised crossover clinical trial.SettingParticipants were randomly assigned to two groups. They were asked to consume peanut supplements (about 77 g) with their habitual diet for 4 weeks.SubjectsFifty-four hypercholesterolaemic men with total cholesterol (TC) concentrations between 200 and 350 mg/dl.ResultsCompared with the habitual diet, peanut supplementation of the habitual diet significantly reduced TC/HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (mean 1 (se 0·3) P = 0·001) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio (mean 0·7 (se 0·2); P = 0·001). Peanut consumption increased HDL-C (mean 6·1 (se 1·5) mg/dl; P < 0·001) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (mean 1·2 (se 0·6) U/mL P = 0·04). In addition, peanut consumption significantly reduced the AIP (mean 0·1 (se 0·03) P = 0·01) and CHD estimated risk over 10 years based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mean 1·4 % (se 0·5 %) P = 0·004 and mean 2·2 % (se 0·5 %) P < 0·001, respectively).ConclusionsShort-term peanut consumption might improve lipid profiles, the AIP and CHD risk in free-living hypercholesterolaemic men.
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Kurzrock, R., S. S. Strom, E. Estey, et al. "Second cancer risk in hairy cell leukemia: analysis of 350 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 5 (1997): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.5.1803.
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PURPOSE The discovery of effective therapy for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has increased the relevance of long-term outcome. We have therefore examined the incidence of second cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data on 350 HCL patients was obtained from the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Cancer Registry's computerized data base and from chart review. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) (observed/expected [O/E]) were calculated with the expected number determined using age, sex, and calendar-year-specific rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry and from national mortality data, respectively. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 50 years and the median follow-up duration was 6 years. Twenty-six patients developed a second cancer at least 6 months after the HCL diagnosis (O/E ratio, 1.34; P = .08). There was no excess of malignancy among patients treated with interferon alfa (IFN-alpha; P = .27), 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CDA; P = .37), or deoxycoformycin (DCF; P = .7). However, an excess of myeloma-related neoplasms (O/E, 13.04; P < .001) and lymphomas (O/E, 8.7; P = .03) was observed. Survival from the advent of systemic therapy for HCL was better than before this time (P = .0009). Nevertheless, mortality remained excessive (O/E, 6.17; P < .001), mainly because of HCL-related infections and secondary malignancy. CONCLUSION Among 350 patients with HCL, there was an increase in the number of second cancers; however, it did not reach statistical significance and was not associated with therapy. The incidence of lymphoid neoplasms was significantly higher than expected. Survival since the advent of effective systemic therapy was excellent, although excess mortality was still observed.
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Wang, Yingying, Jun Ouyang, Hongbo Cheng, Yushu Shi, Takumi Nishikado, and Isaku Kanno. "High performance LaNiO3-buffered, (001)-oriented PZT piezoelectric films integrated on (111) Si." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 18 (2022): 182902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107526.
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Integration of high-performance lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric films onto (111) Si substrates is beneficial for the development of piezoelectric micro-electro-mechanical systems (Piezo-MEMS) because of (111) Si's isotropic mechanical properties and desirable etching characteristics. These features will greatly reduce complications in micro-device fabrication and patterning of PZT/Si heterostructures. However, piezoelectric performance of a PZT film is usually dominated by its preferred crystalline orientation, with (001) being superior than (110) and (111). Such a vectorial dependence seriously restricts applications of PZT films grown on (111) Si, which are usually not (001)-textured. In this work, highly (001)-oriented PZT thick films (∼1.5 μm) with a 53/47 Zr/Ti ratio were prepared on (111) Si substrates via a multi-layer buffering technique, i.e., through the use of a (111)Pt/Ti bi-layer and a LaNiO3 buffer layer. The PZT films were sputter-deposited at a low temperature (350 °C) and then crystallized in a (001) texture via a rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The e31,f transverse piezoelectric coefficient was up to ∼11.6 C/m2 for PZT films with a RTA time of 2 minutes. Such an e31,f value is comparable to that of PZT films grown on (100) Si. This work opens up many possibilities for Piezo-MEMS by demonstrating the desirable combination of a large piezoelectricity in (001) PZT with a good patternability of (111) Si.
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Zheng, Wen Li, and Wei Yang. "Effects of Temperature and Mineralizer on In2O3 Crystals Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.287.
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In ( OH )3, InOOH and In2O3crystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method, using pure water, 1mol/L KOH and 5mol/L KOH as mineralizer, the fill factor of 35%, reacted at the temperature of 200°C, 250°C and 350°C respectively, and time of 24 h. The phase transformation rule of In ( OH )3, InOOH and In2O3was studied in different temperatures and mineralizer, and their morphology have been analyzed. When pure water was used, temperature was 200°C , the results showed that In ( OH )3crystalline phase was no obvious transformation and secondary crystallization, the crystal had nonspecific morphology. While temperature was 250°C and 350°C, the In ( OH )3crystal transformed into InOOH. When 1 mol/L KOH and 5 mol/L KOH was used, temperature was 200°C , the In ( OH )3crystal had secondary crystallization. In particular, the largest-scale crystal was about 20 μm, the smallest crystal was less than 200 nm when 5 mol/L KOH was used. InOOH crystal and a small amount of In2O3were obtained in 250°C. When temperature reached 350°C , the In2O3with cubic bixbyite structure was obtained, exposing the faces { 001}, { 010}, { 100} and { 101}, and the length of crystal side was more than 50 μm.
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Oshima, Daiki, Takeshi Kato, Nobuyuki Ikarashi та Masahiro Nagao. "Fabrication of β-Mn type Co–Zn–Mn(001) film on MgO single crystal substrate". AIP Advances 13, № 2 (2023): 025331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000488.
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β-Mn type Co–Zn–Mn is a chiral magnet hosting Bloch type magnetic skyrmions and has been extensively studied because the magnetic skyrmions are observed above room temperature depending on the composition of Co, Zn, and Mn. So far, epitaxially grown film of Co–Zn–Mn on single crystal substrates has not been not realized whereas the epitaxial film is important from the fundamental and practical point of view. In this study, Co–Zn/Mn multilayered film was sputter-deposited on MgO(001) single crystal substrate and then annealed in vacuum for the crystallization of Co–Zn–Mn alloy. β-Mn type Co–Zn–Mn epitaxial film with (001) orientation was successfully fabricated although the film consisted of twinned crystal grains. We also showed that the annealing of 300–350 °C was effective to drive the crystallization, and that the possibility to enhance the crystallinity by optimizing the fabrication conditions.
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Kirkland, R. M., T. W. J. Keady, D. C. Patterson, D. J. Kilpatrick, and R. W. J. Steen. "The effect of slaughter weight and sexual status on performance characteristics of male Holstein-Friesian cattle offered a cereal-based diet." Animal Science 82, no. 3 (2006): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc200642.
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AbstractA total of 180 Holstein-Friesian male calves, mean age and live weight (LW) at start of the study 112 (s.d. 26·0) days and 134 (s.d. 37·6) kg, respectively, were used to evaluate the effect of slaughter weight on food efficiency and animal performance. Animals were offered concentrates ad libitum and a restricted quantity of straw and slaughtered at one of six LWs as bulls: 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 or 550 kg. A further group of cattle were slaughtered as steers at 450 kg LW. Mean age at slaughter was 247 and 434 days for bulls slaughtered at 300 and 550 kg LW respectively. Neither rate of LW or carcass gain was influenced by weight at slaughter ( P>0·05), with mean values of 1·31 and 0·70 kg/day, respectively. Food conversion ratio, killing-out proportion, carcass conformation, fat classification and weight of internal fat depots increased ( P<0·001) as slaughter weight of the bulls increased. In the comparison of steers and bulls slaughtered at 450 kg, steers had lower ( P<0·001) rates of LW and carcass gains and had a higher ( P<0·001) food conversion ratio than comparable bulls. Steers had lower ( P<0·001) estimated carcass lean, and higher ( P<0·01) estimated carcass fat concentrations than bulls slaughtered at the same LW.
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Wright, I. A., and A. J. F. Russel. "Changes in the body composition of beef cattle during compensatory growth." Animal Science 52, no. 1 (1991): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100005730.
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ABSTRACTForty-two weaned suckled Charolais-cross steers were used to measure changes in body composition during compensatory growth in growing cattle. Six cattle were slaughtered initially and the remaining 36 allocated to either a low level of feeding to 350 kg live weight followed by a high level (LH) or a high level of feeding throughout (HH). Above 350 kg live weight, food intake on both treatments was the same at any given live weight. Six cattle were slaughtered from each treatment at 350, 400 and 450 kg live weight. From initial live weight (259 kg) to 350 kg, live-weight gains were 0·45 and 0·78 kg/day for the LH and HH treatments respectively (P < 0·001). From 350 to 400 kg live weight, live-weight gains were 1·35 and 0·98 kg/day (P < 0·01) for the LH and HH cattle respectively, while from 400 to 450 kg live weight there was no significant difference (1·38 v. 1·20 kg/day). The LH cattle contained less fat in the empty body than the HH cattle at 350 kg (118 v. 153 g/kg; P < 0·05) and 400 kg live weight (117 v. 169 g/kg; P < 0·01), but at 450 kg there was no significant difference between treatments. From 350 to 400 kg live weight the composition of the empty body-weight gain was 663 g water, ' 108 g fat and 216 g protein per kg in the LH cattle and 422 kg water, 311 g fat and 173 g protein in the HH cattle. From 400 to 450 kg live weight the equivalent figures were 491, 291, 156 g/kg for the LH cattle and 744, 67 and 203 g/kg for the HH cattle. The results demonstrate that following a period of food restriction the empty body-weight gain of cattle initially comprises increased proportions of protein and water and a reduced proportion of fat compared with unrestricted cattle when both are given the same amount of food and compared at the same weight. There then follows a second phase in which the proportion of fat increases and the proportions of protein and water decrease.
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Starnes, Joseph R., Lauren Slesur, Neil Holby, Saad Rehman, and Robert F. Miller. "Predicting No-shows at a Student-Run Comprehensive Primary Care Clinic." Family Medicine 51, no. 10 (2019): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22454/fammed.2019.406053.
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Background and Objectives: Missed appointments represent a significant challenge to the efficient and effective provision of care in the outpatient setting. High no-show rates result in ineffective use of human resources and contribute to loss of follow-up. Shade Tree Clinic (STC) is a student-run, comprehensive primary care clinic that serves more than 350 Middle Tennessee residents. This study aimed to use available data to predict no-shows to improve clinic efficiency and service quality. Methods: Data were pulled from clinic scheduling software for all appointments at STC between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015. Weather data were added for each appointment date using an online database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create models from these historical data. Results: A total of 13,499 appointments were included with an overall show rate of 69.2%. The final model contained previous show rate (OR 1.063; P&lt;.001), day of the week (OR 1.20; P&lt;.001), automated reminder (OR 1.40; P&lt;.001), snow in inches (OR .33; P&lt;.001), and high ambient temperature in degrees (OR 1.01; P&lt;.001). Using a cutoff probability of the 25th percentile, the model had a negative predictive value of 61.0%. Conclusions: Based on readily available data and a novel conceptual framework, we can identify the quarter of patients least likely to present for scheduled appointments and target them for interventions, allowing care providers to more effectively address community health care disparities through the clinic. This analysis is replicable at any clinic using an electronic medical record.
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Morresi, L., J. P. Ayoub, N. Pinto, et al. "Structural, magnetic and electronic transport properties of MnxGe1−x/Ge(001) films grown by MBE at 350°C." Surface Science 601, no. 13 (2007): 2632–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.11.077.
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Hla, S. W., V. Marinković та A. Prodan. "Anisotropic growth of Au and Ag on (001) WTe2 and β-MoTe2 surfaces between 350 and 700 K". Thin Solid Films 317, № 1-2 (1998): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(97)00654-8.
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Hecker, M., N. Mattern, W. Brückner, and C. M. Schneider. "Effect of Annealing on Structural Properties of Co Thin Films and Co/Cu Multilayers." Materials Science Forum 443-444 (January 2004): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.443-444.193.
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The subject of the present investigation is the influence of annealing on the microstructure of Co thin films. In particular, the evolution of the texture during annealing is studied and compared with that of Co/Cu multilayers of different individual layer thicknesses. 400nm thick Co films show a h.c.p. structure with a weak preference of the <001> texture component and a broad distribution of grain orientations. Annealing at about 350°C results in a strong increase of the h.c.p. <001> component, nearly complete disappearance of the statistical distribution and grain growth of a minor f.c.c. fraction in the films. In-situ XRD measurements on single Co films during annealing confirm that the texture change is irreversible. Multilayer stacks of Co/Cu layers show various texture changes depending on the individual layer thickness (ranging between 100nm and 1nm). Generally, with decreasing individual layer thickness and increasing annealing temperature the f.c.c. content in the multilayers increases at the expense of the h.c.p. fraction.
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Raichur, Priyanka, Sonali Pankaj Salvi, Shashikala Sangle, et al. "Trends and Sex Differences in Access to HIV Care with Scale Up of National HIV Treatment Guidelines in Pune, India." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822093173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220931735.
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Test and treat is the current global standard, yet sex differences persist in access to HIV care. We assessed the differences in presentation and antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake by sex and ART-eligibility period among ART-naive adults registered at a public ART center in India. Four ART eligibility periods were defined by programmatically determined CD4 criteria (periods I-IV: CD4 <200, <350, ≤500 cells/μL, and any CD4) between January 2005 and December 2017. Of 23 957 participants, 12 510 were male. Men consistently presented with lower median CD4 count (period I-IV, P < .05) and higher median age (period I-III, P < .001) than women. From period I to IV, median age increased in women ( P < .0001), ART initiation time decreased in both sexes ( P < .001), and median CD4 remained <200 cells/µL in men. Advanced HIV disease and increasing age at presentation are persistent sex-specific trends which warrant innovative HIV testing strategies in both sexes.
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Hackney, Kyle J., Adam P. Bradley, Alexis S. Roehl, Ryan McGrath, and Joseph Smith. "Energy Expenditure and Substrate Utilization with Hands-Free Crutches Compared to Conventional Lower-Extremity Injury Mobility Devices." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (2022): 247301142211398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24730114221139800.
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Background: A Hands-Free crutch (HFC) is a relatively new device that can be used during the nonweightbearing period to increase mobility. The primary aim of this investigation was to examine aerobic oxygen consumption (V.o2) and substrate utilization with HFC compared to conventional ambulation devices as well as normal ambulation. A secondary purpose was to quantify perceived exertion, pain, and performance during each ambulation condition. Methods: Forty participants completed 4 separate 10-minute ambulation conditions around a rectangular course. The order of the ambulation conditions was randomized and consisted of (1) walking, (2) medical knee scooter (MKS), (3) HFC, and (4) axillary crutch (AC). Indirect calorimetry was used to determine V.o2 and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), an indicator of substrate utilization. Perceived exertion and pain were also assessed using questionnaires. Results: All mobility devices significantly elevated V.o2 (+35%) compared to walking (13.14 ± 1.70 mL/kg/min; P < .001). AC had significantly greater V.o2 requirements (20.26 ± 2.62 mL/kg/min) compared to both the MKS (15.28 ± 2.29 mL/kg/min; P < .001) and HFC (15.88 ± 2.03 mL/kg/min; P < .001). There was no difference in average V.o2 between MKS and HFC ( P = .368). Compared to walking (0.78 ± 0.43), RER was significantly elevated in MKS (0.81 ± 0.05, P < .001) and AC (0.84 ± 0.06, P < .001), but not in HFC (0.79 ± 0.04, P = .350). RPE and pain were elevated in all ambulatory conditions (all P values <.001). Pain was significantly greater in AC compared with MKS ( P < .001) and HFC ( P < .001). Conclusion: HFC and MKS share similar V.o2 requirements over a 10-minute ambulation interval and are below those needed in AC. Substrate utilization in HFC was similar to regular walking with a greater reliance on lipid utilization for energy as evidenced by a lower RER. Exertion and pain scores were the most tolerable in HFC and MKS. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
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Bennett, Teresa, Audrey Desmond, Maria Harrington, et al. "The effect of high intakes of casein and casein phosphopeptide on calcium absorption in the rat." British Journal of Nutrition 83, no. 6 (2000): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500000854.
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The effect of the level or source of dietary protein or protein-derived peptides on Ca absorption is not well understood. We determined, therefore, the influence of habitual dietary casein level, meal casein and meal casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on Ca absorption in the rat. True fractional Ca absorption was investigated in male 7-week-old rats, Wistar strain, in three separate studies using a faecal 47Sc : 47Ca ratio method. In studies A and C, rats (n 8 per group) were fed on a purified diet containing 200 g casein/kg for 2 weeks. Rats were then given a 47Ca-labelled meal (10 g) containing (per kg) either 0, 100, 200, or 300 g casein (study A) or 0, 100, 200, 350 or 500 g CPP (study C). In study B, rats (n 24 per group) were fed on a purified diet containing (per kg) either 200, 350 or 500 g casein for 2 weeks. Each group was then further randomized into three groups (n 8 per group) and given a 47Ca-labelled meal (10 g of the same diet) containing (per kg) either 200, 350 or 500 g casein. Ca absorption from a meal was unaffected by increasing meal casein concentration from 0 to 300 g/kg (study A), but was increased with a meal casein content of 500 g/kg (study B). Fractional Ca absorption decreased with increasing usual dietary casein intake in the range 200–500 g/kg (study B), suggesting intestinal adaptation. Ca absorption was unaffected by inclusion of 100 g CPP/kg in a single meal but was significantly (P < 0·001) reduced by 200, 350 and 500 g CPP/kg meal, with no evident dose-relationship. Thus, while Ca absorption was enhanced by high-casein meals, the mechanism remains unclear.
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Kim, Jin Hyeok, Frederick F. Lange, and Chae-Il Cheon. "Epitaxial Growth of Patterned SrBi2Ta2O9 Lines by Channel Stamping." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (1999): 1194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0161.
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Patterned epitaxial SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) lines with (00l) out-of-plane orientation were grown on a (001) SrTiO3 substrate by the novel “channel stamping” method. Parallel channels in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp were filled with a metalorganic precursor solution by spin coating. After solvent evaporation, the solid precursor within the channels was transferred to the substrate by stamping. Stamped precursor lines were pyrolyzed at 350 °C/1 h and then heated to 850 °C/1 h. It was shown by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy that patterned SBT lines were epitaxial, had a smooth surface with c-axis out-of-plane orientation, and a single in-plane orientation.
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Hong, Seong-Hyeon, J. Francis Young, Ping Yu, and R. James Kirkpatrick. "Synthesis of anorthite by the Pechini process and structural investigation of the hexagonal phase." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 5 (1999): 1828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0246.
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Stoichiometric CaAl2Si2O8 gels prepared by the Pechini process crystallize to triclinic anorthite via an intermediate, previously unknown pseudohexagonal phase. Hydrothermal treatment of this pseudohexagonal phase at 350 °C transforms it to hexagonal anorthite. These combined processes produce the hexagonal phase via a low-temperature, chemical route in contrast to the conventional high-temperature melting and crystallization method. Powder x-ray diffraction data and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the hexagonal anorthite agree well with the published structure. They indicate a high degree of tetrahedral Si/Al ordering within the layers, but long-range disorder in the average structure due to (001) stacking faults present between the layers.
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Chisholm, M. F., D. E. Jesson, S. J. Pennycook, and S. Mantl. "Z-contrast imaging of an ordered interface structure in the Si/CoSi2/Si system." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 802–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100149842.
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We show the atomic structure of buried CoSi2/Si(001) boundaries involves a 2×1 ordering of the interfacial Co atoms. The ability to directly image and interpret this unforeseen structure is possible through the Z-contrast technique, and presents a new level of insight into the important and controversial relationship between the atomic structure and electronic properties, such as the energy barrier for electron transport across metal-semiconductor interfaces.The buried CoSi2 layer was produced by implanting Co+ ions (200 keV, 2 × 1017 ions/cm2) in a Si(001) substrate heated to 350°C. The substrate was capped with 200 nm of SiO2 and then given a two-step anneal in high purity argon (750°C for 30 s + 1150°C for 10 s). This treatment results in a continuous buried CoSi2 layer ~70 nm thick, ~90 nm below the substrate surface. The layer and the substrate are oriented such that the cubic CaF2 unit cell of CoSi2 is aligned parallel to the cubic unit cell of Si.
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Razzouk, Jacob Anees, Ethan Vyhmeister, Mei Carter, et al. "170 Disc Space Height in Relation to Neural Foraminal Dimensions and Patient Characteristics: A Morphometric Analysis From L1-S1 Using Computed Tomography." Neurosurgery 70, Supplement_1 (2024): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002809_170.
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INTRODUCTION: The normative relationship between lumbar intervertebral disc space height (DSH) and neuroforaminal dimensions (NFD) has yet to be defined. METHODS: Anterior, middle, and posterior DSH were measured on 350 female and 350 male patients between 18 and 35 years of age without spinal pathology. NFD were defined as sagittal anterior-to-posterior (AP) width, axial AP width, foraminal height, and area. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations among DSH, NFD, and patient height, weight, body mass index, sex, and ethnicity. RESULTS: DSH measurements demonstrated increasing, linear trends moving caudally from L1-L2 to L5-S1, while NFD demonstrated a unimodal distribution pattern with largest NFD at L3-L4 and smallest NFD at L1-2 and L5-S1. Accounting for confounding due to height, weight, and ethnicity, male patients demonstrated larger DSH compared to female patients across all levels L1-S1 (p < .001). Asian patients demonstrated taller DSH compared to Caucasian, Hispanic, and African-American patients across all levels L1-S1 (p = .014). Zero moderate or strong correlations were observed between DSH and NFD measurements or patient characteristics for all levels L1-S1, though weight and foraminal height were weakly (r = .3) associated with increased DSH (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study describes 38,500 CT-based L1-S1 disc space height and neuroforaminal measurements in young patients without spinal pathology. Among these patients, disc space height follows an increasing trend moving caudally from L1-S1, while foraminal dimensions demonstrate a unimodal distribution clustered at L3-L4. Neuroforaminal dimensions, including foraminal height, are not moderately or strongly associated with disc space height. Disc space height is influenced by sex and ethnicity but is not moderately or strongly influenced by patient height, weight, and BMI.
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van der Hulst, R. J. A. M., W. A. Dreschler, and N. A. M. Urbanus. "High Frequency Audiometry in Prospective Clinical Research of Ototoxicity Due to Platinum Derivatives." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 2 (1988): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948809700208.
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The results of clinical use of routine high frequency audiometry in monitoring the ototoxic side effects of platinum and its derivatives are described in this prospective study. After demonstrating the reproducibility of the technique, we discuss the first results of an analysis of ototoxic side effects in 75 patients (150 ears). Significant differences in the pattern of hearing loss were registered for the different platinum treatment groups (cisplatin 20 mg/m2, cisplatin 50 mg/m2, and carboplatin 350 mg/m2). In the groups receiving cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and carboplatin 350 mg/m2, 42% and 25%, respectively, of the investigated ears proved to be undamaged, versus 9% undamaged in the group receiving cisplatin 20 mg/m2 (p< .01). Ototoxic hearing loss started mainly (46% to 70%) in the higher frequencies (10,000 to 18,000 Hz) and developed into a broader-range hearing loss (1,000 to 18,000 Hz) during treatment in 13% to 43% (p< .01). The onset of hearing damage was influenced by the patient's age (p< .001) and the existence of a troubled otologic history (p< .05). The study demonstrates the important role of high frequency audiometry in early detection and monitoring of ototoxic damage.
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Huang, P. C., S. R. Stock, A. Torabi, and C. J. Summers. "Characterization of Structural Inhomogeneities in GaAs/AIGaAs Superlattices." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800019443.
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AbstractThin films containing periodic chemical or strain modulation (e.g. artificial superlattices or SL) are often characterized nondestructively by X-ray double-axis diffractometry. The satellite peaks from the modulated structure allow analysis of layer structure, elemental concentration and strain profile. This paper focuses on the effect of layer uniformity on the rocking curves of (001) GaAs/AlxGa1-xAsSL. Double-axis diffractometry for results from MBE samples with 800 Å SL periods and x=0.35 are compared for GaAs/AlGaAs layer thicknesses of 350/450, 400/400 and 450/350 Å. Symmetric (004) and asymmetric (315) diffraction planes are used to measure parallel and perpendicular misfit strains, layer periodicity and aluminum concentration. A modified kinematical scattering model, correcting for absorption and extinction, is used to calculate the satellite peak intensities and spacings. The relative thicknesses of GaAs and AlGaAs and the aluminum elemental concentration are optimized by matching with experimental results. The effect of nonuniform layer thickness on SL peak intensities is also investigated. The experimental results, the modified kinematical scattering calculations and dynamical theory agree closely for the 3-4 /zm thickness layers studied.
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Wang, Xixian, and Hyun Jin Jeon. "Hair Interest and Scalp Hair Care Behavior in Chinese College Students." Korean Society of Beauty and Art 25, no. 2 (2024): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2024.25.2.189.
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This study attempted to investigate the influence of hair interest on scalp & hair care behavior against Chinese college students. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 350 college students in Inner Mongolia from September 25 to October 10, 2022 (16 days), using the Wen-Juan-Xing online platform. A total of 350 copies were used for final analysis, and the results found the followings: First, Chinese college students’ interest in hair was divided into 3 categories (hair care interest, hairstyling interest, at-home care interest) while scalp & hair care behavior was classified into 4 parts (scalp care, scalp perception, shampooing, hair care). Second, as a whole, hair interest had a statistically significant effect on scalp & hair care behavior (p<.05, p<.001). The above results confirm that Chinese college students are very interested in their hair and that such interest affects their scalp and hair care behavior. Therefore, it is required to enhance students’ perception of scalp & hair care and develop and provide professional scalp care training programs and product-related education. It is also needed to promote advertising actively to facilitate such scalp and hair care behavior.
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Intelangelo, Leonardo, Nacim Molina Gutiérrez, Nicolás Bevacqua, Cristian Mendoza, Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, and Daniel Jerez-Mayorga. "Effect of Confinement by COVID-19 on the Lifestyle of the University Population of Argentina: Evaluation of Physical Activity, Food and Sleep (Efecto del confinamiento por COVID-19 sobre el estilo de vida en población universitaria de Argentina: Evaluaci." Retos 43 (July 19, 2021): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88461.
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Objective: to determine lifestyle changes, such as physical activity, nutrition, and sleep in an Argentinean university population, caused by confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study via web survey. 1021 the Argentinean university population (women, n = 645 and men, n = 376) aged between 18–70 years old was participate. Survey was utilized to measure participant physical activity behavior, nutrition, and sleep April to May 2020. Results: the main findings revealed that 4.3% of the sample showed obesity; the highest proportion of the sample stayed more than 6 hours in a sedentary status; 21.74% reported bad sleep quality; a reduction in good feeding pattern; and an increase in subjects who do not perform physical activity. According to socio-demographic and anthropometric factors, being a student (OR 2.19, CI95% 1.18 - 4, p= .012), overweight (OR 1.71, CI95% 1.19 – 2.44, p= .003), obesity (OR 4.45, CI95% 2.27 – 8.7, p< .001), and have been confined more than 45 days was associated with bad feeding. Likewise, low physical activity levels were associated with obesity (OR 3.2 CI95% 1.66 – 6.18, p= .001), being female (OR 1.61, CI95% 1.14 –2.28, p= .006) and get married (OR 1.72, CI95% 1.14 – 2.61, p= .009). Moreover, being a student was associated with poor sleep quality (OR 43.6, CI95%5.4 – 350, p< .001). Conclusion: This study suggests that confinement decreased healthy living habits such as good nutrition and physical activity and affected the quality of sleep in young subjects. 
 Resumen. Objetivo: determinar los cambios en el estilo de vida, como la actividad física, la nutrición y el sueño en una población universitaria argentina, causados por el confinamiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta por Internet. Participaron 1021 personas de la población universitaria argentina (mujeres, n = 645 y hombres, n = 376) de entre 18 y 70 años de edad. La encuesta fue utilizada para medir el comportamiento de la actividad física, la nutrición y el sueño de los participantes de abril a mayo de 2020.Resultados: los principales hallazgos mostraron que el 4,3% de la muestra presentaba obesidad; la mayor proporción de la muestra permaneció más de 6 horas en estado sedentario; el 21,74% informó sobre la mala calidad del sueño; una reducción de los hábitos correctos de alimentación; y un aumento de los participantes que no realizan actividad física. De acuerdo con factores socio-demográficos y antropométricos, ser estudiante (OR 2.19, CI95% 1.18 - 4, p= .012), el sobrepeso (OR 1.71, CI95% 1.19 - 2.44, p= .003), la obesidad (OR 4.45, CI95% 2.27 - 8.7, p< .001), y haber estado confinado más de 45 días se asoció con una mala alimentación. Asimismo, los bajos niveles de actividad física se asociaron con la obesidad (OR 3,2; IC95% 1,66 - 6,18, p= .001), ser mujer (OR 1,61; IC95% 1,14 -2,28, p= .006) y estar casado (OR 1,72; IC95% 1,14 - 2,61, p= .009). Además, ser estudiante se asoció con una mala calidad de sueño (OR 43,6, CI95% 5,4 - 350, p< .001). Conclusión: Este estudio sugiere que el confinamiento disminuyó los hábitos de vida saludables como la buena nutrición, la actividad física, y afectó la calidad del sueño en sujetos jóvenes.
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Mrigal, Asmaa, Lahocine El Gana, Mouhamed Addou, et al. "Temperature effect on structural and optical properties of V2O5 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701033.
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In this work, the effect of substrate temperature on structural and optical properties of V2O5 thin films has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); SEM and transmission. The films mince has been prepared by Reactive Chemical Spraying technology in Liquid Phase (RCSLP) on glass substrates preheated at (350, 400, 450 and 500 °C). The X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that all layers are polycrystalline, and the preferred orientation of V2O5 is the (001) plane. The morphology of V2O5 thin films are porous nature and their particle’s shape is three-dimensional. The transmittance and absorbance of thin film were measured from which the optical constants (Energy gap, Refractive index, Absorption coefficient, Extinction coefficient and Optical dielectric constant) were determined.
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Rumpf, C., and W. Bensch. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Ternary Chalcogenides of Group IV Metals: K2ZrS4, Rb2ZrS4, and Rb2HfS4." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 8 (2000): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-0805.
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Abstract The new ternary one-dimensional chain compounds K2ZrS4 , Rb2ZrS4 and Rb2HfS4 were prepared at 350 °C by reacting A2S3 and S with elemental M (A = K, Rb; M = Zr, Hf). They are isostructural, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z = 8 . The M atoms are in a distorted octahedral environment of four S2− anions and one S22− unit. The structure consists of infinite anionic chains comprised of edge-sharing M S6 octahedra running parallel to the [001] direction separated by the alkali metal cations. The composition of the chain may be formulated as 1∞[MS4/ 2 (S2)2−]. The two crystallographically independent alkali cations are in eight-and ninefold coordination of S atoms.
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Oberbeck, Lars, Neil J. Curson, Steven R. Schofield, Toby Hallam, Michelle Y. Simmons, and Robert G. Clark. "Challenges in Surface Science for a P-in-Si Quantum Computer — Phosphine Adsorption/Incorporation and Epitaxial Si Encapsulation." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 02n03 (2003): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03005098.
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We present three important results relating to the fabrication of a quantum computer in silicon: (i) the interaction of the dopant gas phosphine with Si(001), (ii) a comparison of the morphology of epitaxial Si layers grown on clean and on monohydride-terminated Si(001), and (iii) a direct measure of the segregation/diffusion of incorporated P atoms during Si epitaxial growth and annealing. After low phosphine (PH3) dosing of a Si(001) surface dual bias scanning tunneling microscopy was used to identify the PH x(x = 2, 3) species on the surface. Subsequent annealing to 350°C resulted in the P atom from the PH x molecule being incorporated into the surface to form Si–P heterodimers. The threefold coordination that results from incorporation is expected to be advantageous for phosphorus quantum bit fabrication since it will reduce P segregation and diffusion during Si epitaxial overgrowth. One question to be addressed in the encapsulation process for quantum bits is whether the H resist layer needs to be removed or whether we can grow through the hydrogen layer. We demonstrate that five-monolayer-thick epitaxial Si layers deposited at low temperature (250°C) using molecular beam epitaxy have a significantly lower roughness and defect density when grown on a clean Si(001) surface compared to a H-terminated surface. Attempts to encapsulate phosphorus quantum bits at 260°C and to recover the surface quality of the epitaxial layer resulted in P atoms segregating and diffusing to the surface. These results suggest that the hydrogen layer is desorbed first before the P atoms are encapsulated in epitaxial silicon grown at very low temperature (below 250°C) to minimise phosphorus segregation.
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Zhang, Minghua, Sushant Kumar, Ravishankar Sundararaman, and Daniel Gall. "Resistivity scaling in CuTi determined from transport measurements and first-principles simulations." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 4 (2023): 045102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0135132.
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The resistivity size effect in the ordered intermetallic CuTi compound is quantified using in situ and ex situ thin film resistivity ρ measurements at 295 and 77 K, and density functional theory Fermi surface and electron–phonon scattering calculations. Epitaxial CuTi(001) layers with thickness d = 5.8–149 nm are deposited on MgO(001) at 350 °C and exhibit ρ vs d data that are well described by the classical Fuchs and Sondheimer model, indicating a room-temperature effective electron mean free path λ = 12.5 ± 0.6 nm, a bulk resistivity ρo = 19.5 ± 0.3 μΩ cm, and a temperature-independent product ρo λ = 24.7 × 10−16 Ω m2. First-principles calculations indicate a strongly anisotropic Fermi surface with electron velocities ranging from 0.7 × 105 to 6.6 × 105 m/s, electron–phonon scattering lengths of 0.8–8.5 nm (with an average of 4.6 nm), and a resulting ρo = 20.6 ± 0.2 μΩ cm in the (001) plane, in excellent agreement (7% deviation) with the measurements. However, the measured ρo λ is almost 2.4 times larger than predicted, indicating a break-down of the classical transport models. Air exposure causes a 6%–30% resistivity increase, suggesting a transition from partially specular ( p = 0.5) to completely diffuse surface scattering due to surface oxidation as detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Polycrystalline CuTi layers deposited on SiO2/Si substrates exhibit a 001 texture, a grain width that increases with d, and a 74%–163% larger resistivity than the epitaxial layers due to electron scattering at grain boundaries. The overall results suggest that CuTi is a promising candidate for highly scaled interconnects in integrated circuits only if it facilitates liner-free metallization.
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Karstensen, Valerie, Geoffrey Olsen, and Mathias Bastholm. "The Roles of Civic Knowledge and Educational Attitudes in Shaping Academic Motivation: Empirical Evidence." Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology 7, no. 2 (2024): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijes.7.2.6.
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Purpose: Academic motivation is a critical driver of educational outcomes, influenced by various factors including attitudes toward education and civic knowledge. Despite abundant research on these factors independently, their collective impact on academic motivation remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by examining how attitudes toward education and civic knowledge together predict academic motivation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed with a sample of 350 participants derived from high schools and universities, based on Morgan and Krejcie’s table for sample size. Data were collected using validated scales: the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS), Education Attitude Scale (EAS), and Civic Knowledge Assessment Test (CKAT). Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS version 27 to explore the relationships between the study variables. Findings: Descriptive statistics indicated moderate levels of academic motivation (Mean = 4.21, SD = 1.05), positive educational attitudes (Mean = 3.89, SD = 0.78), and varied civic knowledge (Mean = 3.45, SD = 0.88). Pearson correlation showed significant positive relationships between academic motivation and attitudes toward education (r = .312, p < .001) and civic knowledge (r = .287, p < .001). Regression analysis revealed that both attitudes toward education (β = 0.32, p < .001) and civic knowledge (β = 0.27, p < .001) significantly predicted academic motivation, accounting for 20.9% of the variance (R² adjusted = .209). Conclusion: The findings confirm that both educational attitudes and civic knowledge are significant predictors of academic motivation. These results underscore the importance of integrating civic education into curricula and fostering positive educational attitudes to enhance academic motivation. Future educational policies and practices should consider these dimensions to effectively support academic engagement and achievement.
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Fisman, David N., Anthony D. Harris, Michael Rubin, Gary S. Sorock, and Murray A. Mittleman. "Fatigue Increases the Risk of Injury From Sharp Devices in Medical Trainees Results From a Case-Crossover Study." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 1 (2007): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/510569.
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Background.Extreme fatigue in medical trainees likely compromises patient safety, but regulations that limit trainee work hours have been controversial. It is not known whether extreme fatigue compromises trainee safety in the healthcare workplace, but evidence of such a relationship would inform the current debate on trainee work practices. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between fatigue and workplace injury risk among medical trainees and nontrainee healthcare workers.Design.Case-crossover study.Setting.Five academic medical centers in the United States and Canada.Participants.Healthcare workers reporting to employee healthcare clinics for evaluation of needlestick injuries and other injuries related to sharp instruments and devices (sharps injuries). Consenting workers completed a structured interview about work patterns, time at risk of injury, and frequency of fatigue.Results.Of 350 interviewed subjects, 109 (31%) were medical trainees. Trainees worked more hours per week (P < .001) and slept less the night before an injury (P < .001) than did other healthcare workers. Fatigue increased injury risk in the study population as a whole (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.40 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.03-1.90]), but this effect was limited to medical trainees (IRR, 2.94 [95% CI, 1.71-5.07]) and was absent for other healthcare workers (IRR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.66-1.42]) (P = .001).Conclusions.Long work hours and sleep deprivation among medical trainees result in fatigue, which is associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of sharps injury. Efforts to reduce trainee work hours may result in reduced risk of sharps-related injuries among this group.
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Bachmaier, Samuel, Gregory S. DiFelice, Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet, et al. "Treatment of Acute Proximal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears—Part 2: The Role of Internal Bracing on Gap Formation and Stabilization of Repair Techniques." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 1 (2020): 232596711989742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119897423.
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Background: The latest biomechanical studies on some form of internal bracing have shown improved stabilization for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair, but gap formation and load-sharing function have not yet been reported. Hypothesis: Internal bracing of an adjustable ACL repair construct provides improved stabilization with reduced gap formation and higher residual loading on the ACL. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Internally braced ACL repair constructs with single– and double–cinch loop (CL) cortical buttons, a knotless suture anchor, and a single-CL cortical button with adjustable loop fixation (CLS-ALD) were tested (n = 20 each) in a porcine model at 4 different loads (n = 5 each) over 4000 cycles at 0.75 Hz (n = 80 total). The CLS-ALD technique allowed for additional preconditioning (10 cycles at 0.5 Hz). Test results of the isolated internal brace groups served as a baseline for comparison. Lastly, specimens were pulled to failure (50 mm/min) with a cut internal brace. Final loading and gap formation on the ACL repair construct as well as ultimate strength were analyzed. Results: A statistical significance for peak loads over peak elongation was found between the CLS-ALD and all other reinforced groups (analysis of covariance, P < .001). Accordingly, the adjustable repair technique showed improved load-bearing capability with the internal brace compared with all other fixed repair groups and revealed significantly higher loads than the knotted single-CL group. Also, significantly reduced gap formation was found for the CLS-ALD compared with all other groups ( P < .001), with no gap formation up to 150 N with a final gap of 0.85 ± 0.31 mm at 350 N. A significantly higher ultimate failure load (866.2 ± 104.0 N; P < .001) was found for the button-fixed internal brace group compared with all other groups. Conclusion: Internal bracing had a crucial role in improving the stabilization potential of ACL repair at loads occurring during normal daily activity. The added strength of the internal brace allowed for reducing peak loads on the ACL repair construct as well as restricting gap formation to below 3 mm at loads up to 350 N. Clinical Relevance: Improvements in the mechanical characteristics of current ACL repair techniques that enable reduced gap formation and allow for early range of motion and accelerated rehabilitation may strengthen the self-healing response with the formation of stable scar tissue.
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Aquino, Marisol, and Mia Budescu. "The Association Between Racial Microaggressions and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 26, no. 2 (2021): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn26.2.208.
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The present study investigated whether racial microaggressions, specifically assumptions of inferiority, assumptions of criminality/second class citizenship, and microinvalidations had a relationship with depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship varied by age group (adults vs. adolescents) and race (Black and Latinx). This cross-sectional study compared 194 undergraduate college students who were all over the age of 18 to 168 high school juniors and seniors. All participants identified as either African American/Black or Latinx/Hispanic. The results indicated that respondents identifying as Black/African American, regardless of age, experience higher levels of assumptions of criminality/second class citizenship compared to Latinx respondents, F(2, 350) = 0.82, p = .442, ηp2 = .004. Results also indicated that, among Black/African American college students, but not high school students nor Latinx participants, higher levels of assumptions of inferiority were associated with depressive symptoms (b = .34, SE = 0.07, p < .001). Assumptions of criminality/second class citizenship, on the other hand, were not related with depressive symptoms (b = .06, SE = 0.08, p = .433). Lastly, regardless of race, high school students experienced more microinvalidations than college students, F(2, 350) = 3.97, p = .047, ηp2 =.013. These results underscore developmental changes in how students of color experience race and racism as they transition from adolescence into adulthood.
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Dhawan, Hirishita, and Priyanka Gupta. "Assessing awareness and practice towards Surgical Mask Regulations among the Population of Chandigarh: A Cross-Sectional Analysis." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 11, no. 1 (2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v11i1.583.
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Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical masks have become a crucial protective measure to prevent the spread of the virus. While they are regulated as medical devices to ensure their effectiveness, the high demand for masks has led to an increase in counterfeit products that pose a threat to public health.
 Materials and methods: In Chandigarh, India, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 individuals aged 15 and above who had access to social networks. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions on knowledge, practice, and demographics was used to collect data through convenience sampling with a chain-sampling method. Descriptive statistics and correlation and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 29.0 to find a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, practice, and demographic variables.
 Result: Of 350 participants in the survey 26.0% were aged 15-29, 32.6% were aged 30-39, 13.4% were aged 40-49, and 28.0% were aged 50-80. In terms of gender, 49.1% were male and 50.9% were female. The majority had a master's degree (45.7%) and were employed in the private sector (49.4%). Education had a significant impact on knowledge (t-value of 11.375, significance level < .001), but job type did not (t-value of -1.740, significance level .083). Participants' knowledge and practice had a strong positive correlation (Pearson Correlation coefficient of 1.000, significance level < .001). The constant (intercept) was significant in predicting practice, while age, gender, and job were not (significance levels > .05).
 Conclusion: The study found that the community had satisfactory awareness and practice of using certified and licensed surgical masks. However, there is a need for reinforced education on the topic. The researchers recommend mass media campaigns and strict government regulation to ensure the use of certified masks and prevent the use of counterfeit ones. Continuous education is also necessary to help the public understand the importance of using certified and licensed masks for maximum protection.
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Kim, Sang Woo, Shizuo Fujita, Min Su Yi, Han Ki Kim, Bee Lyong Yang, and Dae Ho Yoon. "ZnO Nanowalls and Nanocolumns Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.77.
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ZnO nanowalls and nanocolumns were synthesized on Si3N4 (50 nm)/Si (001) substrates at low growth temperature (350 and 400 oC) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with no metal catalysts. ZnO nanowalls with extremely small wall thicknesses below 10 nm and nanocolumns with diameters over 100 nm were formed on the Si3N4/Si substrates relying on MOCVD-growth temperature. It was found that ZnO nanowalls have a strong c-axis preferred orientation with a hexagonal structure, while ZnO nanocolumns have a weak c-axis preferred orientation with broken stacking orders in synchrotron x-ray scattering experiments. In addition, strong free-exciton emission from the ZnO nanowalls was clearly observed in photoluminescence measurements. On the other hand, we could not observe any emission bands from the ZnO nanocolumn samples.